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英国国家文化A

英国国家文化A
英国国家文化A

Part I Blank Filling (60 blanks, 0.5 point each)

1. The United States of America is situated in the southern part of North America (except

________________ and Hawaii). The continental United States stretches 4,500 kilometers

from the Atlantic on the east to the ________________ on the west. It is bounded by

________________ on the north and by ________________ and the Gulf of Mexico on the

south, with a distance of 2,575 kilometers in between.

2. The United States is the ________________ (rank) largest country in the world in terms of

area. Its land area is 9,166,601 square kilometers.

3. The whole country is divided into ________________ (number) states and a federal district,

________________, in which the capital city of Washington is located on the Potomac River.

________________ is the largest in area of all the states, and Texas is the second.

4. The highest peak contained by the Appalachian Mountains is ________________. The

Sierras Range contains ________________, the highest peak in the US outside Alaska. The

highest mount of the United States is ________________, which lies in Alaska.

________________ in eastern California, 85 meters below sea level, is the lowest point in

the whole of NorthAmerica.

5. The five Great lakes are Lake Superior, Lake ________________, Lake ________________,

Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. They form the most important system of inland waterways in

the world. Of the five Great Lakes, only Lake ________________is wholly within the

United States. The famous ________________ Falls is located on the US-Canadian

boundary between Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.

6. ________________ is the largest city and chief port of the United States lying at the mouth

of the Hudson River. ________________, a gift from the French people in 1886, was placed

in the center of New York Harbor.

7. The most densely populated state is ________________, while the most sparsely populated

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state is ________________.

8. Since World War II, people have moved to the Southeast, Southwest, and West Coast, which

is collectively called ________________.

9. The Ivy League refers to eight private institutions of higher education located in the

Northeastern United States. They are ________________ University, ________________

University, University of Pennsylvania, ________________, Columbia University, Brown

University, Dartmouth College, Cornell University. All these universities were founded

before American Revolution except ________________ University.

10. ________________ is the United States’ central bank, charged wit h ensuring the stability and

flexibility of the nation’s monetary and financial systems.

11. The largest airports in the United States by passenger arrivals and departures are

________________ International Airport in Illinois.

12. ________________ is a district in Los Angeles, California, U.S.A., situated west-northwest

of Downtown. Due to its fame and cultural identity as the historical center of movie studios

and stars, its name is often used as a metonym for the American film and television industry.

13. ________________ theater refers to theatrical performances presented in one of the 39 large

professional theaters with 500 seats or more located in the Theatre District, New York in

Manhattan, New York City.

14. The top daily newspapers in the United States according to circulation were the

________________ Journal, ________________, ________________, and the Los Angeles

Times, each with a circulation in excess of 1 million.

15. The US Constitution is composed of a Preamble, ________________ (number) articles, and

________________ (number) amendments, among which the first ten amendments is

collectively called as ________________.

16. Congress is the legislative body, which is divided into two chambers: ________________

with ________________ (number) members and ________________ (number)

with

______________________ members.

17. The president of the Senate is the vice president of the United States. When he is absent,

________________, usually the senior senator of the majority party, carry out his duties.

18. The US President elect is ________________. He will take his power on ________________

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(date), 2009.

19. The president of the House of Representatives is ________________, who presides over the

chamber, refers bills to committees, appoints representatives to special committees, and

grants representatives the right to speak during chamber debates. 20. The Supreme Court of the United States consists of ________________ of the United States

and ________________ (number) Associate Justices, who are nominated by the President

and confirmed with the “advice and consent” of the Senate. Justices serve “during good

behaviour,”

21. The logo of the Republican Party is ________________ while that of the Democratic Party

is ________________. The color of the Republican Party is ________________ while that

of the Democratic Party is ________________.

22. During the General Presidential Election, if no presidential candidate receives a majority in

the Electoral College, then the president-elect will be selected by a vote of

________________, with each state receiving a single vote. If no vice presidential candidate

receives a majority, then the vice president-elect will be selected by a vote of

________________.

23. General Elections take place on ________________________________________ in the

Election Year (although in many states early and absentee voting begins several weeks before

Election Day).

24. The Mississippian culture dominated much of the area along the Mississippi River in

Pre-Columbian history. One of the distinguishing features of this culture

was the construction

of large earthen ________________. The people there grew ________________ and other

crops intensively, participated in an extensive trade network, and had a complex stratified

society.

25. The New World is one of the names used for the non-Eurasian/non-African parts of the Earth,

specifically ________________ andAustralia.

26. The discoverer of the New World was ________________. He and his team made four

voyages to the NewWorld. Their vessels were named as Santa Maria.

27. Spanish navigator ________________ became the first European to round the tip of South

America during a 1519-1522 voyage that became the first circumnavigation of the world.

4

28. The first successful English colony was ________________, established in 1607, on a small

river near Chesapeake Bay. The venture was financed and coordinated by the

________________, a joint stock company looking for gold. Its first years were extremely

difficult, with very high death rates from disease and starvation, wars with local Indians, and

little gold. The colony survived, barely, by turning to ________________ as a cash crop.

29. In 1620 the first group of Puritans arrived from England. In order to escape from religious

persecution at home, a group of Puritans set sail for America on a ship called the

________________.

30. Among the thirteen colonies, Province of New Hampshire, Province of Massachusetts Bay,

Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, and Connecticut Colony, the four

colonies in the north were collectively referred to as ________________. Part II Multiple Choice (20 Items, 1 point each)

1. Alaska was bought by the United States from Russia ________.

[A] during theWar of American Independence.

[B] when Abraham Lincoln was the President

[C] during the American Civil War

[D] after the end of the American Civil War

2. ________ River flows through New York City.

[A] Missouri [B] St. Lawrence

[C] Colorado [D] Hudson

3. The coasts of ________ are among the rainiest places in the world.

[A] California [B] Oregon and Washington

[C] Florida [D] New England

4. The greatest wonder is found in the forests of sequoia and fir trees on the ________ coast of

the United States.

[A] eastern [B] southern

[C] northwest [D] southwestern

5. Which of the following is NOT in Washington D.C?

[A] the US Capitol [B] theWhite House

[C] Pentagon building [D] the UN headquarters

5

6. The ________ constitute the largest ethnic-racial minority group in the United States.

[A] American Indians [B] Hispanics

[C] Blacks [D] Asian Americans

7. The state of ________ is the largest in population today.

[A] New York [B] Colorado

[C] Arizona [D] California

8. ________ along with it branches is the longest river in the United States and it also ranks the

fourth in the world.

[A] Mississippi River [B] Columbia River

[C] Missouri River [D] Ohio River

9. The poor exist in the United States because ________.

[A] the nation cannot generate the wealth to support the poor

[B] there are regular economic depressions

[C] its distribution of wealth is fundamentally unequal

[D] the country is densely populated

10. Modern corporations in the United States are anything BUT ________.

[A] diversified [B] multinational

[C] competitive [D] monopolistic

11. Which of the following cities is NOT on the Pacific coast?

[A] Baltimore [B] Los Angeles

[C] San Francisco [D] Seattle

12. The Constitution of the United States was framed in ________ in 1787.

[A] Washington [B] Boston

[C] New York [D] Philadelphia

13. Congress can overturn the President’s veto by a ________ vote of the full membership of both

houses.

[A] two-fifths [B] two-thirds

[C] three-fourths [D] three-fifths

14. The Department of ________ advises the President on foreign relations.

[A] Defense [B] State

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[C] Commerce [D] Labor

15. A Senator must be ________.

[A] over 25 years old and must have been an American citizen for at least nine years.

[B] over 30 years old and must have been an American citizen for at least seven years.

[C] over 30 years old and must have been an American citizen for at least nine years.

[D] over 25 years old and must have been an American citizen for at least seven years.

16. Representatives in the United States are elected ________.

[A] annually [B] every two year

[C] every three years [D] every four years

17. The state legislature usually consists of two houses except the state of ________.

[A] North Dakota [B] South Dakota

[C] Nebraska [D] Oklahoma

18. Although no Congressmen come from Washington DC., the capital city has ________ votes in

the General Election.

[A] 2 [B] 3

[C] 4 [D] 5

19. The NewWorld discovered by Columbus was named after ________.

[A] Amerigo Vespucci [B] Christopher Columbus

[C] Ferdinand Magellan [D] Marco Polo

20. The Constitutional Convention was held in ________ in May 1787.

[A] Boston [B] New York

[C] Philadelphia [D] Washington D.C.

Part III Term Defining (6 Items, 5 points each)

1. New England

2. The Declaration of Independence

3. The French and Indian War

4. Boston Massacre

5. The Rust Belt

6. The Stamp Act

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Part IV Questions for discussion (2 Items, 10 point each)

1.What’s your idea about the diversity of US population?

2. What’s your idea about the significances of Columbus’s discovery of the New World? And what

about its influence on the life of American Indians?

A)参考答案

I. Blank filling

(总分30 分,每个空格0.5 分;拼写错误可酌情扣分)

1. Alaska; Pacific; Canada

2. fourth

3. 50; Washington DC. (Columbia District); Alaska

4. Mitchell; Whitney; McKinley; Death Valley

5. Michigan; Huron; Michigan; Niagara

6. New York; Statue of Liberty (Liberty Statue)

7. New Jersey; Alaska

8. the Sun Belt

9. Harvard; Yale; Princeton (顺序可调); Cornell 10. Federal Reserve 11. Chicago-O’Hare (Chicago) 12. Hollywood

13. Broadway

14. the Wall Street Journal, USA Today, the New York Times (顺序可调)

15. 7; 27; Bill of Rights

16. the Senate, 100; the House of Representatives, 435 (两个house顺序可调)

17. President pro tempore 18. Obama; January 20

19. Mr. Speaker 20. Chief Justice; eight

21. elephant; donkey; red; blue (顺序不可调) 22. the House of Representatives; the Senate

23. the first Tuesday after the first Monday (in November)

24. mounds; corn (maize) 25. America

26. Christopher Columbus 27. Magellan

28. Jamestown; the London Virginia Company (Virginia Company of London), tobacco

29. Mayflower 30. New England

II. Multiple Choice

共20 题,每题一分

1-5. DDBCD 6-10. BDAAC 11-15. ADBBC 16-20. BCBAC

III. Term definition

每题5 分,语法和拼写错误看酌情扣分

1. New England

要点

A. NortheasternAmerica (如果能具体指出哪几个州,可酌情加分)

B. earliest settlements; industrial center

2. The Declaration of Independence

要点

A. who drafted

B. where it was adopted

C. significance

3. French and Indian War

要点

A. time

B. two parties

C. significance

4. Boston Massacre

要点

A. time and place

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B. what happened

C. significance

5. Rust Belt

要点

A. Area around the Great Lakes

B. source of the population movement

C. the past and the present

6. StampAct

要点

A. the time and the issuer

B. contents

C. consequences

IV. Questions for discussion

本题是自由发挥题目,考查学生根据所学知识,分析问题的能力。因此,如果学生答案

与参考要点不一致,但有出色的个人观点,也可以酌情加分。每题10 分,共20 分,语法和

拼写错误可酌情扣分。

1. What’s your idea about the diversity of US population?

要点

A. US is a melting pot (where did the ancestors of today’s Americans come from)

B. Racial and ethnic groups

C. Religious differences

D. Language diversity

E. Social classes

每个要点2分。其他情况可视具体情况加减分。

2. What’s your idea about the significances of Columbus’s discovery of the New World? And

what its influence on the life of American Indians?

The significances

A. a place to seek freedom, especially freedom of religion

B. a place to collect wealth: the capital accumulation for bourgeois revolution in Europe

C. a relief of the population tension upon developed European countries 每个要点2分。其他情况可视具体情况加减分。

The influence

A. return kindness with ingratitude: robbery of wealth

B. holocaust: killing of American Indians, 95% of American Indians were killed

每个要点2分。其他情况可视具体情况加减分。

英语国家社会与文化__翻译_第三单元

Text 英国可以说是世界上最古老的代表的民主国家,可以在1000年追查根源。其他国家也有长期的政治历史,但这些历史是由突发期显着,而经常是暴力,改变。虽然英国也拥有了政治不稳定的时期相比,说,法国,美国,还是中国的国家建设进程一直是一个进化,而不是革命。这种长期,不间断的历史仍然十分明显,在英国目前的政治体制和政治文化。 The Monarchy 政府机构,是最古老的君主(由国王规则)。这可以追溯到撒克逊人谁的,直到1066年诺曼征服公元5世纪的统治。本女王伊丽莎白二世,是国王的直系后裔埃格伯特,谁团结在他的829统治英格兰。 君主的权力,主要是来自国王的“神权古代学说”。有人认为,主权来自他从上帝的权威,不能从他的臣民。由于这种神圣的权利,尽管有不同的家庭之间,有时谁坚持战斗,他们以合法的王位继承人,君主制的实际存在,很少受到质疑。对于1000年英国有世袭的国王或女王作为国家元首,但有一个短暂的例外。在17世纪有一个在英格兰与共和党的“圆颅内战”(即所谓的,因为男人不顾流行时尚和头顶的头发很短)由奥利弗克伦威尔,谁想要废除君主制,并要求领导保皇党谁它继续。在罢黜国王查理一世在1642年,成功地圆颅党和公正十八年前的君主统治恢复。

虽然在理论上国王对他的球队的上帝在实践中,即使在中世纪,人们认为他不应该行使绝对的权力。相反,主权应该愿意接受著名男性的意见。国王是否愿意做领导之间的国王和教会一样强大,拥有土地的封建贵族,其他强大的集团的许多战役。 这是一个封建贵族和教会的反对约翰王(1199年至1216年的一些帮派)的政策。这种反对如此强烈,国王最终给予了他们的自由和政治权利宪章,但其中世纪的大宪章拉丁名称命名。大宪章放在国王的能力,他的皇室权力滥用的一些限制。这仍然被视为英国的官方对公民权利的重要体现。 The Parliament 这个词的“议会”的动词“来到往下谈”,即,讨论或交谈。这个词是第一次使用在1236年正式描述封建贵族和县和偶尔的国王召见城镇代表聚会,如果他想筹集资金。传统上,中世纪国王本应继续以自己的财富,他们自己的王室开支。如果需要额外的资源-例如,如果一个国王要发动一场战争,他经常做-他将试图说服大议会,是一种收集领先,富有贵族几次开会一年,让他提供了一些额外的钱。到了13世纪,国王发现,他们不能入不敷出的要钱此相当小,所以他们大议会扩大到包括县,市,镇的代表,让他们协助他的项目。正是在

英国国家概况及英国文化

英国国家概况及英国文化 、教育简介国名: 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国(TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland)国旗: 呈横长方形,长与宽之比为2∶1。 为“米”字旗,由深蓝底色和红、白色“米”字组成。 旗中带白边的红色正十字代表英格兰守护神圣乔治,白色交叉十字代表苏格兰守护神圣安德鲁,红色交叉十字代表爱尔兰守护神圣帕特里克。 此旗产生于1801年,是由原英格兰的白地红色正十旗、苏格兰的蓝地白色交叉十字旗和爱尔兰的白地红色交叉十字旗重叠而成。 国徽: 即英王徽。 中心图案为一枚盾徽,盾面上左上角和右下角为红地上三只金狮,象征英格兰;右上角为金地上半站立的红狮,象征苏格兰;左下角为蓝地上金黄色竖琴,象征爱尔兰。 盾徽两侧各由一只头戴王冠、代表英格兰的狮子和一只代表苏格兰的独角兽支扶着。 盾徽周围用法文写着一句格言,意为“恶有恶报”;下端悬挂着嘉德勋章,饰带上写着“天有上帝,我有权利”。 盾徽上端为镶有珠宝的金银色头盔、帝国王冠和头戴王冠的狮子。

国歌: 《上帝保佑女王》杜摯猠癡?桴?畱敥屮(如在位的是男性君主,国歌改为杜摯猠癡?桴步湩屧)国花: 1 / 10 玫瑰花国鸟: 红胸鸽国石: 钻石科学节: 1831年开始,一年举办一次科学周: 1994年开始,在每年的3月举办自然地理: 24.41万平方公里(包括内陆水域),英格兰地区13.04万平方公里,苏格兰7.88万平方公里,威尔士2.08万平方公里,北爱尔兰1.41万平方公里。 位于欧洲西部的岛国。 由大不列颠岛(包括英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士)、爱尔兰岛东北部和周围一些小岛组成。 隔北海、多佛尔海峡、英吉利海峡与欧洲大陆相望。 它的陆界与爱尔兰共和国接壤。 海岸线总长11450公里。 全境分为四部分: 英格兰东南部平原、中西部山区、苏格兰山区、北爱尔兰高原和山区。主要河流有塞文河(354公里)和泰晤士河(346公里)。

英语国家社会与文化入门_上册_翻译

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经济上才能支付得起成为骑士要满足的条件)要从小接受严格的训练,经过严格的程序才能成为骑士;骑士在受到召唤时要挺身而出,勇敢地为道义而战,率领、鼓励人们英勇顽强地奋战到底。与骑士精神紧密联系的历史事件是长达200年的十字军东征,英国军队挥舞红底金狮的旗帜以鼓舞士气,英格兰国王理查德一世因其骁勇善战而获得“狮心理查”称号。狮子在西方文化中也成为勇气、忠诚与高贵的象征。 英格兰足协的徽章“ThreeLions(三只狮子)”非常鲜明地体现了英国足球对骑士精神的继承:勇气、力量与自豪。狮子(lion)和狮心(lion2heart)是英国报纸描述足球运动员时常用的词。英国足球风格素以英勇、顽强、充满战斗精神著称。“在赛场上,英国球队运动员各个都如骑士般,体现着正直、英勇、公正、牺牲、荣誉的骑士的一些典型特征。他们跑动积极,拼抢凶猛,长传冲吊,与对手进行正面的‘交锋’,动作干脆粗犷”。欧洲大陆媒体对英国足球打法的评价是运动员勇往直前,讲求速度与拼搏,但不擅长(或不屑于)搞迂回,不讲求计谋。 绅士文化的内涵随着英国社会的发展发生着变化。大批海外殖民地建立以后,大英帝国的缔造者们意识到,仅有勇气和冒险精神不够。“大英帝国越是变成一种统治责任,……统治机构就越是感到需要保持英格兰人的‘纯洁性’。随着国外财富日积月累,国内开始强调道德规范”。维多利亚时代(1837—1901年)被公认为绅士文化发展到顶峰的时代。整个社会崇尚荣誉,讲究风度、外表举止和礼节,恪守公开竞赛、公平竞争的“费厄泼赖(fairplay)”的价值观念。 这些礼节与价值观念反映在当时的足球运动中。英国19世纪的报纸赛事报道上,对足球运动员一概冠以Mr.(先生)的称号。成立于1882年的克林西安俱

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