介词和连词
介词是用来表明词与词?句与句之间关系的词。介词是虚词，不能重读，不能单独做成分，后面一般有名词?代词或相当于名词的其它词?短语或从句做它的宾语。介词和它的宾语一起构成介词短语，在句中做定语?状语?表语?补足语。
知识点一：.介词的分类
1.形式上的分类
类别特点例词
简单介词由一个词构成at ,about, above , across, after, against, along, among, around, before, behind, below, between
合成介词由两个合在一起构成without,within,nearby,inside，throughout, into, onto,outside
短语介词由几个介词或一个介词和
其它词构成
regardless of, because of, thanks to, owing to, as a
result/consequence of, rather than, apart from,
except for, but for, in place of, in front of, at the
top/bottom of, on behalf of, in case of
分词介词部分动词的-ing用作介词considering, regarding, depending on, concerning, including,
2.意义上的分类
类别例词
时间介词at, in, on, since, for, during, until, till, by, before, after, between, from...to, throughout
地点介词at, in , on, around, above, below , over, in front of, behind, inside, outside, beside, next to, close to, near, by, across, opposite, through, within, onto, into, off , towards, to, from... to, among, against(倚靠)
原因介词because of, for, at, with, from
比较介词as, like, over(超过), to(与...相比)
条件介词but for(要不是)，considering(考虑到)，in case of 让步介词despite, in spite of, regardless of
其它介词for(支持)，against(反对),without/with(没/有)，besides, except/ but/other than(除了)，instead of,
知识点二：常用介词的用法
1.at
1). 在某处at the corner of the street at the concert at home arrive at the station
2). 处于…状态at war at lunch at work at table at a disadvantage
at sb/sth’s best/worst
3). 在...时刻/钟点/时期/岁at that moment at noon at dawn at dusk at night at sunrise at daybreak at the weekend at the age of at Christmas at 2 o’clock
4).以...速度/价格/代价at a speed of 80 kph at full/high speed at a high/low price
at the expense of at a rate of
5).at+名词表示“一......就”at the sight of at the sound of at the thought of
6).at与动词连用，表示“对/朝/向(目标，方向等) ”aim at laugh at shoot at
throw sth at point sth at
7)表示“应......邀请/请求/号召/吩咐”at our request at the chairman’s invitation
at one’s command
8).与形容词连用，表“因...而”“在...方面”be surprised at sth be astonished at sth
be shocked at be angry at be disappointed at sth be good at painting
be delighted at the result be impatient at the delay
9).其它：call me at 637-2233
2.in
1). 在...时间内in the morning/afternoon/evening in spring/summer/autumn/winter
in the fall of 2016 in January
2). 在(某段时间)之后in a few days in a month in a week’s time
3). 在...空间/范围内in Africa be lying in bed read about the accident in the newspaper
4). 处于...状态in good/bad condition in a good state in danger in debt
in despair in ruins in trouble in use in operation in preparation in love
5). 表示使用语言，材料等say it in English in pencil put it in writing pay in cash speak in a loud voice
6). 其它：be dressed in their best clothes in a row three metres in length in tears
in an attempt to in total in comfort in conclusion in consequence in principle
in depth in detail in disguise in effect in practice in existence in case
in store in person in place in need in demand in order in sight
3.on
1). (覆盖,附着)在...之上(尤指某物的表面上) on the wall on the Thames
on the surface of the lake hit sb on the head
2). 表时间，在特定的日子里on Sunday on May the first on the morning of March 8th
On Christmas Day on your birthday on one occasion
3). 关于give a talk on the economic situation differ from each other on some important matters
a ban on smoking
4). 处于活动或状态中be on business/holiday/vacation a soldier on watch be on fire
5). 按照，凭，根据，靠act on his advice live on rice be based on facts
6). 就在...之后，一...就(后接名词或动名词) on his arrival/return on arriving home
on hearing the news
7). 其它：stand on one foot hang your coat on that hook come on my bike Have you got any money on you be on the committee on our side
talk on the telephone a town on the coast
4.for
1). 为了，给，替(表示目的，对象) come here for advice prepare for a meeting
a book intended for children a knife for cutting bread
Here’s a letter for you wok for IBM
2). 历经，计，达(表示时间，距离，数量) The bad weather has lasted for an entire week
walk for miles
3). 支持，赞成Are you for or against the proposal? vote for giving up smoking
4). 由于，因为be famous for its hot springs be praised for his good deeds
get an award for bravery
5). 当做，作为What did you have for lunch? Don’t take him for a fool
You must have mistaken me for Lisa
6). 其它：. I’ll swap these two bottles for that one. That’s too much responsibility for a child The box is too heavy for me to lift They are anxious for her safety
She has an ear for music have a gift for writing
for ever永远地for sale for free/nothing免费for all 虽然，尽管
5.by
1). 在...旁边，靠近stand by the window Come and sit by me
2). 用，靠，通过，借助于(表示方式，手段) by train/air/plane/sea/ship/land/bus/car
make a living by selling newspapers know sb by name pay by cheque
contact you by letter or by telephone
3). 不迟于，在...之前return the book by Friday
By the time this letter reaches you ,I will have left the country.
4). 按照，以(表示数量，尺寸，程度等，单位词前用the) be paid by the day/hour
sell it by the meter judge a man by his looks/clothes
5) 表示程度，数量The bullet missed him by two inches(子弹以两英寸之差未击中他)
He is taller than his father by a head/two centimeters
House prices went up by 10%
6). 表示触及或抓住的人或物的部分take him by the hand seize him by the hair
pick it up by the handle
7). 其它：be knocked by a bus meet by chance take my umbrella by mistake
with time going by work by candlelight
6.against
1). 以......为背景，衬托。The love story unfolds against a background of civil war.(这爱情故事以内战为背景展开）
His red clothes stood out clearly against the snow.(他的红衣服在白雪中格外显眼)
2). 反对，与......相反，逆向......，违反play/fight against the league champion（和联赛冠军队比赛）against one’s will against the law
row against the current(划船逆流而上)
3). 对......不利The evidence is against him.
4). 紧靠，倚，碰，撞stand against the door The rain beat against the windows
5). 以防take out insurance against sth 办理保险以防......
6). 和......相比What’s the rate of exchange against the dollar?(与美元的兑换率是多少)
知识三：常用介词的辨析：
1.in, at, on, by 表示时间
in用于表示较长的时间段（世纪，年，月，季节，上午，下午，晚上等）。如：in the 1990s; in October; in the morning; in two days ，in one’s seventies
on用于表示特定或具体的日子，日期，星期，节日，或某一天的上午，下午，晚上前，或当morning, afternoon,evening 前有形容词修饰时。如：on New Year’s Day；at 用于表示时间点,时刻前，或把某一时间看作某一时刻的词前以及某些节假日前。如：at six o’clock ; at that time；at noon；at daybreak；at Christmas；at the spring festival；at dinner time；at weekends
by 后接时间点，表示“不迟于某时，到某时为止”
注意：all, every,each,this, next,last等限定词和时间名词连用时，前面不用介词。on every Sunday(×), in this year(×)
2.in, after表时间
in + 段时间表示以说话时间为起点的将来一段时间之后，常与将来时连用。after + 段时间，相当于段时间+later, 常与一般过去时连用；after可与表示时间点的词连用，表示过去或将来的动作，而in 不与表示时间点的词连用。如：
My father will be back from abroad in three days.
He left home and went to the front after two days (two days later)
I’ll go and see her after three o’clock.
3.for ,since表时间
for+ 时间段, 表示某动作或状态延续多长时间，主句可与现在完成时、过去时或将来时连用。since+ 过去时间点或过去时的句子，表示从过去某时延续至今，主句与完成时连用。如：
She and her family hid away for nearly 25 years before they were discovered.
I have studied French for three years.
Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times.
注意：since 还可用作连词，意为“既然，由于”，根据需要用时态。
4.by, before, until表时间
by 后接时间点，表示“不迟于某时”,包括某时在内。by后是将来的时间，主句常与将来时或将来完成时连用，by后是过去的时间，主句则与过去完成时连用。
before后接时间点，表示在某时之前，不包括某时在内。若before置于段时间之后，主句常用完成时（以区分ago），与earlier意义相近。
until“直到...为止”表示动作持续到某时为止。在非延续性动词作谓语的否定句中，until与by 可通用如：
I’ll have finished eating by nine o’clock.
The ship won’t open until/by next week。
5.except, besides, except for, but ,apart from
except表示“除...之外(其它的都)”，其后的宾语被排除在外。except后可接名词、代词、不定式及that从句。
besides表示“除...之外(其它的也)”，其后的宾语被包括在内。
except for 表示排除，但被排除的内容与主语往往不是同一类的，指从整体中除去一个细节、一个方面，常译为“只是”。
but意为“除了”，与except同义，但but常与everything,anything,none,nobody等连用，but还可构成短语cannot help but do sth(不得不做)；have no choice but to do sth(除了做...别无选择)；but for(要不是)
apart from 可相当于except,except for, besides.
知识点四：介词的固定搭配
1.介词与名词的搭配
at a loss 不知所措at the beginning of...在...开始的时候at the cost/expense /sacrifice of以...为代价at the foot of在...的脚下at the risk of 冒...的危险at the mercy of任由...摆布
on exhibition 在展览on the go忙碌on the march在进行中on account of因为，由于on condition that如果，在...的条件下on the basis of 以...为基础by accident/chance 偶然by coincidence碰巧by mistake错误地by nature天生地by turns轮流
by weight/volume/size/number 按重量/体积/大小/数量
in detail详细地in depth/height/length/size/width 在深度/高度/长度/大小/宽度上
in anger生气地in comfort舒适地in order 整齐in public 公开地
in rags 衣衫褴褛in ruins 一片废墟in silence沉默in charge of 管理，负责
in contrast to与…对比in return for 作为回报in possession of 拥有，占有
of benefit有益处的of significance有意义的under attack 遭到袭击
under discussion 在讨论中under treatment 在治疗中with delight 高兴地
with pleasure 愉快地beyond compare无与伦比beyond question 无可争辩
beyond description难以描述beyond one’s wildest dreams 超出某人期望的，出乎意料的
for the benefit of为了...的利益
interest/delight/faith/pride/confidence/trust in对...的兴趣/喜欢/信仰/骄傲/信任/信心
appetite/love/desire/hunger/taste/respect for对的欲望/热爱/渴望/渴求/爱好/尊重
(much) to one’s delight/joy/surprise/amazement/horror/regret使(非常)高兴/吃惊/恐惧/遗憾的是
2.动词与介词的搭配
account for 解释break down失灵，坏了，失败，身体跨了，失声痛哭，克服，分解break into 破门而入，突然...起来bring about导致belong to属于
call on拜访某人，号召call for去接某人，需要consist of 由...组成
date from追溯到come across偶遇，偶然找到result in 导致object to 反对
pick up接某人，捡起，无意中接听，学会，染上pick out挑选出，辨认出
set about doing开始做pay a visit to拜访，参观have access to 有机会/权利得到/使用
3.形容词与介词的搭配
be anxious/concerned/curious/excited/particular/worried/sorry/upset/serious about
be angry/astonished/surprised/delighted/disappointed/good/present/skilled at sth
be absorbed /abundant /active/dressed/engaged/experienced/involved/lacking/weak in
be anxious/eager/hungry/famous/good/ready/prepared/unfit/thankful for sth
be absent/different/far/safe/free/tired from
be devoted/similar/polite/rude/close/kind/opposed/useful/harmful/equal/contrary/blind /thankful to
be afraid/ashamed/aware/capable/full/fond/proud/short/sure/certain/tired/worthy of get rid of
be angry with sb be busy/familiar/filled/satisfied/content/strict/popular/covered/crowded with
连词
连词是连接单词?短语或句子的一种虚词，在句中不单独做成分，大多数连词具有意义。连词据性质可分为并列连词和从属连词。
一．并列连词
1.表并列，递进或顺承关系：and, both… and, not only…but also, neither… nor, not… but
2.表转折关系：but, yet, while(而，却，对比转折)
3.表选择关系：or, either…or
4.表因果关系：so, for(对前句的补充说明，不能置于句首，then/thus/hence/therefore(因此，副词用作并列连词)
5.when用作并列连词，意为“这时，那时”，相当于and at this/that time, just then.常用于下列句型：sb was/were doing sth when…；sb was/were about to do sth when …；sb was/were on the point of doing sth when…；sb was/were going to do sth when；sb had just done sth when…二．从属连词，即引导从句的连词
1.引导名词性从句(主?宾?表?同位语从句)的连词：that,if,whether,who,whom, whose,which,when, where,why,whatever,whoever...
2.引导状语从句的连词
时间状语从句：when,while ,as, before, after, until, till, since
条件状语从句：if , unless, supposing, providing, given, as long as
目的状语从句：in order that, so that, in case,
结果状语从句：so that, so...that, such...that, for fear that,
原因状语从句：because, as, since, now that ,
让步状语从句：though, although, even if,even though, 疑问词-ever
方式状语从句：as if,as though
地点状语从句：where, wherever
比较状语从句：than, as...as,
3.before.在...之前；才；就；还未来得及。常用于下列句型：It will be/take +段时间before sb do/does sth；It was/took+段时间before sb did sth；before sb know it
4.since自从，常用于：.It is/has been + 段时间since sb did sth
5.注意：because 不与so同用在一个句子中; although/though 不与but 同用在一个句子中，但可以与still,yet 连用。
实战演练：
一．语法填空
1.(2016,全国卷1)But my connection with pandas goes back ______ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, _________ I was the first Western TV reporters permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
2.(2016，全国卷2)Most of us are more focused _______ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.
3.(2016，全国卷3) In much of Asia, especially the so-called “rice bowl”cultures of China,Japan,Korea,______Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
4.(2016，全国卷3).Over time,________ the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
5.(2016，四川卷)._________it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats. The mother continued to care for the young panda _______more than two years.
6.(2016，四川卷)It was time for her to have a new baby,________ it was also time for the young panda to be independent.
7.(2016，江苏卷)________some people are motivated by a need for success, others are motivated by a fear of failure.
8.(2015，全国卷1)A few hours ________,I had been at home in Hong Kong,with its choking smog.Now,I’m here.
9.Opposite is St.Paul’s church,___________you can hear some lovely music.
10.He is a shy man,_________he is not afraid of anything or anyone.
11.___________the damage is done,it will take many years for the farmland to recover.
12.__________ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.
13.Over the next few days,they sent out invitations and prepared desserts ________ their guests.
14.Daydreamers have a bad reputation _____ being unaware _____ what’s happening around them.
15.At one time,daydreaming was thought to be a cause _____ some mental illnesses.
16.Although her description sounded wonderful,the price was ___________our range.
17.But every day,we would sit _____ the lake,looking_____ the house and dreaming of ________it would be like to live there.
18._______his 80th birthday,I sent him a letter, noting the things we all should be thankful______--good health,good friends and good outcomes.
19. A computer can only do _______you have instructed it to do.
20.If you miss this chance,it may be years _________you get another one.
21.We must find out when Karl is coming,______we can book a room for him.
22.Bach died in 1750,but it was not until the early 19th century ________his musical gift was fully recognized.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/4d1369276.html,st year was the warmest year on record,_______ global temperature 0.68 ℃above the average.
24.He wrote many children’s books, nearly half of ________ were published _____ the 1990s.
25.You have to know _________ you’re going if you’re to plan the best way of getting there.
26.___________the job takes a significant amount of time,most students agree that the experience is worth it.
27.The little pupil took his grandpa_____ the arm and walked her _____the street.
28.Reading her biography,I was lost ____admiration for _________Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.
29.I believe you’ll have a wonderful time here _______ you get to know everyone else.
30.A common memory they all have _______their school days is the school uniform.
31.Imagine you’re a student and you share a flat ______another student...
32.When he was running_______his brother,the boy lost his balance and had a bad fall.
33.There is no doubt_______this candidate’s advantage lies _____his ability to communicate _________foreigners _____ English.
34.__________he is known_____only a few people here,his reputation abroad is very great.
35.A ship in harbor is safe,but that’s not what ships are built ______.
36.Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon_______school education depends.
37.They believe that there are transport developments _______the corner that will bring a lot of changes _________the better.
38.__________ he once felt like giving up,he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.
39.The books on the desk,_______covers are shiny, are prizes for us.
40.There is only one more day to go________ your favorite music group play live.
41.The exhibition tells us ______we should do something to stop air pollution.
42.The number of smokers,_______is reported,has dropped ________ 17%in just one year.
43.It is so cold that you can’t go outside______fully covered in thick clothes.
44.Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but______Thomas Edison.
45. Have you ever heard ______the trees that are homes ______animals both on land and sea?
46.Body language can give ______ a lot about your mood, so standing ______ your arms folded can send
out a signal that you are being defensive.
47.Just _____a single word can change the meaning of a sentence,a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.
48.Most people work because it’s unavoidable.____ contrast, there are some people who actually enjoy work.
49.These comments came _____ response to specific questions often asked by local newsmen.
50.There are so many things we can learn _______ failure.
51.The only time failure is truly bad is if you use it ____an excuse to quit.
52.Many of us were raised with the saying “Waste not,want not”.None of us,__________,can completely avoid waste in our lives.
53.We must keep reminding ourselves that it is easier to get into something ________ it is to get out of it.
二．单句改错
1.(2016，全国卷1) My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live . Though not very big, but the restaurant is popular in our area.
2.(2016，全国卷1) Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are used for cooking.
3.(2016，全国卷1) My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time.
4.(2016，全国卷2) My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.
5.(2016，全国卷2) If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money.
6.(2016，全国卷3) Now I am leaving home to college. At last I will be by my own.
7.(2016，四川卷) Mom has a full-time job,so she has to do most of the houseworks. Both Dad or I planned to do something on Mother’s Day.
8.(2016，浙江卷)While they chat, my father would lift my sister and me up to sit in the top of the fridge.
9.I(2015，全国卷1) Now I am living in a city.,but I miss my hometown in the countryside. There the air is clean or the mountains are green.
10.(2015，全国卷1)Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization,the environment has been polluted.
11.(2015，全国卷2)After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing.
12.My soccer coach retired in last week.I wanted to do something special to him at his retirement party.
13.My only mistake was that I dropped some on the floor after I was packing them up.
14.It’s been a month before I came to this new school.
15.In fact ,I don’t like to go any more,so I’m afraid I’ll lose their friendship.
16.How do you think I should do? When you were me,would you talk to him?
17.My classroom was interesting because three sides of the classroom were made from glass.
18.If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I’ll never forget it.
19.A passenger realized he couldn’t find his ticket but became quite upset.Then everyone in the carriage began searching the ticket.
20.If we could show concern to others on need,the world would be a better place to live in.
21.Today, I’m going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm goes off. If you hear the alarm,stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside.
22.If you notice that when someone is missing and hurt,tell your teacher immediately.
23.We appreciate your apologies and goodwill,but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter.
24.It is wise to have as many good friends that we can.The more friends we have, the more we can learn for one another.
25.We didn’t need to do so much homework. However,we can have more time with after-school activities.
26.Nearly five years before,and under the help of our father,my sister and I planted some cherry potatoes in our back garden.
27.Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year,but we have never had any disease and insect attack problems.
常用连词和介词 常用连词 as 1.一边.一边2.当...时3.因为as soon as 一…就… as(so) long as 只要 as(so) far as 据…所知as...as 像...一样 as-- 尽管 accordingly 因此所以although, though 虽然尽管After 在...之后 A as well as B 不但A而且B before 在...之前 besides 而且 because 因为，放在主句后。both A and B 既是A又是B but 但是，而是，的确…但consequently 因此所以either A or B 不是A是B even if 即使 even though 即使 else 否则 for fear that 以防万一
furthermore 而且 however 然而 hence 因此所以 however 不论 if 如果是否 in addition 而且 in order that 为了 in case 以防假使，如果 in that 因为既然 lest 以防万一 moreover 而且 not...until--直到...才 no sooner--than-- 一…就… not so(as)...as 不像... now that 既然 no matter(what, when, where, how) 无论(什么.何时,何地……) nor 也不 neither A nor B 既不是A也不是B not only A but also B 不但A而且B nevertheless 然而 once 一旦; 一度
介词 常用介词： in 2012，in October, in spring， in the morning， in the afternoon，in the evening 2、有了表示日期的词以后，就要改用on （on总是与日子有关，具体到某一天，人命关on天） on the 1st of October, On the 20th of October，on Monday，on Monday morning 3、在午间，在夜间，在开始，在末尾时要用at at noon，at night，at the beginning，at the end，at the weekend，at Christmas（on Christmas Day，on Christmas Eve） 4、at + 时刻表示钟点。At 9 o’clock 5、注意in time及时和 on time 准时的区别 …to…表示一段时间，从何时到何时。 二、表示地理位置的in, on, to in+方位词，表示在某范围内。如中国在亚洲的东部。 on+方位词，表示与其接界。如Shandong lies on the north of Jiangsu。山东位于江苏之北。 to+方位词，指在某环境范围之外。如Taiwan lies to the east of Fujian。台湾在福建之东。 三、表示地点的at，in，on 1、at 常指小地方，及具体的地点连用。at the gate在门口，at the table在桌旁，at Dalian Statium在大连体育馆 in 一般指大地方，及泛指的地点连用。in Beijing在北京in the sky在天空in American、in a university 四、表示空间：on 和beneath，above和below，over和under的区别 above在…（偏）上方，表示两者不接触，与below（在…下面）相对。 on在…上，表示两者接触，与beneath（在…下）相对。 over 在…正上方，表示两者垂直，但是不接触，也可指“笼罩、覆盖在上面”与under（在…正下方）相对。 五、．behind表示“在……的后面”，其反义词组“in front of”表示“在……的前面”，注意与in the front of 的区别。 We must keep our hands behind our backs.我们必须一直把手放在背后。 I was walking down the street when a friend stood in front of me.当一个朋友站在我面前时，我正沿着街道散步。 There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.。教室的前面是黑板．
文言虚词“以”、“与”作介词和连词的区别 高考文言文选择题中的虚词题，即“意义和用法”异同题，学生比较容易出问题，尤其是特定语境下的“以”“与”，作介词还是连词，是学习中的难点。 首先，“以”这里讨论意义为“因为”的“以”。。 看下面句中的词语： 1、且以一璧之故逆强秦之欢，不可。 2、以其无礼于晋且贰于楚也。 3、则思无以怒而滥刑。 根据句意，三句中的“以”都表动作、行为发生的原因，均可译为“因为” “由于”，即两词“意义”相同。但，“一璧之故”中心词“故”，是名词性短语，所以从句法上来说，“以一璧之故”构成介宾短语，共同修饰句中动词“逆”，这里的“以”用作介词。 “其无礼于晋且贰于楚”则是主谓结构，“其无礼于晋且贰于楚”，介词后只能带名词或代词，不能带主谓短语，而且“晋侯秦伯围郑”已经构成单句形式，所以这里只能是连词，连接前后两个分句，相当于关联词语“因为”。所以两句话中的“以”意义相同而用法不同。“怒”是动词，前面是不用介词的，所以这里的“以”也是连词。 总之，区分表原因的“以”是介词还是连词，关键看它后面是代词、名词、名词性短语还是其他短语或分句。 再看几个句子： 4、不赂者以赂者丧。 5、赵王岂以一璧之故欺秦邪？ 6、余是以记之，盖叹郦元之简，而笑李渤之陋也。 7、不以物喜，不以己悲。 8、古人之观于天地……往往有得，以其求思之深而无不在也。 9、诸侯以公子贤，多客，不敢加兵谋魏十余年。 以上几句中“赂者”“一璧之故”“物”都是名词或名词性短语， “是”“己”都是代词，与“以”一起构成介宾短语，分别修饰 “丧”“欺”“喜”“记”“悲”，这几处的“以”均用作介词；“其求思之深而无不在”“公子贤，（公子）多客”，都是主谓短语，均构成分句，所以这两句中的“以”用作连词。 其次，“与”，这里讨论意义为“和、同”的“与”。 看下面句中加点词语： 1、彼与彼年相若也，道相似也。 2、吾与之共知越国之政。 3、举天下之豪杰，莫能与之争。 4、与其妾讪其良人。 根据句意，几个“与”都翻译成“和”“同”，但用法却不同。“彼与彼”紧相连接，不能拆分，代词并列，可以互换位置，在句中共同作主语，这里的“与”用作连词。“吾与之”却不能前后互换，因为从上下文看，是说“吾”要采取的做法，而不是大家；且前后可以拆分，在“与之”前加“必”，成为“吾必与之共知越国之政”，所以句中“与之”构成介宾短语，作“知”的谓语，“与”用
十年高考【2000-2010】英语分类汇编----连词和介词短语 〖10福建〗The girl had hardly rung the bell the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her. A. before B. until C. as D. since 〖答案〗A 〖考点〗考连词的使用 〖解析〗根据“rung the bell”和“the door was opened “的发生先后, 可以得出答案。句子的含义是：女孩还没来得及按门铃, 门就突然打开了。她的朋友们一拥而上去欢迎她。 〖10上海〗our manage objects to Tom’s joining the club, we shall accept him as a member. A. Until B. Unless C. If D. After 〖答案〗B 〖考点〗本题考查连词 〖解析〗此句意思是“除非我们经理反对tom加入俱乐部, 不然我们都应接受他成为其中一员。” 〖10安徽〗The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities, ________they have the interest. A. wherever B. whenever C. even if D. as if 〖答案〗C 〖考点〗本题考查状语从句连词辨析。 〖解析〗句意为“工程师们非常繁忙, 即使（even if）有户外体育活动的兴趣也没有时间去做。” 〖10安徽〗Just use this room for the time being, and we’ll offer you a larger one _______it becomes available A. as soon as B. unless C. as far as D. until 〖答案〗A 〖考点〗本题考查状语从句连词辨析。 〖解析〗句意为“仅暂时使用此房间, 它一（as soon as）可以正常使用, 我们就提供你一个大点的。” 〖10江西〗— Our holiday cost a lot of money. —Did it? Well, that doesn’t matter______ you enjoyed yourselves. A as long as B unless C as soon as D though 〖答案〗A 〖考点〗考查连词和具有连词作用的词组 〖解析〗as long as只要unless 除非否则as soon as 一就though虽然, 后一句为只要你玩的开心, 花多少钱就不重要。 〖10江西〗Nowadays some hospitals refer to patients ______ name, not case number. A of B as C by D with 〖答案〗C 〖考点〗考查介词 〖解析〗方式方法可以用by也可以用with, by+ n(方式), with+修饰词+ n(工具). 〖10全国Ⅰ〗Mary made coffee ________ her guests were finishing their meal . A. so that B. although C. while D. as if 〖答案〗C 〖考点〗此题考查连词的用法。 〖解析〗句意：Mary做咖啡当她的客人们将要结束用餐的时候。根据选项此题考查连词的用法。so that译为“以便”表示目的, although译为“尽管, 虽然”, as if译为“好像”, while译为“当….的时候”, 因此while符合句意, 选择C。〖10全国Ⅰ〗The little boy won’t go to sleep ______ his mother tells him a story. A. or B. unless C. but D. whether 〖答案〗B 〖考点〗此题考查连词的用法。 〖解析〗句意：这个小男孩儿不会睡觉除非他的妈妈给他讲故事。根据选项此题考查连词的用法。or译为“或者”表示选择, unless译为“除非”表示条件, but译为“但是”表示转折, whether译为“是否”, 根据句意选择B。 〖10辽宁〗The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair ______ he wanted to sit next to his wife.
英语常用介词和连词 介词 about 关于，对于，在附近，在…周围，在…范围；above 在…以上（标准），超过，过于； across 越过，交叉，横穿，在…(对面) 那边； after 在…之后（时间），在…后面； against 相反，反对，逆着，靠着； along 顺着，沿着，带着； alongside 和…并肩，与…并排，在…旁边； among 在…之中（三者以上）； around 围绕，四处，在…周围，在…范围内； as 当作，作为，以…身份； at 在…方面，在…地点，在…时刻（短时间），对准；because of 由于，因为； before 在…之前（时间），先于； behind 在…之后（物体），落后于，不如； below 在…下面（标准），到…下面； beneath 在…之下（on的反义词），低于，劣于； beside 在…旁边，和…比较； besides 除…之外，在…之外； between 在…之间（两者），介乎…之间，连接…；beyond 在…那一边，超过，迟于，晚于； but （用于nothing, nobody, who, all等词之后）除…之外；by 在附近，在旁边，经，依据，按照，通过，用；despite 尽管，不管，不论； down 在…下方，往…下方，尽头，沿着； during 在…期间，在…的时候； except 除了…之外，除非，若不是，但是； for 为了，因为，至于，对于，适合于（一段时间）
from 从…开始，始于，今后，来自，由于； in 在之内（敞开状态），从事于，在…期间（较长时间）；inside 在…之内（封闭状态），在…内部（时间），少于；into 到…里，进入到…之内，深入…之中； in spite of 尽管，不管，不论； like 象，如同； near 在…近旁，近似于； of …的，由…制成的，关于，对于，属于； off 从…离开，从…掉下，脱离； on 在…之上，依附于，在…时候,(特定的时间)； opposite 在…对面； out of 从…出来，出于，…中间有…； outside 在…之外，向…之外； over 越过，在…正上方； past 过去（时间），超过，晚于，从…经过； regarding 关于，对于，就…而论； round 在周围，环绕，在…一带，在…附近； since 自从，自…以来，从…至今，既然，因为； through 穿过，通过，从头至尾，经由，凭借； throughout 遍及，贯穿，从头至尾； till 直到…为止，直到…（才），在…以前； to 向，往，给…，直到…为止，在…之前； toward 向，对于，为了，接近，将近； under 在…正下方，在…之内，低于，未满； until 到…为止，在…以前； up 向上，在上，沿； upon 在…之上，在…后立即； with 与…一起，和…，带着…，偕同，一致； within 在…之内（时间），在…范围，不越出； without 在…外面，没有，如果没有，要没有；
介词和连词 介词是用来表明词与词?句与句之间关系的词。介词是虚词，不能重读，不能单独做成分，后面一般有名词?代词或相当于名词的其它词?短语或从句做它的宾语。介词和它的宾语一起构成介词短语，在句中做定语?状语?表语?补足语。 知识点一：.介词的分类 1.形式上的分类 类别特点例词 简单介词由一个词构成at ,about, above , across, after, against, along, among, around, before, behind, below, between 合成介词由两个合在一起构成without,within,nearby,inside，throughout, into, onto,outside 短语介词由几个介词或一个介词和 其它词构成 regardless of, because of, thanks to, owing to, as a result/consequence of, rather than, apart from, except for, but for, in place of, in front of, at the top/bottom of, on behalf of, in case of 分词介词部分动词的-ing用作介词considering, regarding, depending on, concerning, including, 2.意义上的分类 类别例词 时间介词at, in, on, since, for, during, until, till, by, before, after, between, from...to, throughout 地点介词at, in , on, around, above, below , over, in front of, behind, inside, outside, beside, next to, close to, near, by, across, opposite, through, within, onto, into, off , towards, to, from... to, among, against(倚靠) 原因介词because of, for, at, with, from 比较介词as, like, over(超过), to(与...相比) 条件介词but for(要不是)，considering(考虑到)，in case of 让步介词despite, in spite of, regardless of 其它介词for(支持)，against(反对),without/with(没/有)，besides, except/ but/other than(除了)，instead of, 知识点二：常用介词的用法 1.at 1). 在某处at the corner of the street at the concert at home arrive at the station 2). 处于…状态at war at lunch at work at table at a disadvantage at sb/sth’s best/worst 3). 在...时刻/钟点/时期/岁at that moment at noon at dawn at dusk at night at sunrise at daybreak at the weekend at the age of at Christmas at 2 o’clock 4).以...速度/价格/代价at a speed of 80 kph at full/high speed at a high/low price
连词及介词短语 1. Stand over there you’ll be able to see it better. A.or B.while C.but D.and 2. It was a pity that the great writer died his works unfinished. A.for B.with C.from D.of 3. you call me to say you’re not coming, I’ll see you at the theatre. A.Though B.Whether C.Until D.Unless 4. No one helped me. I did it all _____ myself. A. for B. by C from D to 5. We hadn’t planned to meet.We met chance. A.of B.in C.for D.by 6. It was some time we realized the truth. A.when B.until C.since D.before 7. My friend Martin was very sick with a strange fever；, he could neither eat nor sleep. A.as a result B.after all C.any way D.otherwise 8. Your uncle seems to be a good driver；, I wouldn’t dare to travel in his car. A.even so B.even though C.therefore D.so 9. That was really a splendid evening.It’s years I enjoyed myself so much. A.when B.that C.before D.since 10. —Somebody wants you on the telephone. —no one knows I’m here. A.For B.And C.But D.So 11. You must keep on working in the evening, you are sure you can finish the task in time. A.as B.if C.when D.unless 12. John became a football coach in Sealion Middle School the beginning of March. A.on B.for C.with D.at 13. he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience. A.Since B.Unless C.As D.Although 14. Please remind me he said he was going.I may be in time to see him off. A.where B.when C.how D.what 15. We thought there were 35 students in the dining hall, , in fact, there were 40. A.while B.whether C.what D.which 16. He found it increasingly difficult to read, his eyesight was beginning to fail. A.and B.for C.but D.or 17. The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, the quality of life is probably one of the highest. A.since B.when C.as D.while 18. He was about halfway through his meal a familiar voice came to his ears. A.why B.where C.when D.while 19. We won’t keep winning games we keep playing well. A.because B.unless C.when D.while 20. I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busy drying myself with a towel I heard the steps. A.while B.when C.since D.after 21. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased
介词和连词 一、考点聚焦 1、介词的分类与语法功能 （1）介词是虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词、代词（或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等）构成介词短语，在句中充当一个成分。介词分为：简单介词，如at、in、for等；合成介词，如within、inside、onto、througout等；短语介词，如according to、out of、because of、by means of、in spite of、instead of等。双重介词，如from behind / above / under、until after等。分词介词，如considering、including、judging(from / by) 等。 常见的介词宾语：名词、代词、动名词、从句、不定式等。如： ①It is going to rain this afternoon according to the weather forecast. ②He quarrelled with her yesterday. ③He succeeded in passing the final exam. ④I’m still thinking of how I can fulfil the task ahead of time. ⑤The professor will give us a talk on how to study English well. （2）介词短语在句中可作表语、定语、状语和宾补等。如： ①This machine is in good condition.(表语) ②Where is the key to my bike?(定语) ③Nothing in the world could live without air or water.(状语) ④She always thinks herself above others.（宾补） 2、介词搭配 （1）“动词+介词”搭配：注意特定搭配与同一介词与多个动词搭配意义不同的情况。 ①rob sb. of sth. / clear the road of snow(“夺去、除去”意 义的动词与of 连用) ②supply us with food / fill the glass with wine（“供给”意义的动词与with连用） ③make a desk of wood / make bread from flour / make the material into a coat（“制作、制造”意义与of、from、into连用） ④介词 + the + 部位与动词的关系（=动词 + sb.’s + 部位，可换
介词和连词 考点总结 1. 方位介词和时间介词的用法； 2. 常见的介词短语 3. 连词的用法 基础要点 1. 介词 介词一般用于名词或者代词前面，表示该词与句中其他成分的关系。介词后面的名词或代词称为介词宾语(如果是人称代词，则要用宾格)。介词和介词宾语合在一起构成介词短语。 1) 常见的方位介词及用法
3. 连词 例题演示 1. （改错题）( ) Because strawberries are very delicious, so I like them very much. A B C 解题思路：because和so不能同时出现在一个句子中，因此本题的正确答案为B 2. （单选题）I don’t have a sister ____________ a brother. A. and B. with C. or 解题思路：连接否定句和疑问句中的并列成分要用or，所以本题的正确答案为C。 提分技巧 1. 熟记介词和连词的用法。 2. 熟记常用的介词短语。 备考训练 二、用恰当的时间介词：in, on, at, from…to…, for, before, after, during, since填空。 1. My mother’s birthday is ____________ May 10th. 2. He gets up ____________ six thirty every day. 3. We have classes ____________ Monday ____________ Friday. 4. Summer comes ____________ spring. 5. ____________ summer holiday, I often swim with my father. 6. Tom gets up very early ____________ the morning. 7. ____________ you go, please turn off the light. 8. Amy does homework ____________ an hour every night. 9. John has become a doctor ____________ ten years ago.
连词和介词短语练习及解析 1. , 且多为固定搭配,无多少道理可讲, 因而对介词的掌握主要靠平时多观察、多留心、多记忆。本题中的名词effects制约着后面介词的选用。an effect on sth.意为“对某事的影响/作用”。“对……产生影响”用have an effect/the effects on sb./sth. 例如：The film had quite an effect on her. …until/till “直……才”；“不到……不”；依上下文看, 这是一位对孩子要求很严格的父亲, 由此看出他不会轻易表扬人, 直到他成为年级中拔尖的学生才表扬他。正合题意。用after时, 前后时态不对, 因为学生要先优秀后被表扬；B, D与句意不符。答案为C。 工作到很晚去完成她的报道, 目的是她的老板能在第二天最早读到它。表目的有：so that/in order that+句子；in order to/so as to do。A合题意。如果用B, 从句中不能用could,可用wanted等词。答案为A。 是固定搭配, 给……留下印象。答案为D。 because of bad weather. 因为坏天气所以球赛推迟。 引导条件状语从句。译文如果你今天下午对与医生的约会打回电话来, 我会非常感谢。 引导目的状语从句, 表示约翰把每个人都关在厨房外面的目的是能够准备做在聚会上使人们大吃一惊的事。when表示两个动作同时发生；as if的意思是“似乎”, 与所提供的情境John shut everybody out of the kitchen不相吻合；which引导定语从句时作主语、宾语或表语, 显然不是正确答案。答案为C。 8. 〖答案〗C but用于表示歉意的话(如:I’m sorry或Excuse me)的后面, 用来引起一个句子, 通常不能翻译为“但是”。 9. 〖答案〗D Believe it or not是一种口语常用的表达方式, 意思是“信不信由你”。由于距两人最后一次见面已经有三十多年了, 为了让对方相信这是事实, 用了这种表达方式。What’s more的意思是“另外；还有”；That is to say的意思是“这就是说”；In other words的意思是“换句话说”。答案为D。 10. 〖答案〗D 所提供的情境I’ll be out of town at the weekend.说明说话人不能参加宴会。所以用but表示自己虽然乐意参加, 但由于某种情况而不能参加。答案为D。 11. 〖答案〗D 所提到的情景To put things in when I move to the new flat.说明了箱子的用途。with的意思是“用”, 后接工具。如：cut with a knife用刀切。答案为D。 12. 〖答案〗A 介词by可以和表示数量的词构成短语, 表示尺寸、距离等。译文：幸运的是, 子弹在距离船长一英尺的地方与他擦肩而过, 没有射中他。答案为A。 13〖答案〗D as, until, while和when均可表时间, 但各有不同：as强调一边……一边;while “在……期间/同时”, 表转折；when有两种用法：①当……时, 从句动词不限；②就在此时, 忽然, 等于at that time, suddenly。常用的句式有：be doing…when…(正在做……突 然……); be about to do…when(正要做……突然……)；常与when连用。译文：他正要告诉我这个秘密, 这时, 有人拍了拍他的肩膀。答案为D。 14.〖答案〗A “take notice of”是“注意”。译文：居里夫人几乎不关心她晚年所得到的荣誉。
介词和连词 介词是一种虚词，不能独立充当句子成分，需与动词、形容词、名词和代词等搭配，才能在句子中充当成分。介词是用于名词或代词之前，表示词与词之间关系的词类，介词常与动词、形容词和名词搭配表示不同意义。介词短语中介词后接名词、代词或可以替代名词的词（如：动名词v-ing）。介词后的代词永远为宾格形式。 连词在句中的作用是把词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子连接起来。它不能在句中单独作句子成分。 高考重点要求： 1、介词的含义及在句中的作用。 2、介词+宾语构成短语的作用。 3、介词短语在句子中的功能的理解。 4、并列连接词和从属连接词的使用和区别。 第一节知识点概述 一、介词 （一）表示时间的介词 1.表示时间段的介词 （1）in , after in +时间段，表示从现在起往后推算一段时间. after +时间段，表示过去某时间往后推一段时间，如：He’ll come back in two days. 但钟点用after( after thre e o’clock) He left on July 2 and returned after three days. （2）in , during 表示在一段特指的时间内，可用in 或during, 如：The work was done in / during the holidays. 表示年份、月份、季节用in , 如:in 1999 ,in June , in winter （3）for the past + 时间段, during 表示在最近一段时间内，句中谓语动词常用现在完成时 I have been in Shanghai in the last few years. （4）for 表示延续一段时间 I’ll study in the U.S for two years.I’ve waited for Bingo for half an hour. 2.表示某一时间的介词 （1）at, on at 表示某一时刻，on 表示某一天或日期, 如: at 7:14, on Saturday morning on the night of May 2 一天内各段时间表达, 须选用正确的介词，请比较： in the morning on a winter / snow / cold / morning at night on the night of March 7th in the evening on Friday evening （2）before, by before 表示某一时间之前，而by 表示到某一时间止，句中谓语动词多用完成时态。如: You must get up before six. 你必须六点之前起床。 By the end of last m onth the boy had got 4 “As”. 到上月底这个男孩已得了4个A. （3）after , since after 可以表示过去某一点时间之后，通常和一般过去时连用，而since表示从过去某时间开始延续到现在的一段时间, 与现在完成时连用，如； My father lived in Shanghai after liberation .解放后我父亲住在上海.
迎战2012高考英语 连词和介词短语练习及解析 The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism the wildlife in the area. A.in B.on C.at D.with 〖答案〗B 介词的用法比较复杂, 且多为固定搭配,无多少道理可讲, 因而对介词的掌握主要靠平时多观察、多留心、多记忆。本题中的名词effects制约着后面介词的选用。an effect on sth.意为“对某事的影响/作用”。“对……产生影响”用have an effect/the effects on sb./sth. 例如：The film had quite an effect on her. —Was his father very strict with him when he was at school? —Yes. He had never praised him ________ he became one of the top students in his grade. A. after B. unless C. until D. when 〖答案〗C not never…until/till “直……才”；“不到……不”；依上下文看, 这是一位对孩子要求很严格的父亲, 由此看出他不会轻易表扬人, 直到他成为年级中拔尖的学生才表扬他。正合题意。用after时, 前后时态不对, 因为学生要先优秀后被表扬；B, D与句意不符。答案为C。 Sally worked late in the evening to finish her report __________ her boss could read it first thing next morning. A. so that B. because C. before D. or else 〖答案〗A Sally工作到很晚去完成她的报道, 目的是她的老板能在第二天最早读到它。表目的有：so that/in order that+句子；in order to/so as to do。A合题意。如果用B, 从句中不能用could,可用wanted等词。答案为A。 The speech by the mayor of Shanghai before the final voting for EXPO 2010 is strongly impressed my memory. A.to B.over C.by D.on 〖答案〗D impress on/upon sb是固定搭配, 给……留下印象。答案为D。 It was because of bad weather the football match had to be put off. A.so B.so that C.why D.that 〖答案〗D 强调状语because of bad weather. 因为坏天气所以球赛推迟。 I would appreciate it_________ you call back this afternoon for the doctor’s appointment. A. until B. if C. when D. that 〖答案〗B if引导条件状语从句。译文：如果你今天下午对与医生的约会打回电话来, 我会非常感谢。答案为B。 John shut everybody out of the kitchen _________ he could prepare his grand surprise for the party. A. which B. when C. so that D. as if 〖答案〗C
常见介词及用法 (一)表示时间的介词 1.英语里最常见的时间介词有：at, in, on, before, after和from。 2.at , in和on这三个词都表示时间。 ?at主要指具体的钟点：at half past eight 在八点半 ?in一般指某一段时间：in January 在一月份 ?on指具体在某一天：on Monday 在星期一 3.before和after表示时间的先后顺序。 ?before表示“在……之前”。 You should wash your hands before eating. 吃饭前你应该洗手。 ?after表示“在……之后”。 They often play basketball after dinner. 他们放学后经常打篮球。 4.from作时间介词含有“从……开始”的意思，常和to连用，组成 “from…to…”的结构，表示“从……到……”的意思。 We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从周一到周五上学。 (二)表示方位的介词，也就是表示位置和地点的介词。 1.小学阶段常见的方位介词有：on, in, at, under, over, above, below, about, around, between等。 2.on, over和above 这三个词都有“在……上面”的意思，但它们所表示的方位还是有些不同。 ?on表示两个物体的表面相互接触。如： There is a book on the desk. 桌上有一本书。 The boy is sleeping on the desk. 那个孩子睡在地上。 ?over表示“在……的正上方”,两个物体表面没有接触。如： There is a light bulb over my head. 在我头顶上有一个灯泡。 ?above表示两个物体中一个在另一个的上方，如： The plane is flying above the clouds. 飞机上云层上飞行。
高考英语分类汇编----连词和介词短语 1. This shop will be closed for repairs ____ further notice. A. with B. until C. for D. at 考查介词。句意：在另行通知前，这家店将停止整顿。until further notice表示“在另行通知前”。B 2. With new technology, pictures of underwater valleys can be take ______ color. A. by B. for C. with D. in 考察介词的用法。In color表示“使用彩色”。固定搭配。句意：随着科技的发展，水下沟壑的图片可以做成彩色的。D 3. Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you ______ the tough years. A. through B. up C. with D. from 考察介词用法。句意：一年中，毕业的时候是感谢那些曾经帮助过你的最好时机。A 4. When asked about their opinions about the schoolmaster, many teachers would prefer to see him step aside ________ younger men. A. in terms of B. in need of C. in favor of D. in praise of 考察介词词组用法。句子意思:当在问及对这个学校的校长有什么看法时很多老师宁愿他闪到一边去支持年轻人。in praise of表扬，in terms of就…而言，in need of需要。 C 5. I’m sorry I didn’t phone you, but I’ve been very busy_____ the past couple of weeks. A. beyond B. with C. among D. over 固定介词搭配。通过前半句“I’ve been very busy”现在完成时，可知搭配用的时间状语为“在过去的几周里”，固定搭配用介词“over the past couple of weeks=in the past couple of weeks”. 句意为：很抱歉没给你打电话，可是这几个星期我一直很忙。D 6. Sometimes proper answers are not far to seek______ food safety problem. A. in B. to C. on D. after 考查介词。句意为：有时不容易找到解决食品安全问题的适宜的办法。考查名词后的介词的固定搭配。此句中主语为answers，意为“解决办法”，作此意时后跟介词to或towards，故选B项。B 7. I always wanted to do the job which I’d been trained ______. A. on B. for C. by D. of 考查介词。语义：我经常想做我之前为之受过培训的工作，for表示目的，意为“为了…”，符合题意。 B 8. Nick, it’s good for you to read some books __________Ch ina before you start your trip there. A. in B. for C. of D. on 考查介词。on 表示关于，some books on China意为“关于中国的一些书”。句意为：“Nick，你在去中国旅行之前最好读一些关于中国的书。”故选D。D 9. He was a good student and scored _________ average in most subjects. A. below B. of C. on D. above 考察介词。句意为：他是一个好学生,大多数科目得分高于平均水平。above average高于平均数；below average低于平均数；on average平均起来，一般说来。D 10. ____ regular exercise is very important, it’s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime. A.It B. As C.Although D.Unless 考查连词。a lthough“尽管”; As “如”; Unless “除非”。句意为：尽管有规律的运动很重要，但是在睡前运动不是一个好主意。C