Chapter3 exercise and test (1)

Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Example: You will hear:You will read:A) At the office.B) In the waiting room.C) At the airport.D) In a restaurant.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. This is most likely to have taken place at the office. Therefore, A) "At the office" is the best answer.1.A) She told Jenny to meet her and the man at seven.B) She let Jenny's mother meet Jenny at seven.C) She asked Jenny to send her mother a message.D) She asked Jenny's mother to pass a message to Jenny.2.A) She arrived too early.B) She failed to arrive early enough.C) She arrived at 9.D) She managed to arrive at 10.3.A) Because the food spoiled.B) Because the weather was bad.C) Because the group felt shameful.D) Because the monitor wanted to have it on another day.4.A) He will buy the blouse for $20.B) He will see Betty this weekend.C) He will borrow some money from the woman and buy the blouse.D) He will let Betty pay back the money as soon as possible.5.A) Martha will have class at 2:00.B) Martha will go to the library at 3:00.C) Martha will go home immediately after class.D) Martha will go home after 4:00.6.A) Engineering.B) Insurance.C) Scientific research.D) Diplomatic service.7.A) She is in Tokyo.B) She is in Thailand.C) She is right here.D) She is in Tibet.8.A) The woman is living a very busy life.B) The woman has plenty of time to play computer games.C) The woman would like to fight in a war.D) The woman considers herself unfortunate.9.A) The man called her immediately.B) She read it in the morning newspaper.C) It was reported on the radio.D) She happened to be in the man's neighborhood.10.A) Employer and employee.B) Husband and wife.C) Customer and shop assistant.D) Driver and auto repairwoman.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Passage OneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11.A) The common ancestor of humans and other primates.B) The evolution of ancient primates.C) The fundamental difference between the human brain and that of a chimpanzee.D) The similarities between the activity of genes in different primates' brains.12.A) The weight of the brain.B) The size of the brain.C) Their tissue and blood.D) Gene activity in the brain.13.A) To find out how their common ancestor looked like.B) To understand how chimps and humans have evolved separately.C) To see if chimpanzees can become sick with AIDS.D) To find out efficient ways to treat human diseases.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.14.A) Because she loved others to visit her.B) Because other people might want to use her microwave.C) Because people forgot their food all the time.D) Because she often forgot to bring her key with her.15.A) She kept her door locked.B) She ate some popcorn that she popped in her microwave.C) She prayed before going to bed.D) She dreamed a lot.16.A) She found that someone had forgotten his food in her microwave.B) She was too tired to remember to lock the door.C) Some friends might want to visit her that night.D) She had a friend staying with her in the room.17.A) She held a party at home.B) Her friend ate a lot of popcorn.C) A person entered her room without her knowledge.D) Susan dreamed a strange dream.Passage ThreeQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18.A) A doll designer.B) A fashion model.C) A popular artist.D) An American feminist.19.A) It was created in 1959.B) It has changed the way fashion models behave.C) It died in 1985.D) It is anything but a doll.20.A) It provides them with choices for various careers.B) It helps shape their dreams.C) It can do many different types of work for them.D) It has all the good qualities a woman can possibly have.Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:For the most part, rapid economic development has been a boon. But there is a down side to development -- health problems such as overweight are all becoming more prevalent, as more people take taxis to work instead of riding their bicycles, and other labor-saving devices become more popular.An increasingly fast pace of life makes it difficult for people to spend time working out or playing sports. "I know exercise is good for your health," a young lady said. "But after a busy work week, the only thing I want to do is watch some TV and go to sleep." That attitude may explain the results of a recent nationwide study, which suggested 15 percent of urban adults in China are overweight, a large number of people over the age of 40 suffer from high blood pressure and cardiac ailments.Local researchers found that 31.2 percent of elderly respondents were getting enough exercise, but less than 9 percent of youngsters and the middle-aged got an adequate amount of physical activity.Elderly people understand the importance of protecting their health. The young people, however, are busy working and use this as an excuse to avoid exercise. In fact, physical exercise doesn't require much time, money or a special gymnasium. (S1) People can make use of any time and any place at their convenience to take part in sports. Walking quickly, cycling, climbing the stairs and dancing are all helpful methods to enhance one's health.The benefits of adding a little more activity to your life are priceless. "There is no need to be an athlete, however," a local doctor said. People should walk for 30 minutes a day and takepart in some other physical activity three to five times a week. He warns, however, that people in poor physical shape should start slowly, and build up over time.China has taken the need for more exercise to heart, with the government running several activities last Sunday, which was the designated World Health Day. Pamphlets and posters based on the theme "Move for Health" were distributed nationwide, encouraging people to develop a positive and healthy lifestyle.21. Rapid economic development has resulted in all the following except _____________.A) an increasing number of taxi passengersB) the wide use of labor-saving devicesC) an increasingly fast pace of lifeD) people's awareness of the importance of exercise22. Some people are getting overweight because __________.A) they are too busy to have any time for exerciseB) they are ignorant of the benefits of exerciseC) they are too weak to participate in physical activityD) they are short of money to pay for different exercises23. According to the passage, who need regular daily exercise most?A) People taking taxis to work.B) Urban adults with full-time jobs.C) Elderly people suffering from high blood pressure.D) Youngsters dreaming of becoming professional athletes.24. What is the main idea of the last paragraph but one?A) Many people are still unable to afford the cost of physical exercises.B) Nobody should take part in physical activity in order to be an athlete.C) Moderate physical exercise is usually enough for ordinary people.D) Old or sick people should only take part in physical exercises of the slowest type.25. By referring to rapid economic development as "a boon" at the beginning of the passage, the author means that ____________.A) it has benefited the general public greatlyB) it has done harm to people's health nationwideC) it is going faster than anyone could have imaginedD) it has helped to establish a positive and healthy lifestyle of the publicPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:For Roy Johnson, a senior magazine editor, the latest indignity came after a recent dinner at a fancy restaurant in the wealthy New York City suburb where he and his family live. First the parking valet handed him the keys to his Jaguar instead of fetching the car. Then an elderly white couple came out and handed him the keys to their black Mercedes-Benz. "It took them a while to realize that I was not a valet," says Johnson. "It didn't matter that I was dressed for dinner and had paid a handsome price for the meal, just as he had. What mattered was that I didn't fit his idea of someone who could be equal to him."Such incidents, which are depressingly familiar to African-Americans of all ages, incomes and social classes, help explain why black and white attitudes often differ so completely. A recent survey found that 68 percent of blacks believe racism is still a major problem in America. Only 38 percent of whites agreed.Many Americans find the gulf between blacks and whites bewildering. After all, official segregation is a bad memory and 40 years of laws, policies and court decisions have helped African-Americans make significant progress toward equal opportunity. Indeed, a black man born in Harlem could be the nation's next president.But racism persists, unmistakable to every black but largely invisible to many whites. (S2) It is evident in the everyday encounters African-Americans have with racial prejudice and discrimination, like the valet parking incident. Such encounters often strike whites as trivial misunderstandings. But they remind blacks that they are often dismissed as less intelligent, less industrious, less honest and less likely to succeed. Some insults are patently racist; others may be evidence of insensitivity or bad manners rather than racial prejudice. But the accumulation of insults feeds anger."What is amazing to me is the number of whites who express surprise that any of this happens," observes Mary Frances Berry, chairperson of the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights, who says she has been watched at shopping malls.26. The word "valet" in the first paragraph most probably means __________________.A) a restaurant ownerB) a driver of expensive carsC) a wealthy-looking gentlemanD) a restaurant employee taking care of the cars of the diners27. Roy Johnson was unfairly treated because ______________.A) his car was inferior in qualityB) he forgot to wear proper clothesC) he failed to express himself clearlyD) he is black28. From the passage we can learn that ____________________.A) both blacks and whites are bewildered by racismB) examples of racism are common in the USC) some government officials have very bad memoriesD) a black man born in Harlem will be the next US president29. It is implied in the passage that many white people deny the presence of racism in the US because __________.A) they tend to regard instances of racism as trivial misunderstandingsB) they have never seen any instance of racism in their countryC) they believe that black people are inherently less intelligent and less industriousD) they have always treated black people as their equals30. Judging from the context, the most possible explanation for Mary Frances Berry's being watched at shopping malls is that ____________________________.A) she was a national celebrityB) she didn't fit people's idea of an Afro-American womanC) many people nowadays are insensitive and rudeD) she is blackPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:Add Littleton, Colorado, to the list of cities dazed with grief after a school slaughter. Two students shot and killed 12 other students and a teacher before taking their own lives. The massacre was the largest in the history of this nation. This type of crime didn't exist 10 years ago.Americans should stop acting surprised that these shooting happen in "nicer" neighborhoods. That's the only place they happen. None of the recent school massacres took place at an inner-city campus; they all occurred in smaller towns or suburbs. (S3) These killers haven't been from impoverished or extremely violent families. They don't appear to have been picked on（挨骂受罚）any worse than kids have been for generations. They chose alienation and destruction, and they found the tools to carry out their hate-filled plan.Do not blame schools for these massacres. Schools simply take what they are sent. Question the killers' parents. The parents are supposed to teach their children respect and empathy for others' lives. Parents should help their offspring learn to handle taunt or conflict without resorting to violence.All concerned adults should take a youth's threat to shoot someone as seriously as airport security guards take jokes about bombs. Students must be encouraged to tell teachers if a classmate threatens or jokes about violence. Administrators at schools around the country need to emphasize they will take such reports seriously, and that they will not identify any student who comes forward with such a report.More gun regulations probably won't stop these shootings, but gun owners and sellers must take more responsibility for keeping weapons away from young people. Gun owners should keep their guns unloaded, locked up and hidden away. Most car owners don't leave their keys in the car even when they park in their own garage; gun owners should be at least as careful with weapons.The federal government can't solve this problem. Schools alone can't solve it. More guns won't solve it. Americans must consciously create a culture that makes violence unacceptable. Parents need to stop allowing their children's minds to be polluted with violence. News media need to show more restraint and thought about how and what they report.The Colorado massacre is a national tragedy. More's the pity if Americans do not stop, reflect and vow to make it the last school massacre.31. One common feature of all the recent school massacres is that ______________________.A) they have all been carefully planned by hateful youngstersB) the killers have all failed to passed their examsC) they all occur in places that appear to be all rightD) the killers are all from disadvantaged families32. Children are less likely to become killers if _______________________.A) their parents succeed in teaching them respect and empathy for others' livesB) they study hard in school and get high scoresC) teachers stop telling meaningless jokes in classD) they follow the rules set by administrators at schools around the country33. Who does the author think should take the main responsibility for campus shootings?A) School authorities.B) The federal government.C) News media.D) The killers' parents.34. What is the most effective way to prevent school massacre from happening again?A) Reinforcing stricter laws and regulations.B) Introducing security guards onto campus.C) Creating a culture that makes violence unacceptable.D) Keeping weapons away from young people.35. From the passage we can infer that ___________________________.A) there were a lot of school massacres in inner-cities 10 years agoB) many people turn a blind eye to school massacreC) a youth's joke about violence is often ignored by other peopleD) most gun owners like to leave their guns in their carsPassage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:A new look at an asteroid orbiting the sun shows it could possibly smash into the Earth with tremendous force. But experts say the potential impact is still 872 years away, time enough for the speeding space rock to alter its course.(S4) Named 1950 DA, the asteroid -- 1 kilometer wide -- is the most threatening to the Earth of all of the known large asteroids, but the odds are only about one in 300 that it would impact the planet, researchers said."One in 300 is pretty long odds," said Jon D. Giorgini, a scientist in California. "I'm not personally going to worry about. It is so far in the future that lots of things could change." There are approximately 1,000 asteroids bigger than a kilometer that can pass near the Earth in their orbit of the sun. About 580 have been found and their orbits plotted. Of these, only 1950 DA represents a possible threat. Scientists continue an effort to identify all the other large asteroids that pass near the Earth, and it is their great hope that they don't find any that are greater threats.If 1950 DA did hit the Earth, said Giorgini, it would have planetwide effects, setting off fires, changing the weather and perhaps creating immense tidal waves. But it would not be a planet killer like the asteroid thought to have snuffed out the dinosaurs some 65 million years ago.Asteroid 1950 DA was first discovered in 1950, but then not noted in astronomy logs again for decades. It was rediscovered in the year 2000 and in March 2001 whizzed within about 77 million miles of Earth, giving astronomers an opportunity to gather visual and radar readings. From that, the astronomers projected the orbital path 1950 DA would take on its next 15 near passes of the Earth -- over a period covering nearly nine centuries. For the 15th near pass, on March 16, 2880, the analysis showed it was mathematically possible, though unlikely, that the asteroid could hit the Earth.He said the highest probability is that the asteroid in 2880 will miss the Earth by about 290,000 kilometers -- a distance closer than the 370,000-kilometer orbit of the Moon around the Earth.36. Talking about asteroids, the writer tells us that __________.A) nothing can alter the course of an asteroid in its orbit of the sunB) it usually takes 300 years for scientists to discover an asteroidC) scientists have managed to identify all the asteroids orbiting the sunD) there is no immediate threat to the Earth from an asteroid right now37. We can infer from the passage that __________________________.A) larger asteroids are more likely to smash into the EarthB) an asteroid will probably just miss the Earth in 2880C) asteroids will eventually destroy everything on EarthD) no asteroid was noted in astronomy logs before 195038. Judging from the context, the word "whizzed" (in Paragraph 6) most probably means ________________________________.A) kept turning aroundB) went into and out of its orbit quicklyC) moved very fastD) exploded all the while39. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A) Scientists have managed to know everything about asteroid 1950 DA.B) Many people seem to be worried about the predicted asteroid smash.C) Scientists are still quite optimistic about man's future.D) The Earth is faced with frequent threats from space.40. The best title for the passage is _____________________________.A) Possible Asteroid Smash in 2880B) New Discoveries about 1950 DAC) Asteroids in the Solar SystemD) Earth -- an Unsafe Place for LifeVocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.41. As people's living standards improve, the health and beauty business is __________ with more sophisticated products than ever before.A) astonishing B) flourishing C) exaggerating D) diminishing42. The __________ of older persons is relatively low in developing countries, but it is growing much faster than in the West.A) addition B) majority C) percentage D) statistic43. Makers of consumer electronics will pay for environmental sanitation services to collect and __________ used refrigerators, computers and televisions under the new rules.A) discharge B) distribute C) dispose of D) deal with44. As some of the rules concerning foreign trade ran contrary to the principles of the WTO, the government decided to __________ them as soon as possible.A) abolish B) accomplish C) distinguish D) establish45. As the semester is drawing to an end, the student union is calling on all the students to __________ the temptation to cheat on exams.A) refuse B) reject C) resist D) resolve46. In the last few years, the Internet and the World Wide Web have become __________ words; almost everyone has heard of them.A) family B) home C) house D) household47. Vicki never worried or hesitated about anything, she just __________ it and almost always got whatever she wanted.A) went by B) went for C) went over D) went with48. The reason 800 million people go hungry today is not that there isn't enough food in the world, __________ that these people cannot get the food anyway.A) but B) despite C) even D) except49. As she matured as an artist, she __________ realize that "all artists are a product of their culture."A) came to B) kept to C) took to D) went to50. My son failed to come back home last night. This morning the police came to our house and __________ my worst fears that he was injured in a car accident.A) advocated B) confirmed C) insured D) promised51. Because of the mad cow disease, the European Union __________ a worldwide ban on British beef and beef product exports.A) challenged B) charged C) forged D) imposed52. The exhibition at the Shanghai Science and Technology Center _____________ such endangered animals as the giant panda and the Siberian tiger and describes the work being done to protect them.A) detects B) exploits C) features D) demonstrates53. A computer file is a collection of __________ data, used to organize the storage and processing of data by computer.A) electrical B) artificial C) electronic D) genuine54. To protect the environment, scientists and engineers are researching ways to __________ electricity more cheaply from such renewable energy sources as the wind and sun.A) generate B) manufacture C) construct D) transform55. In social dancing, the participants dance for their own pleasure rather than for the __________ of an audience.A) appreciation B) entertainment C) leisure D) temptation56. Wireless waste from cell phones, pocket PCs, and music players __________ special problems because they have toxic chemicals in batteries and other components.A) expose B) commit C) pose D) transport57. Scientists have discovered many planets orbiting distant stars, all are __________ to life.A) unlikely B) unfriendly C) forbidden D) vulnerable58. A healthy and better-educated new generation is a __________ for sustainable economic and social development of all countries.A) guarantee B) security C) demand D) target59. Parks and open spaces are essential to the quality of life in dense __________ areas such as New York City.A) agricultural B) rural C) suburban D) urban60. My trip to the small village under the control of the enemy fire was full of delays and difficulties, but I eventually __________.A) got by B) turned it over C) hit the sack D) made it61. For traditional Chinese painters, fame and fortune come late, and it is __________ for artists to hold their first exhibitions when they are over seventy years old.A) hardly common B) less frequent C) not unheard of D) just usual62. A remote-controlled bomb exploded outside a hotel near the town square yesterday, __________ at least 12 people.A) having been injured B) having injured C) injured D) injuring63. When energy is converted from one form to another, some energy is always lost as heat. __________, no energy conversion is ever 100% efficient.A) In other terms B) In other words C) In another way D) In some way64. While freshmen are considered part of the academic elite, some of them appear to lack common sense __________ following traffic regulations.A) coming to B) when coming to C) when it comes to D) when they come to65. A man who is good enough to shed his blood for his country is good enough __________a fair deal afterwards.A) being given B) been given C) given D) to be given66. NASA's Mars program was set back when two spacecraft failed up reaching Mars, one __________ up in the planet's atmosphere and the other __________ after a software failure.A) burned; disappeared B) burned; disappearing C) burning; disappearingD) burning; disappeared67. After a very busy schedule in the past two months, Kenneth plans to take things __________ for a while.A) at ease B) easily C) easy D) with ease68. I just wonder if __________ ever __________ that you could have your own enterprise and run it yourself when you were still a student.A) it ... occurred B) you ... occurred to it C) it ... occurred to you D) you ... occurred69. Bicycle riders want the city government to set aside special lanes for bicycles on some of the main streets, but though they have got some supporters, __________ likes the idea.A) everyone B) not everyone C) no one D) someone70. It can be said without exaggeration that no part of the United States is not easily accessible by car, by train, or by air, and __________ by all the three of them.A) more often than B) more often than not C) no more often than D) less often thanTranslation (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, there are four items, each consisting of one or two sentences for you to translate into Chinese. These sentences are all taken from the Reading Passages you have just read in Part Two of Test Paper One. You should refer back to the passages so as to identify their meaning in the context.(S1) People can make use of any time and any place at their convenience to take part in sports.(S2) It is evident in the everyday encounters African-Americans have with racial prejudice and discrimination, like the valet parking incident.(S3) These killers haven't been from impoverished or extremely violent families. They don't appear to have been picked on any worse than kids have been for generations.(S4) Named 1950 DA, the asteroid -- 1 kilometer wide -- is the most threatening to the Earth of all of the known large asteroids, but the odds are only about one in 300 that it would impact the planet, researchers said.Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic My Views on Campus Security. You should write at least 130 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below.1．校园治安问题对学生可能造成的影响2．对如何搞好校园治安的建议。

第三单元测评第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1.What did the man think of the play?A.It was interesting.B.It was moving.C.It was boring.2.What can we learn from the conversation?A.The man will return the magazine.B.The magazine is gone.C.The woman will buy a new magazine.3.What will John have for dinner?A.Noodles.B.Pizza.C.Fish and chips.4.Who probably knows the exact location of the supermarket?A.Julie.B.Lily.C.Anna.5.What does the man mean?A.He doesn’t like the hats.B.He wants the woman to buy all the hats.C.He doesn’t think the woman can afford all the hats.其次节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。

6.When will the woman meet the man?A.On Friday.B.On Sunday.C.On Saturday.7.What does the woman usually do at two o’clock?A.She has a break.B.She has a meeting.C.She has lunch.听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。

Chapter 2 Programming Exercises欧阳学文PE 2­‐1/* Programming Exercise 21 */#include<stdio.h> intmain(void){ printf("GustavMahler\n");printf("Gustav\nMahler\n");printf("Gustav ");printf("Mahler\n");return 0;}PE 2­‐3/* Programming Exercise 23 */#include<stdio.h> intmain(void){ int ageyears; /* age inyears */ int agedays; /*age in days *//* large ages may require the longtype */ ageyears = 101; agedays = 365 * ageyears;printf("An age of %d years is %d days.\n", ageyears, agedays); return 0;}PE 2­‐4/* Programming Exercise 24 */#include<stdio.h>voidjolly(void);voiddeny(void);intmain(void){ jolly();jolly();jolly();deny();return0; }void jolly(void){printf("For he's a jolly good fellow!\n"); }void deny(void){printf("Which nobody can deny!\n"); }PE 2­‐6/* Programming Exercise 26 */#include<stdio.h> intmain(void){ inttoes;toes =10;printf("toes = %d\n", toes);printf("Twice toes = %d\n", 2 * toes);printf("toes squared = %d\n", toes * toes);return 0;}/* or create two more variables, set them to 2 * toes and toes * toes */PE 2­‐8/* Programming Exercise 28 */#include<stdio.h>voidone_three(void); voidtwo(void); intmain(void){printf("startingnow:\n");one_three();printf("done!\n");return 0;}void one_three(void){printf("one\n");two();printf("three\n");}void two(void){printf("two\n");}Chapter 3 Programming Exercises PE 3­‐2/* Programming Exercise 32 */#include<stdio.h> intmain(void){intascii;printf("Enter an ASCII code: "); scanf("%d", &ascii);printf("%d is the ASCII code for %c.\n", ascii, ascii); return 0;}PE 3­‐4/* Programming Exercise 34 */#include<stdio.h> intmain(void){ float num;printf("Enter a floatingpoint value: "); scanf("%f", &num);printf("fixedpointnotation: %f\n", num);printf("exponentialnotation: %e\n", num); printf("p notation: %a\n", num); return 0;}PE 3­‐6/* Programming Exercise 36 */#include<stdio.h> intmain(void){float mass_mol = 3.0e23; /* mass of watermolecule in grams */ float mass_qt = 950; /*mass of quart of water in grams */ float quarts;float molecules;printf("Enter the number of quarts of water: ");scanf("%f", &quarts);molecules = quarts * mass_qt / mass_mol;printf("%f quarts of water contain %e molecules.\n", quarts, molecules); return 0;}Chapter 4 Programming ExercisesPE 4­‐1/* Programming Exercise 41 */#include<stdio.h> intmain(void){ charfname[40];charlname[40];printf("Enter your first name: "); scanf("%s", fname); printf("Enteryour last name: ");scanf("%s", lname);printf("%s, %s\n", lname, fname); return 0;}PE 4­‐4/* Programming Exercise 44 */ #include<stdio.h> intmain(void){ floatheight;charname[40];printf("Enter your height in inches: "); scanf("%f",&height); printf("Enter yourname: "); scanf("%s", name);printf("%s, you are %.3f feet tall\n", name, height / 12.0);return0;}PE 4­‐7/* Programming Exercise 47 */#include<stdio.h>#include<float.h> intmain(void){ float ot_f = 1.0/ 3.0; doubleot_d = 1.0 / 3.0;printf(" float values:");printf("%.4f %.12f %.16f\n", ot_f, ot_f, ot_f); printf("double values: ");printf("%.4f %.12f %.16f\n", ot_d,ot_d, ot_d);printf("FLT_DIG: %d\n", FLT_DIG); printf("DBL_DIG: %d\n",DBL_DIG); return 0;}Chapter 5 Programming Exercises PE 5­‐1/* Programming Exercise 51 */#include<stdio.h> intmain(void){ const intminperhour = 60;int minutes, hours,mins;printf("Enter the number of minutes to convert: "); scanf("%d", &minutes); while (minutes > 0 ){ hours = minutes/ minperhour; mins =minutes % minperhour;printf("%d minutes = %d hours, %d minutes\n", minutes, hours, mins); printf("Enter next minutes value (0 to quit): "); scanf("%d", &minutes);}printf("Bye\n");return0;}PE 5­‐3/* Programming Exercise 53 */#include<stdio.h> intmain(void){ const intdaysperweek = 7;int days, weeks,day_rem;printf("Enter the number ofdays: "); scanf("%d", &days);while (days > 0){ weeks = days /daysperweek; day_rem= days % daysperweek;printf("%d days are %d weeks and %ddays.\n", days, weeks, day_rem);printf("Enter the number of days (0 or less to end): "); scanf("%d", &days);}printf("Done!\n");return 0;}PE 5­‐5/* Programming Exercise 55*/ #include <stdio.h>int main(void) /* finds sum of first n integers */{int count,sum;int n;printf("Enter the upperlimit: "); scanf("%d", &n);count = 0;sum = 0;while (count++ < n)sum = sum + count;printf("sum = %d\n",sum); return 0;}PE 5­‐7/* ProgrammingExercise 57 */#include <stdio.h>voidshowCube(double x);int main(void) /* finds cube of entered number */ { double val;printf("Enter a floatingpointvalue: "); scanf("%lf", &val);showCube(val); return 0; }void showCube(double x){printf("The cube of %e is %e.\n", x, x*x*x );}Chapter 6 Programming ExercisesPE 6­‐1/* pe61.c *//* this implementation assumes the character codes */ /* are sequential, as they are in ASCII. */#include <stdio.h>#define SIZE 26 intmain( void ) { charlcase[SIZE]; int i;for (i = 0; i < SIZE;i++) lcase[i] = 'a'+ i; for (i = 0; i <SIZE; i++)printf("%c", lcase[i]);printf("\n");return 0;}PE 6­‐3/* pe63.c *//* this implementation assumes the character codes */ /* are sequential, as they are in ASCII. */#include<stdio.h> intmain( void ){ char let= 'F';char start;char end;for (end = let; end >= 'A'; end) {for (start = let; start >= end; start) printf("%c", start); printf("\n");}return0;}PE 6­‐6/* pe66.c */#include<stdio.h> intmain( void ){ int lower,upper, index; intsquare, cube;printf("Enter startinginteger: "); scanf("%d",&lower); printf("Enterending integer: ");scanf("%d", &upper);printf("%5s %10s %15s\n", "num", "square", "cube"); for (index = lower;index <= upper; index++){ square =index * index;cube = index * square;printf("%5d %10d %15d\n", index, square, cube); }return0;}PE 6­‐8/* pe68.c */#include<stdio.h> intmain( void ){ double n, m;doubleres;printf("Enter a pair of numbers: ");while (scanf("%lf %lf", &n, &m) == 2){res = (n m) / (n * m);printf("(%.3g %.3g)/(%.3g*%.3g) = %.5g\n", n, m, n, m, res); printf("Enter next pair (nonnumeric to quit): ");}return 0;}PE 6­‐11/* pe611.c */#include<stdio.h>#defineSIZE 8 intmain( void ){ intvals[SIZE];int i;printf("Please enter %dintegers.\n", SIZE); for (i = 0; i <SIZE; i++) scanf("%d",&vals[i]);printf("Here, in reverse order, are the values you entered:\n"); for (i = SIZE 1; i >= 0; i) printf("%d ", vals[i]); printf("\n"); return 0;}PE 6­‐13/* pe613.c *//* This version starts with the 0 power */#include<stdio.h>#defineSIZE 8 intmain( void ){inttwopows[SIZE];int i;int value = 1; /* 2 to the 0 */for (i = 0; i < SIZE; i++){ twopows[i]= value; value*= 2;}i =0;do{printf("%d ",twopows[i]);i++; } while (i <SIZE); printf("\n"); return 0;}PE 6­‐14/* pe14.c *//* Programming Exercise 614 */ #include<stdio.h>#defineSIZE 8 intmain(void){ doublearr[SIZE];doublearr_cumul[SIZE];int i;printf("Enter %d numbers:\n", SIZE);for (i = 0; i < SIZE; i++){printf("value #%d: ", i+ 1); scanf("%lf",&arr[i]); /* or scanf("%lf", arr + i); */}arr_cumul[0] = arr[0]; /* set first element */ for (i = 1; i < SIZE; i++) arr_cumul[i] = arr_cumul[i1] + arr[i]; for (i = 0; i < SIZE;i++) printf("%8g ",arr[i]); printf("\n");for (i = 0; i < SIZE; i++)printf("%8g ", arr_cumul[i]);printf("\n");return 0;}PE 6­‐16/* pe616.c */#include <stdio.h>#define RATE_SIMP 0.10#defineRATE_COMP0.05 #defineINIT_AMT 100.0int main( void ){double daphne =INIT_AMT;double deidre =INIT_AMT; intyears = 0;while (deidre <= daphne){ daphne +=RATE_SIMP * INIT_AMT; deidre += RATE_COMP * deidre;++years;}printf("Investment values after %d years:\n", years); printf("Daphne: $%.2f\n", daphne); printf("Deidre: $%.2f\n", deidre); return 0;}Chapter 7 Programming Exercises PE 7­‐1/* ProgrammingExercise 71 */#include <stdio.h>int main(void){ charch; intsp_ct = 0;int nl_ct =0; intother = 0;while ((ch =getchar()) != '#'){if (ch == ' ')sp_ct++; elseif (ch == '\n')nl_ct++; elseother++;}printf("spaces: %d, newlines: %d, others: %d\n", sp_ct, nl_ct, other);return0;}PE 7­‐3/* Programming Exercise 73 */#include<stdio.h> intmain(void){ int n;double sumeven= 0.0; intct_even = 0;double sumodd =0.0; int ct_odd= 0;while (scanf("%d", &n) == 1 && n != 0){if (n % 2 == 0){sumeven += n;++ct_even;}else // n % 2 is either 1 or 1{sumodd += n;++ct_odd;} }printf("Number of evens: %d",ct_even); if (ct_even > 0)printf(" average: %g", sumeven / ct_even); putchar('\n');printf("Number of odds: %d",ct_odd); if (ct_odd > 0)printf(" average: %g", sumodd / ct_odd); putchar('\n');printf("\ndone\n");return0;}PE 7­‐5/* Programming Exercise 75 */#include<stdio.h> intmain(void){ charch; intct1 = 0;int ct2 =0;while ((ch=getchar())!= '#'){switch(ch){case '.' : putchar('!'); ++ct1;break; case '!' :putchar('!');putchar('!');++ct2;break; default :putchar(ch);} }printf("%d replacement(s) of . with !\n", ct1); printf("%d replacement(s) of ! with !!\n", ct2);return0;}PE 7­‐7// Programming Exercise 77#include <stdio.h>#define BASEPAY 10 // $10 per hour#define BASEHRS 40 // hours at basepay #define OVERTIME 1.5 // 1.5 time#define AMT1 300 // 1st rate tier#define AMT2 150 // 2st rate tier#define RATE1 0.15 // rate for 1st tier#define RATE2 0.20 // rate for2nd tier #define RATE3 0.25 //rate for 3rd tier int main(void){doublehours;double gross;double net;double taxes;printf("Enter the number of hours workedthis week: "); scanf("%lf", &hours); if(hours <= BASEHRS) gross = hours *BASEPAY; elsegross = BASEHRS * BASEPAY + (hours BASEHRS)* BASEPAY * OVERTIME; if (gross <= AMT1)taxes = gross * RATE1; else if (gross <= AMT1 + AMT2)taxes = AMT1 * RATE1 + (gross AMT1)* RATE2; elsetaxes = AMT1 * RATE1 + AMT2 * RATE2 + (grossAMT1 AMT2) * RATE3; net = gross taxes;printf("gross: $%.2f; taxes: $%.2f; net: $%.2f\n", gross, taxes, net);return0;}PE 7­‐9/* Programming Exercise 79 */#include<stdio.h>#include<stdbool.h> intmain(void){intlimit;int num;int div;bool numIsPrime; // use int if stdbool.h not available printf("Enter a positive integer: ");while (scanf("%d", &limit) == 1 &&limit > 0){if (limit > 1)printf("Here are the prime numbers upthrough %d\n", limit); elseprintf("No primes.\n");for (num = 2; num <= limit;num++){for (div = 2, numIsPrime = true; (div * div) <= num; div++) if (num % div == 0) numIsPrime = false; if (numIsPrime)printf("%d is prime.\n", num);}printf("Enter a positive integer (q to quit): ");}printf("Done!\n");return 0;}PE 7­‐11/* pe711.c *//* Programming Exercise 711 */#include<stdio.h>#include<ctype.h> intmain(void){const doubleprice_artichokes = 2.05; const double price_beets = 1.15; const doubleprice_carrots = 1.09; const double DISCOUNT_RATE = 0.05; const double under5 = 6.50; const double under20 = 14.00; const double base20 = 14.00; const double extralb = 0.50;charch;doublelb_artichokes = 0;double lb_beets =0; doublelb_carrots = 0;double lb_temp;double lb_total;doublecost_artichokes;doublecost_beets;doublecost_carrots;double cost_total;doublefinal_total;double discount;double shipping;printf("Enter a to buy artichokes, b for beets, "); printf("c for carrots, q to quit: "); while ((ch = getchar()) != 'q' && ch != 'Q'){ if (ch == '\n') continue; while(getchar() != '\n')continue; ch =tolower(ch);switch (ch) {case 'a' : printf("Enter pounds of artichokes: "); scanf("%lf",&lb_temp); lb_artichokes +=lb_temp; break;case 'b' : printf("Enter pounds ofbeets: "); scanf("%lf",&lb_temp); lb_beets +=lb_temp; break;case 'c' : printf("Enter pounds of carrots: "); scanf("%lf",&lb_temp); lb_carrots +=lb_temp; break;default : printf("%c is not a valid choice.\n", ch);}printf("Enter a to buy artichokes, b for beets, "); printf("c for carrots, q to quit: ");}cost_artichokes = price_artichokes *lb_artichokes; cost_beets = price_beets *lb_beets; cost_carrots = price_carrots *lb_carrots; cost_total = cost_artichokes + cost_beets + cost_carrots; lb_total =lb_artichokes + lb_beets + lb_carrots; if (lb_total <= 0) shipping = 0.0; else if (lb_total < 5.0) shipping = under5; else if (lb_total < 20) shipping = under20; else shipping = base20 + extralb *lb_total; if (cost_total > 100.0)discount =DISCOUNT_RATE * cost_total;else discount = 0.0;final_total = cost_total + shipping discount; printf("Your order:\n");printf("%.2f lbs of artichokes at $%.2f per pound:$ %.2f\n", lb_artichokes, price_artichokes, cost_artichokes);printf("%.2f lbs of beets at $%.2f per pound: $%.2f\n", lb_beets, price_beets,cost_beets); printf("%.2f lbs of carrots at $%.2f per pound: $%.2f\n", lb_carrots, price_carrots, cost_carrots); printf("Total cost of vegetables: $%.2f\n", cost_total); if (cost_total > 100)printf("Volume discount: $%.2f\n", discount); printf("Shipping: $%.2f\n", shipping); printf("Total charges:$%.2f\n", final_total); return 0; } Chapter 8 Programming Exercises PE 8­‐1/* Programming Exercise 81 */#include <stdio.h>int main(void) { int ch;int ct = 0; while((ch = getchar()) != EOF)ct++;printf("%d characters read\n", ct);return0;}PE 8­‐3/* Programming Exercise 83 *//* Using ctype.h eliminates need to assume consecutive coding */#include<stdio.h>#include<ctype.h> intmain(void){ int ch;unsigned long uct= 0; unsignedlong lct = 0;unsigned long oct= 0;while ((ch =getchar()) != EOF)if (isupper(ch))uct++; else if(islower(ch))lct++; elseoct++;printf("%lu uppercase characters read\n", uct); printf("%lu lowercase characters read\n", lct); printf("%lu other characters read\n", oct);return0;}/* or you coulduse if (ch >= 'A'&& ch <= 'Z')uct++;else if (ch >= 'a' && ch<= 'z') lct++; elseoct++;*/PE 8­‐5/* Programming Exercise 85 *//* binaryguess.c an improved numberguesser */ /* but relies upon truthful, correct responses */#include <stdio.h>#include <ctype.h>int main(void) { inthigh = 100; int low= 1; int guess =(high + low) / 2;char response;printf("Pick an integer from 1 to 100. I will try to guess "); printf("it.\nRespond with a y if my guess is right, with");printf("\na h if it is high, and with an l if it is low.\n");printf("Uh...is your number %d?\n", guess);while ((response = getchar()) != 'y') /* get response */{if (response == '\n')continue;if (response != 'h' && response != 'l'){printf("I don't understand that response. Please enterh for\n"); printf("high, l for low, or y for correct.\n"); continue;}if (response == 'h')high = guess 1;else if (response == 'l')low = guess + 1;guess = (high + low)/ 2;printf("Well, then, is it %d?\n", guess);}printf("I knew I could doit!\n"); return 0;}PE 8­‐7/* Programming Exercise 87 */#include <stdio.h>#include <ctype.h>#include <stdio.h>#define BASEPAY1 8.75 // $8.75 per hour #define BASEPAY2 9.33 // $9.33 per hour #define BASEPAY3 10.00 // $10.00 per hour #define BASEPAY4 11.20 // $11.20 per hour #define BASEHRS 40 // hours at basepay #define OVERTIME 1.5 // 1.5 time#define AMT1 300 // 1st rate tier#define AMT2 150 // 2st rate tier#define RATE1 0.15 // rate for 1st tier #define RATE2 0.20 // ratefor 2nd tier #define RATE3 0.25// rate for 3rd tier int getfirst(void);void menu(void); int main(void){ doublehours;doublegross;double net;doubletaxes;double pay;charresponse;menu();while ((response = getfirst()) != 'q'){if (response == '\n') /* skip over newlines */ continue;response = tolower(response); /* accept A as a, etc.*/ switch (response){case 'a': pay = BASEPAY1;break; case 'b': pay =BASEPAY2; break; case 'c':pay = BASEPAY3; break; case'd': pay = BASEPAY4; break;default : printf("Please enter a, b, c, d, or q.\n"); menu();continue; // go to beginning of loop}printf("Enter the number of hours workedthis week: "); scanf("%lf", &hours); if(hours <= BASEHRS) gross = hours *pay; elsegross = BASEHRS * pay + (hours BASEHRS) *pay * OVERTIME; if (gross <= AMT1)taxes = gross * RATE1; else if (gross <= AMT1 +AMT2)taxes = AMT1 * RATE1 + (gross AMT1)* RATE2; elsetaxes = AMT1 * RATE1 + AMT2 * RATE2 + (gross AMT1 AMT2) * RATE3; net = gross taxes;printf("gross: $%.2f; taxes: $%.2f; net: $%.2f\n", gross, taxes, net); menu(); }printf("Done.\n");return0;}void menu(void){printf("********************************************************""*********\n");printf("Enter the letter corresponding to the desired pay rate"" or action:\n");printf("a) $%4.2f/hr b) $%4.2f/hr\n", BASEPAY1, BASEPAY2);printf("c) $%5.2f/hr d) $%5.2f/hr\n", BASEPAY3, BASEPAY4); printf("q)quit\n");printf("*********************************************** *********""*********\n");}int getfirst(void){intch;ch = getchar();while (isspace(ch))ch = getchar();while (getchar() !='\n') continue;return ch;}Chapter 9 Programming ExercisesPE 9­‐1/* Programming Exercise 91 */#include <stdio.h>double min(double,double); int main(void){double x, y; printf("Entertwo numbers (q to quit): ");while (scanf("%lf %lf", &x, &y) ==2){ printf("The smaller numberis %f.\n", min(x,y)); printf("Next two values (q to quit): ");}printf("Bye!\n");return0;}double min(double a, double b){return a < b ? a : b;}/* alternative implementation doublemin(double a, double b){ if (a< b)return a;elsereturn b;}*/PE 9­‐3/* Programming Exercise 93 */#include <stdio.h>void chLineRow(char ch, int c,int r); int main(void){ char ch; int col, row; printf("Enter a character (# to quit): "); while ( (ch = getchar()) != '#') { if (ch== '\n')continue;printf("Enter number of columns and number of rows: "); if (scanf("%d %d", &col, &row) != 2) break; chLineRow(ch, col, row);printf("\nEnter next character (# to quit): "); }printf("Bye!\n");return0;}// start rows and cols at 0void chLineRow(char ch,int c, int r){int col, row;for (row = 0; row < r ; row++){for (col = 0; col < c;col++) putchar(ch);putchar('\n');}return;}PE 9­‐5/* Programming Exercise 95 */#include <stdio.h>void larger_of(double *p1,double *p2); int main(void){double x, y; printf("Entertwo numbers (q to quit): ");while (scanf("%lf %lf", &x, &y) ==2){larger_of(&x, &y);printf("The modified values are %f and %f.\n", x, y); printf("Next two values (q to quit): ");}printf("Bye!\n");return0;}void larger_of(double *p1, double *p2) { if(*p1 > *p2)*p2 = *p1;else*p1 = *p2;}// alternatively:/*void larger_of(double *p1, double *p2) {*p1= *p2 = *p1 > *p2 ? *p1 : *p2; }*/PE 9­‐8/* Programming Exercise 98*/ #include <stdio.h>double power(double a, int b); /* ANSI prototype */ int main(void) { double x,xpow; int n; printf("Enter a number andthe integer power"); printf(" to which\nthe number will be raised. Enter q"); printf(" toquit.\n"); while (scanf("%lf%d", &x, &n)== 2){ xpow = power(x,n); /* function call */ printf("%.3g to the power %dis %.5g\n", x, n, xpow); printf("Enter nextpair of numbers or q to quit.\n");} printf("Hope you enjoyed this powertrip bye!\n"); return 0;} double power(double a, int b) /* function definition */{ doublepow = 1;int i; if(b == 0){ if (a== 0)printf("0 to the 0 undefined; using 1 as thevalue\n"); pow = 1.0; } else if (a == 0) pow = 0.0; else if (b > 0) for(i = 1; i <= b;i++) pow *= a; else /* b < 0 */ pow = 1.0 / power(a, b);return pow; /* return the value of pow */ }PE 9­‐10/* Programming Exercise 910 */#include <stdio.h> voidto_base_n(int x, int base); intmain(void) { int number; int b;int count; printf("Enter aninteger (q to quit):\n"); while(scanf("%d", &number) == 1){ printf("Enter numberbase (210): "); while ((count= scanf("%d", &b))== 1&& (b < 2 || b > 10)){printf("base should be in the range 210: ");} if(count != 1)break;。

PracticeTestOnePractice Test OneSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.News item 1Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A. Car sales grew rapidly. B. Car sales declined as a whole.C. Gas prices went up.D. Demand for trucks and SUVs rose.2. A. Rise in car prices. B. Decline in gas prices.C. Overall drop in auto stocks.D. Increased customer need to buy cars.News item 2Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A. Rich people tend to be less anxious than poor people.B. Men are less likely to experience anxiety than women.C. People from North America are unlikely to suffer from anxiety.D. People having heart diseases tend to worry more than people having cancer.4. A. Potentially stressful situations.B. Unpredictable worry or fear.C. Physical problems related to health.D. Mental health problems quite common in the West.News item 3Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A. A few hours after a wildfire broke out.B. When much of Alberta was destroyed.C. After oil companies in Alberta were forced to cut their output.D. After a wildfire forced all the residents in Fort McMurray to flee their city.6. A. Because there were no enough staff working.B. Because much of the equipment had been destroyed.C. Because those not in key positions could therefore leave the area.D. Because many pipelines had caught fire, thus threatening people there.7. A. It destroyed many buildings.B. It caused many deaths and injuries.C. It made many people jobless.D. It was held under control a few hours after it broke out.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.Conversation 1Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A. He’s going to teach in Scotland.B. He’s going back home to Scotland.C. He’s got tired of teaching in the department.D. He’s not on speaking terms with most of his colleagues.9. A. He’s quite demanding.B. His lectures are very interesting.C. He’s very enthusiastic about department activities.D. He’s pretty hard on the students who get poor grades.10. A. They should get extremely high grades.B. They should go to parties quite often.C. They should work hard to meet high standards.D. They should go over lecture notes before the final exams.11. A. It depresses him. B. It stops him from going to classes.C. It makes him play sports more.D. It makes him work harder.Conversation 2Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A. One of a very old model. B. One of a famous brand.C. One with basic functions.D. One with sophisticated functions.13. A. If it’s too big, he may break it.B. If it’s too sma ll, he may drop it.C. It will be quite convenient to be carried around.D. It will be too heavy or he may lose it in either case.14. A. It is lightweight. B. It is the newest model.C. It can be used worldwide.D. It can be used in the car.15. A. The battery will last longer. B. It is quite efficient to use.C. It is quite small in size.D. The screen is quite large.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Passage 1Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A. Various oils used in cooking.B. Ways of protecting food from insects.C. The behavior of a kind of beetle.D. Smells produced by different grasses.17. A. They were very heavy.B. They did not contain much food.C. Beetles avoided them.D. Many insects were trapped in them.18. A. How safe it is.B. What chemicals it has.C. Where it comes from.D. Why beetles like it.Passage 2Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A. To develop a new type of transport.B. To improve the efficiency of current transportation system.C. To find out whether transportation systems in big cities are too complex.D. To compare different types of transportation.20. A. 15. B. 250. C. 25. D. 235.21. A. Redesigning the maps.B. Making better use of public transport.C. Handing out more brochures.D. Asking more people for help.Passage 3Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A. The palolo. B. The spider. C. The lion. D. The herring gull.23. A. The social organization in which pairs bring up their young.B. How many chicks each pair raise.C. How long they spend together.D. Whether the male and female raise the chicks.24. A. They live separately and come together for some activities.B. They live in a group and do all activities together.C. They spend the day separately and the night together.D. They live in a group and do some activities together.25. A. They are made up of male and female bees.B. They could not survive alone.C. They carry out different tasks depending on their age.D. They live in a social structure unlike that of any other animals.Practice Test OneScript and Answer KeySection ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the bestanswer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.News item 1Most major car makers reported lousy（糟糕的）sales in May. Sales fell at GM, Ford, Toyota and Honda. Fiat Chrysler was the only major auto company to buck the trend, extending the company’s impressive sales growth for 74 consecutive months. Still, sales were up only 1.1% though, led mainly by strong demand for its Jeep brand.Up until recently, the auto industry has been a bright spot for the U.S. economy. Sales hit a record last year, thanks to robust demand for trucks and SUVs as gas prices remained low. But the slowdown in May is a troubling sign—especially now that energy prices have surged in the past few months. This has taken a toll on auto stocks. Ford is down more than 6% this year. GM has fallen 11%. Toyota and Honda are each down about 15% and Fiat Chrysler has plunged nearly 25%. With gas prices increasing, consumers may also increasingly choose to lease a car instead of buying one.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. What happened to most major car companies in May?2. According to the news report, what has the recent slowdown in the auto industry brought about?KEY1. B2. CNews item 2Women are almost twice as likely to experience anxiety as men, according to a review of existing scientific literature, led by the University of Cambridge. The study also found that peoplefrom Western Europe and North America are more likely to suffer from anxiety than people from other cultures. The review, published today in the journal Brain and Behavior, also highlighted how anxiety disorders often provide a double burden on people experiencing other health-related problems, such as heart disease, cancer and even pregnancy.Anxiety disorders, which often manifest as excessive worry, fear and a tendency to avoid potentially stressful situations including social gatherings, are some of the most common mental health problems in the Western world. The annual cost related to the disorders in the United States is estimated to be $42.3 million. In the European Union, over 60 million people are affected by anxiety disorders in a given year.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. According to the news report, which of the following is true?4. Which of the following does anxiety disorder refer to?KEY3. B4. DNews item 3A state of emergency has been declared in the province of Alberta in Canada after a wildfire forced all 88,000 residents of Fort McMurray to flee.Officials say the fast-moving blaze could destroy much of the city.The fire, which broke out on Sunday in the heart on the country’s oil sands region, has gutted （摧毁）1,600 buildings, including a new school.The evacuation（疏散）was largest-ever in Alberta. Oil companies operating in the area have been forced to cut output.Several firms have shut down some pipelines. This was done to help evacuate nonessential personnel, reports say.So far there have been no reports of deaths or injuries in the wildfire, but two women gave birth in one evacuation center, Reuters reported.Bernie Schmitte, an official at Alberta’s Agriculture Ministry, said on Wednesday that the “catastrophic fire” had so far “resisted all suppression methods.”First Nation communities 30 miles south of the city were given mandatory（强制性的）evacuation orders on Wednesday.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. When was a state of emergency declared in Alberta, Canada?6. Why did some oil companies temporarily close some of their pipelines?7. According to the news report, which of the following is mentioned as a consequence of the Alberta fire?KEY5. D6. C7. ASection BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.Conversation 1M: Have you heard that Professor John is going to be leaving the department soon?He’s going back home to Scotland.W: Really? I didn’t know that.M: Were you ever in one of his classes?W: No, but I’ve heard a lot about the guy. Seems he’s a pretty demanding type. What do you think of him as a lecturer?M: He certainly knows his stuff, and his lectures are quite interesting. But he has extremely high standards and expects everyone to meet these standards. Of course not everyone is that capable.W: So you’re saying he’s pretty hard on the students who don’t get good grades?M: Well, it’s more than that. You kind of get the feeling that he looks down on you if you’re not a genius.W: Yeah, but university students should really be able to perform to a high level. His problem is not with the ability of some students, but with their attitude towards study.M: There certainly are people who don’t work as hard as they could. You know, always playing sports, going to parties, etc.W: How about you? What was he like to you?M: Not too bad, because I could always come up with some kind of answer for any question he put to me.W: So do you think that kind of pressure made you work harder in that subject?M: I suppose it did really. There was always the thought in the back of your mind that if you didn’t prepare properly for Professor John’s lectures then there was a chance you’d end up looking silly during the classes.W: So it sounds like the extra pressure actually works.M: Well, maybe for me. Maybe more people should change their attitude towards study. I really feel sorry to see the old fellow leave myself.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. Why is Professor John leaving the department?9. What does the female student think of Professor John?10. What does the female student think university students should do?11. What effect does extra pressure have on the male student?KEY8. B 9. A 10. C 11. DConversation 2M: Excuse me, can you give me some information about purchasing a cellular phone?W: Of course, my pleasure. I will do my best to help you find a phone that suits your needs.M: Thanks. I won’t need anything too sophisticated, just your basic phone functions.W: Sure, let’s take a look. What about size, color or the brand?M: Well, I don’t really care what brand the cell phone is. But I don’t want a nything that is too big or too small. I want a phone that can fit nicely in my hand and in my pocket. If it is too big it might be too heavy, and if it is too small I might lose it. Color I don’t really care about either.Well, I don’t want a pink phone.W: OK. How about this one? This one is the R55, black, not too big, not too small, all the usual functions. The best feature ofR55 is that it can be used worldwide, even in Europe or Asia. M: It looks good. How much does it cost?W: Only $100.M: How old i s this model though? I don’t want anything too old.W: This model was introduced to the market about 3 years ago, so it is a bit older, but be assured, it will still work fine.M: Well, I still want something not as old. How about from last year? Any good phones from around that time?W: Yes, there are some. How about this one? It’s the new model of the phone you just looked at, called the W55. Most of the features are the same. There are some new features on the W55 though. The battery will last up to 2 days longer, and the overall weight of the phone is lighter. M: How much is this one?W: $150.M: OK, I think I will take this one.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. What kind of cellular phone does the man want?13. Why does the man want a phone neither too big nor too small?14. What is the best feature of the R55 phone?15. What advantage of the W55 phone is mentioned in the conversation?KEY12. C 13. D 14. C 15. ASection CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.Passage 1The longer food is kept, the more likely it is to attract insects. Even foods stored in containers often attract bugs. To solve this problem, scientists have been working with different odors in an attempt to find one strong enough to keep insects from going near food. One possibility would be to use plants with strong smells, like garlic or pine, to keep insects away. Unfortunately, however, using these smells might keep some people away too!A more promising repellent（防护剂）is citronella oil, which comes from a type of lemongrass. An experiment was done using this oil with a certain insect, the red flour beetle. Scientists sprayed cardboard boxes with citronella oil and noticed that the beetles did not enter those boxes. They were much more interested in boxes that were not sprayed.One problem with using citronella oil as a repellent, however, is that it is quite ephemeral—it simply does not last very long. After a few months it loses its smell, and bugs no longer find it unpleasant. Scientists hope to improve citronella oil so that its scent remains strong for a longer time. It will also be necessary to make sure that the oil is not harmful to people, as scientists are still not sure whether it is safe to use around food.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. What is the passage mainly about?17. What does the speaker say about the sprayed boxes?18. What do scientists still not know about citronella oil?KEY16. B 17. C 18. APassage 2Many of us know the feeling of standing in front of a subway map in a strange city, puzzled by the multi-colored web and seemingly unable to find a route from point A to point B.Now, a team of physicists and mathematicians has attempted to quantify this confusion and find out whether there is a point at which navigating a route through a complex urban transport system exceeds our cognitive limits.After analyzing the world’s 15 largest metropolitan（大都市的）transport networks, the researchers estimated that there is the cognitive limit for planning a trip. Additionally, this cognitive limit for transportation suggests that maps should not consist of more than 250 connection points to be easily readable.Using journeys with exactly two connections as their basis, the researchers found that navigating transport networks in major cities can come close to exceeding humans’cognitive powers.Human cognitive capacity is limited, and cities and their transportation networks have grown beyond human processing capability. In particular, the search for a simplest path becomes inefficient when a transportation system has too many interconnections. Put simply, the maps we currently have need to be rethought and redesigned in many cases. Journey-planner apps of course help, but the maps themselves need to be redesigned.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. What is the purpose of the team of experts?20. What is the maximum number of connections for maps to be easily readable?21. What do the experts suggest doing to help search for a simplest path?KEY19. C 20. B 21. APassage 3The palolo—a worm which lives on rocks in the sea—is one of very few animals which never have contact with other members of the same species. Others, such as spiders, are normally solitary, meeting only to mate (that is, to reproduce).Some species form social links only for the period while they are rearing their young. Among birds, European robins raise their chicks in a pair, away from other members of their species, while herring gulls form larger groups (colonies) consisting of many pairs living close together, each pair raising their chicks independently.Many species of fish and birds form large groups, called schools and flocks, respectively, and swim or fly together. Hens attack each other, and eventually establish a hierarchy（等级制度）based on their individual strength. Those at the top of the “pecking order” get to eat before the others.Finally, some animals spend most or all of their lives in social groups in which individuals co-operate. Lions, for instance, usually live in a relatively permanent group, called a pride, where some activities, such as hunting, are social and others, like sleeping, are solitary.Bees, wasps and ants live in stable, co-operative groups in which every activity is communal and organized. Worker bees (which are all female) have several jobs in succession, depending on their age. They begin with cleaning duties, and later become soldiers to defend the hive against intruders. Finally they fly outof the hive to collect food. Theirs is a highly complex social organization.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. Which of the following animals spends most, but not all its life, alone?23. In what way are European robins different from herring gulls?24. What is said about the life of lions?25. What point is made about worker bees?KEY22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C。

英语同步练习册及答案### English Practice Workbook and SolutionsChapter 1: Vocabulary EnhancementExercise 1: Word FormsTask: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the word given in brackets.1. The (adjective) of the river is breathtaking, especially at sunrise.2. She is an (noun) in the field of environmental science.3. The (verb) of the old building is a matter of great concern.4. The (adverb) he spoke was clear and concise.Answers:1. Beauty2. Expert3. Demolition4. WayExercise 2: Synonyms and AntonymsTask: Write the synonym or antonym of the given word.1. Synonym of "brave": Courageous2. Antonym of "humble": Arrogant3. Synonym of "innovative": Creative4. Antonym of "joy": SorrowChapter 2: Grammar MasteryExercise 1: TensesTask: Rewrite the sentences in the past continuous tense.1. She was reading a book when the phone rang.2. They were playing soccer in the park.3. The children were flying kites in the field.Answers:1. She was reading a book when the phone was ringing.2. They were playing soccer in the park.3. The children were flying kites in the field.Exercise 2: ConditionalsTask: Complete the sentences with the correct conditional form.1. If it (rain) tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.2. She (study) harder if she had more time.3. They (travel) to Japan if they won the lottery.Answers:1. If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.2. She would study harder if she had more time.3. They would travel to Japan if they won the lottery.Chapter 3: Reading ComprehensionExercise 1: Main IdeaTask: Read the passage and identify the main idea.Passage:"The world is a book, and those who do not travel read only one page." - Saint AugustineTask: What is the main idea of the quote?Answer:The main idea is the importance of travel in gaining a broader perspective and understanding of the world.Exercise 2: InferenceTask: Read the passage and make an inference about theauthor's view.Passage:"The only journey is the one within." - Rainer Maria RilkeTask: What can be inferred about the author's view on travel?Answer:The author seems to suggest that personal growth and self-discovery are more important than physical travel.Chapter 4: Writing SkillsExercise 1: Letter WritingTask: Write a formal letter of complaint to a hotel regarding a recent stay.Template:Dear [Hotel Manager],I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with my recent stay at your hotel from [dates]. During my stay, I encountered several issues that I believe you should be made aware of.Firstly, the room I was allocated was not up to the standard I expected from a hotel of your reputation. The [specific issue]. This was not only inconvenient but also detracted from the overall experience.Secondly, the service I received was not satisfactory. The [specific issue]. This lack of attention to customer service is disappointing, especially considering the high rates charged.I would appreciate it if you could look into these matters and provide a suitable resolution. I am looking forward to your prompt response.Yours faithfully,[Your Name]Exercise 2: Essay WritingTask: Write an essay on the topic "The Impact of Technologyon Modern Society."Introduction:In recent years, technology has become an integral part ofour daily lives. It has revolutionized the way we communicate, work, and even think. However, this rapid advancement hasalso raised concerns about its impact on modern society.Body:The positive aspects of technology include increased efficiency, connectivity, and access to information. It has enabled us to connect with people across the globe, work remotely, and access vast amounts of knowledge at our fingertips.However, the negative impacts are also significant. Over-reliance on technology can lead to social isolation,decreased physical activity, and a loss of privacy. Additionally, the digital divide has created disparities in access to technology, exacerbating existing inequalities.Conclusion:In conclusion, while technology has undoubtedly brought about many benefits, it is essential to address its negative consequences. A balanced approach that maximizes theadvantages while mitigating the drawbacks is necessary for a harmonious integration of technology into our lives.。

HKDSE CHEMISTRY – A Modern View(Chemistry)Coursebook 1Suggested answersChapter 1 The fundamentals of chemistry PageNumber •Class Practice1•Chapter Exercise 3Chapter2 The atmosphere•Class Practice6•Chapter Exercise7Chapter 3 Oceans•Chapter Exercise9Chapter4 Rocks and minerals•Class Practice12•Chapter Exercise13●Part Exercise15 Chapter 5 Atomic structure•Class Practice17•Chapter Exercise19Chapter6 The Periodic Table•Class Practice21•Chapter Exercise22Chapter 7 Chemical bonding: ionic bonding•Class Practice24•Chapter Exercise26 Chapter8 Chemical bonding: covalent bonding•Class Practice29•Chapter Exercise31 Chapter9 Structures and properties of substances•Class Practice34•Chapter Exercise35 ●Part Exercise37Chapter 1 Fundamentals of chemistryClass PracticeA1.1(b)Food : fertilizers, insecticides, food additives(c)Housing : metals, alloys, cement, glass, plastics(d)Transport : metals, alloys, fuels, glass, plastics(e)Medicines : drugs, antibiotics, artificial hormones(f)Amusement park facilities : metals, alloys, cement, glass, plastics,semi-conductorsA1.2Phosphorus and mercury are elements. The others are not.(Note: A substance with a name consisting of two words (e.g. sodium chloride) is not an element. A substance with a name of only one word (e.g. ammonia) may or may not be an element. The only sure way is to check the name against the Periodic Table.)A1.3Sodium - silvery grey solid;Chlorine - greenish yellow gas;Sodium chloride - white solid.A1.4(a) Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, iron, sulphur(b) Water, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, sodium chloride, iron(II) sulphide(c) Air, sea water, town gas, sodium chloride solution, wine(Other answers may be given.)A1.5(a) Chemical change(b) Physical change(c) Physical change(d) Chemical change(b) and (c) are physical changes because no new substances are formed. (a) and (d) are chemical changes because new substances are formed.A1.6(a), (b) and (e).A1.8(a) Flat-bottomed flask (l) Crucible tongs (w) Reagent bottle(b) Round-bottomed flask (m) Spatula (x) Gas syringe(c) Clamp (n) Heat-resistant mat (y) Measuring cylinder(d) Retort stand (o) Pestle (z) Beaker(e) Conical flask (p) Mortar (aa) Funnel(f) Wire gauze (q) Desiccator (bb) Plastic washbottle(g) Evaporating basin (r) Test tube holder (cc) Teat pipette(h) Tripod (s) Test tube rack (dd) Thermometer(i) Crucible (t) Test tube (ee) Watch glass(j) Pipeclay triangle (u) Boiling tube (ff) Separating funnel (k) Bunsen burner (v) Dropping bottle (gg) Glass rodChapter 1 Fundamentals of chemistryChapter Exercise1. science, observations, experiments2. substances, compositions, structures, properties, changes3. Oxygen, atmosphere4. chemically combined together, hydrogen, oxygen.5. heating, electrolysis6. mixture7. chlorine, compound8. element, compound, mixture9. retains, different10. ppearance , dour , aste , ensity , elting11. chemical12. physical13. new14. A15. B16. D17. C18. C19. D20. B21. B22. A23. D24. A25. D26. C27. B28. D29. A30. (a) A = beaker, B = test tube, C = Bunsen burner, D = wire gauze, E = tripodstand, F = heat-proof mat, G = test tube holder, H = evaporating dish(evaporating basin)(b) (i) Test tube (B).(ii) Test tube(B), test tube holder (G), Bunsen burner (C) , heat-proof mat(F).(iii) Beaker (A), tripod stand (E), wire gauze (D), Bunsen burner (C),heat-proof mat (F).31. (a) Tasteless; no smell; colourless; liquid at room conditions(b) React with iron; react with sodium(c) Water changes into steam at 100o C. / Water changes into ice at 0o C.(d) It is because no new substance is formed.(e) Iron reacts with water to form iron rust. / Sodium reacts with water to formhydrogen gas.(f) New substance (e.g. rust or hydrogen gas) is formed.32. (a) Chlorine, hydrogen, iron, mercury , oxygen, sodium and sulphur(b) An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into anythingsimpler by chemical methods.(c) Ammonia, sodium chloride and water(d) A compound is a pure substance made up of two or more elementschemically combined together(e) A mixture consists of two or more pure substances (elements or compounds)which have not chemically combined together.(f) Sodium chloride solution is a mixture (because a solution is a homogeneousmixture).33. (a) No. Both oxygen and hydrogen are gases at room conditions while glucoseis a solid at room conditions. Carbon is black in colour while glucose iswhite.(b) Glucose solution is a mixture. It is because there is no chemical reactiontaking place between glucose and water.(c) Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water34. Compounds and mixtures are different in a number of ways. These include:(1) Compounds have fixed chemical composition while mixtures have variablechemical composition. Examples: water and air(2) During the formation of compounds, a chemical change occurs. Newsubstances are always formed. On the other hand, a mixture is obtainedwhen different substances are physically mixed. There is no chemicalchange. No new substance is formed and the change is seldom accompaniedby energy changes. Examples: formation of water from hydrogen andoxygen, mixing of sand and sugar(3) Properties of a compound are very different from that of its constituentelements. For example, water is colourless liquid while hydrogen and oxygenare colourless gases. On the other hand, each constituent substance retainsits own properties in mixtures. For example, nitrogen and oxygen are bothcolourless gases no matter whether they are isolated or present together inthe air.(4) Separation of the constituents of a compound requires a chemical process.For example, breaking water down into the elements hydrogen and oxygenrequires a chemical process called electrolysis. On the other hand,separation of a mixture requires a physical process only. For example,separation of iron powder from a mixture just requires the use of a magnet.35. -PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of a substance are those properties that can bedetermined without the substance changing into another substance.-Examples of physical properties of a substance include colour, odour (smell) and physical state. For example water is a colourless, odourless liquid under room conditions.-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of a substance are the chemical reactions of the substance, and the respective conditions under which each reaction takes place.-Examples of chemical properties of a substance include how fast and vigorous it reacts (i.e., its reactivity) with another substance, the condition(s) needed for it to react with other substances and what products can be produced when it reacts with other substances. For example, hydrogen reacts vigorously with oxygen (or air) only when lit with a burning splint to form water.Class PracticeA2.1(a) People in ancient times had little scientific knowledge. In fact, any visibleportion of the Earth appeared more or less flat to the eyes.(b) Satellite photos clearly show that the Earth is roughly spherical.(Other answers may be given.)A2.2atmospherecrustmantleinner coreouter coreA2.31. (a) No. (7 planets have an atmosphere.)(b) Yes.2. There is no air on the Moon.A2.4Elements Compoundsnitrogen carbon dioxideoxygen water vapourheliumneonargonkryptonxenonA2.5Helium -269Neon -246Nitrogen -196Argon -186Oxygen -183Krypton -153Xenon -109Carbon dioxide -78Chapter Exercise1. crust, mantle , core, atmosphere2. atmosphere3. nitrogen, oxygen4. fractional distillation5. liquefied6. supporter7. glowing8. A9. A 10. B 11. B 12. B 13. D14. (a) Nitrogen (b) Carbon dioxide and water vapour (c) Oxygen, argon, neon, helium, krypton, xenon (any two)15. (a) The volumes of the three gases obtained i.e. argon, nitrogen and oxygen are930 litres, 78,000 litres and 21,000 litres respectively.(b) Fractional distillation (c) No. Oxygen is the most reactive gas in air, whereas nitrogen is unreactive,which serves the good purpose of ‘diluting ’ oxygen in air. If there were more oxygen in air, metals would be oxidized and corroded faster. Things would also burn easier, so there would be a greater hazard of fire.16. (a) Fractional distillation of liquid air (b) Oxidizing (c) Physical property: colourless, odourless Chemical property: it supports combustion (d) Put a glowing splint into a test tube containing the gas to be tested. If thegas is oxygen, the splint relights.17. (a) Nitrogen and oxygen (b) Oxygen (c) copper + oxygen → copper(II) oxide (d) 50 cm 3 - 33 cm 3 = 17 cm 3(e) 33cm50cm 17⨯ 100% = 34% (f) 21% (g) The percentage of oxygen in dissolved air (34 %) is much greater than thatin the atmosphere (21 %) because oxygen is more soluble in water than nitrogen.18. -Fractional distillation of liquid air is used to separate nitrogen and oxygenfrom air.-The air is first liquefied by repeated cooling and compression.-Then the liquid air is warmed up bit by bit very slowly.-Different gases in air boil at different temperatures, so they can be collected one by one.-The one boiling off first is nitrogen (boiling point -196 ︒C). The second one to be collected is argon(boiling point -186 ︒C) /noble gas. Then oxygen gas (boiling point -183 ︒C) is collected.Chapter 3 OceansChapter Exercise1. sodium chloride (common salt), sodium, chlorine2. evaporation3. filtration, crystallization4. saturated5. boiling, condensation6. distillate, residue7. distillation8. flame test9. brilliant golden yellow10. white11. water, white, blue, blue, pink12. Brine13. hydrogen, chlorine, sodium hydroxide14. B15. C16. B17. C18. D19. A20. (a) Filtration(b)(c) Distillation(d)(e) Test for sodium ions: Flame test. The sample gives a brilliant golden yellow flame in the flame test if sodiumions are present.Test for chloride ions: Silver nitrate testAdd silver nitrate solution to the sample, followed by excess dilute nitric acid. Theappearance of a white precipitate indicates the presence of chloride ions.21. His conclusion is not justified. He should add the white-powder to distilled waterand stir well, then filter and evaporate the filtrate to dryness by heating, and see if any solid is left.22. (a) This is because some metal ions can produce a characteristic coloured lightwhen they are heated strongly.(b) (1) Moisten a clean platinum wire with concentrated hydrochloric acid.(2) Dip the platinum wire into a crushed sample of the salt (or solution) tobe tested.(3) Heat the platinum wire with the sample strongly in a non-luminousflame.(4) Observe the colour of the flame at the wire and identify the metal ionspresent.(c) Potassium ions: lilac; calcium ions: brick red; copper (II) ions: bluish green.23. (a) It was not a suitable method because the liquid may be unclean, harmful oreven poisonous.(b) Flame test.(c) To show the presence of chloride ions, acidified silver nitrate solution isadded to the sample. If chloride ions are present, a white precipitate will be formed.(d) To show the presence of water, a few drops of the liquid are added toanhydrous copper(II) sulphate.The powder changes from white to blue if water is present.Alternatively, add a few drops of the liquid to dry cobalt chloride test paper. The paper changes from blue to pink if water is present. thermometerdelivery tubeclampboiling tube sodium chloridesolutionheatanti-bumping granulereceiver test tubewater pure water(e) He could not be sure that the liquid was sea water. Even if the tests showedthat sodium ions, chloride ions and water were present, the liquid might notnecessarily be sea water. For example, it might be just a sodium chloridesolution, without any other salts naturally present in sea water.24. (a) Electrolysis means ‘decomposition by electricity’.(b) Chlorine, hydrogen and sodium hydroxide.(c) Chlorine − water sterilization, manufacture of bleach, etc.Hydrogen − production of margarine, as rocket fuel, etc.Sodium hydroxide − manufacture of soap, extraction of aluminium, etc. 25. -Sea water is an important source of common salt (sodium chloride) which hasmany uses.-By the electrolysis of sea water, useful products, hydrogen, chlorine and sodium hydroxide are obtained. These products can be used to manufacture a lot of useful chemicals.-Hydrogen can be used to produce ammonia.- Chlorine can be used to produce bleach.- Sodium hydroxide can be used to produce soap.Class PracticeA4.1heat calcium oxide + carbon dioxideStep 1: calcium carbonate −−−−→Step 2: calcium oxide + water → calcium hydroxideStep 3: calcium hydroxide + water → calcium hydroxide solution (limewater) Step 4: calcium hydroxide solution (limewater) + carbon dioxide→ calcium carbonate + waterA4.2calcium carbonate + nitric acid → calcium nitrate + carbon dioxide + waterChapter Exercise1. mineral, a mixture of minerals2. crystalline, chemical3. extraction4. ore, aluminium5. haematite, carbon (or coke)6. chalk, marble7. Neutralizing, building material, cement (or other acceptable answers)8. Weathering9. Erosion10. PhysicalChemical11. uicklime, calcium oxide.12. acids, carbon dioxide13. milky14. iron + carbon dioxide15. aluminium + oxygen16. carbonic acid17. calcium hydroxide + heat18. calcium hydrogencarbonate19. calcium oxide + carbon dioxide20. calcium carbonate (white solid) + water21. calcium chloride + carbon dioxide + water22. B23. D24. D25. C26. A27. B28. D29. C30. C31. B32. (a) (1) Both react with acid to give out carbon dioxide.(2) Both are decomposed on strong heating.(b) (1) Neutralizing acidic soil and lakes affected by acid rain.(2) As a raw material to make glass by heating with sand and sodiumcarbonate.(3) As a raw material to make cement by heating with clay. (or any otherpossible answers)33. (a) Weathering is the slow process in which exposed rocks are broken downinto smaller pieces.(b) Physical weathering and chemical weathering.(c) It is because carbon dioxide in air dissolves slightly in rainwater, formingcarbonic acid. Carbonic acid can attack rocks.(d) Calcium hydrogencarbonate(e) calcium carbonate + carbonic acid → calcium hydrogencarbonate34. (a) Calcium carbonate(b) calcium carbonate −−−−→− heat strongcalcium oxide + carbon dioxide (c)(d) When the gas is passed through limewater for a few seconds, the limewater turns milky.35.(a) (i) Calcium oxide(ii) Calcium hydroxide(iii) Calcium hydroxide solution(b) (i) calcium carbonate −−→−heat calcium oxide + carbon dioxide(ii) calcium carbonate + hydrochloric acid → calcium chloride + carbon dioxide + water(iii) calcium oxide + water −→ calcium hydroxide(iv) carbon dioxide + calcium hydroxide solution−→ calcium carbonate + water (c) The rock fizzes (colourless gas is given out).heat limewaterPart I Planet earthPart Exercise1. C2. C3. A4. A5. C6. A7. B8. C9. A10. C11. D12. D13. C14. B15. A16. C17. B18. C19. B20. (a) Hydrogen ― as fuelOxygen ― in breathing aids (or any other possible answers)(b) No. Oxygen and hydrogen inside the container mix to form a gaseousmixture. All mixtures are impure substances.(c) Water(d) Yes. Water is a compound, and a single compound when existing alone is apure substance.21. (a) This conclusion is valid. The brick red colour in the flame test indicates thepresence of calcium, and the white precipitate formed when acidified silvernitrate solution is added indicates the presence of chloride.(b) This conclusion is invalid. The bubbles formed when acid was added maynot be carbon dioxide.(c) Conclusion (a) cannot be disproved. To test the validity of conclusion (b),pass the gas formed into limewater. If the limewater turns milky, the gas iscarbon dioxide, then the conclusion is valid. If the limewater doesn’t turnmilky, the conclusion is invalid.(d) The only validity of this statement is that the sample is a mixture containingcalcium chloride. Even carbonate is shown to be present, the tests carriedout are insufficient to rule out the possibility of other substances present inthe sample.22.(a) X : carbon dioxide; Y : water; Z : carbon dioxide.(b) calcium carbonate −−→−heat calcium oxide + carbon dioxideThe limestone cracks and makes a cracking noise.(c) calcium oxide + water → calcium hydroxide + heatA lot of heat is produced, with the possible production of some steamy vapour. The white solid turns into a paste.(d) calcium hydroxide + carbon dioxide → calcium carbonate + waterThe calcium hydroxide solution (limewater) turns milky.(e) This is the limewater test for carbon dioxide.23. (a) Refer to Coursebook 1 page 69.(b) Refer to Coursebook 1 page 70.(c) Frost action is a physical weathering process. This is because no newsubstances are formed during the process. Action of carbonic acid is a chemical weathering process. This is because carbonic acid changes calcium carbonate to a new substance, calcium hydrogencarbonate.(d) When excess of carbon dioxide is bubbled in, soluble calciumhydrogencarbonate is formed.Chapter 5 Atomic structureClass PracticeA5.1They are the only two liquid elements.A5.21. (a) Only an element can be classified as a metal or non-metal. Water is not anelement.(b) Non-metal.(c) Metal.2. (a) Mercury. All are metals. Mercury is a liquid, while the others are solids atroom conditions.(b) Sulphur. Sulphur is a non-metal, while the others are metals.(c) Iodine. All are non-metals. Iodine is a solid, while the others are gases atroom conditions.(d) Graphite. All are non-metals. Graphite conducts electricity, while the othersare non-conductors of electricity.A5.3(a) (i) Mg(ii)Ag(iii) Na(b)(i) Ar,(ii) He(iii) Ne(c) (i) fluorine(ii) bromine(iii) mercuryA5.4(a) 118(b) Br(c) N(d) The element copper or a copper atom.A5.5(a) The commonest type of hydrogen atom.(b) 91 electrons. Number of neutrons cannot be predicted.(c) It is not an atom. The numbers of protons and electrons are not equal.A5.6A magnesium atom would be changed to a chlorine atom.A5.71. (a) silver(b) silver(c) silver2. (a) Aluminium(b) Al1327(c) (i) 13(ii) 13(iii) 27 - 13 = 14A5.8(a) 3(b) O816(16O, or oxygen-16)A5.9(a) 37(b) 35(c) 4(d) 238(e) We cannot tell from the given data.(The mass number is not given.)A5.10(a) Relative atomic mass of sodium= mass number of the only type of sodium atom = 23(b) Relative atomic mass of neon=10010229020⨯+⨯= 20.2A5.11(a) (b)(c) (d)A5.12(a) 17(b) (i) 2,8,7(ii)Chapter 5 Atomic structureChapter Exercise1. physical2. bromine, mercury3. metals, non-metals4. metals, non-metals, graphite5. ymbol6. smallest part7. element8. atoms9. nucleus, neutrons, nucleus, electrons10. positively, negatively, neutral11. protons12. mass number13. same, different14. carbon-1215. weighted average, relative isotopic16. shells17. electronic arrangement (electronic configuration)18. B19. D20. D21. B22. C23. D24. C25. D26. (a) True. This is because there is no gaseous metal or semi-metal at roomconditions.(b) False. This is because mercury is a liquid metal at room conditions.(c) False. This is because carbon (graphite) is a non-metal which can conductelectricity. / This is because semi-metals cannot conduct electricity bythemselves.(d) False. This is because some metals (e.g. sodium) are soft.(e) True. This is because metals are silvery white, golden or brown in colour.No metal is red in colour.27. (a) The mass number of an atom is the sum of the number of protons andneutrons in the atom.(b) The atomic number of an atom is the number of protons in the atom.(c) Isotopes are different atoms of the same element, with the same number ofprotons (and electrons) but different numbers of neutrons.(d) Atom Number of protons Number of neutrons Electronic configuration105B 5 5 2, 3 115B 5 6 2, 3 (e) 10.810080112010=+⨯⨯ 28. (a) Q and R(b) Carbon(c) Carbon-13 and carbon-14(d) 135P , 136Q , 146R , 147S29. (a)AtomAtomic no. Mass no. Number of Electronic arrangement protons neutrons electrons (a)35Cl 17 35 17 18 17 2, 8, 7 (b)17O 8 17 8 9 8 2, 6 (c) 40Ar 18 40 18 22 18 2, 8, 8(b)(c) Neon(d) Argon is very unreactive.30. - Elements can be classified according to their physical states . For example, atroom temperature, hydrogen and oxygen are gases; bromine and mercury are liquids; carbon and iodine are solids.- Elements can also be classified into metals and non-metals. A few elementshave properties in between those of metals and non-metals. They are classified as semi-metals.- Examples of metals include sodium and mercury; examples of non-metalsinclude bromine and hydrogen; examples of semi-metals include boron and silicon.Class PracticeA6.1(a) Period 7, Group II; alkaline earth metals.(b) Radium.(c) Yes. Radium is a metal (all metals conduct electricity).A6.2Element X: MetalElement Y: Non-metalElement Z: We cannot tell from the given data as elements in Group IV can be a metal, non-metal or semi-metal.A6.3(a) 2, 8, 8, 2.(b) Yes, it is a metal.(c) (ii).A6.4(a) Yes. By knowing the chemical properties of familiar elements in the same groupand the group trend, predictions about the unfamiliar element can be made. (b) Astatine: D; strontium: AChapter Exercise1. electrons, outermost2. ascending, atomic numbers3. period, group, eight,4. period number, outermost5. metals, semi-metals, non-metals6. chemical7. 1, 1, increases8. 7, halogens, decreases9. 8, noble gases10. B11. B12. D13. C14. C15. C16. C17. D18.19. (a) 2(b) They all have two electrons in the outermost shell.(c) Increase down the Group.(d) (i) Beryllium reacts very slowly with water.(ii) Barium reacts vigorously with water.(e) Barium is more reactive than calcium. It should be stored under paraffin.20. (a) Magnesium, silicon, chlorine. They are in Period 3.(b) Lithium, rubidium, caesium. They are in Group I.(c) Iron, copper(d) Caesium(e) Fluorine(f) Silicon(g) Helium(h) Helium, fluorine, chlorine(i) Fluorine, chlorine21. (a) Group II(b) Alkaline earth metals(c) Strontium has 2 outermost shell electrons.(d) Strontium is a silvery white solid at room conditions.(e) Strontium reacts with cold water more readily than calcium does andcolourless gas bubbles are given off. This is because the reactivity of GroupII elements will increase down the group.22. - In the modern Periodic Table, elements are arranged in ascending order ofatomic number.- The elements are arranged in periods and groups of the Periodic Table.A horizontal row of elements is called a period while a vertical column ofelements is called group.- Period number = number of occupied electron shellsGroup number = number of electrons in outermost shell- Elements within the same group of the Periodic Table have similar chemical properties.- Across a period, the elements change from metals through semi-metals to non-metals.- Some of the groups have special names. Group I elements are named as alkali metals; Group II elements are named as alkaline earth metals; Group VII elements are named as halogens; Group 0 elements are named as noble gases.The elements in between Group II and Group III are called the transition elements.Chapter 7 Chemical bonding: ionic bondingClass PracticeA7.1(a) Delete ‘non-metals’.(b) Delete ‘metals’.A7.2(a) Colourless(b) Purple(c) Yellow(d) GreenA7.3(a) The cathode. Potassium ions are positively charged. They are thus attractedtowards the negative electrode (cathode).(b) No. Potassium ions are colourless.(c) A green patch would move towards the negative electrode (cathode).Chromium(III) ions are green in colour and positively charged. They are attracted towards the negative electrode.A7.4(a) (i) Aluminium atom: 2, 8, 3; aluminium ion: 2, 8(ii) Chlorine atom: 2, 8, 7; chloride ion: 2, 8, 8(b) Charge on aluminium ion = +3; charge on chloride ion = -1A7.5Simple ions: H+, H-, Mn2+Polyatomic ions: NH4+, NH2-, OH-A7.6(a)(ii) At-A7.7(a)(b)A7.8(a) CuCl2(b) CaS(c) Al(OH)3(d) (NH4)2CO3A7.9(a) Mg(OH)2(b) Na2O(c) PbSO4(d) K2Cr2O7A7.10(a) Calcium nitrate(b) Iron(III) chloride(c) Zinc sulphate-7-water(d) Copper(II) hydroxideChapter 7 Chemical bonding: ionic bondingChapter Exercise1. octet, duplet2. electrons, noble gas, ions3. simple, polyatomic4. cations, anions5. coloured6. electrolysis7. name, formula8. group9. minus10. ionic, ionic, calcium oxide, calcium, oxygen, Calcium (Ca2+), oxide (O2-), ionicbonds11. giant ionic structure12. B13. A14. D15. A16. C17. A18. C19. B20.21. (a) Calcium sulphate(b) Cation: calcium ion; anion: sulphate ion(c) Ionic bonding(d) CaSO4(e) The coagulant is white in colour.(g) Polyatomic ion22. (a) A: 2,5; B: 2, 8, 1; C: 2, 8, 2; D: 2, 8, 6(b) Elements A and D tend to gain electrons to attain an octet of electrons.(c) Elements B and C tend to lose electrons to attain an octet of electrons.(d) 4(e) B3A; B2D; C3A2; CD(f)B3A B2DC3A CD23. (a) Magnesium chloride: MgCl2; potassium chloride: KCl; sodium chloride:NaCl(b)MgCl2KClNaCl(c) Giant ionic structure24. -Consider the reaction between sodium and chlorine.A sodium atom Na has the electronic arrangement 2,8,1. It loses 1 electron toget the stable octet structure to form a Na+ ion.-A chlorine atom Cl has the electronic arrangement 2,8,7. It gains 1 electron to get the stable octet structure to form a Cl- ion.-When sodium atom reacts with a chlorine atom, the sodium atom loses 1 electron to the chlorine atom. By transfer of electron, two ions are formed.The electrostatic force between the ions is called ionic bonds and the compound is called ionic compound.electronsodium atom(Na) (loses one electron)sodium ion(Na+) chlorine ion(Cl-)transferchlorine atom(Cl)(gains one electron)。

朗文3A Chapter 3一、Phrases1.___our___ school __activies___ 我们学校活动2.the school __fair___校园义卖3.__Open__ Day开放日4.__Sports__ Day 运动会5.__Parents’_ Day 家长会6.the school ___concert___ 校园音乐会7.__Speech___ Day颁奖典礼8.the school ___picnic___ 校园野餐9.__ninth_ ___November____11月9日10.___on___ the __second___ of May 在5月2日11.___feel____ bad 感觉糟糕12.___from___half __past____ two ____to___ three o’clock 从两点半到三点13.invite __you___ __to__ our _school__ 邀请你来我们学校14.__from__ nine o’clock __in_ the morning __to__ two o’clock _on__ the afternoon从早上九点到下午两点二、Sentences1.Sally _is__ ___helping___ Peter __make___ a webpage.Sally正在帮Peter制作一个网页。

2.__When’s___ the school __picnic__?It’s __on___ the __seventh__ of __November____.校园野餐是什么时候？在11月7日。

3.__When’s__ ___the___ ___Sports__ Day?It’s __on__ the __third__ __of__ May.运动会是什么时候？在5月3日。

4.Ricky and Kitty __both___ have __an__ invitation.Ricky和Kitty都有一封邀请函。

Practice makes perfect!1.My sister is a __________(graduate) in physics, and she _________(graduate) from Beijing University in 2009. I still remember the day when we went to her _ _____________(graduate).2.Ms. Smith, who is a very ____________(organize) woman, works as the presiden ts of a large ____________(organize).she is busy _____________(organize) a conf erence to be held next week with her assistants.3.Jim is a young man with great _______________(determine). He ____________(de termine)never to come back before he could make a big fortune, he left home wit hout saying a word.4.I have ___________________(做决定)and nothing shall stop me.5.They finally __________________(改变主意) and went fishing together.用适当的介词填空：1.If you give _________ smoking, you can live longer.2.We should understand each other and if we have quarrels, we should give ____ ___ to one another.3.The teacher gave ________ the exercise book one by one.Test :1.After ___________(graduate) from university, she became more mature(成熟).2.They are ___________(graduate) of Peking University.3.Some _________(graduate) are willing to work in villages far away.4.She __________(graduate) from Tsinghua University five years ago.5.The trip ___________(organize) by the company was very interesting.6.The move would cause great harm to the ______________(organize).7.This is a well ____________(organize) party------we all enjoyed ourselves.8.A good _____________(organize)also pays attention to details.9.Parents play an important part in _________________(determine) children’s ch aracter.10._________________(determine) to succeed, he tried many times.11.He faced the illness with courage and ________________(determine).12.They _________________________(改变主意)finally and went to the movies.13.I ______________________(下定决心)to help her at that time.14. My mother is ________________(take care of)the little baby.用适当的介词填空：1.I will do what I think is right, not caring __________ what others may say.2.Do you care __________ pop music?3.If you give ________ smoking, you will save a lot of money every year.4.The two men argued about this matter and neither would give ________ to each other.5.The enemy gave _________finally.6.I don’t care ________ what you said and I will do what I think.。