高考英语一轮总复习人教版新课标必修五unit3单元知识点
归纳
1. impression n.印象；感想；印记
1）固定搭配：make/ leave an impression on sb.
给某人留下印象
be under the impression that... 觉得；以为
make no impression on 对……无影响/效果
give sb. a favourable impression给某人以好的印象
First impressions are most important. 第一印象最重要。
his impression of her=her impression on him
她给他留下的印象
2）其动词形式impress用法：
impress 作“使（某人）印象深刻”时，常用结构有：impress sth. on/upon sb ./ impress sb. with sth .给……留下深刻的印象；使铭记；通常用于被动语态：
be impressed by/at/with sth.或be impressed on one’s mind/memory。如：
The teachers were most impressed by your performance in the exam.
所有老师被你们的考试成绩所深深感动
His speech made quite an impression on the audience.
他的演说给听众留下了相当好的印象。
【即境活用】
1）______________ was favourable.他给我的第一印象不错
(答案：His first impression on me / My first impression of him)
2)His trip to India made___________.他的印度之行对他的触动很大(答案：a strong impression on him)
3) He ____________________________with his sincerity. 他的真诚打动了她
(答案：impressed her )
2．take up 从事；占(时间、空间、注意力、等)；继续
[典例]
1)This table takes up too much room．这张桌子太占地方。
2)She has taken up a job as a teacher．她当上老师了。
3)This chapter takes up where the last one off．本章继续上一章的内容。
[短语归纳]
take off脱掉（衣服等）；起飞：打折：作为折扣而减价：
take over接管：获得对…的控制或管理
take apart拆开：分开后将…分成许多部分
take for把…视作：误认为
take …for granted认为……是理所当然
take down写下,记下
take back收回(诺言);
【即境活用】1）Helen always helps her mother even though going to school ______ most of her day.
A. takes up
B. makes up
C. saves up
D. puts up
（答案A ）
2）To keep healthy，Professor Johnson____ cycling as a regular form of exercise after he
retired.
A. took up
B. caught on
C. carried out
D. made for
（答案为A。）
3.constantly adv.始终；一直；重复不断地constantly.adv.不断地
【经典例句】His report was constantly interrupted by applause.
他的报告频频被掌声所打断。
【考点聚焦】constantly经常和进行时连用，如：
I’m constantly telling her to b ehave herself.
我不断地告诉她要守规矩。
e.g. Fashion is constantly changing.时尚总是日新月异。
知识拓展：constant adj.连续发生的；不断的；重复的；
4.flashback 倒叙Flashy炫耀的—flashlight手电
Flashback闪回，（小说，剧本）倒叙
Flash across 一闪而过，掠过flash by/past一闪而过
Flash sth around 炫耀
The events in his happy family life were shown in flashback.
他幸福的家庭生活是用倒叙法来表现的。
5 previous adj.先的, 前的; 事前的; 以前的
previous to 在……之前
previously adv. 先前地，以前地
1）He did better in his previous study.他在预习方面做得好。
2）His previous attempt was successful. 他以前的尝试成功了。
3）Previous to the conference we had discussed the matter.
在会议召开之前,我们讨论了这个问题.
【即境活用】汉译英
1）你以前有过这种工作经验吗？
________________________________________________________________________ _______
2）来这里之前,我为你准备了文件.
________________________________________________________________________ _______
答案：1）Do you have any previous experience of this kind of job? 2）Previous to coming here, I prepared all the documents for you.
6.Uncertainty犹豫，迟疑—uncertaintly
Be uncertain about/ of 对…不确定
In no certain terms明确有力地，不含糊地
7.guide n.&. vt. 指导，向导，导游；指引(导)
Guide sb to/ through/around
领着某人到/ 穿过/ 参观
to take ... as one's guide to action把... ...作为行动的指南
a guide to a museum 博物馆参观指南
They guided us to the teachers' office.
他们带领我们到老师办公室去。
8.opening n. 通路，口子；空缺；开放/始幕Open（adj,v）--opener 起子—opening 通道，开口
Opening ceremony开幕式opening time开始营业时间
Opening words 开场白
adj. 第一次的，开头的，开始的，开幕的
There was an opening in the wall.
Many people attended the opening of the new museum.
His opening remarks are very attractive.
9.surroundings n.[pl.] 环境；surround v. 围绕；环绕surrounding adj. 周围的；附近的
e.g. Everyone likes to work in pleasant surroundings. 人人都喜欢在愉快的环境中工作。
启发学生思考问题，哪些单词用作名词时常用复数形式
10.tolerate 容忍；忍受
Tolerance宽恕。容忍—tolerant –toleration 宽容，容忍
Tolerate + ving = bear, stand, put up with + ving 忍受，容忍
We simply cannot tolerate cheating in exams.
我们就是不能容许考试作弊行为。
I cannot tolerate her rudeness.
我不能容忍她的粗鲁无礼。
11. lack n. &v.缺乏；没有
【用法解读】1) lack 用作名词表示：“缺乏；短缺”；用作动词表示：“缺乏；短缺；没有；不足” a lack of food /money/skills 缺乏食物/金钱/技能
2）固定搭配：
for lack of 因缺乏……have no lack of 不缺乏……
lack for nothing 一无所缺be lacking in 缺乏
【经典例句】n.She showed a lack of humor.她缺少幽默
v. A coward lacks courage.怯懦者缺乏勇气
【归纳比较】辨析lack与shortage：
lack是一个通用性名词，指整体或局部的不足；
shortage在表示局部欠缺方面与lack同义，但它在指固定的、必须的或一般习惯量的总数不足时，比lack所表示的不足更甚。
【即学即用】
①The trip was cancelled through____________________.
因为缺乏兴趣这次旅行被取消了。
②He ____________________________. 他缺乏信心。
12. 2.adjust v.调整，使适应
Adjustment.n.调整，调节
Adjustable.adj.可调动的，可调节的
adjust to[搭配]适应……
The desks and seats can be adjusted (adjust) to the height of any child.
⑵My eyes haven’t adjus ted_to__the dark yet.
adjustor= adjuster调整者，调节器，调停者
13.under the mask of 在…的掩护下
14.Be back on one’s feet （困境后）恢复，完全复原
Keep one’s feet 站稳脚跟stand on one’s own feet自立
Under one’s feet 碍手碍脚，讨厌
struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
rise to one’s feet站起来jum p to one’s feet 跳起来
15.Slide into（快捷而悄声地）移动，溜进
slide over/ around sth爽快地处理（问题），略过
16.Optimism—pessimism
Optimist—pessimist
Optimistic—pessimistic
Be optimistic about 对…持乐观态度
17.press[pres] n. &v.按；压；逼迫；印刷；新闻
【经典例句】v.He pressed the doorbell.他按了门铃。
n.The book was favorably noticed by the press.
此书颇获新闻界好评。
【考点聚焦】固定搭配：press on/upon
1）努力继续或前进，如：
The boys pressed on in spite of the wind.
男孩子们不顾大风继续前进。
2）把……强加于，迫使接受，如：
I wish he’d stop trying to press his views upon his students.但愿他不再把他的观点强加给学生。
Fastener 纽扣，拉链fast fasten （v）
Fasten…to/on将…系/ 扣/ 钉/ 装在…上
18.switch n. & v. 用作名词表示“开关；转换”。用作动词表示“转换”。
a switch in在…方面转变
switch off （电灯，电器）关掉—switch on
switch over彻底转变，变换switch out关上
e.g. She made the switch from full-time to part-time work when her first child was born. 第一个孩子出生后，她就由全日工作改为非全日工作。
I can't work next week, will you switch with me? 下个周末我不能上班，咱俩换个班好不好？
19.speed up 加速
【巧记提示】speed(速度)+up(上)，让速度跟上，即加速。
【经典例句】The car sped up when there was no one.
没有人时汽车加速了。
【考点聚焦】和speed搭配的常见短语：
at a speed of 以……的速度
with speed 快速地
at full/top speed 全速地
At a speech of 以…的速度
~~~~~~~~~~~ light、sound 以光速，音速
With speed快速地speed by 很快地过去，飞逝
20.Deserted 无人居住的，被遗弃的—deserter遗弃者，逃兵—desertion遗弃，逃脱—deserts 应得的报酬，奖赏，奖罚
21.Massive大而重：或体格魁梧，相貌不凡
Huge 巨大
Enormous 巨大，超乎寻常的
Vast 范围广，数量大（面积）
22.Imitate—imitative—imitation仿制品，扮演
Imitate有/无意识地模仿
Copy 不是原色照搬
23.Move—movable—mover行动者—movement—moving—movie
24.Chinese citizen中国公民plain citizen老百姓
Citizenship公民权/身份
25.Button up紧闭，把…扣上纽扣
On the button准确，准时button it（口语）闭嘴
26.Effect影响（n）affect (v)
Effective—effectively—effectual奏效的—efficiency效率，功效
27.Instant （n）--instantly—instantaneous立刻的—instance例子，事例
At that instant在那瞬间for an instant一瞬间
On the instant 立即the instant (that)一…就
28.Disposal处理---disposed乐于…的
Dispose sb to/ towards使某人易于
To v 使某人愿意做
Of 去掉，消除
29.Greed贪婪—greedily嘴馋地
Be greedy for 对…贪婪
30.Settle定居，解决—settled稳定的—settler殖民者，移民Motivate—motivation—motive—motiveless
31.sight ① [u]视力,目光
lose sight of 看不见;忽视;忘记;失去联系
I lose sight of the words on the blackboard.
Out of sight, out of mind.眼不见，心不想。
Keep out of my sight!别再让我看见你！
②[c]景象,奇观pl. 风景,名胜
The seaside sunset was a beautiful sight.
I enjoyed seeing the sights of the West Lake.
out of sight看不见；在视野外
lose one’s sight失明
catch /have /get sight of看见，发现
in /within sight在视野内，看得见
at first sight乍一看，一看到就
at the sight of一看见
in sb’s sight在某人看来
have long /far sight远视
have short/ near sight近视
near-sighted近视眼的
32. sweep up打扫，横扫；涌向；快速地抱起
【归纳拓展】有关up的短语归纳：
speed up 加速use up 用光come up 过来
eat up 吃光sit up 熬夜/ 坐正turn up 出现/ 开大(音/水量)
【即学即用】1) He ________________________into his arms.他一把将孩子抱进怀里。
2)In pushing to the train, the children ___________the crowds of people.
A. sweeping up into
B. swept up into
C. were swept up
D. were swept up into
sweep aside放[堆]到一边, 不予理会
sweep away扫清, 迅速消灭, 肃清, 冲走
sweep off扫清; 吹走; 大量清除
sweep out扫掉; 清除
sweep over将...一扫而光
【即境活用】选择短语并用恰当的形式填空。
1) After the party, the house needed ____________.
2) The leaves were _________ into the air by the strong wind.
A. sweep off
B. sweep over
C. sweep up
D. sweep out
答案: 1.sweeping up 2. swept up
课文知识点：
1．Think about how many changes there have been in the last one thousand years.
in the last one thousand years在过去一千年时间里
in the last /past +时间
表示在过去多长时间里,与之连用的时态用现在完成时态
Great changes have taken place in our hometown in the last ten years.
2.What changes do you expect to see in your life in one thousand years’ time.
一千年之后你料想会发生什么变化。
Expect (sb.) to do sth.希望(某人)做某事
I expect to be back within a week.
I didn’t expect him to stay so long.
hope to do something 希望做某事
Joan’s hoping to study law at Harvard.
wish
wish to do something 希望做某事
I wish to make a complaint.
wish somebody something 希望某人…
We wish them every happiness in their new home.
3.I have to remind myself constantly that I am really in AD 3008.
remind ①vt. to make someone remember sth that they must do 使记住,提醒
remind sb about sth /sb to do sth /sb that (what /how …)
Please remind him to take his medicine.
He r eminded me that I hadn’t written to my mother.
②vt. to make someone remember someone that they knew or sth that happened in the past 使某人想起
remind sb of sth /sb that (what /how…)
The view reminds me of my hometown.
这部影片使他回想起在中国所看到的一切.
4.Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.我很担心这次旅行, 所以头几天心里总是不踏实。
worried about the journey 为过去分词作状语,在此处作原因状语。
worried adj. 焦虑的烦恼的担忧的;
worrisome adj. 使人烦恼的,焦虑的
5, As a result, I suffered from “time lag”. 结果我得了时间滞后症。
(1)as a result (of): 作为……的结果,由于
It snowed, as a result, she was late. 天下雪, 因此她迟到了。
result from 起因于……
result in 导致某事,造成某事(=lead to)
(2)suffer from: to experience (something unpleasant, such as an illness), especially over a
long period of time or habitually 患有(疾病等);为……所苦,因……而吃苦头。
She suffers from headache. 她患头痛病。
辨析: suffer与suffer from
suffer 意为遭受苦痛,损失,忍受侮辱等,其宾语为pain, lose, grief, insult, punishment, wrong, hardship, injustice, discouragement, disappointment, setback, suffer from 遭受战争,自然灾害带来的苦难及患病之意。
suffer from the war / the flood/ a headache… 遭受战争,洪水之苦/患头病；
suffer (from) cold and hunger 遭受寒冷和饥饿
(派) suffering n. 痛苦,苦恼;劳苦,困难
6. This is similar to the “jet lag” you get from flying, but it seems you keep getting flashbacks from your previous time period.这种病有些像乘喷气式飞机高速飞行时所引起的时差反应那样，所不同的是,它意味着你的脑海里不停地从以前的时间段一直往回闪去。
1) keep doing sth. 继续做某事
It kept raining for a week. 接连下了一星期雨。辨析:keep doing sth. 与keep on doing sth.
这两个短语都表示每隔一段时间就发生的动作,这时可互换;keep doing sth. 强调动作的连续性和客观性,而keep on doing sth.强调动作的重复性或动作执行者的决心,常含有一定的感情色彩;
keep away from 不接近;避开
keep back 留在后面,不上前;隐瞒
keep off 不接近,挡住
keep out (of) 使在外
keep up 跟上;赶上;保持
keep up with 跟上;不落人之后
7. Well-known for their expertise, his parents' company, called "Future T ours", transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.
他父母的公司叫“未来之旅”，以其技术高超闻名.他们把我装在一个时间舱里，平安的把我送入了未来。
Well-known for…
= His parents’ company was well-known for….
transport n.运送/输；交通工具v.运送transport from … to … 从…输送到…
Transport sb/sth (to) 把xx运往
Be transported back/ into （想象中）被带到
Public transport公共运输air transport空运
Ocean transport 海运rail transport铁路运输
Water transport 水运
The transport of vegetables from the farm to the market takes only half an hour.
The yellow bus transports passengers from the airport to the city
8.The air seemed thin as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left.
(1)as though /if好像, 似乎
She loves the baby as if she were its mother.
He looked as if he had known the answer.
It looks as if it is going to rain.
He acts as if a child.
He stood there, as if crying.
He opened his mouth as if to speak.
归纳：as though /if conj. 后可跟从句、形容词、名词、分词、不定式。引导从句时，通常用虚拟语气，表示与事实不符或相反的情况。如果表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用did或were，如与过去事实相反，则用过去完成时态。as though /if从句中的情况若有可能发生，用陈述语气。
Ex. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _____.
A. breaks
B. has broken
C. were broken
D. had been broken
(2)left 留下，剩下相当于一个形容词，放在被修饰的名词或anything, nothing, nobody 之后，经常用在there be结构中。
I haven’t got any money left.
There are two eggs left, if you’re hungry.
There’s nothing left in the fridge.
left / remaining
He bought a book with the __________money .
I have no money ___________.
9. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached.
由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛。
(1)过去分词hit在句中作状语，表示与主句中动作伴随发生的状况
hit: to have a bad effect on…
对……有不良的影响
How will the new law hit the unemployed? 新颁布的法令将使失业者
遭受什么样的打击？
辨析: beat, hit与strike
beat指连续地打;hit侧重指“击中”,有时也指“打一下”;strike常指“猛地一击”。“敲锣”要用strike;“打鼓”要用beat;“敲门”要用knock;“钟敲几点”要用strike;比喻意思的“打击”要用give (deal) a blow to sb.
(2)ache
He has an ache in his back.
His back aches/ is aching.
My body was all aches and pains.
My body ached all over.
cure an ache 治好疼痛feel aches 感到疼
suffer from an ache 遭受疼痛
Ache to v渴望做ache for 因…而疼痛，极度想念
Ache all over全身疼痛
10.He handed it to me and immediately hurried me through to a small room nearby for a rest.
hurry sb into 催促sb做
hurry up加快行动in a hurry 太快，急切
no hurry （口语）不用急
11. I felt better in no time. 我立刻感到舒服多了。
in on time: very quickly 立刻;马上
They will be back in no time. 他们马上就会回来。
all the time 一直, 始终
at a time 依次, 逐一, 每次
at all times 无论何时,一直
at one time从前
at times 有时
behind the times 过时的,落伍的
for the time being 暂且, 眼下
from time to time 不时,偶尔,间或
in good time 及时地，迅速地
no time to lose 刻不容缓
on time 按时
12. These hovering carriages float above the ground and by bending and pressing down on the driving stick strongly one can move swiftly.这些气垫车是在地面上漂浮着的，只要把操纵杆弄弯或压下，你就可以迅速地移动
【句型剖析】
1）by+ doing 用某种方式或手段, 如, They put out the fire by pouring water on it. 他们泼水扑灭了火；句中by bending and pressing down on the driving stick strongly修饰move swiftly,表示使气垫车“迅速地移动”的手段；driving stick中的driving为动名词作定语，表示用途，如：a sleeping car 用来睡觉的车（卧铺车）；one在句中泛指人
2）bend 弯曲；使弯曲；弯腰；弯身；常用搭配有: bend one's mind/efforts to sth. 致力于某事；bend sb.to sth. 迫使；说服bend the truth 歪曲事实
It's hard to bend an iron bar. 把铁棒弄弯很不容易
【即学即用】
①She _____________________and kissed her daughter. 她低下头吻了她的女儿
②The road_________ sharply__________________. 路向右急转弯
③He made his boss pleased________________________________.
他改进了工作老板很高兴
13.I found later that their leaves provided the room with much-needed oxygen.
provide vt.提供，供给可指提供具体的东西，还可指提供经验、机会、帮助等抽象的概念。强调“用事先准备好” 必需品来供应
supply提供，供给“补给不足”的人员或设备。
provide sb with sth /provide sth for sb为某人提供某物
supply sb with sth / supply sth to (for) sb向某人提供某物
Offer sth to sb / offer sb sth
The sun provides us with light and heat.
The company supplies paper to the printers.
11. Then Wang Ping flashed a switch on a computer screen, and a table and some chairs rose from under the floor as if by magic.
[点拨] 此句是由and连接的两个并列分句。前一个分句的谓语是appeared和flashed，后一个分句的谓语是rose。这里要注意的是flash这个动词在此句中是及物动词，表示“（使）闪现”。from under是两个介词重叠使用，表示“从下面”。
如：“Now it’s OK,” said the mechanic as he crawled out from under the car. “修好了，”那修理工从车底下爬出来说道。
[仿写] I found my pen from under the exercise book.
我从练习册下面找到了我的钢笔。
As if by magic像借了魔法似的
12.Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.
exhausted在此处是形容词，作状语，表原因。表原因的形容词(短语)或形容词化的分词多放
在句首，句子的主语亦是其逻辑主语。表原因的形容词(短语)相当于原因状语从句。Frightened (Because she was frightened), she asked me to go with her.
exhaust vt.用尽；耗尽；疲惫；使筋疲力尽
They have exhausted the supply of oxygen.
What an exhausting day!
Past Participle As the adverbial 过分作状语
Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.
Well-known for their expertise, his parents’ company …..
Confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.
Exhausted, I slid into the bed and fell fast asleep.
过去分词作状语：过去分词作状语时，说明动作发生的背景或情况，其等同于一个状语从句。vt 过去分词作状语时与主句主语构成被动关系，表示被动和完成，vi 过去分词表示状态或动作的完成。
Heated , water changes into steam .
The professor came in, followed by a group of young people .
1 作原因状语，等于as / since / because 引导从句
Moved by what she said ,we c ouldn’t help crying . = ( As we are moved by what she said …
2 作时间状语，等于when 引导时间从句，如果分词表示的动作与谓语的动作同时发生，可在分词前加when/ while / until 等使时间意义更明确。
When heated , water can be changed into steam .
Seen from the hill ,the park looks very beautiful .= ( When the park is seen from the hill…
3 作条件状语等于if / whether 引导从句
Given more attention , the cabbages could have grown better .= ( If they have been given more attention ….
Compared with you , we still have a long way to go = ( If we are compared with you …
4 作方式或伴随状语
The actress came in , followed by her fans .
She sat by the window , lost in thought .
5 作让步状语
Much tired ,he still kept on working .＝（Although he was tired ,) he ….
6 独立主格结构：当分词的逻辑主语不是主句主语时，分词可以有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。常用来表示伴随情况。
The boy rushed into the classroom , his face covered with sweat .
All things considered ,your article is of great value than hers .
Rewrite with proper conjunctions
Example : United we stand, divided we fall.
If we are united, we will stand, but if we are divided,we will fall.
1 Asked what had happened, he told us about it.
→When he was asked what had happened, …
2 Well known for his expert advice, he received many invitations to give lectures.
→Because he was well known for his expert advice, …
3 Given more time, we would be able to do the work much better.
If we were given more time,
4 Once translated into Chinese, the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers. Once it was translated into Chinese,
5 Deeply interested in medicine, she decided to become a doctor.
Because she was deeply interested in medicine,
6 Left alone at home, Sam did not feel afraid at all.
Although he was left alone at home,
现在分词与过去分词作状语
现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，；而过去分词与其逻辑主语之间则表示被动关系。
Seeing these pictures, I couldn’t help thinking of those days wh en I was in Beijing . Seen from the top of a thirty-storeyed building, Beijing looks more magnificent. (see)
选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。例如：
Used for a long time, the book looks old.
由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。
Using the book, I find it useful.
在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用
注意:1.系表示主语所处的状态
____in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. ( lose)
2.不与主语保持一致的固定结构
generally speaking一般说来
strictly/ frankly speaking 严格地说/坦白地说
judging from 从…判断
all things considered 从整体来看
taking all things into consideration全面看来
例如：Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。
Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs.
总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。（speaking 不是dogs 的动作）
Practice
1. Complete each sentences using the P.P. of the right verb.
build frighten trap follow shoot see examine
1 ________ by noises in the night, the girl no longer dared to sleep in her room.
2 The lady returned home, ________ by two policemen.
3 After having been _________ carefully, the room was locked again.
4.______ in 1949, the exhibition hall is over 50 years old.
_____ from a distance, the Opera House looks like ship sails.
If _____ in a burning building, you should send for help.
Although ______ in the leg, he continued firing at the police.
练习
1 ____ time ,he will make a first-class tennis player .
A Having given
B To give
C Giving
D Given
2 ___in 1636 ,Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States .
A Being founded
B It was founded
C Founded
D Founding
3 Unless __to speak ,you should remain silent at the conference .
A invited
B inviting
C being invited
D having invited
4 ___,but he still couldn’t understand it .
A He had been told many times
B Having been told many times
C Told many times
D Although he had been told many times
5 When first ___to the market , these products enjoyed great success .
A introducing
B introduced
C introduce
D being introduced
6 There seemed to be nothing ___to do but ___for the doctor .
A leave / send
B left / to send
C left / send
D leaving / send
7____everywhere , the wolves had no where ___themselves .
A Hunting / hiding
B To hunt / to hide
C Hunted / hiding
D Hunted / to hide
8 . The ___ morning, the father came into the lonely house, ___ by his naughty boy.
A.following, following
B. followed, followed
C. following, followed
D. followed, following
9. Mrs. White was glad to see the nurse ___ after her son and was pleased to see the boy well ___ care of in the nursery.
A.looked; taken
B. looking; taken
C. looked; took
D. looking; taking
10. The murderer was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back.
A.being tied
B. having tied
C. to be tied
D. tied
11. ___ more attention, the trees could have grown better.
A.Given
B. To give
C. Giving
D. Having given
倒装句
倒装句的定义：英语最基本的词序是主语在谓语动词的前面。
如果把谓语动词放在主语前面，就叫做倒装。
2. 倒装句的构成
a) 完全倒装
将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，称之为完全倒装。
Are you from here? 你是本地人吗？
Now comes the chance. 机会来了。
b) 部分倒装
只将助动词、系动词或情态动词移至主语之前，谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的后面，称之为部分倒装。例如：
Has he come? 他来了吗？
Seldom have we felt as comfortable as here. 我们难得像在这里这么舒服。
Only in this way can we do the work better.
只有这样我们才能把工作做得更好。
3. 倒装的原因
a) 句子语法结构的需要。例如：
Did you attend the meeting? 你参加会议了吗？
Long live peace! 和平万岁！
b) 一些句型的固定用法。例如：
Such were his last words. 他最后的话就是这样。
c）强调的需要。倒装以后，句子更加流畅生动。例如：
Never before have we seen such a sight. 以前我们从来没有见过这样的情景。
Before us lay a lot of difficulties. 在我们前面有很多困难。
Often did we warn them not to do so. 我们曾多次警告他们不要这样做。
4. 倒装句的基本用法
a) 构成疑问句（除对主语或主语之定语提问的特殊疑问句外）：
When are we going to drink to your happiness? 我们什么时候喝你们的喜酒?
Have you seen the film? 你看了那部电影吗?
b) 在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down等副词开头的句子中:
Away went the crowd one by one. 人们一个一个地离去。
Here comes our teacher! 我们的老师来了！
c) 副词only+状语放在句首时:
Only then did he realize his mistakes . 只有在那时他才认识到自己的错误。
Only in this way can you learn maths well . 只有用这种方法你才能学好数学。
d) 含有否定意义的副词或连词（如little, hardly, never, rarely, no sooner…than等）放在句首时:
Little did I think that he could be back alive. 我没有想到他竟能活着回来。
Not until New Year’s Day shall I give you a gift. 我要到元旦那天才能给你礼物。
Hardly had the train arrived at the station when we ran towards the sleeping car looking for our guests.
火车刚一进站，我们就跑到卧车那儿去找我们的客人。
e) 副词so或neither(nor)在句首:
He is interested in pop-songs, and so am I.他对流行歌曲感兴趣，我也如此。
He hasn’t been to the countryside, neither does he want to go there.他没有去过农村，他也不想去那里。
f) 在方式状语thus开头的句子中及程度状语so放句首:
Thus ended his life. 这样结束了他的生命。
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him . 他讲话的声音那样大，连隔壁屋子里的人都听得见。
2. so作“也”讲时，引导的句子用倒装语序，例如：
He went to the film last night. So did I. 他昨天晚上去看电影了，我也去了。
如不作“也”讲而只起连词作用，表示一种结果的意思，句子就要用正常语序。例如：
His mother told him to go to the film. So he did. 他母亲叫他去看电影，他就去了。
“He is a tall thin man.”“So he is.” “他又高又瘦。” “确实如此。”
3. 某些让步状语从句往往把表语提到主语前面或放在句首，以构成倒装结构。例如：
No matter how interesting the book is，he doesn't like to read it．不管这本书多有趣，他都不想看。
However hard a solid may be，we can change its shape. 不管一个固体有多硬，我们都可以改变其形状。
Young as he is, he knows a lot. 虽然他年轻，却知道很多东西。
4. 在虚拟语气中，如果非真实条件句省略if，须将主句中的were, had和should等助动词和主语颠倒形成部分倒装。例如：
Were he younger (= If he were younger), he would learn skating. 假如他年轻一些，他就会去学溜冰。
Should they forget (= If they should forget) to bring a map with them, they would get lost in the woods
如果他们忘记带一张地图的话，他们就会在深林里迷路。
Had they realized (= If they had realized) how important the task was, they wouldn’t have refused to
accept it. 假如他们认识到这个任务是多么重要的话，他们就不致于拒绝接受这项任务。
高中数学必修5知识点 1、正弦定理：在C ?AB 中，a 、b 、c 分别为角A 、B 、C 的对边，R 为C ?AB 的外接圆的半径， 则有 2sin sin sin a b c R A B C ===． 2、正弦定理的变形公式：①2sin a R =A ，2sin b R =B ，2sin c R C =；（边化角） ②sin 2a A R =，sin 2b B R =，sin 2c C R =；（角化边） ③::sin :sin :sin a b c A B C =； ④sin sin sin sin sin sin a b c a b c A B C A B C ++=== ++． 3、三角形面积公式：111 sin sin sin 222 C S bc A ab C ac B ?AB ===． 4、余弦定理：在C ?AB 中，有2 2 2 2cos a b c bc A =+-， 2222cos b a c ac B =+-， 2222cos c a b ab C =+-． 5、余弦定理的推论：222cos 2b c a bc +-A =，222cos 2a c b ac +-B =，222 cos 2a b c C ab +-=． 6、设a 、b 、c 是C ?AB 的角A 、B 、C 的对边， 则：①若222 a b c +=，则90C =；（.C A B C ?? 为直角为直角三角形） ②若2 2 2 a b c +>，则90C <；（.C A B C ??为锐角不一定是锐角三角形） ③若2 2 2 a b c +<，则90C >．（.C A B C ?? 为钝角为钝角三角形） 注：在C ?AB 中，则有 （1）A B C π++=，sin 0,sin 0,sin 0A B C >>>（正弦值都大于0） （2）,,.a b c a c b b c a +>+>+>（两边之和大于第三边） （3）sin sin A B A B a b >?>?>（大角对大边，大边对大角） 7、递增数列：从第2项起，每一项都不小于它的前一项的数列．10n n a a +-> 8、递减数列：从第2项起，每一项都不大于它的前一项的数列．10n n a a +-< 9、常数列：各项相等的数列．11,.n n a a S na == 10、数列的通项公式：表示数列{}n a 的第n 项与序号n 之间的关系的公式． 11、数列的递推公式：表示任一项n a 与它的前一项1n a -（或前几项）间的关系的公式． 12、如果一个数列从第2项起，每一项与它的前一项的差等于同一个常数，则这个数列称为等差数列，这个常数称为等差数列的公差．11()n n n n a a d a a d -+-=-= 13、由三个数a ，A ，b 组成的等差数列可以看成最简单的等差数列，则A 称为a 与b 的等差中项．若2 a c b += ，则
Unit 3 Could you please clean your room? Section A 1.Could you please do sth ?用于提出请求，希望得到对方肯定回答，语气较委婉。 肯定回答：Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem. 否定回答：Sorry , I can’t. / I’m afraid I can’t. 在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中，常用could代替can，以表示礼貌，委婉或不确定的语气，而can 则不具备这些语气。这种情况下不能把could 看作can 的过去式。以上两句中用could 是为了表示礼貌的请求。表示请求帮助或请求允许时，除了can, could 之外，还可以用may，句子的表达方式也各有不同，可以用不同的方式来表示同一个概念。Could / Can / May I use your car for a day? 作允答可以各种各样： 如同意可以说Yes，或Sure 或Certainly，还可说Yes, (do) please. 或Of course. (you may / can). 或That's OK / all right. 如果不同意，可以说I'm sorry you can't. 或I'm really sorry, but I have to use it today. 要避免说No, you can't. 这样显得很不礼貌。否定回答通常用委婉语气。 2. take (1)取，拿：Please take some books to the classroom. (2)吃，喝，服用Take some medicine. (3)乘车，船等We can take a bus to the park. (4)花费（时间、金钱）It took me 2 hours to do my homework. take care of 照顾take a walk 散步take awa拿take up占据take place 发生take off脱下； take one’s time慢慢来 3.problem question 问题 problem客观存在待解决的问题，侧重困难。Solve the problem question因存疑而提出问题，侧重疑惑。answer the question 4.(1)neither adv 也不句子须部分倒装。此时可用nor替换neither I don’t like this dress. 我不喜欢这件连衣裙。Neither / Nor do I. 我也不喜欢。 【注意】肯定句：He likes beef..--So do I. 我也喜欢。 (2) neither …nor… 既不…也不…, 连接两个词做主语，谓语动词就近原则Neither Tom nor I am a student (3) neither 作代词表示“两个都不”，它作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。Neither of my parents is at home. 辨析also, too, either, neither (1)also 较正式，在句中位于行为动词前，系动词、助动词或情态动词之后。 Peter also likes beef. I am also a student. She can also swim. (2)too较口语，多用在肯定句句末。 (3)either 表示“也”时，一般只用于否定句句末。 I don’t have much money either. (4)neither 用作副词，意为“也不”解释，句子须采用部分倒装。 also和too常用于肯定句，neither用于否定句； either表示“也”用于否定，但either…or用于肯定。 5.or 否定句也不We don’t have tea or coffee. 陈述句或者Answer me yes or no. 疑问句还是Do you like red or pink? 表转折否则祈使句Hurry up, or you will be late.
Unit 1 1.what do you know about great scientists? 2.high expectations are the key to everything 远 大的理想是开启万物的钥匙 3.face the music 面对命运对你的不公平 4.be absorbed in全神贯注于, 专心致志于 be lost in thought想得出神沉思于… be engaged in 从事于…忙于 be concentrated on 集中注意力… 5.一…就… The moment…瞬间 instant 立刻 the minute second 片刻 6.make a suggestion give an advice make the investigation 7.look into 调查看浏览 8.slow down 减缓 9.relate to 有关涉及 10.two athe deaths 另外两个死者 11.link to 有关联系 12.die out 灭绝 die of 死于 die from死于 13.his career came to an end 他的事业结束了14.develop a severe illness 染上很严重的疾病 15.make a new career 创立新的事业 16.apart from 除了… 17.two more example =another two另外两个 18.make a face 做鬼脸 make one’s way to 转向向…出发，朝…走去 make up one’s mind下定决心 make friends make the bed make sure确定 make room for为..腾空间 19.lead to 领导 20.only 修饰主语不倒装 状语要倒装 If only 但愿要是 Only if只有.. 要到装 Eg.: only if you use this way ,can you … 21.make sense 有意义讲得通 in a sense 有点.. make sense of 搞清楚弄明白 in no sense 绝不；不可能 22. at times 时不时有时 At a time 每一次 From time to time 时而不时的 At one time 曾经一度 For the time being 暂时 Ahead of time 提前 All the time 一直 At all times总是随时 At any time 无论何时 At no time 决不 Out of time 不合时宜的 23.suspect sb of do sth怀疑某人做某事 24.look into 调查 25.look ahead 向前看展望未来 26.look around for 参观四处看看 27. look away from 把目光…从移开 28.look back (at) 回顾回忆 29.look out (for) 留心当心 30.look up to 尊敬钦佩 31.look though 检查浏览 32.go down 下降 33.slow down 慢下来放慢速度 33.knock down 击倒 34.tear down 拆毁拆除 Unit 2 1.keep your eyes open 睁大你的眼睛 2.consist of由…组成 3.leave out省去不考虑遗漏 4.divide into 分成 https://www.doczj.com/doc/4b18913141.html,pare A with B 与…比
《必修五 知识点总结》 第一章：解三角形知识要点 一、正弦定理和余弦定理 1、正弦定理：在C ?AB 中，a 、b 、c 分别为角A 、B 、C 的对边，，则有 2sin sin sin a b c R C ===A B (R 为C ?AB 的外接圆的半径) 2、正弦定理的变形公式： ①2sin a R =A ，2sin b R =B ，2sin c R C =； ②sin 2a R A = ，sin 2b R B =，sin 2c C R =； ③::sin :sin :sin a b c C =A B ； 3、三角形面积公式：111 sin sin sin 222 C S bc ab C ac ?AB = A == B ． 4、余弦定理：在 C ?AB 中，有2 2 2 2cos a b c bc =+-A ，推论：bc a c b A 2cos 2 22-+= B ac c a b cos 2222-+=，推论： C ab b a c cos 22 2 2 -+=，推论：ab c b a C 2cos 2 22-+= 二、解三角形 处理三角形问题，必须结合三角形全等的判定定理理解斜三角形的四类基本可解型，特别要多角度（几何作图，三角函数定义，正、余弦定理，勾股定理等角度）去理解“边边角”型问题可能有两解、一解、无解的三种情况，根据已知条件判断解的情况，并能正确求解 1、三角形中的边角关系 （1）三角形内角和等于180°； （2）三角形中任意两边之和大于第三边，任意两边之差小于第三边； ac b c a B 2cos 2 22-+=
（3）三角形中大边对大角，小边对小角； （4）正弦定理中,a =2R ·sin A , b =2R ·sin B , c =2R ·sin C ，其中R 是△ABC 外接圆半径. （5）在余弦定理中:2bc cos A =222a c b -+. （6）三角形的面积公式有:S = 21ah , S =21ab sin C=21bc sin A=2 1 ac sinB , S =))(()(c P b P a P P --?-其中，h 是BC 边上高，P 是半周长. 2、利用正、余弦定理及三角形面积公式等解任意三角形 （1）已知两角及一边，求其它边角，常选用正弦定理. （2）已知两边及其中一边的对角，求另一边的对角，常选用正弦定理. （3）已知三边，求三个角，常选用余弦定理. （4）已知两边和它们的夹角，求第三边和其他两个角，常选用余弦定理. （5）已知两边和其中一边的对角，求第三边和其他两个角，常选用正弦定理. 3、利用正、余弦定理判断三角形的形状 常用方法是：①化边为角；②化角为边. 4、三角形中的三角变换 （1）角的变换 因为在△ABC 中，A+B+C=π，所以sin(A+B)=sinC ；cos(A+B)=－cosC ；tan(A+B)=－tanC 。 2 sin 2cos ,2cos 2sin C B A C B A =+=+； （2）三角形边、角关系定理及面积公式，正弦定理，余弦定理。 r 为三角形内切圆半径，p 为周长之半 （3）在△ABC 中，熟记并会证明：∠A ，∠B ，∠C 成等差数列的充分必要条件是∠B=60°；△ABC 是正三角形的充分必要条件是∠A ，∠B ，∠C 成等差数列且a ，b ，c 成等比数列.
Unit 3. Could you please clean your room 一、短语动词 1、take out 带出去；取出；拔出；除掉动副词组 代词作宾语时必须放在两词之间。 2、come over 固定短语过来，顺便来访，拜访。后面加介词to，后接表示地点的名词作宾语。 拓展：take out of 把---从---取出/带出 3、hang →hung→hung hang out 闲逛；溜达。 4、throw down扔下；随手丢下其中throw可用作及物或不及物动词，意为扔，掷→threw→thrown 拓展：throw at向----扔去（带有攻击性）throw to 扔给---（不含恶 意）throw away扔掉 SectionB 1、、 2、take care of 照顾；照料。相当于look after后可接名词、(反身）代词作宾语。Take good care of相当于look after well 3、 二、动词用法 1、finish 及物动词完成后跟名词、代词或动词ing形式作宾语。拓展：与finish一样用法的动词或动词短语有：enjoy/look forward to/mind/have fun/practice/be busy/consider/feel like/give up 2、pass用作及物动词给；递；pass sb sth =pass sth to sb把某物
递给某人。走过、通过（考试等） 作不及物动词，（时间）过去，流逝 3、borrow sth from sb向某人借某物。非延续性动词Lend(lent;lent) sb sth=lend sth to sb借给某人某物。非延续性动词& Keep 由“保存”引申为“借”，延续性动词，可与时间段连用。四川-----Excuse me,can I_____your pen -----sorry,I have_____it to Bob. A.borrow;lend ;borrowed ;borrowed ;lent 4、hate及物动词厌恶；讨厌，表示一种感情或心理状态，不能用于进行时态。Hate sb/sth不喜欢某人或某物 Hate to do/doing sth 厌恶做某事（某一次或经常性的）相当于like的用法。 SectionB 1、invite及物动词邀请名词invitation 邀请；请帖。 Invite sb to +地点名词。邀请某人到某地。 Invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事。 2、￥ 3、make sb do sth 让某人做某事。 4、动词辨析： 单词主语常用结构含义 Spend(spent) 人sb spend time/money on sth Sb spend time/money doing sth
必修5 Unit1 Great scientists 1.explain（vt.）解释;说明;阐明 sth. to sb. Please explain this rule to me. explain + that从句He explained that he had been cheated. +wh- Can you explain how the machine operates? 2.characteristic n. 特征；特性 e.g. Kindness is one of his characteristics. adj.独特的 e.g. I heard my friend’s characteristic laugh. 短语：be characteristic of sb./sth. 是.....的特性 e.g. Such bluntness is characteristic of him. 3. put forward 提出（建议等）；提名; 提前，把时钟往前拨 e.g. He put forward a new plan. [归纳拓展] put down 记下；镇压put out 关掉；熄灭put on 穿上 put away 收好put aside 放在一边；储存；保留put off 推迟；延期 put up 建造；举起；张贴 选词填空（put off, put up, put forward, put aside, put out） ①The plan that you _____ at the meeting is wonderful. ②Many tall buildings were _____ along the road. ③Firefighters have been called to _____ the fire in the city center. ④He has a little money to _____ for a rainy day. ⑤Don’t _____ until tomorrow wha t can be done today. 2.draw a conclusion得出结论 1）conclusion作名词，意为―结束，结论 短语：come to/reach/arrive at a conclusion 得出结论 in conclusion 最后 e.g. I will in conclusion say a few words about my visit to Tokyo. 2）conclude作动词，―结束；断定；决定 to conclude（作插入语）最后,作为总结(= to sum up) e.g. To conclude, I think smoking does more harm than good to us. 4. expert 1）n.专家，能手 an expert in psychology（心理学）an agricultural expert 2）adj.熟练的，有专门技术的 be expert in/at sth 精通…… doing sth. an expert job需要专门知识的工作 e.g. He is expert in / at cooking. 5.attend vt. & vi. 参加，注意，照料 1）attend a ceremony / lecture / a meeting 2）attend to (on)伺候, 照顾，看护 e.g. Mother had to attend to her sick son. 3）attend to处理，注意倾听 e.g. Can you attend to the matter immediately? 4. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. 1）暴露expose sb/ sth to sth e.g. He exposes his skin to the sun. 2）揭露 e.g.He
精心整理 高二语文必修五知识点总结 【一】 一、文言实词 (2)众人匹之 古义：一般人今义：多数人，大家 (3)虽然，犹有未树也。
古义：虽然这样今义：转折连词 (4)穷发之北 古义：毛，草木今义：头发 (5)小年不及大年 生物之以息相吹也(名词，气息) 4.词类活用 (1)名词用作动词。而后乃今将图南(往南飞)/奚以之九万里而南为(往南飞) (2)使动用法。德合一君(使……满意)/彼于致福者(使……到
来)/而徵一国者(使……信任)二、文言虚词 1.之 (1)助词，的。鹏之背，不知其几千里也/其翼若垂天之云(助词，的) 悲乎 /而彭祖乃今以久特闻 (3)连词，表并列。若夫乘天地之正，而御六气之辩 (4)连词，表承接。而控于地而已矣 3.则
(1)连词，就。海运则将徙于南冥 (2)连词，或者。时则不至 (3)连词，那么。则其负大舟也无力 4.然 (2)副词，还。彼且恶乎待哉 (3)副词，将要。且适南冥也 7.于 (1)介词，对于。彼其于世/彼其于世
(2)介词，在。覆杯水于坳堂之上 8.其 (1)用在选择问句中，或许……或说得过去，是……还是……其正色邪?其远而无所至极邪 ) ) ) 朝来暮去颜色故。(古义：容貌。今义：色彩。) 又闻此语重唧唧。(古义：叹息声。今义：一般指虫鸣。) 凄凄不似向前声。(古义：刚才。今义：朝着前面。) 河内凶，则移其民于河东。(古：黄河。今义：泛指河流。)
(古：谷物收成不好。今义：凶恶，厉害。) 弃甲曳兵而走。(古：逃跑。今义：行，走路。) 是使民养生丧死无憾也。(古：供养活着的人。今义：保养身体。) 五十者可以衣帛矣。(古：可以凭借。今义：表示同意、认可。) ) ) ) ) ) 赢粮而景从。(古：背负，担负。今义：获得，获胜。) 山东豪俊遂并起而亡秦族矣。(古：崤山以东。今义：山东省。) 古之学者必有师。(古：求学的人。今义：有专门学问的人。) 吾从而师之。(古：跟随并且。今义：表因果的连词。)
Unit 3 How do you get to school? Section A 1.How do you get to school？how疑问副词，如何,怎样，用什么手段询问交通工具 (1)take +a/an/the + 表示交通工具的名词，乘……去某地,是动词短语，在句中作谓语。 (2)by + 表示交通工具的单数名词或on/in + a/an/the/one’s+表示交通工具的单数名词，介词短语方式状语。 I walk to school.=I get to school on foot. walk = go ..on foot I ride my bike to schoo.=I get to school by bike.=I get to school on my bike. by bike= ride a / my bike I take the bus to schoo.=I get to school by bus=I get to school on the bus. Drive a car to work=go to work by car=go to work in a car by car = drive a / my car Fly to shanghai=go to shanghai by plane/air=take the/a plane to shanghai=go to shanghai on a/an/the plane. 【注意】by + 表示交通工具的单数名词时，名词前不能加任何冠词或者其他修饰词。 (3)walk/ride/drive/fly+to+地点名词，步行/骑自行车/开车/坐飞机去某地 2. get 到达常与to连用，表示目的地的词是副词here、there、home等时，不需用介词to。 get to Beijing get there get home reach 到达其后直接接宾语 arrive in+大地点arrive at +小地点后接副词不需介词 3. How far is it from A to B?=How far is B from A? 从A到B有多远？ 答语(1)It’s…meters/miles/kilometers(away) from... 有……米/英里/千米（远） (2)It ‘s about ten minutes’ walk/ ride. 大约有十分钟步行/骑车的路程。 (3)It ‘s far/near. be far from, away from, from ..to . be far from, 离…远My school is far from my home. 具体路程+away from My school is 10 kilometers away from my home. from…to…从…到…It’s 10 kilometers (away) from my school to my home. A +be +路程距离from + B My school（A）is 10 kilometers from my home（B）. 4.How long does it take you to get to school? how long 提问时间，多久 How long have you been in America?For two years. 5. take spend cost pay (1)spend 主语必须是人 Sb spend some time/money on sth 某人在某事或某物上花费时间/钱 Sb spend some time/ money (in)doing sth 某人花时间/金钱做某事 (2)cost主语只能是事情。sth cost sb some money某物花费某人多少钱 The skirt costs her 200 yuan. (3)pay主语必须是人sb pay some money for sth.某人为某物付款/花费多少钱 He paid 1000 yuan for the TV set. (4)take 主语必须是it It takes sb some time( money) to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间 It took him seven days to make the big cake. 6. around (1)环绕；围绕；绕过The earth moves around the sun. (2)在…四周There are many trees around the playground. (3)在…的附近Is there a park around here ? (4)大约=about 常与数字连用at about/around 8 o’colck
人教版高中英语必修五知识点详解 Units 1-2 1. doubt doubt是高考中的高频考查词汇。doubt可作动词和名词，是新课标重点词汇。其命题角度为：①作动词时， 若为肯定句，后跟宾语从句,通常用if/whether引导，若为否定句，则通常用that引导。 ②doubt作名词时，通常用于There is no doubt that ...(毫无疑问）结构。2010年高考对doubt的考查还将集中 在其后跟从句时连接词的选择上，也有可能将doubt与其他动词或名词放在一起进行词义辨析。 2. expose expose是新课标要求掌握的单词，应重点掌握它的义项及常见用法，特别是be exposed to 句式，其中to为介词，后跟名词、代词和动名词；同时注意exposed to作后置定语和用于句首作状语的用法。另外，being exposed to结构用动名词形式作主语也是重点和难点，极易考查。 预测2010年命题方向为exposed to 作状语和定语的用法。 3. absorb absorb是新课标重点单词，重点掌握其“吸收（液体，热）；吸收，理解（知识）”的词义及其be absorbed in(全神贯注于……)的用法，易考点为该短语位于句首作状语和作后置定语两点，考生应能掌握be absorbed by(为某事物所吸引)；还应联系be engaged in, be devoted to, be involved in和be lost in等常见重点近义短语。 4. apart from apart from是常见介词短语，意为“除……之外”，考生应熟练掌握近义的词和短语：except, besides, in addition (to), other than, except for, except that, except when等。预测2010年高考会在单项填空题中直接考查或者会出现 在阅读理解题中。 5. available available是新课标重点单词，在近几年高考和各地的模拟考试中出现的频率极高，主要考点为：①词义(可得到的，可用的)。命题形式常为形容词词义辨析，如区分accessible, acceptable, sensible, favourite, average, convenient 等。②用法。be available to意为“可利用的”，be available for意为“使……可以享受某物;使……买得起某物”, 要了解二者的区别。 预测2010年高考命题会以考查词义或者形容词短语作后置定语为命题方向。 6. consist of consist of是近几年高考高频考查短语。①理解其词义“组成，构成”。②考查与其他近义词组的用法异同点。 如be made up of, be composed of, constitute, be formed of 等。考生要特别注意consist of要用主动形式表达， 不用系表结构。预测这一考点将成为2010年高考考查的重点，特别是用consisting of 作后置定语。 7. break down 由break构成的动词短语是历年高考命题的重点。考生必须明确break down的几个常见义项，根据不同的语 境加以判断。break down，break up, break off, break away, break in等，都要求考生熟知它们的常见义项，因为 命题时可能会对该短语直接考查，也可在短文中考查对其意义的理解。 8. only+状语（状语从句）位于句首构成部分倒装 这是考生必须熟练掌握的句式之一，以往的高考题中已多次考查到。倒装句式有多种情况，该句式为日常交 际中较常见的一种。特别提示：only只有强调状语或者状语从句才构成部分倒装，强调主语或宾语不用倒装。 预测该句式是2010年高考命题考查的重点。 重要词汇拓展 Unit 1 Great scientists 1. ____ n. 特征；特性 2. _____ vt.&vi. 结束；推断出→______ n. 结论 3. _____ vt. 打败；战胜；使受挫 4. ______ vt. 参加；出席；照顾；护理→_____ n. 参加；出席；侍从；看护 5. _____ vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光→_____ n. 暴露；揭穿；揭发 6. _____ vt.& n. 治愈；痊愈→______adj.可治愈的 ______ vt.& n. 控制；支配 8. _____ vt. 吸收；吸引；使专心→______adj. 被吸收的；全神贯注的 9. _____ adj. 严重的；严厉的；剧烈的 characteristic 2. conclude；conclusion 3. defeat 4. attend；attendance 5. expose；exposure 6. cure；curable 7. control 8. absorb；absorbed 9. severe 10. _____ vt. 宣布；通告→______n. 宣布；宣告；通知 11. ______ vt. 命令；指示；教导→_____ adj.有教育意义的；有指导意义的→_____n.指导；指示；指令→_____ n. 教师；讲师；指导员 12. _____ vt.&vi. 捐献；贡献；捐助→______n.贡献；奉献 13. _____ adj. 有创造力的；创造性的；独创的→______n.创造；创作 14. _____ adj. 热情的；热心的→______ n. 热心；热情
高二数学必修五知识点归纳 第一章解三角形 1、三角形的性质： ①.A+B+C=, AB2 C2 sin AB2 cos C2 ②.在ABC中, ab＞c , ab＜c ; A＞BsinA＞sinB, A＞BcosA＜cosB, a ＞b A＞B ③.若ABC为锐角，则AB＞ ,B+C ＞ ,A+C ＞ a2b2＞c2，b2c2＞a2，a2＋c2＞b2 2、正弦定理与余弦定理：①. (2R为ABC外接圆的直径) a2Rsin A、b2Rsin B、c2RsinC sinA a2R
12 b2R 、 sinC 12 c2R 12 acsinB 面积公式：SABC absinC bcsinA ②.余弦定理：abc2bccosA、bac2accosB、cab2abcosC bca 2bc cosA、cosB ac b 2ac 222 、cosC abc
222 3第二章数列 1、数列的定义及数列的通项公式： ①. anf(n)，数列是定义域为N 的函数f(n)，当n依次取1，2，时的一列函数值② i.归纳法 若S00，则an不分段；若S00，则an分段iii. 若an1panq，则可设an1mp(anm)解得m,得等比数列anm Snf(an) iv. 若Snf(an)，先求a 1得到关于an1和an的递推关系式 Sf(a)n1n1Sn2an1 例如：Sn2an1先求a1，再构造方程组：（下减上）an12an12an Sn12an11 2.等差数列： ① 定义：a n1an=d（常数）,证明数列是等差数列的重要工具。② 通项d0时，an为关于n的一次函数； d＞0时，an为单调递增数列；d＜0时，a n为单调递减数列。 n(n1)2 ③ 前nna1
U5(BX5) First aid Language points 1 Aid (v)帮助; 援助=help sb 帮助某人去做…. aid sb to do 在…事帮助某人aid sb in … He aided me in business. I aided her to continue her study. At Christmas, many organizations aid the poor. n /U/帮助; 援助 在某人的帮助下with the aid of 为了帮助… in ai d of Teachers give their lessons with the aid of computers. He raised money in aid of the sick. 知识拓展： give/offer aid 援助 come to sb.'s aid 帮助某人 cut off aid （突然）终止援助 a hearing aid 助听器 teaching aids 教具 medical aid 医疗救护 2. temporary 暂时的，临时的 temporary relief from pain短暂的解痛 temporary work/ solution临时工作/解决办法 3. fall ill fall+ adj. ill asleep awake sick silent His wife suddenly _______ ________ last week. She has _______ ________ for a week. fell ill been ill 4 get+过去分词表被动或状态 The computer got damaged when we were moving. My bike is getting repaired now. My glasses got broken while I was playing basketball. Peter and Mary got married last year. get done get injured受伤 get dressed穿衣服
必修1 第一章集合与函数概念 一、集合有关概念 1、集合的含义：某些指定的对象集在一起就成为一个集合，其中每一个对象叫元素。 2、集合的中元素的三个特性：1.元素的确定性；2.元素的互异性；3.元素的无序性 非负整数集（即自然数集）记作：N 正整数集N*或N+ 整数集Z 有理数集Q 实数集R 关于“属于”的概念 集合的元素通常用小写的拉丁字母表示，如：a是集合A的元素，就说a属于集合A 记作a∈A ，相反，a不属于集合A 记作a?A 二、集合间的基本关系 任何一个集合是它本身的子集。A?A ②真子集:如果A?B,且B?A那就说集合A是集合B的真子集，记作A?B(或B?A) 3. 不含任何元素的集合叫做空集，记为Φ 规定: 空集是任何集合的子集，空集是任何非空集合的真子集。 三、集合的运算 1．交集的定义：一般地，由所有属于A且属于B的元素所组成的集合,叫做A,B的交集．(即找公 共部分)记作A∩B(读作”A交B”)，即A∩B={x|x∈A，且x∈B}． 2、并集的定义：一般地，由所有属于集合A或属于集合B的元素所组成的集合，叫做A,B的并集。（即A和B中所有的元素）记作：A∪B(读作”A并B”)，即A∪B={x|x∈A，或x∈B}． 4、全集与补集 （1）补集：设S是一个集合，A是S的一个子集（即），由S中所有不属于A的元素组成的集合，叫做S中子集A的补集（或余集）（即除去A剩下的元素组成的集合） 四、函数的有关概念
定义域补充 能使函数式有意义的实数x的集合称为函数的定义域，求函数的定义域时列不等式组的主要依据是：(1)分式的分母不等于零；(2)偶次方根的被开方数不小于零；(3)对数式的真数必须大于零；(4)指数、对数式的底必须大于零且不等于1. (5)如果函数是由一些基本函数通过四则运算结合而成的.那么，它的定义域是使各部分都有意义的x的值组成的集合.（6）指数为零底不可以等于零(6)实际问题中的函数的定义域还要保证实际问题有意义. (又注意：求出不等式组的解集即为函数的定义域。) 构成函数的三要素：定义域、对应关系和值域 4．了解区间的概念 （1）区间的分类：开区间、闭区间、半开半闭区间；（2）无穷区间；（3）区间的数轴表示． 7．函数单调性 （1）．增函数 设函数y=f(x)的定义域为I，如果对于定义域I内的某个区间D内的任意两个自变量a，b，当a 人教版八年级下册英语第三单元知识点总结 短语归纳（学生必背内容） 1.do the dishes 洗餐具 2.take out the rubbish 倒垃圾 3.fold the clothes 叠衣服 4.sweep the floor 扫地 5.make the bed 铺床 6.work on从事;创作 7.clean the living room 打扫起居室 8.go out 出去 9.stay out 待在外面;不在家 10.help out 帮助做完某事 11.in front of在....前面 https://www.doczj.com/doc/4b18913141.html,e over 过来;顺便来访 13.hang out 闲逛 14.do chores 做家务 15.at least 至少 16.throw down 扔下 17.all the time 频繁;反复 18.in surprise 吃惊地; 惊讶地 19.as soon as.....就.... 20.a waste of time 浪费时间 21.spend...on...在...上.费(时间或金钱) 22.in order to 目的是; 为了 23.depend on 依靠;信赖 24.look after 照顾; 照料 25.keep it clean and tidy 保持它干净、整洁 26.get into 进入 27.take care of 照顾; 处理 28.as a result 结果 29.fall ill 生病 30.get a ride 搭车 用法归纳 1.finish doing sth.做完某事 例句展示：I finished reading this book yesterday.昨天我读完了这本书。 2.Neither+连系动词be/助动词/情态动词+主语.....也不 例句展示 ①--He isn’t a student.他不是一个学生。 ---Neither am I.我也不是。 ②---He didn’t go to work yesterday.他昨天没去工作。 -----Neither did I.我也没去。 ③---He can’t sing the song.他不会唱这首歌。 ----Neither can Dale.戴尔也不会唱。 考点测试： 3.as...as...与.....一样..... 例句展示：He is as tall as me.他和我一样高。 4.want sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事 例句展示：She wants me to clean the living room.他想要我打扫起居室。 5.try (not) to do sth.尽力(不)做某事 例句展示：He tries to learn Enlish well because it is very useful He tries not to be late for class.他尽力不迟到。 6.hate to do sth.厌恶做某事 例句展示：Dale hates to stay out.他讨厌待在外面。 7.make sb.do sth.让/使某人做某事 例句展示：He makes me do more chores.他让我做很多家务。 8.let sb.do sth.让某人做某事 例句展示：He lets me wait for me a long time.他让我等了很长一段时间。9.spend...doing sth.花费....做某事 例句展示：He spends two hours doing his homework.他花费两个小时做家庭作业。 10.provide sth.for sb.向某人提供某物 例句展示：He provides a book for me.他给了我一本书。 11.mind doing sth.介意做某事 例句展示：Do you mind my opening the window？你介意我打开窗户吗？12.learn to do sth.学会做某事 例句展示：Little Tom learns to make the bed.小汤姆学会了铺床。 13.learn how to do sth.学会怎样做某事 例句展示：Dale has learned how to learn English well.戴尔学会了怎样学好英语。 14.the+ 比较级..,the+ 比较级... 越....就越.... 例句展示：The more we do for the people，the happier we will be. 我们给人们帮助越多，我们就越开心。 15.do one's part in (doing )sth.尽自己的职责做某事人教版八年级英语下册第三单元知识点总结
相关主题
文本预览