学位英语语法复习指导
学位英语典型陷阱题分析——定语从句
英语语法2009-09-20 10:08:19 阅读4572 评论20 字号：大中小
1. The factory was built in a secret place, around _________ high mountains.
A. which was
B. it was
C. which were
D. them were
【陷阱】容易误选A或B，将A、B中的which 和it 误认为是其后句子的主语。
【分析】最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数was。请做以下类例题目（答案均为C）：
(1) Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _________ some fruit shops.
A. which is
B. it is
C. which are
D. them are
(2) The murder happened in an old building, beside _________ the city police station.
A. which are
B. it is
C. which is
D. them are
(3) Next month we’ll move to a new building, next to _________ a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food.
A. which are
B. it is
C. which is
D. them are
2. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and ask ed, “Is there a hospital around _________ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?”
A. that
B. which
C. where
D. what
【陷阱】容易误选B，认为around 是介词，选which 用以代替前面的名词hospital，在此用作介词around 的宾语。
【分析】最佳答案为C。以上语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选 C 的理由是：句中的around 不是介词，而是副词，意为“在附近”；其后的where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？
3. David is such a good boy _________ all the teachers like.
A. that
B. who
C. as
D. whom
【陷阱】此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such，再联系到选项中的that，便认为这是考查such … that …句式。况且，这样理解意思也还通顺。
【分析】最佳答案为C，不是A，因为在such … that … (如此……以至……)结构中，that 引导的是结果状语从句，并且that 在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入such … that …，句末的动词like 缺宾语。选C的理由如下：as 用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词boy，同时as 在定语从句中用作动词like 的宾语，句意为“所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩”。有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的that 视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到such 的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词as 来引导，而不用that。比较下面一题，答案为A，因为like 后有自己的宾语him：David is such a good boy _________ all the teachers like him.
A. that
B. who
C. as
D. whom
请再做以下试题（答案选D）：
It was not such a good dinner _________ she had promised us.
A. like
B. that
C. which
D. as
4. The buses, most of _________ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.
A. that
B. it
C. them
D. which
【陷阱】容易误选C，用them 代指the buses。
【分析】最佳答案是D。most of which were already full 为非限制性定语从句，修饰the buses。类似地，以下各题也选D：
(1) His house, for _________ he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000.
A. that
B. it
C. them
D. which
(2) Ashdown forest, through _________ we’ll be driving, isn’t a forest any longer.
A. that
B. it
C. them
D. which
(3) This I did at nine o’clock, after _________ I sat reading the paper.
A. that
B. it
C. them
D. which
类似地，以下各题选whom，不选them：
(4) George, with _________ I played tennis on Sundays, was a warm-hearted person.
A. that
B. him
C. them
D. whom
(5) Her sons, both of _________ work abroad, will come back home this summer.
A. that
B. who
C. them
D. whom
(6) I met the fruit-pickers, several of _________ were still university students.
A. that
B. who
C. them
D. whom
5. He had a lot of friends, only a few of _________ invited to his wedding.
A. whom
B. them
C. which
D. who
【陷阱】容易误选A，认为这是非限制性定语从句。
【分析】最佳答案是B，这不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词invited 并不是一个完整的谓语，而是一个过去分词。当然，假若在invited 前加上助动词were，则是一个非限制性定语从句，答案便应选A。比较：
(1) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _________ carried out in their work.
A. which
B. them
C. what
D. that
答案选B，none of them carried out in their work 是独立主格结构，其中的carried out 为过去分词。
(2) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _________ were carried out in their work.
A. which
B. them
C. what
D. that
答案选A，none of them were carried out in their work 是非限制性定语从句，注意与上例比较句中多了一个助动词were。
(3) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _________ were carried out in their work.
A. which
B. them
C. what
D. that
答案选B，由于两句之间增加了一个并列连词but，使得该句成了一个并列句。
6. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents seated together joking.
A. their
B. whose
C. which
D. that
【陷阱】容易误选B，认为这是非限制性定语从句。
【分析】最佳答案是A。与上面一题相似，their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定语从句，而是一个独立主格结构，因为空格后的动词seated 不是谓语，而是一个过去分词，因为seat 作动词用时，是及物动词。比较以下相似题：
(1) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents were seated together joking.
A. their
B. whose
C. which
D. that
选B。whose parents were seated together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为其后有完整的谓语were seated。
(2) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and _________ parents were seated together joking.
A. their
B. whose
C. which
D. that
选A。因为句中有并列连词and，整个句子为并列句。
(3) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents sitting together joking.
A. their
B. whose
C. which
D. that
选A。their parents sitting together joking 为独立主格结构。
(4) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents sat together joking.
A. their
B. whose
C. which
D. that
选B。whose parents sat together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语sat。
(5) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________ parents were sitting together joking.
A. their
B. whose
C. which
D. that
选B。whose parents were sitting together joking 为非限制性定语从句，因为句中有完整的谓语were sitting。
7. If the man is only interested in your looks, _________ just shows how shallow he is.
A. as
B. which
C. what
D. that
【陷阱】容易误选A或B，误这是非限制性定语从句。
【分析】正确答案为D，注意逗号前是一个条件状语从句，逗号后是该状语从句的主句，that 在此代表前文所述的情况，用作主句的主语。类似地，下面几道题也选that，而不选which：
(1) If you promise to go with us, _________ will be OK.
A. as
B. which
C. and it
D. that
(2) If you want a double room, _________ will cost another ￡15.
A. as
B. which
C. what
D. that
(3) Whether you go or not, _________ is quite all right with me.
A. that
B. which
C. and it
D. so
(4) When I say two hours, _________ includes time for eating.
A. as
B. which
C. what
D. that
学位英语典型陷阱题分析——虚拟语气
英语语法2009-09-20 10:03:28 阅读2050 评论1 字号：大中小
1. I forget where I read the article, or I _________ it to you now.
A. will show
B. would show
C. am going to show
D. am showing
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】正确答案选B。根据上文的语境可知句中的or 隐含有一个虚拟的条件，即or=if I didn’t forget where I read the article （要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话——但事实上忘了）。
2. “It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does. _________.”
A. He’d better give up drinkin g
B. He shouldn’t have drunk so much
C. Health is more important than drink
D. I wonder why he is always doing so
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选，主要是受句中drunk 一词的影响。
【分析】最佳答案为D。关键信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虚拟语气，句子既然用了虚拟语气，也就是说，“他喝醉了”不是事实，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此题的最佳答案是D。
3. “Mary looks hot and dry” “So _________ you if you had so high a fever.”
A. do
B. are
C. will
D. would
【陷阱】容易误选A或C。选A者，认为前后两句的动词性质应一致；选C者，认为其后带有if 条件状语从句，从语气上看，主句应用将来时态。
【分析】此题最佳答案为D。分析如下：
(1) “so + 助动词+ 主语”是一个很有用的结构，它表示“……也一样”时。如：
He likes to watch TV, and so do I. 他喜欢看电视，我也一样。
When animals and plants disappear, so will man. 当动植物消失的时候，人类也会随之消失。
(2) 由于空格后的if 条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气（这是很重要的信息），所以主句要用would 而不用will，即答案应选D。
4. “He will come tomorrow.” “But I’d rather he _________ the day after tomorrow.”
A. will come
B. is coming
C. came
D. had come
【陷阱】容易误选A或B。根据上文的He will come tomorrow 以及下文的时间状语the day after tomorrow 似乎都表明空白处应填一个一般将来时态。
【分析】但此题的最佳答案是C。按照英语习惯，would rather 后接that 从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气，即用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成时表示过去。又如：
I’d rather you left right now. 我宁愿你现在就离开。
I would much rather it was forgotten. 我更愿这事被遗忘掉。
I’d rather he hadn’t told me about it. 我宁愿他没告诉我这事。
请再做以下试题(答案均为B)：
(1) “Shall I come tomorrow ?” “I’d rather you _________.”
A. won’t
B. didn’t
C. don’t
D. wouldn’t
(2) “I’ve told him about it.” “But I’d rather you _________.”
A. didn’t
B. hadn’t
C. don’t
D. wouldn’t
(3) “He will take you as well.” “But I’d rather he _________.”
A. won’t
B. didn’t
C. doesn’t
D. wouldn’t
5. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he _________ badly wounded and that he _________ at once.
A. should be; be operated on
B. were; must be operated on
C. was; should be operated
D. was; be operated on
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案选D。insist后的从句谓语有时用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，有时不用，具体要看该谓语动词所表示的含义。一般说来，若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若该谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。分析上题的句意，可知只有选D最合适。请做以下类似试题（答案选B）：
(1) The patient insisted that he _________ ill and _________ to the hospital.
A. wasn’t, wasn’t sent
B. wasn’t, shouldn’t be sent
C. shouldn’t be, wasn’t sent
D. shouldn’t be, shouldn’t be sent
(2) The man in prison insisted that he _________ nothing wrong and _________ set free.
A. should do, should be
B. had done, should be
C. had done, had been
D. should do, had been
(3) I advised that he _________ to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he _________ quite well then.
A. was sent; felt
B. be sent; was feeling
C. he sent; feel
D. should be sent; should feel
6. _________ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.
A. Was he given up
B. Had he given up
C. Did he give
D. If he gave up
【陷阱】容易误选D。
【分析】正确答案应选B。之所以不能选D，是因为时态前后有矛盾。由于主句谓语是would not have got，这表明是对过去事实作出的假设，所以从句谓语应该是had given up，而不是像D项那样用一般过去时。另外，当虚拟条件句中有had, should, were 等词时，通常可以省略if，并将had, should, were 提前置于句首。又如：
Were they to cease advertising, prices would come down.= If they were to cease advertising, prices would come down. 如果他们停止做广告，价钱会降下来。
Had I been there, I would have filmed the occasion.= If I had been there, I would have filmed the occasion. 如果我在那里，我会把那场面拍摄下来了。
学位英语典型陷阱题分析——情态动词
英语语法2009-09-20 10:06:00 阅读1896 评论0 字号：大中小
1. “Mike is often absent from class.” “Tell him he _________ answer for it if he goes on behaving like that.”
A. shall
B. will
C. would
D. can
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案选A。shall 用作情态动词主要有以下两个用法：
(1) 用于疑问句中征求意见。如：
Shall I help you? 要不要我帮帮你?
Shall I open the window? 要我把窗子打开吗？
(2) 用于陈述句中表示允诺、告诫、警告、威胁、命令、规定、必然性等(可用于各类人称)。如：
You shall suffer for this. 你会为此事吃苦头的。(表威胁)
Each competitor shall wear a number. 每个参赛者要戴一个号码。(表规定)
You shall hear everything as soon as you come. 你一来就可听到所有情况了。(表允诺)
请做以下试题(答案均选shall)：
(1) “I promise that she _________ get a nice present on her birthday.” “Will it be a great surprise to her?”
A. should
B. must
C. would
D. shall
2. You _________ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.
A. cannot
B. shouldn’t
C. mustn’t
D. needn’t
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案选A。cannot…too…是英语中一个十分有用的表达，意为“不可能太……，无论怎样……也不算过分，越……越……”。如：
You can’t be too careful. 你越仔细越好。
You can’t praise the too much. 这本书值得大加赞扬。
We cannot work too much for the people. 我们为人民做工作是不可能做过头的。
A woman cannot have too many clothes. 女人买的衣服再多也不算多。
注：有时也可用can never, impossible 等与too连用来表示类似意思。如：
It is impossible to get there too soon. 去那儿越早越好。
3. “Is John coming by train?” “He should, but he _________ not. He likes driving his car.”
A. must
B. can
C. need
D. may
【陷阱】可能误选B或C。
【分析】最佳答案为D。may 表推测，may not 意为“可能不(会坐火车来)”。句中的He should 为He should come by train 之省略，由于其后出现转折连词but，说明语意有变化，再结合下文的He likes driving his car，便可决定此题选D。注意，不能选B，因为can表示推测时通常不用肯定陈述句。
4. “I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.” “It _________ true because there was little snow there.”
A. may not be
B. won’t be
C. couldn’t be
D. mustn’t be
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】此题最佳答案为C，主要由下文的because there was little snow there 这一语境所决定，既然“没下什么雪”，那么“滑雪”就应是“不可能”，所以选couldn’t be，即选C。
5. “Do you think he is lazy?” “I _________ so once, but I don’t now.”
A. may have thought
B. can have thought
C. may think
D. might think
答案选A。从答话人的语境可知，空格处的意思“曾经这样想过”，即对过去情况作推测，故应用“情态动词+动词完成式”；又因为can 表推测不用于肯定句，故选A。请看类例：
Their answers are exactly the same — one of them _________ from the other.
A. must copy
B. must have copied
C. should copy
D. should have copied
答案选B，既然两人的答案完全一样，说明“抄袭”已经发生，故用“情态动词+动词完成式”，根据句意，应选B而不能选D。
6. You _________ be right, but I don’t think you are.
A. can
B. could
C. must
D. should
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】从语境上看，C、D不宜选，在剩下的A和B中，许多同学想当然地选了A，认为整个句子为现在时态，所以选can，而不选过去式could，但是最佳答案却是B而不是A。按照英语语法，情态动词can 用于推测表示可能性时，通常只用于否定句或疑问句中，而不用于肯定句中；但could 用于表推测时，却不仅可用于否定句和疑问句，也可用于肯定句，且此时的could 并不是can 的过去式，与can 也没有时间上的差别，只是could 比can语气更委婉，所以答案选B。注：can 在以下特殊情况下，也可用于肯定句。一是表示抽象的可能性，即从理论上或逻辑上分析是可能的，但是实际上未必会发生。如：Anyone can make mistakes. 任何人都可能会犯错误。二是后接“be (get, seem, become)＋形容词”，表示“有时会”、“时常会”等。如：My father can be very unreasonable. 我父亲有时候很不讲道理。
学位英语典型陷阱题分析———时态语态
英语语法2009-09-20 10:11:15 阅读1781 评论1 字号：大中小
1. “I _________ his telephone number.” “I have his number, but I _________ to bring my phone book.”
A. forget, forget
B. forgot, forgot
C. forget, forgot
D. forgot, forget
【陷阱】容易误选A，认为“忘记”是现在的事。
【分析】仔细体会一下对话的语境：第一个人说“我忘记他的电话号码了”，这个“忘记”应该是现在的情况，即现在忘记了，要不然就没有必要同对方说此话了，故第一空应填forget；第二个人说“我有他的号码，但我忘记带电话本了”，这个“忘记”应该是过去的情况，即过去忘记带电话本，所以现在电话本不在身上(注意句中的转折连词but)，故第二空应填forgot，即答案选应C。请再看一例：
— Oh, I _________ where he lives.
—Don’t you carry your address book?
No, I _________ to bring it.
A. forget, forget
B. forgot, forgot
C. forget, forgot
D. forgot, forget
答案选C，理由同上。
2. Dear me! Just _________ at the time! I _________ no idea it was so late.
A. look, have
B. looking, had
C. look, had
D. looking, have
【陷阱】此题容易误选D，认为第一空用现在分词表伴随，第二空填have 的一般现在时，以保持与前面时态的一致性。【分析】其实，此题应选C，第一空应填look, 因为这是祈使句的谓语；第二空应填had，因为前一句说“看看时间吧”，这一看当然知道了现在很迟的情形，“不知道这么迟了”显然应是“过去”的事，故应用一般过去时态，许多同学由于忽略这一隐含的语境而误选。
3. Mr Smith _________ a book about China last year but I don’t k now whether he has finished it.
A. has written
B. wrote
C. had written
D. was writing
【陷阱】容易误选B或C。
【分析】此题应选D，这是由but I don’t know whether he has finished it 这一句话的语境决定的，全句意为“史密斯先生去年在写一本书，但我不知道他现在是否写完了”。有的同学可能由于受last year的影响而误选B。但若选B，则句子前半部分的意思则变为“史密斯先生去年写了一本书”，既然是“写了”，那么这与下文的“但我不知道他现在是否写完了”相矛盾。
4. He has changed a lot. He _________ not what he _________.
A. is, is
B. was, was
C. is, was
D. was, is
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案选C，上文说“他”变化很大，即“他”现在不是过去的那个样子了，故第一空填is，第二空填was（其实第二空也可用used to be）。请看类例：
“What place is it?” “Haven’t you found out we _________ back where we _________?”
A. were, had been
B. have been, are
C. are, were
D. are, had been
答案选C，We are back where we were 的意思是“我们（现在）又回到刚才来过的地方”。
5. The bridge, which _________ 1688, needs repairing.
A. is dated from
B. was dated from
C. dates from
D. dated from
【陷阱】此题容易误选B或D，认为句中用了1688 这个过去时间，所以应选过去时态，又因为date from 不用于被动语态，所以只能选D。
【分析】其实此题的最佳答案应是C，因为date from 的意思是“自某时起存在至今”(＝have existed since)，它通常用于一般现在时，而不用过去时态(尽管其后接的总是表示过去的时间)。如：
The church dates from 1176. 这座教堂是六世纪建的。
The castle dates from the 14th century. 这座城堡是14世纪建的。
但若所谈论的东西现在已不复存在，则可用一般过去时。如：
The church, which dated from the 13th century, was destroyed in an earthquake two years ago. 那座教堂是13世纪建成的，两年前在一次地震中被毁了。
注：与date from 同义的date back to 也有类似用法。
6. “You’ve left the light on.” “Oh, so I have. _________ and turn it off.”
A. I’ll go
B. I’ve gone
C. I go
D. I’m going
【陷阱】容易误选D。
【分析】A和D两者均可表示将来，填入空格处似乎都可以。但实际上只有A是最佳的，因为根据上下文的语境来看，“我去把灯关掉”这一行为是说话人听了对方的话后临时想到的，而不是事先准备的。而按英语习惯：will 和be going to后接动词原形均可表示意图，但意图有强弱之分，如果是事先考虑过的意图，要用be going to；如果不是事先考虑过的，而是说话时刻才临时想到的意图，则用will。比较：
“I’ve come out without any money.” “Never mind, I will lend you some.” “我出来没带钱。” “没关系，我借给你。”(句中用will lend，表示“借”钱给对方是临时想到的，即听了对方的话后临时作出的反应)
I’ve bought a typewriter and I’m go ing to learn to type. 我买了台打字机，我想学打字。(句中用be going to learn to type，表示说话人要学打字是事先准备的，并为此买了台打字机)。
典型高考英语陷阱题详解-被动语态
1. “Do you like the material?” “Yes, it _________ very soft.”
A. is feeling
B. felt
C. feels
D. is felt
【陷阱】此题容易误选D，想当然地根据“这布料摸起来很柔软”这一句意，认为“布料”应是“被摸”，所以feel 选用被动语态。【分析】其实，此题正确答案为C，因为feel 在此为连系动词，而连系动词均为不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，尽管有时其汉语意思有被动意味。请看以下类似例子(答案均为D)：
(1) Her forehead _________ hot. I’m afraid she is ill.
A. is feeling
B. felt
C. is felt
D. feels
(2) The new school has been completed. It _________ very beautiful.
A. is looked
B. looked
C. has looked
D. looks
(3) The dish _________ nice, but the milk _________ sour.
A. is smelt, is smelt
B. is smelt, smells
C. smells, is smelt
D. smells, smells
(4) The story of his life _________ interesting.
A. is sounded
B. is sounding
C. has sounded
D. sounds
2. He was angry _________ your work. He said that he _________ at all.
A. at, didn’t satisf y
B. to, didn’t satisfy
C. at, wasn’t satisfied
D. to, wasn’t satisfied
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能被误选。
【分析】最佳答案为C。be angry at (about) sth 意为“对某事生气”，许多同学常按汉语意思将其中的介词at (about) 换成to，这是错误的。另外，许多同学将汉语的“不满意”直译为not satisfy，这是不对的，因为，satisfy在现代英语中只用作及物动词，其意不是“满意”而是“使(人)满意”，所以其后不能没有宾语，除非本身是被动语态(或是系表结构)。
学位英语典型陷阱题分析——状语从句
英语语法2009-09-20 10:13:13 阅读1181 评论0 字号：大中小
1. “May I go and play with Dick this afternoon, Mum?” “No, you can’t go out _________ your work is being done.”
A. before
B. until
C. as
D. the moment
【陷阱】容易误选B，误认为这是考查not…until…结构。
【分析】最佳答案选C。句中的your work is being done 表明“你正在做作业”，选as 表原因。
2. “I’m going to the post office.” “_________ you’re there, can you get me some stamps?”
A. As
B. While
C. Because
D. If
【陷阱】容易误选A。
【分析】最佳答案选B。尽管as 和while 均可用作从属连词引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”，但两者有一个重要区别，就是这样用的as 从句的谓语不能是状态动词。当然，如果as 不是表示“当……的时候”，其谓语是完全可以用状态动词的。如：
I went to bed early, as I was exhausted. 我很累了，所以很早就上床睡了。(此句中的as 表示原因，意为“因为”、“由于”)
请做以下两题，答案均选while，不选as：
(1) _________ you are at home alone, please don’t leave the door open.
A. While
B. As
C. Before
D. How
(2) _________ you are alone with her, tell her that you like her.
A. While
B. As
C. After
D. How
3. After the war, a new school building was put up _________ there had once been a theatre.
A. that
B. when
C. which
D. where
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案选D。where 在此引导地点状语从句，其意为“(在)……的地方”。请做以下类似试题(答案均选where)：
(1) The famous scientist grew up _________ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.
A. when
B. whenever
C. where
D. wherever
(2) She found her calculator _________ she lost it.
A. where
B. while
C. in which
D. that
(3) You should make it a rule to leave things _________ you can find them again.
A. when
B. where
C. then
D. which
(4) When you read the book, you’d better make a mark _________ you have any questions.
A. at which
B. at where
C. the place where
D. where
(5) You should let your children play _________ you can see them.
A. where
B. when
C. in which
D. that
(6) Now he works in the factory _________ his father used to work.
A. where
B. when
C. in which
D. that
4. The visitor asked to have his picture taken _________ stood the famous tower.
A. that
B. at which
C. when
D. where
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案选D。此题与上面一题有些相似，但又有所不同：相似的是，where 均表示“在……的地方”，均用以引导地点状语从句；不同的是，此题还涉及倒装，即此句的主语是the famous tower，谓语是stood，正常词序为where the famous tower stood，使用倒装是为了保持句子平衡，避免头重脚轻。
4. They kept trying _________ they must have known it was hopeless.
A. if
B. because
C. when
D. where
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案选C。when 在此的意思不是“当……的时候”，而是“尽管”、“虽然”的意思。又如：
He walks when he might take a taxi. 尽管他可以坐出租车，但他却走路。
He stopped trying when he might have succeeded next time. 尽管他本来下次就可以成功的了，但他却停止努力了。
The boy was restless when he should have listened to the teacher carefully. 这男孩子本来应该专心听老师讲的，但他却坐立不安。
有许多同学只知道when 表示“当……的时候”，而不知道它还有其他许多意思，除上面提到的表示“尽管”、“虽然”外，when 还可表示“既然”、“考虑到”。请做下面的试题(答案选D)：
Why do you want a new job _________ you’ve got such a good one already?
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. when
5. He was about to tell me the secret _________ someone patted him on the shoulder.
A. as
B. until
C. when
D. while
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案选C。when 意为“这时(突然)”，主要用于某一动作突然发生于另一动作正在进行或刚要发生之时。此时的when 可以连用副词suddenly，也可以不连用它，但值得注意的是，同学们不能单独用suddenly 来代替when，如下面各题的答案选A，不选B：
(1) I was about to go out _________ the telephone rang.
A. when
B. suddenly
C. as soon as
D. directly
(2) We were swimming in the lake _________ the storm started.
A. when
B. suddenly
C. until
D. before
(3) She was walking down the road _________ she heard someone shouting for help.
A. when
B. suddenly
C. until
D. before
6. The fire went on for quite some time _________ it was brought under control.
A. when
B. since
C. after
D. before
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案选D。before 意为“在……之前”，句意是“大火在得到控制之前燃烧了相当一段时间”。类似地，以下两题也选before：
(1) He made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation _________ it got worse.
A. until
B. when
C. before
D. as
(2) Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up _________ I could answer the phone.
A. as
B. since
C. until
D. before
(3) She is getting better by degrees, but it will be some time _________ she is completely well.
A. that
B. since
C. when
D. before
(4) They sat down opposite each other, but it was some moments _________ they spoke.
A. after
B. before
C. since
D. when
7. Mother asked me to take more money _________ something unexpected should happen.
A. in case
B. so that
C. in order that
D. when
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案选A。in case 起连词作用，用以引导状语从句，主要有两种意思：一是表示条件，意为“如果”、“万一”；二
是表示“目的”，意为“以防”、“免得”。如以下各题也都选in case：
(1) _________ I forget, please remind me about it.
A. In case
B. So that
C. In order that
D. When
(2) Take your umbrella just _________ it rains.
A. in case
B. so that
C. in order that
D. when
(3) Be quiet _________ you should wake the baby.
A. in case
B. so that
C. in order that
D. when
(4) Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot.
A. in case
B. so that
C. in order that
D. when
(5). I’ll keep his address _________ I need it.
A. so that
B. in order that
C. in case
D. when
8. “Shall Mary come and play computer games?” “No, _________ she has finished her homework.”
A. when
B. since
C. unless
D. as soon as
【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。
【分析】最佳答案选C。此句为省略句，答句句首的No 表明其后省略的是一个否定句，全句补充完整为：She can’t play computer games unless she has finished her homework. 请做类似试题(答案均选B)：
(1) “Would you mind my sitting here with you?” “No, _________ you aren’t too noisy.”
A. when
B. if
C. unless
D. as soon as
(2) “Will he agree to come to join us in the work?” “No, _________ we promise him more money.”
A. when
B. unless
C. unless
D. as soon as
(3) “Can you finish the work in time?” “No, _________ we don’t sleep throughout the night.”
学位英语考试重点讲解：主谓一致
英语语法 2009-08-31 16:00:34 阅读1730 评论0 字号：大中小
一致性是指句子成分之间或词语之间在人称、数、性等方面的相互一致关系。我们这里主要讲主语和谓语的一致。
需要注意以下几点：
1. 集合名词作主语时
如表示整体概念，谓语动词须用单数；如表示成员，谓语动词须用复数。例如：
The family were watching TV.全家人在看电视。
My family is a big one.我家人口多。
常见的这类名词还有army, audience, class, club, crew, crowd, committee, company, couple, group, government, party, staff, school, team, union, public等。
有些集合名词（如people, police, youth 等）谓语动词须用复数。如：
The police were tracking the murderer. 警察正在追踪凶手。
2. 数词和表示时间、度、量、温度、钱额等名词作主语表示一定的量或总和时，谓语动词多半用单数形式。如：
Three hours is enough for us to perform this experiment.
我们做这个实验有三个小时就足够了。
That five thousand dollars is yours.
那五千美金是你的。
3. 在“one of + 复数名词+定语从句”的结构中，定语从句一般修饰复数名词，所以该从句的谓语动词要用复数。如：
This is one of the longest rivers that have ever been seen.
这是曾见过的最长的河流之一。
He is one of my friends who are lawyers.
我是我当律师的朋友中的一个。
4. 由合成代词some (any, no, every) + thing (body, one) 作主语，由代词each, every one, no one, either, neither, another, the other 作主语，以及由限定词either, neither, each, every, many a, more than one 等+名词作主语时，谓语动词均用单数形式。如：
Noboday knows how many stars there are in the sky.
谁都不知道天上有多少星星。
Neither answer is correct.
两个答案都不对。
5. 某些连词连接的名词或代词作主语：根据毗邻一致的原则，与邻近的主语一致。这类连词包括or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等。如：
Neither I nor she was awarded the prize.
我和她都没有获奖。
在there be 存在句中，多数情况下也可根据毗邻一致的原则来决定谓语动词用单数还是复数。如：There are three patients in the waiting room.
候诊室里有三个病人。
There is a doctor and two nurses in the clinic.
诊所里有一个医生和两个护士。
学位英语考试重点讲解：强调句
英语语法 2009-08-31 15:59:13 阅读1319 评论0 字号：大中小
我们这里主要讲陈述句的强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who （当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其它部分。
e.g. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.
他是昨天碰见的李平。
注意：1. 构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that, who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that, who不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was …，其余的时态用It is …。
2. not … until …句型的强调句
句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分
e.g. 普通句：He didn’t go to bed until/ till his wife came back.
强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
3. 谓语动词的强调
1）It is/ was … that …结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/ does或did。
e.g. Do sit down. 务必请坐。
He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。
Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！
2）注意：此种强调只用do/ does和did ，没有别的形式；过去时用did ，后面的谓语动词用原形。
学位英语考试重点讲解：倒装
英语语法 2009-08-31 15:57:45 阅读1412 评论1 字号：大中小
1. 否定词放置句首时, 助动词或be 动词要放置主语的前面进行倒装. 常用的否定词有：not, scarcely, barely, seldom, not until, little, (in)under no circumstance, by no means, no sooner…than)。
Not until I reminded him for the third time _____ working and looked up.
A. that he stopped
B. does he stopped
C. did he stop
D. that he stopped
答案为C。
2．Only＋adv. 句子要倒装。
1）Only under such a condition will he make steady progress.
只有在这样的条件下，他才会取得扎实的进步。
3. nor, neither, so 用于句首时, 句子要倒装。
So little _____ about stock exchange that the lecture was completely beyond me.
A. did I know
B. I had known
C. I knew
D. was I know
答案为A。
4. 虚拟条件句中省略if时要倒装。
_____ you were busy, I wouldn't have bothered you with my questions.
A. If I realized
B. Had I realized
C. Did I have realized that
D. As I realized
答案为B。
学位英语考试重点讲解：从句
英语语法 2009-08-31 15:53:51 阅读1660 评论0 字号：大中小
考试涉及到的从句主要有四种，分别是定语从句、状语从句（特别是让步状语从句），宾语从句和主语从句。下面分别给同学们提示一些需要注意的问题。
1．定语从句
定语从句又分限制性和非限制性定语从句。考生要特别注意非限制定语从句的用法。从形式上看，限制性定语从句由who ,whom ,whose ,which ,that 等关系代词或when ,why, where等关系副词引导，不用逗号把主句和从句分开。而非限制性定语从句中不会出现that，而且要用逗号把主句和从句分开。
1）An old friend from abroad, _____ I was expecting to stay with，telephoned me from the airport .
A. that
B. whom
C. who
D. Which
这是一个非限制性定语从句，正确答案是B，因为此处的whom 是stay with 的逻辑宾语。
2）The United States is composed of fifty states, two of _____ are separated from the others by land or water.
A. them
B. that
C. which
D. those
正确答案为C。在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词前面可能会有介词，在介词前面还可能有其它限定词，这就更复杂一些，需特别注意。
2．状语从句
状语从句有很多种，让步状语从句是个难点。让步状语从句主要由以下一些词或词组引导：though, although, even if, even though, whether…or…, no matter wh-(或how), whatever(whoever, whichever 等)。
1） _____，you must show your ticket to go into the cinema.
A. No matter whomever you are
B. In whomever you are
C. Whoever you are
D. No matter who are you
四个选择项中，A中的Whomever多了ever，B项中in whomever部分格式不对，D项的语序不对，只有C是正确的。
2）Young _____ he is, he knows what is a right thing to do.
A. that
B. as
C. although
D. however
正确答案是B。as也可以引导让步状语从句，但通常把被强调的形容词或副词等放在句首。
3．宾语从句
宾语从句比较简单，它在主从复合句中充当宾语成份，通常可以由that，if, whether及what引导。使用宾语从句时应注意的是，有时可以设it为形式宾语，真正宾语是后边的从句。
例：I always take it for granted that I am far more intelligent than he is.
句子的it指代的是后边that从句的内容。
4．主语从句
主语从句在主从复合句中充当主语，可以引导主语从句的词有what, that以及who, why, where, when等连接代词或连接副词。为避免头重脚轻，特别是在口语中，通常设it为形式主语，与下边这些结构连用。
It is a pity that …It is an honor that …
It is a shame that …It is a good thing that …
It is a fact that …It is a surprise that …
以及
It is strange that …It is surprising that …
It is true that …It is fortunate that …
It is necessary that …It is possible(impossible)that …
1）It is desirable that he _____.
A．gives up trying
B. give up trying
C. would give up trying
D. is going to give up trying
答案B。本句也是一种虚拟语气句。
2） _____ I saw was two men crossing the street.
A. What
B. Whom
C. Who
D. That
答案为A。
从句专项练习：
1. ____________ makes mistakes must correct them.
A. What
B. That
C. Whoever
D. Whatever
2. He works too hard. That is __________ is wrong with him.
A. that which
B. that what
C. what
D. the thing what
3. He asked her ___________ she thought she could manage to come the Wednesday of the following week.
A. what
B. that
C. if
D. as
4. Jack could ask for leave on condition _____________ he was really ill.
A. for that
B. that
C. of which
D. in which
5. He spoke confidently, ___________ impressed me most.
A. so that
B. that
C. it
D. which
6. People are still talking about the historic event of years ago, ____________ man walked in space for the first time.
A. when
B. how
C. because
D. while
7. It wasn’t such a good dinner _________ she had promised us.
A. that
B. which
C. as
D. what
8. __________ is known to the world, Mark Twain is a great American writer.
A. That
B. Which
C. As
D. It
9. They decided to chase the cow away ___________ it did more damage.
A. unless
B. until
C. before
D. after
10. I’ll accept any job _________ I don’t have to get up early.
A. lest
B. as long as
C. in case
D. though
练习答案：
1-10 CCCBD ACCCB
学位英语考试重点讲解：非谓语动词
英语语法 2009-08-26 16:35:21 阅读1219 评论0 字号：大中小
动词非谓语形式包括不定式，动名词和分词，它们在句子中不能充当谓语，可以分别充当主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。虽然非谓语形式不能充当谓语，但它们仍然保留了动词的某些特征，比如说它们可以有自己的宾语，补足语或状语以及自己的逻辑主语，能成为句子的独立成分。
动词非谓语形式有一般时、进行时和完成时三种形式以及相应的主动与被动形式。在解答有关动词非谓语形式的试题时，应特别注意以下几点：
1．英语中有些动词后跟不定式作宾语，有些动词后面则接动名词作宾语，还有一些动词的后边既可以接不定式，也可以接动名词，有时意义不变，但有时却在意义上大不相同，所以必须牢记有关非谓语形式的基本知识。
1）We shall appreciate _____ from you soon.
A. being heard
B. hearing
C. to hear
D. having been heard
答案是B。appreciate 这个词后面只能接动名词，且应该是其一般式。
2）The man in the corner confessed to _____ a lie to the manager of the company.
A. have told
B. be told
C. being told
D. having told
短语动词confess to中的to是介词，不是动词不定式符号，因此选项A和B可以排除。选项C是动名词的被动式，而动名词后边已经有了宾语a lie ,因此动名词不能是被动式，因此正确答案是D。用完成形式的动名词表示这个动作在主要动词之前已经发生。
3）We all feel sorry for _____ for so long after your arrival.
A. keep you waiting
B. having kept you waiting
C. waiting for you
D. keep you wait
答案为B。
2．非谓语动词作宾语补充语时，要弄清哪些动词后面可以跟不定式作宾补，哪些动词后面可以跟分词作宾补。
1）Mr. and Mrs. Smith didn’t expect the house _____ so well.
A. to be decorated
B. to decorate
C. be decorated
D. decorating
decorate是及物动词，因此可以排除B和D，C项缺了不定式的符号to，因此正确答案为A。
2）There was so much noise that the speaker couldn’t make himself _____.
A. hearing
B. being heard
C. to hear
D. heard
hear 在本句中是及物动词，据此可以排除A和C，B项选择形式不对，因此D是正确答案。
3）The manager has his employees _____ a business report every week.
A. to write
B. written
C. writing
D. write
答案为D。have和get后面接宾补时，要用过去分词或无to不定式。
4）we are going to have our office _____ to make room for a new engineer.
A. to rearrange
B. rearrange
C. rearranged
D. rearranging
答案为C。
3．非谓语动词作状语时，尤其是分词作状语时，要注意分词的逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。
例：Arriving at the bus stop, _____ waiting there.
A. he found a lot of people
B. a lot of people were
C. he found a lot of people’s
D. people were found
根据上面所述，可以首先排除B和D，C项中的people’s结构不对，正确答案只能是A。
4．掌握好非谓语动词形式时态和语态的正确使用。如果非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主要谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时，用一般式，如果非谓语动词表示的动作在主要谓语动词所表示的动作之前，则用完成式。非谓语动词的逻辑主语是动作的发出者还是接受者决定了应当用主动式还是被动式。
例：The famous novel is said _____ into Chinese.
A. to have translated
B. to be translate
C. to have been translated
D. to translate
答案为C。
非谓语动词练习
1. It is no good ____________ to come now. He is busy.
A. if you ask him
B. to ask him
C. asking him
D. that you ask him
2. He was lucky to escape __________ to prison.
A. sending
B. being sent
C. to be sent
D. sent
3. The bedroom needs _____________.
A. clean
B. to clean
C. cleaned
D. cleaning
4. His parents ______________ last week, the child has no one to look after him.
A. having died
B. died
C. dead
D. having dead
5. ____________ a teacher in the university, it is necessary to have at least master’s degree.
A. Become
B. To become
C. One becomes
D. Becoming
6. There is a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _________ trouble.
A. making
B. to make
C. to have made
D. having made
7. I have heard both teachers and students ____________ well of him.
A. to speak
B. spoken
C. to have spoken
D. speak
8. Mrs. Brown is supposed ____________ for Italy last week.
A. to have been left
B. to be leaving
C. to leave
D. to have left
9. When _______________ the education systems of China and Britain, the professor gave no comment.
A. being asked to compare
B. asked him to compare
C. asking him to compare
D. asked to compare
10. You will see this product _________ wherever you go.
A. to be advertised
B. advertise
C. advertised
D. advertising
练习答案：
1-10 ABDAB BDDAC
学位英语考试重点讲解：虚拟语气
英语语法 2009-08-23 17:33:04 阅读1093 评论2 字号：大中小
虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式，用来表达说话人的愿望、请求、意图、建议、惊奇、设想等。虚拟语气是英语语法的难点，考生必须熟练掌握。以下从五个方面介绍。
1．虚拟条件句中虚拟语气的运用
虚拟条件句从时间上又分为与现在事实相反，与过去事实相反，与将来事实可能相反三种情况。表示与现在事实相反的，if从句用过去式，主句用would（或could, should, might）加原形动词。与过去事实相反的，if从句用过去完成时，主句用would（或could, should, might）+have done结构。与将来事实可能相反的，if 从句用should (或were to)加动词原形，主句用would加动词原形。
1）If a better material _____, the strength of the part would have been increased.
A. had been used
B. had been using
C. being used
D. using
根据前面的讲解，正确答案为A。
2）Had the weather been good, the children _____ out for a walk.
A. had gone
B. could have gone
C. would go
D. went
答案为B。与过去的事实相反。当if从句中含有were, had, should这三个词时，if可以省略，主谓倒装。
2．某些动词后的宾语从句以及某些名词后的表语或同位语从句中虚拟语气的运用这些动词或名词包括：suggest(suggestion),propose(proposal),advise (advice),demand, insist, order, request, require, recommend, desire, ask, decide等表示建议、命令或要求的词。在这些从句中，谓语形式为should加动词原形，should可以省略。
例：The general’s command was that the soldiers _____ their fort and carry out more important task.
A. would leave
B. leave
C. left
D. have left
答案为B。
3．在It is desired(或desirable), It is important等结构后面的主语从句中，动词用原形或should+原形动词。
这些结构有： It is suggested, It is requested, It was ordered, It is necessary, It is essential. It is vital, It is urgent, It is impossible, It is preferable, It is advisable, It was proposed 等。
例：It’s desired that she _____ to teach us at least twice a week,
A. comes
B. will come
C. come
D. may come
答案为C。
4．在would rather, as if/though以及wish后边that从句中虚拟语气的运用。
1）I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you _____ next month for a dinner.
A. come
B. would come
C. came
D. have come
答案为C。would rather后面的从句中，动词形式用过去式。
2）He talks as if he _____ everything in the world.
A. knows
B. knew
C. had known
D. would have know
正确答案为B。在as if/though后边的方式状语从句中，表示与现在事实相反或对现在的情况有所怀疑，动词用过去式；如果表示的是想象中的过去的动作，用过去完成时。本句表示对现在的情况有所怀疑。
3）You look as if you had seen a ghost.
此句中as if 后边是说话人想象中的过去的动作，所以用过去完成时。
4）I wish I knew his address.
在wish后边的从句中，如果指现在或将来的愿望，动词用过去式。这句话告诉我们说话人并不知道他的地址。
5）Peter wishes that he _____ law instead of literature when he was in college.
A．could study
B. studied
C. had studied
D. would study
答案为C。在wish后边的从句中，如果表示过去没有实现的愿望，动词用过去完成时。
5．在It is (high) time后边的that从句中，动词用过去式，表示该做某事了。
例：Don’t you think it is time you _____ smoking?
A. give up
B. gave up
C. would give up
D. should give up
答案为B。
虚拟语气专项练习：
1. We desire that the tour leader ____________ us immediately of any change in plans.
A. inform
B. informs
C. informed
D. has informed
2. It was proposed that the matter ___________ discussed at the next meeting.
A. will be
B. was
C. could be
D. be
3. The young driver looked over the engine carefully lest it ___________ on the way.
A. goes wrong
B. should go wrong
C. went wrong
D. would go wrong
4. It is essential that these application forms __________ back before the deadline.
A. must be sent
B. will be sent
C. are sent
D. be sent
5. It’s already 5 o’clock now. Don’t you think it’s about time ____________?
A. we are going home
B. we go home
C. we went home
D. we can go home
6. I’d rather you _____________ make any comment on the issue for the time being.
A. didn’t
B. wouldn’t
C. don’t
D. shouldn’t
7. That tree looked as if it ____________ for a long time.
A. hasn’t been watered
B. didn’t water
C. hadn’t been watered
D. wasn’t watered
8. She didn’t go to the party, but she does wish she _____________ there.
A. has been
B. had been
C. would have been
D. would be
9. ____________ the whole situation, I wouldn’t have said it.
A. If I should know
B. Had I known
C. If I knew
D. Were to know
10. The traffic was very heavy; otherwise I ______________ here 30 minutes sooner.
A. could have been
B. would be
C. should be
D. had been
练习答案：
1-10 ADBDC ACBBA
学位英语考试重点讲解：情态动词
英语语法 2009-08-23 17:28:43 阅读829 评论0 字号：大中小
1．情态动词无人称变化，在句子中和动词原形一起组成谓语。只有ought后面接to do。
情态动词后接完成时的用法:情态动词用来表示能力、允许、许诺、可能、必须、劝告、意愿等概念或态度。
2．must＋现在完成时结构：这一结构表示对过去一个动作比较有把握的猜测。
例：I believe he _____ an accident, otherwise he would have arrived on time.
A. would have had
B. could have had
C. should have had
D. must have had
答案为D。
3．should (ought to )have done用来表示本来应该做却没有做的事情。
例：I’m sorry I couldn’t get in touch with him before he left, I _____ him earlier.
A. had a telephone
B. have phoned
C. should have phoned
D. should be phoned
答案是C。中文意思是“我很抱歉我没能在他走之前和他联系上，我本应早点儿给他打电话的。”
4．could＋现在完成时，表示本来能做的事情而没有做。
例：Mary _____ that coat, but she chose to lend the money to a needy neighbour.
A. could have bought
B. must have bought
C. can buy
D. could buy
答案为A。玛丽本来可以买那件大衣的，但是她把钱借给一个更急需的邻居了。
学位英语考试重点讲解：语态
英语语法 2009-08-17 09:08:26 阅读1153 评论3 字号：大中小
一、语态的种类
语态是表示主语与谓语之间关系的一种形式。英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
二、考查重点
学位英语考试词汇语法选择练习题及答案 1._____ you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with my questions. A. If I realized B. Had I realized C. Did I have realized that D. As I realized 答案解析：B 【句意】如果知道你忙，我就不会问问题打扰你了。 【解析】此题为省略if的虚拟条件状语从句，其结构为had+主语+过去分词+句子其它，主句结构为：主语+ would had done. 2.Tom said that he wouldn’t mind _____. A. to wait for us B. waiting for us C. wait for us D. for waiting us 答案解析：B 【句意】汤姆说他不介意等我们。 【解析】mind，avoid，admit，enjoy，escape，finish，can’t help，postpone，practise，risk，suggest等动词后要求用动名词doing做宾语。 3.They do not have to pay for expensive seats at the theater, the
cinema or the opera, _____, perhaps, that show is disappointing. A. only to discover B. only discovering C. only so as to discover D. only for discovering Best Answer: A 详解：应选A项。only to do sth意为“结果只是……”，其逻辑主语是they. 4.For a child to give up his less mature idea for a more mature one, it requires that the child _____ psychologically really for the new idea. A. would be B. were C. be D. is Best Answer: C 详解：应选C项。require要求从句的谓语省略should +动词原形。 5.The current political _____ of our country is favorable for foreign investments. A. climate B. weather C. temperature D. state
英语语法大全 初中英语语法学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .
10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)
电大学位英语复习资料 1.学位英语综合 (2) 2.电大学位英语单选题 (7) 3.电大学位英语完形填空 (10) 4.电大学位英语阅读理解 (13) 5.电大学位英语作文 (19)
1.学位英语综合 一、语音题 behind B. blind breach D. least bulletin C. bullet cookie C. wolf counter B. south creature D. belief essay C. away eyebrow A. town float D. bellows flood B. blood irregular B. mirror geography C. remark latent A. squirrel master B. tiresome mountain D. captain mud D. lung notice A. stomachs occasionally D. television opposite B. balloon owner C. narrow period B. perseverance pressure A. directly quiet D. society replied A. entered scatter C. gravity schoolyard A. coo shook D. wood singer B. tongue splendid C. wretched twinkle B. drink waist A. paint 二、单选题 ______ send your motorcycle to be repaired? You'd better not drive it any more. B. Why not ______ student with a little common sense should be able to answer the question. B. Any ______ to the moon some day, I should see the surface of the moon with my own eyes. B. Were I to go ______ with the size of the whole earth , the highest mountain does not seem high at all. A. When compared All _______ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life. D. that is needed Children who are over-protected by their parents may become_____ C. spoiled Christopher Columbus was believed ______ the American continent. C. to have discovered Depending on____, Mary led us through an unknown part of the forest. A. intuition Do you think she has any ____ to refuse John's invitation? A. reason Either you or I ___ wrong on this matter. C. am Excuse me, sir. I've lost my watch. Do you have ___ time? A. the He had difficulties making himself understood, but we didn't ____impatience. C. show any sign of He is one of the students who____ always on time. B. are He is the boy ___I think scored the winning points for the basketball team. D. who He just couldn't ___what in the world she had been talking about all the time. A. figure out He must have had an accident, or he ______ then. A. would have been here He used to have a ____of stamp-collection, but he has given it up. B. hobby His _____ handwriting resulted from haste and carelessness rather than from the inability to form the letters correctly. A. unreadable His parents _____, the orphan is now taken care of by her uncle. D. having died I swimming until Father returned . B. didn’t go I didn't ask him, but he ___ to help me with my homework. B. offered I know you're planning to travel this summer, but do you know_____? D. how much it will cost I'd like to ______the lessons once more before we take the exam tomorrow. B. go over In spite of your living so far away, we both hope very much _____. B. that you come It has been a long time _____I saw you last time. A. since It is because he is too young ____ he does not understand what has happened. A. that It was difficult to guess what her ______ to the news would be. B. reaction It was essential that the application forms _______ back before the deadline. C. be sent It wasn't such a good dinner ______ she had promised us. C. as Many new ______ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education. A. opportunities Many people watch TV only to ___time. C. kill
一、句法分析 1、主语：是句子要说明的人或物,可以作主语的成分有名词，主语一般 在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！ v 1) Mr. Lee is a well-known scientist.名词作主语 v 2) He reads newspapers everyday.代词作主语 v 3) Two and ten is twelve.数词作主语 v 4) Smoking is harmful to the health.动名词作主语 v 5) To swim in that pool is a great pleasure.动词不定式作主语v 6) What we shall do next is not yet decided.从句作主语 2、谓语: 说明主语的动作，状态或特征 v 1) The new term begins on the 1st of September. v 2) His father is an engineer. v 3) She seemed happy. v 4) Li Hua showed me his album. 3、宾语:指的是及物动词涉及到的人或物 v 1) Wang Ling lent me a novel to read in the bus. v 2) The medicine is good for a cold. v 3) How many pieces do you want? v 4) My little sister always likes to ask questions. v 5) Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow? v 6) He asked me what I was going to do tonight 4、宾语补足语:在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征。 v 1) The government appointed（任命）her chief delegate （首席 代表）to the conference. v 2) I don’t believe the stor y true. v 3) You should put your things in order（有序）. v 4) The doctor advised her to stay in bed for a week. v 5) We saw the pupils playing basketball. 5、表语：位于系动词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。 v 1)Wang’s father is a doctor. v 2) He is always careless.
北京学位英语试题精讲：名词性从句 1._____ you don’t know the rule won’t be a sufficient excuse for your failure. A. It is B. That C. Because D. What 【答案】B此题考查的是that引导的主语从句。这句话的意思是：你不知道规则，这不是解释你失利的充分理由。其他选项都不能引导。 2.___ was unimportant. A. Whether he enjoyed our dinner or not B. No matter how he enjoyed our dinner C. If he enjoyed our dinner D. What he enjoyed our dinner 【答案】A。本句为主语从句，意思是“他是否喜欢我们的饭不重要。”只有A最符合题意。 3.________ we go swimming every day ________ us a lot of good. A. If...do B. That...do C. If...does D. That...does 【答案】D。每天游泳对我们有好处。从句作主语谓语动词用单数。 4. It is pretty well understood _______ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. A. that B. when C. what D. how 【答案】C。什么控制着二氧化碳的在大气中的进入和输出。 5. ________ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. A. No matter what B. No matter which C: 'Whatever D. Whichever 【答案】D。不论哪一队赢。 6. As soon as he comes back, I'll tell him when ________ and see him. A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come 【答案】A.他一回来我就告诉他你什么时候来看他。 7. John has a new car. I wonder__________ it. A. he got B. when did he get C. why he is getting D. when he got 【答案】D.约翰买了一辆新车，我想知道他什么时候买的。 8. We don’t know how ____in the park. A. the little boy got lost B. did the little boy get lost C. was the little boy lost D. tin- little boy lost 【答案】A.我们不知道这个小孩在公园里迷路了。 9. I can't remember __to come here and get my bad teeth fixed. A. I have how many times B. how many times have I C. how many times will I have D. how many times I have 【答案】D.我都记不清多少次来这里安牙了。 10. ——Is that your watch? ——No, I can't tell _____.
高中英语语法知识点总结 一、定语从句与强调句陷阱题详解 1、The factory was built in a secret place, around _________ high mountains、 A、 which was B、 it was C、 which were D、 them were 【陷阱】 容易误选A或B，将 A、B中的 which 和 it 误认为是其后句子的主语。 【分析】 最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是 high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数 was。请做以下类例题目（答案均为C）：(1) Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _________ some fruit shops、 A、 which is B、 it is
C、 which are D、 them are(2) The murder happened in an old building, beside _________ the city police station、 A、 which are B、 it is C、 which is D、 them are(3) Next month we’ll move to a new building, next to _________ a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food、 A、 which are B、 it is C、 which is D、 them are 2、 A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around _________ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?” A、 that B、 which C、 where D、 what
学位英语语法词汇 学位英语语法词汇测练（1） 例：The news coming from different parts of the world are often extremely discouraging A B C D these days. (2006.6) 例：The responsibility of the manager in such a large international enterprises is far greater A B C than his typist. D 例：It was during the 1966’s that the friendship between Edward and Jeremy reached their A B C highest point. D 例：The waste, according to the people there, has already found their way into the drinking A B C D water. (2004.3) wentong96.blog.163. 例：Those of us who work in chemical laboratories should have their lungs checked quite A B C D regularly. (2000.6) 【答案】C。句子的主语是The news，是不可数名词，因此谓语动词应当是is。 【答案】D。因为比较的对象是responsibility，因此选项D应当改为that of his typist，用that 来代替前面出现过的抽象名词responsibility。wentong96.blog.163. 【答案】C。本句的意思是“在1966年间Edward 和 Jeremy的友谊达到了顶点。”their应当改为 its，这里的its指代前面的两人的friendship，是一个抽象名词，为了与其保持数上的一致性，应当用its代替。 【答案】C。本句的意思是“那里的人们说，废品流到了饮用水里面。”their应当改为its，这里的its指代的是前面的the waste，是不可数名词，为了与其保持数的一致性，应当用its来代替。【答案】D。本句的意思是“那些在实验室工作的人应当定期对其肺部进行检查。”their应当改为our，这里的our指代前面的those of us，为了与其保持人称上的一致性，应当用our来代替。 学位英语语法词汇测练（2） 英语语法 2010-03-30 22:12:19 阅读229 评论1 字号：大中小 1. The teacher’s lecture on American history was three hours long, and Mary felt very _____. A. upset B. bored C. disturbed D. neglected 2. Her mind was so _____ by the disease that she could not remember what she had done. A. acted B. influenced C. effected D. affected 3. Every boy and girl _____ not to swim in the lake, for it is polluted. A. has been warned B. have been warned C. has warned D. have warned 4. She heard a terrible noise, _____ brought her heart into her mouth.
六年级语法总复习 亠、词汇 （一）一般过去时态 一般过去时态表示在过去的某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。例如 yesterday, last weeke nd ,last Saturday , 等连用。基本句型：主语+动词的过去式+其他。例句---------- What did you do last weekend? 你上周做什么了？ ---- I played football last weeke nd. 我踢足球了。 ★规则动词过去式的构成 1. 一般在动词原形末尾加-ed。例如：play —played 2. 词尾是e的动词直接加-d。例如：dance —da need 3. 末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。例如stop （停止）--stopped 4. 结尾是“辅音字母+y ”的动词，变“ y”为“ i”，再加-ed，例如：study-studied ★ 一些不规则变化的动词过去式 am/is —was are —were go -—went swim -— swam fly —flew do —did have —had say —-said see—sawtake —took come —came become —became get—got draw —drew hurt — -hurt read —read tell —told will —would eat — ate take —took make —made drink —drank sleep （睡 觉）—slept cut （切）--cut sit（坐）—sat begin（开始）—began th ink —thought find —found run（跑）---ra n buy —bought win -— won give（给）—gave sing —sang leave —left hear （听）--heart wear ——wore （二）一般现在时态 一般现在时态表示包括现在时间在内的一段时间内经常发生的动作或存在的状态，表示习惯性或客观存在 的事实和真理。常与ofte n ,always ,usually ‘sometimes ,every day等连用。基本句型分为两种情况： ?主语（非第三人称）+ 动词原形+ 其他。例句：----What do you usually do on the weeke nd? --------------- I usually do my homework on the weeke nd. ?主语（第三人称）+动词的第三人称单数形式+其他。例句： ---- What does Sarah usually do on the weeke nd? 萨拉通常在周末干什么？ ---- She usually does her homework on the weeke nd. 她通常在周末做她的家庭作业。 ★动词第三人称单数形式的变化规则 1 一般直接在动词词尾加-s.例如：play —plays 2. 以s ,x ,ch,sh 结尾的动词加-es。例如：watch —watches 3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加es,例如：fly —flies 4. 个别不规则变化动词，需单独记忆，例如：do —does go —goes （三）现在进行时态
学位英语知识点复习资料 人的天赋就像火花，它既可以熄灭，也可以燃烧起来。点燃它吧，让它燃烧成熊熊的大火。 学位英语知识点复习资料汇总1：重点短语语法 1.as far as=so far as 就……而言,至于 【例句】As far as I am concerned, Im not against your plan. 就我而言,我并不反对你的计划. 远到 【例句】He walked as far as the railway station yesterday evening. 昨天傍晚,他一直散步到火车站. 【总结】表示直到……为止之意时,as far as既可用于肯定句,也可用于否定句;在表示直到……程度之意的借喻说法中,as far as和so far as都可使用,但前者不及后者用得普遍.在表示就……而论之意时,as far as和so far as可互换使用.在表示只要、尽……所能之意时,应用as far as,不用so far as. 2.as if 似乎、好像 【例句】She treats himas if he were a stranger. 她待他如陌生人. 【总结】(一)as if 从句的作用.在look, seem 等系动词后引导表语从句.如:She looks as if she were ten
years younger. 她看起来好像年轻了十岁.引导方式状语从句.如:She loves the boy as if she were his mother. 她爱这男孩,就好像她是他的母亲一样. (二)as if 还可用于省略句中如果as if 引导的从句是主语+系动词结构,可省略主语和系动词,这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词.如:He acts as if (he was) a fool. 他做事像个傻子. (三)as if 从句的语气及时态as if 从句用陈述语气的情况.当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时.如:It sounds as if it is raining. 听起来像是在下雨.He talks as if he is drunk. 从他谈话的样子来看他是醉了.as if从句用虚拟语气的情况.当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时.从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下: a.如果从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时.如:ou look as if you didnt care. 你看上去好像并不在乎. b.从句表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用had+过去分词.如:He talks about Rome as if he had been there before. 他说起罗马来好像他以前去过罗马似的. c.从句表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用would/could/might+动词原形.如:He opened his mouth as if he would say something. 他张开嘴好像要说什么. 3.as long as=so long as
学位英语语法词汇考前复习题及答案 2017年学位英语语法词汇考前复习题及答案 1.Whenyou‘relearningtodrive， _____agoodteachermakesabigdifference. A.have B.having C.andhave D.andhaving 答案：B.having初学驾驶如有好的教师指导，差别很大。 2.Mr.Smithdislikes_____suchclothesbuthiswifelikes_____th em. A.towear，towear B.towear，wearing C.wearing， towearD.wearing，wear 答案：C.wearing，towear史密斯先生不喜欢穿这样的衣服，但他的妻子喜欢穿。 3.Theymustbeathome—there‘salight_____inthebedroom. A.toshine B.tobeshining C.shining D.havingshined 答案：C.shining他们一定在家里-卧室里有盏灯开着。 4.CertainlyIpostedyourletter—Iremember_____it. A.posting B.topost C.tobeposting D.haveposted 答案：A.posting我当然给你寄过信了-我记得寄过它。 5.Theymustbeathome—there‘salight_____inthebedroom. A.toshine B.tobeshining C.shining D.havingshined C.shining他们一定在家里-卧室里有盏灯开着。 6.Ifyourletterisoverweight，youmustpayforthe_____.
北京学位英语试题精讲：倒装 1. Not until I came to China ___ what kind of a country she is. A. I knew B. I didn’t know C. I did know D. did I know 【答案】D本题考查的是倒装强调句的用法。以not until开头的句子，结构为“助动词+主语+动词原形”。直到我来到中国才知道中国是一个什么样的国家。 2. No sooner ____ got to the station than it began to rain heavily. A. had I B. have I C. I had D. I have 【答案】A 本句考察no sooner…than…句型。no sooner 引导的句子要部分倒装；而no sooner 后接的事件比than后的事件要更早发生，属于过去的过去，所以用过去完成时。综上，选A 3. _____ the first to use nuclear weapons. A. At no time China will be B. Never China will be C. Will China never be D. At no time will China be 【答案】D考查倒装句的应用。以否定词开头的倒装句基本结构：否定词+情态动词/助动词+主语+表语/动宾结构。部分倒装仅仅将系动词、助动词或情态动词提前，而完全倒装则将谓语动词全部提前。 4. ____ the importance of wearing seat belts while driving. A. Little they realize B. They little do realize C. Little realize do they D. Little do they realize 【答案】D 本题考察的是倒装句式。含有否定意义的副词,如hardly, never, not, nor, neither, not only, little, seldom, scarcel, nowhere等位于句首时,句子用部分倒装的形式.提前助动词,情态动词,或be动词. 句意是“坐车时他们很少意识到系安全带的重要性.” 5. Not once ___ your sentence correctly. A. you have copied B. did you have copied C. have you copied D. have you been copied 【答案】C 表示否定的词语（如：not ,seldom, never等）放在句首时，句子采用倒装形式，故A项排除；copy的逻辑宾语时后面的sentence, 不是前面的句子主语you，故不用被动形式，D项排除，B项表达方式错误 6. Nowhere else in the world ___ more attractive scenery than is Switzerland. A. you can find B. is found C. can you find D. has been found 【答案】C。否定词nowhere放在句首，句子倒装：否定词＋助动词（be动词）+主语。常放在句首的否定词有：nowhere （没有地方），never（从不），hardly, scarcely（几乎不），little （几乎没有）等。Barely does he have enough money to live on.他几乎没有足够的钱为生。Little did I think that I would lose the game.我根本没有想到我会输掉这场比赛。 7. No sooner had they got the goods covered up ___ it started raining hard. A. when B. than C. then D. after 【答案】B。no sooner…..than…一…就…；hardly…when…一…;就…；scarcely…when…一…就…。No sooner had I lain down than the telephone rang.我刚躺下，电话铃就响了。Scarcely had
湖南成人教育学位英语【语法】重点详细解析（一） 时态语态情态动词虚拟语气非谓语动词 一、时态： 我们需要特别注意以下几种情况和句型结构： 1.一般现在时可以代替将来时，用于时间和条件状语从句中。例如： 1)Return the book immediately to the library as soon as you _____ it. A. finish B. are finished C. have finished D. are finishing 答案A。 2)Please be sure to telephone me the next time you _____. A. will come B. would come C. shall come D. come 答案D。 2.在“This is the first time…”结构中，后面的从句用现在完成时。 句子开头也可以用it代替this 例：This is the first time that I have met Jane. 3.在“It/This is +形容词最高级+名词后面的从句中，用现在完成时。” 例：This is one of the best books _____ on the subject. A. that have ever been written B. which have ever been written C. that has ever been written D. whatever have been written 答案为A。 4.在“It is/has been＋时间段＋since…后边用过去时。” 例：It has been twenty years since I left my hometown. 5.在“no sooner…than”和“hardly…when…”结构中，主句部分用过去完成时，从句部分用过去时。例如： 1)I had no sooner returned than he called.
学位英语试题精讲：限制性定语从句 1.I like the second football match __________ was held last week. A. which B. who C. that D. / 【答案】C 我喜欢上周进行的第二场足球赛。先行词match 2.There is only one thing __________ I can do. A. what B. that C. all D. which 【答案】B only修饰先行词thing 连接词选that 3.All _____ is needed is a Supply of oil． A．the thing B．that C．what D．which 【答案】B 先行词是all 连接词that 4.He talked happily about the men and books interested him greatly in the school. A．that B．when C．who D．which 【答案】A 先行词有人有物品连接词that 5.I’ve got a bottle of beer, but I haven’t got anything ______ I can open it with. A. that B. what C. where D. which 【答案】A 先行词是不定代词，连接词that 6.This is the dictionary _____ I depend a lot whenever I have problems with new words. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. for which 【答案】C 此句测试定语从句的用法.depend on 依靠,取决于.因此C为正确答案。 7.The beautiful dress _______ Miss Jones went to the ball was borrowed from a friend of hers. A．in which B．worn by C．through which D．on which 【答案】A Miss Jones went to the ball in the beautiful dress. 介词不能省略 8.The knife _______we cut the bread is very sharp. A．which B．that C．with it D．with which 【答案】D we cut the breadwith the knife介词不能省略 9.The Second World War _______ millions of people were killed ended in 1945.