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中式英语常见用词错误

中式英语常见用词错误
中式英语常见用词错误

[收稿日期]2002-09-10

[作者简介]孙筱焱(1962-),女,黑龙江哈尔滨人,英国语言文学硕士,主要从事语用学方面的研究。

[人文经纬]

中式英语常见用词错误

孙筱焱

(哈尔滨商业大学,黑龙江哈尔滨150076)

[摘 要]中式英语(Chinglish ),因其半英半汉、不英不汉,被戏称为“具有中国特色的英语”。这样的英语

每天见诸街头广告、英语报刊,贻笑洋人。本文将这一现象加以归纳并提出改正方法。

[关键词]中式英语

[中图分类号]F313 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]1671-7112(2003)03-0120-02

Common Chinglish E rrors Made by Chinese

S UN X iao -yan

(Harbin University of C ommerce ,Harbin 150076,China )

Abstract :Chinglish is comically described as “the English of Chinese characteristics ”.Such kind of English is seen in advertising displays ,journals and other places ,letting native English speakers laugh at.In this essay ,The author generalizes this kind of errors in the range of w ord usage and provides the correction.

K ey w ords :chinglish

常见的中式英语大致可归纳为两大类,一类为用词错误,另一类为句子结构错误。本文仅就用词错误加以分析。

良好的写作技巧即简洁。与做画不需赘笔,机器不需多余零件同一道理,优秀的写作中不夹杂多余成分。多余词可以细分为多余名词、多余动词、多余修饰词等。 一、多余名词

多数情况下,多余名词都不是孤立存在的,而是与冠词、介词结合,以短语的形式出现。这类多余词很容易识别,其改正方法也很简单———连同冠词、介词一起删去。例如:

to accelerate the pace of economic reform (to accelerate =to increase the pace of )

其它类的多余名词就不太容易识别了,但稍加推敲,就会发现这类词在句中起的不过是画蛇添足的作用。一旦略去,句义非但不模糊,反清晰。例如:

following the realizing of m odernization of agricul 2ture …

很明显m odernization 本身即“现代化”中的“化”,realizating of 使句子显得虚浮而冗长。

inner -Party dem ocracy is a subject that has been discussed in detail …

复合句使句子复杂化,并没有加强句义,反使其显得繁琐。

有一种名词需特别指出,因为它是中式英语中最为常见的多余词。这类词的作用只是介绍一个动词或名词,在这种结构中,第一个名词只是给第二个名词归类,而这种类别又是为人们所熟知的,因而这类名词要连同附着的冠词、介词一起删去。例如:

a serious mistake in the w ork of planning

二、多余动词

与多余名词一样,中式英语中有许多多余动词短语。他们通常与名词、冠词、介词结合在一起。大致可将其分为3种:

多余动词+名词

例如:We must make an im provement in our w ork.句中的make 不仅使语气变弱,也使句子显

021—2003年第3期总第70期哈尔滨商业大学学报(社会科学版)

JOURNA L OF H AR BI N UNI VERSITY OF C OM MERCE N o.3,2003Serial N o.70

得毫无色彩,而用im prove则既可达到简洁的目的,又可做到富于动感。此句宜改为We must im2 prove our w ork。

这种结构有时会出现在被动语态中,但这只是这种句式的一个变体,改正的方法与前者相同。例如:

An im provement must be made in our w ork.

(Our w ork must be im proved)

多余动词+多余名词+第三词

由上例可见,在第一类错误中,所用的短语动词模糊而空泛,不能达到表达特定行为,将动词责任转换到名词上的效果。而在第二种情况中,这类名词同样不能实现这一目的。以our efforts to reach the goal o f modernization为例,名词g oal与动词reach所表达的意识相差无几。实际上,the g oal of不过是多余名词的又一例子。也就是说,这句话中动词的作用由第二个名词m odernization完成了。既然第一个名词在该句中没起一点作用,它同样可以连同多余动词一起省去。句子最后改为:our efforts to m odernize。这类句式已被扩展为:“多余动词+多余名词+第三词”形式。第三词通常为另一个名词或动名词。由于这个新词的功能相当于一个动词,因而就应以动词形式出现。

但有时这个第三词需要一个起动词作用的形容词。在这种情况下,需要将该形容词转换为动词,无用词一概省去。例如:

This measure will have a restrictive effect on the activities of speculator.

(This measure will restrict the activities of specu2 lators.)

We failed to take care to ensure that there must be an all-round balance between the various planned tar2 gets.

(We failed to ensure an all-round balance be2 tween the planned targets.)

特定动词+名词

中式英语中常出现这种典型的引导性动词短语滥用,这一结构本可由言简意赅的同义动词代替,其它结构的使用无疑使动作的表达更显得拖沓。例如:

It is especially necessary to make great efforts to assimilate the achievements of other cultures.

(It is especially necessary to assimilate the achievements of other countries.

All enterpises must pay attention to prom oting ex2 cellent w orkers.

(All enterprises must see to it that excellent w ork2 ers are prom oted.)类似的短语还有:pay heed to,lay stress on,attach im portance to,stress,em phasize等。

三、多余修饰语

多余修饰语的种类很多,大致可分为3种,即:修饰语堆叠;不言自明性修饰语;强化性修饰语。

修饰语堆叠

许多形容词、副词从汉语句子直译成英语时,他们的意思已包含在或寓于句子的其它成分里,如果英译句中再加入这些词,只会起到画蛇添足的作用。例如:

Previously we used to overem phasize the need for class struggle.

a valuable treasure,an advance forecast,various kinds of,a series of,all s orts of等。

不言自明修饰语

严格地说,这类修饰语不是针对另一个词,之所以多余是因为它们所表达的含义句子中已给出了。例如:

Departments of scienific research should take steps to make a proper readjustment.既然是adjustment,当然要proper,而make a readjustemet=readjust,所以该句应改为:

Departments of scientific research should readjust …

强化性修饰语

起强化效果的修饰语有时用得分过强调,在英语中是不能被接受的,即过犹不及。例如: All s ocial circles are tremendously enthusiastic about providing education.

用enthusiastic强调就够了,tremendously纯属添足之笔。又如:

I am deeply convinced that the normalization of Sino-Japanese relations can certainly be realized.句中to realize the normalization of=to normalize,cer2 tainly也就失去了应有的效果,不如改为:I am deeply convinced that Sino-Japanese relations can be normalized.

[责任编辑:张鲜华]

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 孙筱焱:中式英语常见用词错误

常见英文简历用词汇总

常见英文简历用词汇总 个人资料有用词汇 A Useful Glossary for Personal Data name 姓名 alias 别名 pen name 笔名 date of birth 出生日期 birth date 出生日期 born 出生于 birth place 出生地点 age 年龄 native place 籍贯 province 省 city 市 autonomous region 自治区prefecture 专区 county 县 nationality 民族,国籍citizenship 国籍 duel citizenship 双重国籍address 地址 current address 目前地址

present address 目前地址permanent address 永久地址postal code 邮政编码 home phone 住宅电话office phone 办公电话business phone 办公电话Tel.电话 sex 性别 male 男 female 女 height 身高 weight 体重 marital status 婚姻状况family status 家庭状况married 已婚 single/unmarried 未婚divorced 离异 separated 分居 number of children 子女人数none 无 street 街 lane 胡同,巷 road 路

district 区 house number 门牌 health 健康状况 health condition 健康状况blood type 血型 short-sighted 近视 far-sighted 远视 color-blind 色盲 ID card No.身份证号码 date of availability 可到职时间available 可到职membership 会员,资格president 会长 vice-president 副会长director 理事 standing director 常务理事secretary general 秘书长society 学会 association 协会 research society 研究会

常见词或词组的用法

常见词或词组的用法 1.Why do you went a new job, _______you’re got such a good one already? A that B where C which D when 解:when=(Since,consideringthat)既然,考虑到 2.They can sell their beef ______a high price in the market. A in B with C at D on 解:价格在某一点上,是十分具体的,用at。故选C 3.________I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person. A While B Since C Before D unless 解:while 此时引导让步状语从句,相当于although. 句意为:尽管我承认这个人不完美,我实际上的确喜欢他。 4. in that(this)case 如果那样(这样) in any case 无论如何;不管怎样 in ho case 任何情况都不 in case of +n. (pron) 以后;万一 in case 假如,万一,连词,常引导条件状语从句 5.a large (great) number of +可数名词 a large (great) amount of +不可数名词 6. He left the place,_____never to come back. A. determined B. to detemined C. being detemined D. having determined 解:选A. detemined never to come back 作伴随状语.determined. 7.The school is more beautiful now than ______ in the past A.it B.that C I D this 8.The number of stubents in this school _____ by 5% every year A improves B increase C rises D raises 解:数量增加到多少常用rises 故选C 增加力气用increase 9.The plane crashed in to the sea when its engine ______. A struch B damaged C failed D destroyed 解:damage,destroy 是及物动词,在空白处应用被动形式。Struck与句子意义不吻合。 fail 为不及物动词,意为stop working properly(失灵,失去作用)。

高中英语中常见的派生词

教材中常见的派生词 派生法是通过在词根上加后缀或前缀来构成新词的一种方法。通过派生法构成的单词可归为以下46种后缀词和19种前缀词 一、后缀 (一)名词后缀 1.—er,—or构成表示人或物的名词 travel旅行→traveller / traveler旅客 foreign外国的→foreigner 外国人 buy买→buyer购买者 village村庄→villager村民 run跑→runner赛跑者 swim游泳→swimmer游泳者 rule统治→ruler统治者 use使用→user用户 view观看→viewer观众 train训练→trainer教练 draw拉→drawer抽屉 review评论→reviewer评论家 print印刷→printer打印机 engine发动机斗→engineer工程师 report报告→reporter记者 lead领导→leader领导者 operate操作→operator操作者 act表演→actor演员 invent发明→inventor发明家 2.—ist 人;主义者 piano钢琴→pianist'p??n?st /'p??-] 钢琴家 commune|| k?'mju?n] 公社→communist/'k?mj?n?st]

共产主义 type打字→typist打字员reception接待斗→receptionist接待员social社会的→socialist社会主者 3.- ism主义 tour旅游→tourism旅游业 commune公社→communism共产主义social社会的→socialism社会主义 Marx马克思→Marxism马克思主义 4.—ese (……地方的) 人;语言 China中国→Chinese中国人;Japan日本→Japanese|d??p?'ni?z]日本语 5.一an(一ian)(……地方的)人 America美国→American美国人 Australia澳大利亚→Australian Europe欧洲→European欧洲人 Russia俄国→Russian俄国人 Asia亚洲→Asian亚洲人 music音乐→ musician音乐家 Politic政治→politician 政治家 library图书馆→librarian图书管理员 Italy意大利→Italian意大利人 6.—(t)ion (—ation) 动作;状态 invent发明→invention发明 instruct指导→instruction说明书 operate做手术→operation手术 collect收集→collection收藏品 dictate听写→dictation听写 invite邀请→invitation请帖 compete竞争→competition竞introduce介绍→introduction介绍pronounce发音→pronunciation 发音

广外学生英文简历常用词汇

学生工作 团委 the League Committee 学生会 the Student Union 学生社团/协会students’ association/society 勤工助学 work-study program 志协 the volunteers association 骨干 backbone/mainstay 外联部 the public relations department 咨询部部长 Secretary of the Consulting Department 团支书 Secretary of the Youth League Branch Committee 副主任 Deputy Director 副书记 Vice Secretary 级长 chairman of the class committee 秘书长 secretary-general 辅导员助理 assistant to the political instructor/ assistant 党建小组 Study Group on the Party Construction 文体委员 Recreation and Sports Secretary 学习委员 Study Secretary (Commissioner?) 生活委员 Life Secretary 宣传委员 Publicity Secretary 组织委员 Organization Secretary 云山自律委员会 Yunshan Self-discipline Commision 晚会主持人 the host on the entertainment / evening party 礼仪队 reception team/ protocol team 社会实践 三下乡 serving the country people in three aspects/ Volunteer activities for the country people/ Bringing three voluntary services to the countryside or rural communities 广东省大学生职业生涯规划大赛 Guangdong College Students Career Planning Competition 广交会(中国出口商品交易会) Chinese Export Commodities Fair / Canton Fair 大运会 National University Games 民运会 Traditional Ethnic Minority Sports Meet 奖项 优秀团日活动 Excellent League Activity 优秀团员 Excellent League Member 三好学生 Excellent Student/top students in IQ, EQ and PE/ “Three-goods” student 文明学生 Well-behaved Students

初中英语常见动词短语归纳

初中英语常见动词短语归纳 A)动词+ 介词 agree with同意......的意见(想法);符合 base on以......(为)根据 listen to听...... get to到达...... fall off (从......)掉下 help ... with ...帮助(某人)做(某事) knock at /on敲(门、窗) laugh at嘲笑 learn ... from ...向......学习 live on继续存在;靠......生活 look after照顾,照看 look at看;观看 look for寻找 look like看起来像 pay for (sth.)付钱;支付 point at指示;指向 point to指向...... prefer to ...宁愿(选择);更喜欢

quarrel with (和某人)吵架 regard ... as ...把......当作......;当作 stop ... from阻止......做...... talk about说话;谈话;谈论 talk with与......交谈 think about考虑 think of认为;想起 B)动词+ 副词 ask for请求;询问 carry on坚持下去;继续下去 cut down砍倒 clean up清除;收拾干净 come down下来;落 come along来;随同 come in进来 come on来吧;跟着来;赶快 come out出来;出现;(花)开;发(芽) come over过来;顺便来访 drop off放下(某物);下车 eat up吃光;吃完 fall behind落在......后面;输给别人 fall down跌倒;从......落下

(完整版)派生词-高中英语派生词归纳

高中英语派生词归纳[ 参照普通高中英语课程标准词汇表]

二、写出下列单词的名词 1. absent ---- absence 2. accurate ---- accuracy 3. achieve ---- achievement 4. adjust ---- adjustment 5. admit ---- admission 6. affect ---- effect 7. advertise ---- advertisement 8. advise ---- advertisement 9. agent ---- agency 10. analyse ---- analysis 11. apologize ---- apology 12. announce ---- announcement 13. appreciate ---- appreciation 14. argue ---- argument 15. arrange ---- arrangement 16. arrive ---- arrival 17. assess ---- assessment 18. associate ---- association 19. assume ---- assumption 20. bleed ---- blood 21. blind ---- blindness 22. build ---- building 23. celebrate ---- celebration 24. behave ---- behavior 25. child ---- childhood 26. choose ---- choice 27. collect ---- collection 28. communicate --- communication 29. conclude ---- conclusion 30. congratulate ---- congratulation 31. connect ---- connection 32. construct ---- construction 33. contain ---- container 34. contribute ---- contribution 35. convenient ---- convenience 36. decide ---- decision 37. decorate ---- decoration 38. defend ---- defendence 39. describe---- description 40. develop ---- description 41. difficult ---- difficulty 42. disabled ---- disability 43. distant ---- distance 44. enter ---- entrance 45. equal ---- equality 46. equip ---- equipment 47. evident ---- evidence 48. examine ---- examination 49. exist ---- existence 50. expect ---- expectation 51. explain ---- explanation 52. express ---- expression 53. greet ---- greeting 54. grow ---- growth 55. fail ---- failure 56. feel ---- feeling 57. hungry ---- hunger 58. imagine ---- imagination 59. ill ---- illness 60. important ---- importance 61. impress ---- impression 62. independent ---- independence 63. inform ---- information 64. instruct ---- instruction 65. intelligent ---- intelligence 66. introduce ---- introduction 67. invite ---- invitation 68. judge ---- judgement 69. laugh ---- laughter 70. lose ---- loss 71. marry ---- marriage 72. mean ---- meaning 73. mix ---- mixture 74. move ---- movement 75. occupy ---- occupation 76. open ---- opening 77. operate ---- operation 78. permit ---- permission 79. pollute ---- pollution 80. press ---- pressure 81. proud ---- pride 82. prepare ---- preparation 83. pronounce ---- pronunciation 84. protect ---- protection 85. punish ---- punishment 86. record ---- recorder(机器)87. require ---- requirement 88. responsible ---- responsibility 89. review---- review 90. reserve ---- reservation 91. secure ---- security 92. shave ---- shaver 93. shop ---- shopping 94. sick ---- sickness 95. spell ---- spelling 96. starve ---- starvation 97. suggest ---- suggestion 98. survive ---- survival 99. tense ---- tension 100. think ---- thought 101. train ---- training 102. treat ---- treatment 103. violent ---- violence lo4. warm ---- warmth 105. weigh ---- weight 106. wise ---- wisdom 107. young ---- youth 108. know ---- knowledge 109. across ---- cross 110. confident ---- confidence 111. appoint ---- appointment 112. slave ---- slavery 113. birth ---- birthplace /birthday 114. social ---- socialism 115. weak ---- weakness 116. sharp ---- sharpener 117. dark ---- darkness 118. long ---- length 三、写出下列单词的形容词 1. centre ---- central 2. challenge ---- challenging 3. change ---- changeable / changeful 4. cheer ---- cheerful 5. cloud ---- cloudy 6. day ---- daily 7. danger ---- dangerous 8. delight ---- delighted 9. disturb ---- disturbing 10. dust ---- dusty 11. east ---- eastern 12. west ---- western 13. south ---- southern 14. north ---- northern 15. energy ---- energetic 16. enjoy ---- enjoyable 17. end ---- endless 18. bear ----unbearable 19. agriculture ----agricultural 20. face ---- facial 21. fantasy ---- fantastic 22. fool ---- foolish 23. forget ---- forgetful 24. gold ---- golden 25. health ---- healthy 26. humor ---- humorous 27. love ---- lovely 28. mistake ---- mistaken 29. nature ---- natural 30. noise ---- noisy 31. pain ---- painful 32. peace ---- peaceful 33. poison ---- poisonous 34. power ---- powerful 35. race ---- racial 36. rain ---- rainy 37. reason ---- reasonable 38. religion ---- religious 39. salt ---- salty 40. self ---- selfish 41. skill ---- skilled / skillful 42. snow ---- snowy 43. suit ---- suitable 44. technique ---- technical

英文简历常用词汇(个人资料篇)

英文简历常用词汇(个人资料篇) 本文是由个人简历网个人简历下载频道为大家提供的《应届毕业生个人简历模板下载》,希望对大家有所帮助。 Managed logistics for executive committee meetings that include but not limited to facility, attendees, agendas and travel arrangements and attendees for events 文秘专业个人简历自我评价(一) 在校三年里,在笃诚勤奋,自强不息”的校训激励下,始终以提高自身的综合素质为 目标,以自我的全面发展为努力方向,树立正确的人生观、价值观和世界观。尊师守纪, 关心集体,品德优良,学习态度端正. 工作经历证明模板(一) 兹证明,本单位___________同志,男,于_________年____月____日出生。身份证号:_________________________________。 留学俄罗斯如果留学生申请不到宿舍时,就要自己在校外租房了。这时更要考虑安全 问题,最好选择离学校近的地方租住民房,如果不得以必须在较远的地方租房时,要首先 请教有经验的人,问清该地区的安全状况后,才能租住。 英文简历的常用词汇1 (一) name 姓名 alias 别名 pen name 笔名 date of birth 出生日期 birth date 出生日期 born 出生于 birth place 出生地点 (二) age 年龄 native place 籍贯 province 省

city 市 autonomous region 自治区prefecture 专区 county 县 nationality 民族,国籍citizenship 国籍 duel citizenship 双重国籍(三) address 地址 current address 目前地址present address 目前地址permanent address 永久地址postal code 邮政编码 home phone 住宅电话 office phone 办公电话business phone 办公电话Tel.电话 (四) sex 性别 male 男 female 女 height 身高 weight 体重 (五) marital status 婚姻状况family status 家庭状况married 已婚 single/unmarried 未婚divorced 离异 separated 分居 (六) number of children 子女人数none 无 (七) street 街 lane 胡同,巷 road 路 district 区 house number 门牌

英语常用短语的用法与练习(1)

英语常用短语的用法与练习(1) 1. above all首先;尤其;最重要的是; 例句: ①We have all but finished the work. ②The day turned out fine after all. ③Children need many things ,but above all they need love. ④He wasn't at all tired. ⑤Do you feel ill at all(真的,确实)? ⑥There were twenty in all at the party. ⑦Never waste anything, and above all, never waste time.不要浪费东西,尤其是不要浪费时间。 短语: above all是从事物的重要性上说的“首先,最重要的是”。first of all 是从事物的排列顺序上说的“第一”。in all表示“总共;总而言之”。after all表示“毕竟”。all in all 从各方面考虑;总的来说;not at all 不用谢;all long 一直,始终;all but 几乎,差点没(=almost,nearly)配套练习: 单项填空 ①—Would you like to see a film with me? —I’d love to, but I cannot; ____ , I am busy. For another, I don’t want to go out today.

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