Chapter3 exercise and test
一、TRUE/FALSE
1. In the global market, employees move freely from firm to firm, so they are not an important source of competitive advantage for the firm.
2. Firms should seek to continually develop new core competencies because all core competencies have limited life spans.
3. The sustainability of a competitive advantage depends upon the imitability of the core competence, the availability of substitutes for the core competence, and the rate of obsolescence of the core competence.
4. A useful rule for evaluating whether a capability is a core competence is its historical ability to provide
5. Analyzing the internal environment enables a firm to determine what it might be able to do by identifying what opportunities exist.
6. Analyzing the internal environment enables a firm to determine what it can do by identifying what opportunities exist.
7. Given enough time, any firm!ˉs competitive dvantage can be imitated by its competitors.
8. Some resources, such as financial capital, have inherent value to the firm, while others are not inherently valuable.
9. In the global economy, traditional factors such as labor costs, access to financial resources and raw materials, and protected or regulated markets are no longer sources of competitive advantage.
10. A global mind-set is free of the assumptions of a single country, culture, or context.
11. Analysis of the firm!ˉs internal organization eamines the firm!ˉs portfolio of resources but excludes the bundles of heterogeneous resources and capabilities.
12. Value is measured by the variable and fixed costs associated with the production and marketing of a particular product compared with the revenue and profits the product generates. 13. Value is created when the firm exploits its core competencies or competitive advantages to meet or exceed the demanding standards of global competition.
14. Creating customer value is the source of the firm!ˉs potential to earn above-average returns
15. The challenge and difficulty of making effective decisions are implied by preliminary evidence suggesting that one-half of organizational decisions fail.
16. The need to meet quarterly earnings numbers disciplines managers to exercise judgment and to make strategic decisions that are best for the long-run performance of the firm.
17. Firms and managers can learn from the failure resulting from a mistake!athat is, whatnot to do when seeking competitive advantage.
18. The core competencies of a firm should be the primary drivers of its strategy.
19. Managerial decisions concerning resources, capabilities, and core competencies are characterized by three conditions: ambiguity, interconnectivity, and intraorganizational agreement.
20. In the long run, if an organization does not change it will fail.
21. A competitive advantage can be created when several resources are bundled together in a unique fashion.
22. Coca-Cola’s brand name is a tangible ource of competitive advantage for the company.
23. Trademarks and copyrights are examples of a firm!ˉs tangible resources
24. The value of tangible assets such as the firm!ˉsborrowing capacity and its physical plant are high because they can be easily leveraged to derive additional value.
25. Although an organization!ˉs good reputation is avaluable resource that takes years of superior marketplace competence to achieve, it is not a good basis for building a competitive advantage because it can be destroyed almost instantly by bad publicity.
26. Compared to tangible resources, intangible resources are an inferior source of core competencies.
27. The capacity to manage human intellect!aand toconvert it into useful products and services!ais fast becoming the critical executive skill of the age.
28. Capabilities of an organization emerge spontaneously through the interaction of tangible and
29. Older employees are less valuable resources to firms than younger employees, because the older employees have lower stocks of knowledge. Consequently, employee reductions should begin with early retirement inducements.
30. Capabilities can be developed quickly in response to changes in the new competitive landscape.
二、MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Criticism of 3M!ˉs reduced spending on researc and development represent concerns over what?
a. A decline in the firm!ˉs profitability.
b. A reduction in the firms capability for innovation.
c. The substitution of innovation for efficiency.
d. The increase in expenses for downsizing resulting from this decision.
2. Which of the following best describes the effects of 3M!ˉs investments in Six Sigma initiatives?
a. These investments resulted in needed increases in operational efficiency.
b. These investments had an unintended effect of reducing the firm!ˉs capability in innovation.
c. These investments resulted in the development of an additional capability.
d. All of the above are correct.
3. It is increasingly difficult for a firm to develop and sustain a competitive advantage because of the effects of globalization and
a. the rapid development of the Internet!ˉs capabilities.
b. extensive use of outsourcing within the borders of the U.S.
c. the declining number of inventions and patents developed by U.S. citizens.
d. the simultaneous erosion of the U.S. work ethic and the U.S. education system.
4. Which of the following is NOT required for a firm to achieve strategic competitiveness and earn above-average returns from its core competencies?
a. Core competencies must be acquired.
b. Core competencies must be bundled.
c. Core competencies must be internationalize
d.
d. Core competencies must be leveraged.
5. Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting sustainability of a competitive advantage?
a. The availability of substitutes for a firm!ˉs core competence.
b. The rate at which obsolescence of the core competence occurs because of environmental
c. The imitability of a core competence.
d. The length of time the core competence has existed.
6. Internal analysis enables a firm to determine what the firm
a. can do.
b. should do.
c. will do.
d. might do.
7. The proper matching of what a firm can do with what it might do allows the firm to
a. balance the internal characteristics of the firm with the characteristics of the external environment.
b. overcome the rigidity and inertia resulting from a history of success.
c. develop its vision, pursue its mission, and select and implement its strategies.
d. develop core competencies based on human knowledg
e.
8. The key to maintaining competitive advantage and earning above-average returns over the long run is to effectively manage current core competencies
a. in a way that uniquely bundles and leverages the firm!ˉs existing resources.
b. and develop a continuous stream of new competitive advantages.
c. and imitate the core competencies of successful competitors.
d. in order to preserve and enhance them against the firm!ˉs competitors.
9. Which of the following is FALSE?
a. Unique bundles of resources are the ultimate source of wealth creation.
b. The critical resource for firms is the ability to use the rapidly evolving Internet.
c. A global labor market for employees now exists.
d. Any competitive advantage will eventually disappear.
10. Value consists of
a. A product’s proprietary characteristics andby its attributes for which customers are willing to pay.
b. A product’s performance characteristics and by its attributes for which customers are willing to pay.
c. A product’s proprietary characteristics and b its attributes for which customers consider paying for.
d. A product’s performance characteristics and b its attributes for which customers consider paying for.
11. ____ is/are the source of a firm’s ____,which is/are the source of the firm’s ____.
a. Resources, capabilities, core competencies
b. Capabilities, resources, core competencies
c. Capabilities, resources, above average returns
d. Core competencies, resources, competitive advantage
12. ____ is measured by a product!ˉs performance chaacteristics and its attributes for which customers are willing to pay.
a. Competitive advantage
b. Profit potential
c. Contribution
13. By exploiting their core competencies to meet or exceed the standards of global competition, firms create ____ for customers.
a. values
b. valuation
c. valuables
d. value
14. ____ of organizational decisions fail.
a. Few
b. About one-quarter
c. About half
d. Most
15. By emphasizing core competencies when formulating strategies, companies learn to compete primarily on the basis of
a. intangible resources.
b. their primary activities.
c. firm-specific differences.
d. efficiency of production.
16. A decision that results in failure
a. is a career-ending event because it is so unusual.
b. often results from lack of accountability.
c. fosters organizational inertia.
d. allows for learning.
17. The three conditions that characterize difficult managerial decisions concerning resources, capabilities, and core competencies are
a. complexity, rarity, and human intellectual capital.
b. uncertainty, complexity, and intraorganizational conflicts.
c. imitability, complexity, and interorganizational conflicts.
d. imitability, comparability, and human intellectual capital.
18. Decisions about the firms internal environment involve
a. choices about the assets the firm needs to collect and how to best use those assets.
b. choices about which resources should serve as the basis for capabilities.
c. choices about how to bundle resources.
d. choices about how to bundle capabilities.
19. The condition of uncertainty in managerial decision-making occurs when
a. the firm!ˉs fundamental cor competencies are incompatible.
b. there is intraorganizational conflict about the decision criteria to use.
c. there are rapid changes in customer needs, economic and political trends, and societal values.
d. there is no one optimal solution to a problem.
20. A person who has made a successful decision when no obviously correct model or rule is available or when relevant data are unreliable or incomplete has exercised
a. foresight.
b. judgment.
c. effective strategic thinking.
d. decisiveness.
21. One reason executive judgment can be a particularly important source of competitive advantage is that judgment
a. allows a firm to build a strong reputation.
b. gains the loyalty of shareholders.
c. increases human intellectual capacity.
d. allows for superior bundling of resources.
22. Judgment is the capacity for making a successful decision when
a. there are multiple decision criteria.
b. no obviously correct model or rule is available.
c. cognitive biases create barriers to rationality.
d. there are contradictions between the firm!ˉs vision and itsimplemented strategy.
23. The quality of Hyundai vehicles has increased dramatically. Its cars now rank at the top of the list in
vehicle quality, exceeding even Toyota. To management!ˉs surprise, this has not led to an increase in sales. From the standpoint of capabilities, what can we conclude about Hyundai!ˉs quality?
a. The increased quality fails the !°value!± test
b. The increased quality fails the !°rare!± test
c. The increased quality fails the !°costly to imitate!± test
d. The increased quality fails the !°nonsubstitutable!± test
24. Based on the strategic focus in Chapter 3, which of Hyundai!ˉs capabilities appears LEAST alignedwith the value customers seek?
a. The establishment of production facilities in the Czech Republic.
b. The establishment of production facilities in the India.
c. The allocation of additional resources to R&D to increase vehicle quality.
d. The allocation of resources to develop a large car.
25. The most numerous of the following organizational characteristics are
a. resources.
b. capacities.
c. capabilities.
d. core competencies.
26. Competitive advantage typically comes from
a. individual resources.
b. one unique resource.
c. several outstanding resources used independently.
d. the unique bundling of several resources.
27. A firm with a unique organizational culture and proprietary processes developed over a long period of time
a. is likely to be undervalued by financial statements.
b. is likely to be resistant to inertia in the face of change.
c. is less likely to have sustainable competitive advantages than a firm with easily
quantifiable resources.
d. will be unable to leverage these resources if the firm is sold.
28. All of the following are tangible resources EXCEPT
a. production equipment.
b. distribution centers.
c. firm’s reputation.
d. formal reporting structures.
29. Tangible resources include
a. assets that are people-dependent such as know-how.
b. assets that can be seen and quantified.
c. organizational culture.
d. a firm’s reputation.
30. Complete the following about the difference between tangible and intangible resources. Tangible resources are ____ constrained because they are _____ to leverage due to _____ divisibility and deployability.
a. less; easier; unlimited
b. less; easier; limited
c. more; harder; limited
d. more; harder; unlimited
四、ESSAY
1. Describe the importance of internal analysis to the strategic success of the firm.
3. Define capabilities and how they affect the firm’s strategic success
5. Describe a value chain analysis. How does a value chain analysis help a firm gain competitive advantage?
五、Case
NARRBEGIN: Case Scenario 03-01
Case Scenario 1: Heartsong LLC.
Heartsong LLC is a designer and manufacturer of replacement heart valves based in Peoria, Illinois. While a relatively small company in the medical devices field, it has established a worldwide reputation as the provider of choice high-quality, leading-edge artificial heart valves. Most of its products are sold to large regional hospital systems and research hospitals. Specialty heart centers are another emerging, but fast-growing, market for its valves. While Heartsong would like to grow quickly, its growth is constrained by the need to finance larger production runs and then carry this additional inventory. For products like those of Heartsong, vendors typically do not collect payment until the unit is actually used in surgery. Moreover, heart valves are usually required on short notice which means that they must be either onsite, or inventoried at a nearby location. If nearby, then transport of the unit to a hospital or heart center occurs within a matter of hours, and sometimes minutes. For this reason, accelerated growth would require Heartsong to both finance increased production of its heart valves, along with carrying increased levels of inventory that are in fact sitting on their customers’ shelves. In fact, inventory-carryig cost is its single largest cost outside of research and development. While profitable growth is necessary if Heartsong is to continue extending its competitive advantage through increasingly greater investments in basic heart valve R&D, it is not clear that the company can internally support all
these increased financial commitments (R&D, manufacturing, and inventory). Doc Watson, the CEO of Heartsong, is considering an outside contractor, EdFex, to handle the inventorying, warehousing, and delivery of its valves. EdFex has secure, high-tech warehouses in most major population centers around the country, and can ensure delivery of a product to these markets from its warehouses in less than one hour.
NARREND
1. (Refer to Case Scenario 1) What value-chain activities appear to underlie Heartsong!ˉs competitive advantage?
2. (Refer to Case Scenario 1) Why might an outsourcing arrangement with EdFex be attractive to Heartsong?
3. (Refer to Case Scenario 1) What are the implications of an EdFex outsourcing arrangement for the capabilities underlying Heartsong!ˉs competitive advantage
雅思历年真题口语题目汇总 version 01old person describe an old man influenced you 1.who was he 2.when did you know him 3.what he did and explain why he influenced you part3 1.老人的经验有什么问题存在? 2.喜欢什么艺术品? 3.给老人拍照片时候注意什么呢? 4.你们国家对老年人是什么态度？ 5.你认为这个社会在哪些方面对老年人不太好？ 6.老人在你们家有什么影响？ 7.你认为老年人在看问题的时候跟年轻人有什么不一样？ 8.他们对大家有什么影响？ version 02 city 1.where it is located? 2. what special for you? 3. why you want to stay there? part 3 1.please compare 100 hundred years old city and modern city and what predict about the city in the future. 2.上海是个怎样的城市 3.都有那些著名建筑
4.你想为这个城市做些什么？ 5.有哪些现象有待提高或者那些提倡 version 03 room part2: 1.what's your favorite room in your home 2.what it likes you live 3.what you do in the room normally and explain why you like it part3: 1.你认识你的邻居吗？ 2.城市里的房子和乡村有什么不同？ 2003年9月换题后的口语topic Old person Describe a older person you know You should say:Who he or she is How you know him or her How he or she is And explain what infection he or she give you and in what aspect Further question： 1、你们国家对老年人是什么态度？ 2、你认为这个社会在哪些方面对老年人不太好？ 3、老人在你们家有什么影响？ 4、你认为老年人在看问题的时候跟年轻人有什么不一样？ 5、他们对大家有什么影响？
英语阅读理解带翻译10篇精选 英语阅读理解带翻译10篇：给予 Like most people, I was brought up to look upon life as a process of getting. It was not until in my late thirties that I made this important discovery： giving-away makes life so much more exciting. You need not worry if you lack money. This is how I experimented with giving-away. If an idea for improving the window display of a neighborhood store flashes to me, I step in and make the suggestion to the storekeeper. One discovery I made about giving-away is that it is almost impossible to give away anything in this world without getting something back, though the return often comes in an unexpected form. One Sunday morning the local post office delivered an important special delivery letter to my home, though it was addressed to me at my office. I wrote the postmaster a note of appreciation. More than a year later I needed a post-office box for a new business I was starting. I was told at the window that there were no boxes left, and that my name would have to go on a long waiting list. As I was about to leave, the postmaster appeared in the doorway. He had overheard our conversation. “Wasn’t it you that wrote us that letter a year ago about delivering a special delivery to your home?” I said yes. “Well, you certainly are going to have a box in this post office if we have to make one for you. You don’t know what a letter like that means to us. We usually get nothing but complaints.” 像绝大部分人，我长大看待生命是一个过程获得。直到我在30月底，我作出这个重要发现：给予，距离使我们的生活如此更令人兴奋的。您不必担心如果缺乏资金。这是我尝试让-消失。如果一个主意，
Text1 Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not ch In but habit rules the unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative connotation. So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and innovation. 习惯是件有趣的事情。我们无意识间养成了一些习惯，我们的大脑是自动运 转的，轻松进入熟知套路所带来的不自觉舒适状态。“这并非选择，而是习惯控 制了那些没有思想的人”，这是威廉?华兹华斯（William Wordsworth）19世纪时 说的话。在现在这个日新月异的21世纪，甚至习惯这个词本身也带有负面涵义。 因此，在创造和革新的背景下来谈论习惯，似乎显得有点矛盾。 But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks. But don’t bother trying to kil off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads. 但大脑研究人员发现，当我们有意识地培养新的习惯的时候，我们创建了平 行路径，甚至是全新的脑细胞，可以让我们的思路跳转到新的创新轨道上来。但 是，不必费心试图摈弃各种旧习惯；一旦这些程序惯例融进大脑，它们就会留在 那里。相反，我们刻意培养的新习惯会创建平行路径能避开原来那些老路。 “The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says D Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as decide is to kill off president calls himself ‘the Decider.’” She adds, however, that “to all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.” 大学英语
毛概期末考试试题 项选择题（每题1分，共15分） 1、全面贯彻“三个代表”重要思想的关键在（A ） A、坚持与时俱进 B、坚持党的先进性 C、坚持执政为民 D、坚持党的领导 2、邓小平理论的精髓是（B） A、解放生产力, 发展生产力 B、解放思想, 实事求是 C、坚持四项基本原则 D、“ 三个有利于”标准 3、消灭剥削的物质前提是（B ） A、实行公有制 B、生产力的高度发达 C、实行人民民主专政 D、实行按劳分配 4、我国社会主义初级阶段的时间是指（B） A、中华人民共和国成立到社会主义现代化基本实现 B、社会主义改造基本完成到社会主义现代化基本实现 C、中华人民共和国成立到社会主义改造基本完成 D、社会主义改造基本完成到共产主义社会 5、坚持党的基本路线一百年不动摇的关键是（A ） A、坚持以经济建设为中心不动摇 B、坚持“两手抓, 两手都要硬”的方针不动摇 C、坚持四项基本原则不动摇 D、坚持改革开放不动摇 6、我国社会主义建设的战略目标是（D） A、实现农业、工业、国防和科学技术现代化 B、实现工业化、社会化、市场化、和现代化 C、实现政治、经济和文化的现代化 D、把我国建设成为富强、民主、文明的社会主义现代化国家 7、我国的工业化任务还没有完成，总体上看，现在还处于（C） A、农业社会 B、现代化工业社会 C、工业化中期阶段 D、工业化高级阶段 8、实现全面建设小康社会的目标重点和难点在（D） A、大城市 B、中等城市 C、小城镇 D、农村 9、实行以家庭承包经营为基础、统分结合的双层经营体制，是党在农村的基本政策，必须长期坚持。稳定和完善这一双层经营体制的关键和核心是（A ）A、稳定和完善土地承包关系B、完善农村所有制结构 C、尊重农民的首创精神 D、发展规模经济 10、改革开放以来，对社会主义可以实行市场经济在理论认识上重大突破是（D ） A、市场经济是法治经济 B、市场对资源配置起基础性作用 C、市场经济是国家宏观调控的经济 D、市场经济不属于社会基本制度的范畴 11、社会主义市场经济条件下，市场机制（A ） A、对资源配置起基础性作用 B、能确保经济总量的平衡 C、可以实现经济结构的平衡 D、可以保障社会公平 12、私营经济中的劳动者的收入属于（C）
雅思为各位考生推荐复习材料-剑 5 口语 Test4 Part3-Purpose of festivals and celebrations；需要本教程其他单元口语范文的考生请点击：剑 5 口语Test3 Part1-Entertainment；剑5 口语 Test3 Part2-Describe one of your friends；剑5 口语 Test3 Part3范文-Qualities of Friends。 PART 3: Purpose of festivals and celebrations Q: Why do you think festivals are important events in the working year? Answer: Yeah. It’s very important for two reasons. For the country, it’s a time to remember our cultural origin and our historical past. The whole country celebrates our root and it’s very inspiring. We become so proud of our past. I guess that’s why festivals are important. For the individual, festivals give us a chance for relaxation as we often have a few days off. It’s a time of fun, meeting friends, entertainment. So after that we feel like a new man. In a sense, holidays restore our balance between work and leisure. That’s also why we need festivals for China. Q: Would you agree that the original significance of festival is often lost today? 构思: 节日的初衷: 庆祝传统, 承上启下, 结束也是开始 现在的节日: 人们繁忙, 感觉不到开始和结束的意义, 过完节,马上就再次投入到工作中, 有些单位甚至连节假日都加班. 人们也不在那么感动传统,倒是好好的利用节日放松了一下,
雅思历年真题口语题目汇总 version01old person describe an old man influenced you 1.who was he 2.when did you know him 3.what he did and explain why he influeced you part3 1.老人的经验有什么问题存在? 2.喜欢什么艺术品? 3.给老人拍照片时候注意什么呢? 4.你们国家对老年人是什么态度？ 5.你认为这个社会在哪些方面对老年人不太好？ 6.老人在你们家有什么影响？ 7.你认为老年人在看问题的时候跟年轻人有什么不一样？ 8.他们对大家有什么影响？ version02city 1.where it is located? 2.what special for you? 3.why you want to stay there? part3 1.please compare100hundred years old city and modern city and what predict about the city in the futu re. 2.上海是个怎样的城市 新东方批改网（https://www.doczj.com/doc/4e16571759.html,）,在线雅思作文批改，雅思口语批改。语法纠错、恶补，制定考试计划，
3.都有那些著名建筑 4.你想为这个城市做些什么？ 5.有哪些现象有待提高或者那些提倡 version03room part2: 1.what's your favorite room in your home 2.what it likes you live 3.what you do in the room normally and explain why you like it part3: 1.你认识你的邻居吗？ 2.城市里的房子和乡村有什么不同？ 2003年9月换题后的口语topic Old person Describe a older person you know You should say:Who he or she is How you know him or her How he or she is And explain what infection he or she give you and in what aspect Further question： 1、你们国家对老年人是什么态度？ 2、你认为这个社会在哪些方面对老年人不太好？ 3、老人在你们家有什么影响？ 新东方批改网（https://www.doczj.com/doc/4e16571759.html,）,在线雅思作文批改，雅思口语批改。语法纠错、恶补，制定考试计划，
Unit 1 Genetically modified foods -- Feed the World? If you want to spark a heated debate at a dinner party, bring up the topic of genetically modified foods. For many people, the concept of genetically altered, high-tech crop production raises all kinds of environmental, health, safety and ethical questions. Particularly in countries with long agrarian traditions -- and vocal green lobbies -- the idea seems against nature. 如果你想在某次晚宴上挑起一场激烈的争论，那就提出转基因食品的话题吧。对许多人来说，高科技的转基因作物生产的概念会带来诸如环境、健康、安全和伦理等方面的各种问题。特别是在有悠久的农业生产传统和主张环保的游说集团的国家里，转基因食品的主意似乎有悖自然。 In fact, genetically modified foods are already very much a part of our lives. A third of the corn and more than half the soybeans and cotton grown in the US last year were the product of biotechnology, according to the Department of Agriculture. More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the US this year. The genetic is out of the bottle. 事实上，转基因食品已经成为我们生活重要的一部分。根据农业部的统计，美国去年所种植玉米的1／3，大豆和棉花的一半以上都是生物技术的产物。今年，美国将种植6500多万英亩的转基因作物。基因妖怪已经从瓶子里跑出来了。 Yet there are clearly some very real issues that need to be resolved. Like any new product entering the food chain, genetically modified foods must be subjected to rigorous testing. In wealthy countries, the debate about biotech is tempered by the fact that we have a rich array of foods to choose from -- and a supply that far exceeds our needs. In developing countries desperate to feed fast-growing and underfed populations; the issue is simpler and much more urgent: Do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks? 但是，显然还有一些非常现实的问题需要解决。就像任何一种要进入食物链的新食品一样，转基因食品必须经过严格的检验。在富裕的国家里，由于有大量丰富的食品可供选择，而且供应远远超过需求，所以关于生物技术的争论相对缓和一些。在迫切想要养活其迅速增长而又吃不饱的人口的发展中国家，问题比较简单，也更加紧迫：生物技术的好处是否大于风险呢? The statistics on population growth and hunger are disturbing. Last year the world's population reached 6 billion. And by 2050, the UN estimates, it will probably near 9 billion. Almost all that growth will occur in developing countries. At the same time, the world's available cultivable land per person is declining. Arable land has
2021年大学毛概期末考试全真模拟试卷及 答案（一） 一、单项选择题 1、对外开放是（Ｃ） A.赶超发达资本主义国家的需要 B.赶超发展中国家的需要 C.我国社会主义现代化建设的需要 D.加快发展商品经济的需要 2、我国实行对外开放是（Ａ） A长期的基本国策 B一项特殊政策 C社会主义初级阶段的一项政策 D一项权宜之计 3、实行对外开放的前提是（Ｂ） A. 独立自主、自力更生 B. 发展对外贸易，引进资金和先进技术 C. 公平合理、互惠互利 D.实行全方位、多层次、宽领域的开放 4、对外开放是对（Ｄ） A.社会主义国家开放 B.资本主义国家开放 C.发展中国家开放 D.全世界开放 5、我国对外开放的先头阵地是（Ｄ）
A.经济技术开发区 B.沿海开放城市 C.保税区 D.经济特区 6、“改革是中国的第二次革命”是从（） A.扫除发展生产力的障碍这个意义上说的 B.对社会各个方面要进行根本性变革的意义上说的 C.根本上改变束缚我国生产力的经济体制意义上说的 D.根本上改变束缚我国生产力的政治体制意义上说的 7、社会主义国家改革的性质是( Ａ ) A.基本制度的变革 B.社会主义政治、经济运行方式的变革 C.社会主义制度的自我完善和发展 D.社会主义原有体制的修补 8、社会主义改革开放是（Ｃ） A.社会主义国家的立国之本 B.社会主义建设的中心 C.社会主义国家的富民之路 D.执政党建设的重要内容 9、改革、发展、稳定三者是内在统一的，其中发展是( Ａ ) A.目的 B.动力 C.基础 D.条件 10、我国对外开放政策的基本点是发展( Ａ ) A.对外经济关系 B.对外政治关系 C.对外文化关系 D.对外学术关系 11、对外开放是一项涉及面十分广泛的基本国策，其基本点是（Ａ）
【雅思口语预测】雅思口语话题题库范文 雅思口语精准预测刘薇简介环球雅思北京学校副校长最受欢迎口语教师授课时激情中透着温婉幽默里渗入励志秉承让学生 "轻松复习事半功倍"的教学理念。 从事雅思教学多年北京大学传播学硕士曾学术访问哈佛大学 耶鲁大学等世界顶尖名校。 著作《雅思九天口语高分之路》、《剑桥雅思全真试题原版解析8》。本月预测重点本预测适用于xx年4月雅思考试超高频和重回题库考题、一级重点、都是重点类别需要考生准备细致答案。二级重点考生考生准备思路即可。 Part 1 分类汇总一基本信息类 1. Name 什么名字，中文名含义，未来换吗 2. Study or work 上班还上学上学问专业或最喜欢学科上班工作内容，参加过培训吗，未来换工作吗 3. Hometown 家乡哪里，有什么特别的地方，未来想居住的地方 4. Weather 喜欢什么天气家乡天气，家乡天气今年的变化 5. Family 家庭情况，家庭时间如何度过，全家人喜欢一起做什么二衣食住行类 1. Living 住flat还是house，最喜欢的房间，如果重装修会怎么做 2. Building 喜欢什么建筑，你们国家的人更喜欢传统还是时尚建筑，未来建筑的发展 3.
Countryside 喜欢郊区吗，郊区与城市的区别，什么人喜欢郊区 4. Transport 家乡交通特点，公共交通和私人交通的优缺点，未 来如何改善 5. Boating 划过船吗，坐过船吗，好处，你们国 家水运多吗 6. Clothes and fashion 喜欢什么衣服，喜欢时 尚吗，时尚对生活的影响 7. Bags 平时背包包吗，什么类型的 宝宝，知道哪些包包，丢过包包吗 8. Keeping healthy and fit 如何保持健康，如何保持身材 9. Daily routine and favorite time in a day 典型的一天，一天中最喜欢的时间段 10. Sleeping 几点睡几点起，睡不着怎么办，如何培养好的睡眠习惯 三娱乐休闲 1. Music 喜欢什么类型音乐，喜欢在家听还是concert hall。会乐器吗，什么乐器。 2. dancing 会舞蹈吗，中国人喜欢什么舞蹈，传统舞蹈得到了 传承吗 3. photography 喜欢摄影吗，喜欢给别人拍还是别人 给你拍，喜欢收藏照片吗 4. painting 会画画儿吗，小孩子学 习绘画的好处，有什么绘画技巧吗 5. sport 最喜欢什么运 动，好处 6. museum 喜欢去博物馆吗，好处，博物馆该收费吗7. leisure and relaxation 喜欢什么休闲活动，跟谁，在哪 儿，好处，中国人都喜欢什么休闲 8. weekends 如何度过周 末，周末加班吗，老板应该给发工资吗 9. postcards 喜欢 ___吗，发给别人或者收到过吗，跟email的区别 10. public park 喜欢去公园吗，做什么，应该有更多公园吗四科技生活
1.A strange thing happens to nearly everybody at night(英语阅读理解) A strange thing happens to nearly everybody at night. They turn off the lights, pull up the covers and close their eyes. Six or seven sleeping hours later, they wake up again. Strange, isn't it? 一个奇怪的事情发生在几乎每个人身上，并且都在晚上。他们关上灯，拉上了窗帘和闭上他们的眼睛。六或七小时的睡眠后，他们再次醒来。奇怪，不是吗？ Sleep is a great puzzle. Scientists and doctors would like to talk about why one can't fall asleep. They are not so sure what causes sleep. 睡眠是一个伟大的谜。科学家和医生谈谈为什么不能入睡。他们不知道什么是睡眠的原因。 You will sleep best both when you are in good health and when you don't eat too much or too little. No worries and a comfortable place to sleep are important, too.你会睡得最好当你身体健康时，你不要吃太多或太少。不用担心，一个舒适的睡眠环境是重要的。 Strange things happen during sleep. For example, you often move. You would feel tired ever if you didn't move. You also dream. Part of your brain is still awake when you dream. Dreaming happens when the memory and imagination parts of your brain are still awake. 奇怪的事情发生在睡眠期间。例如，你经常搬家。你会觉得累，如果你没有动。你也做梦。你大脑的一部分仍然是清醒的时候，您也做梦。做梦时发生的记忆和想象的部分你的大脑仍然清醒。 Don't worry if you dream. Some great stories and poems were finished while the writers were dreaming. 别担心，如果你有梦想。一些伟大的故事和诗歌的作家会完成梦想。 根据短文内容,判断下列句子正(T)、误( F) 。 1. A strange thing happens to only someone at night.T 2. Scientists and doctors are both sure what causes people's sleep.F 3. When you are in good health, you can sleep very well at night.T 4. The writer means that some dreams are good for people.T 5. If you eat too much or too little before sleep, you won't sleep well.T 2. At the Barber's Shop 在理发店 Jack went to a barber's shop and had his hair cut, but when he came out, he 杰克去一家理发店剪了头发，但是当他出来时，他 was not happy with the result. When his friend Bob saw him, he laughed 是不满意的结果。当他的朋友鲍波看到他时，他笑了 and said, "What has happened to your hair,Jack?" 说，“你的头发怎么了，杰克？” Jack said, "I tried a new barber's shop today, because I wasn't quite satisfied 杰克说，“我今天尝试了新的理发店，因为我不是很满意 with my old one, but this one seems even worse." 旧的，但是这一次似乎更差。” Bob agreed. "Yes, I think you're right, Jack. Now I'll tell you what 他同意了。”是的，我想你是对的，杰克。现在我要告诉你 to do when you go into a barber's shop next time: look at all the barber's hair, 做的时候，你走进一家理发店下时间：看所有理发师的头发， find out whose hair looks worst, and then go straight to him."
Lesson 8 IV. Translation Put the following into Chinese. 1. Every war has had its songs that whipped up patriotic fervor or, in the case of the Vietnam War that encouraged protest against it. 每场战争都有自己的歌曲来唤起人们的爱国热情或者如在越南战争中鼓励人们反战。 2. The idea is to take a song that people like or that has particular meaning or emotional association for them and use it with new words, hoping that some of the liking, meaning, or emotional associations will transfer to the new ideas being communicated. And it often works. 改词是把一首人们喜爱或者对他们具有特殊意义或感情色彩的歌曲填上新词，希望把这种喜爱、意义或感情色彩带到正在传播的新观念中。通常这种方法很奏效。 3 As a result, a number of community and national groups have applied pressure on stations to keep these songs and performers off the air. These charges also stimulated investigations by the Federal Communications Commission, the regulatory agency charged with overseeing broadcast practices. 结果一些社团和全国性团体向电台或电视台施加压力让他们禁播这些演员的节目。这些指控也促使负责广播业的监管机构联邦通讯委员会开始进行调查。 4. Does it mean a station should permit no language or ideas in a song that it would not permit on the news or in a sports program? Or does it mean the station should recognize that different forms of communication or entertainment, or programs designed for different kinds of audiences, should have different standards concerning language and ideas? 这是否意味着在广播电台或电视台播放的歌曲中不允许出现那些在新闻或体育节目中禁止出现的语言和观念？或者这是否意味着电台或电视台应该承认不同的交流或娱乐形式，或是为不同听众设计的节目，在语言和观念上应该具有不同的标准？ 5. One author has suggested that popular music also serves a "rite of passage" function for young girls. The teenage singing idols may serve as non-threatening substitutes for actual boys until boys' maturation catches up with that of girls and some semblance of easy boy-girl relationships can be established. 一位作者指出流行音乐也成了女孩子们成熟的标志。在同龄男孩子成长为像女孩子那样成熟并能较容易地与女孩子建立朋友关系之前，少年歌星可能会成为不会对女孩子形成威胁的男友的替身。 V. Oral Practice and Discussion 1. How was music used during World War II and during the Vietnam War? 2. Describe peacetime uses of music. 3. List the major effects and functions of music. 4. Identify the basic issues in the FCC regulatory position. 5. What problems do you foresee in the development of record labeling plans? 6. Adaptation of popular or favorite songs is a persuasive tactic. Where is this technique used today? Cite several examples. (Hint: Advertising commercials) 7. If music shapes our perceptions and attitudes, then, should we be forced to listen to music in public places such as restaurants and shopping malls? 8. Are there other effects of music not included in this article?
2016‐2017年毛概期末考试试题及答案 一、单项选择题(每题1 分，共 15 分)1、全面贯彻“三 个代表”重要思想的关键在(A )A、坚持与时俱进B、 坚持党的先进性C、坚持执政为民D、坚持党的领导2、邓小平理论的精髓是(B) A、解放生产力, 发展生产力 B、解放思想,实事求是 C、坚持四项基本原则 D、“三个有利于”标准3、消灭剥 削的物质前提是(B) A、实行公有制 B、生产力的高度发达 C、 实行人民民主专政D、实行按劳分配4、 我国社会主义初级阶段的时间是指( B) A、中华人民共和国成立到社会主义现代化基本实现 B、社会主义改造基本完成到社会主义现代化基本实现 C、中华人民共和国成立到社会主义改造基本完成 D、社 会主义改造基本完成到共产主义社会5、坚持党的基本路线一百年不动摇的关键是(A )A、坚持以经济建设为 中心不动摇 B、坚持“两手抓, 两手都要硬”的方针不动摇 C、坚 持四项基本原则不动摇D、坚持改革开放不动摇6、 我国社会主义建设的战略目标是( D)
A、实现农业、工业、国防和科学技术现代化 B、实现工业化、社会化、市场化、和现代化 C、实现政治、 经济和文化的现代化D、把我国建设成为富强、民主、文明 的社会主义现代化国 家 7、我国的工业化任务还没有完成，总体上看，现在还处于(C) A、农业社会 B、现代化工业社会 C、工业化中期阶 段D、工业化高级阶段8、实现全面建设小康社会的 目标重点和难点在(D)A、大城市B、中等城市 C、小城镇 D、农村9、实行以家庭承包经营为基础、统分结 合的双层经营体制， 是党在农村的基本政策，必须长期坚持。稳定和完善这一双层经营体制的关键和核心是(A) A、稳定和完善土地承包关系 B、完善农村所有制结构 C、尊 重农民的首创精神D、发展规模经济10、改革开放以来，对 社会主义可以实行市场经济在理论认 识上重大突破是(D) A、市场经济是法治经济 B、市场对资源配臵起基础性作用 C、 市场经济是国家宏观调控的经济D、市场经济不属于社 会基本制度的范畴11、社会主义市场经济条件下， 市场机制(A )
剑桥雅思口语真题解析 Part 1: 1.1姓名 1. What’s your full name? 2. Can I have your name, please? 3. Are there any special meanings of your name? 4. Do you like your name? Why? 5. Do Chinese people like changing their names? 6. What kind of people in China like changing their names? 7. Is there any rule for Chinese people giving names to their children? 1.2故乡 My hometown is Guangzhou. It is the capital of Guangdong province in the southwest of China. It is a large industrial city. It is close to Hong Kong so a lot of the industries involve trade and retail. It is also a finance area. The people in Guangzhou are very genial and helpful, also are very easy to get around. If you lose your way and ask someone, he will give you the direction immediately, he can also give you a hand if you are in trouble. By the year 2011, it is believed that my hometown Guangzhou has become the economic center of China. 2. Where is it located? 3. How about the climate in your hometown? Which season do you like? In my hometown Guangzhou, the four seasons are not evident, which only has spring and summer. It is too hot in the summer and it is also humid in the winter. I like summer better, for we will go swimming and start our outdoor activities in the summer, it gives us pretty environment, which full of various kinds of colors. Another reason is that it is suitable for traveling around. 4. How about the people in your hometown? The people in my hometown Guangzhou are very genial and helpful, also are very easy to get around. People will always give you a hand with things. If you lose your way and ask someone, he will give you the direction immediately, he can also give you a hand if you are in trouble. 5. What do most people do in your hometown? 6. Oh yes. Even though Guangzhou is very modern, it has some interesting temples and streets. There is one called the Temple of Six Banyan Trees and it was built about 1500 years ago. There is also a famous cultural and commercial street in Guangzhou called Beijing Road. In this street, you can not only see a historic exhibition about different years roadbed, which has more than thousand histories, but also has many business shops sale almost all kinds of things. Besides, you can taste traditional snacks and refreshments or experience temples with /unusual special architectural style nearby. Anyway, it is an interesting place so worth to visit! 7. How about the style of the building in your hometown? 8. What is one of the greatest changes having taken place over the years? 9. What problems still exist in your hometown? 10. How to improve the situation in your hometown? 11. Where is Chinese population mainly distributed? 12. What changes have occurred in people’s dwelling? 1.3学习 1. Are you an employee or a student? (Are you working or studying?) 2. What is your major?