导时间状语从句的从属连词很多，如较基本的有before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, as soon as 等：
Things were different when I was a child. 我小时候情况与现在不同。
We must strike while the iron is hot. 我们要趁热打铁。
I t’s a long time since I met you last. 从上次见到你，已有很长时间了。
He waited until she was about to leave. 他等着一直到她准备离开。
除以上基本的引导时间状语从句的从属连词外，还有些本来不是从属连词却可用作从属连词的词：
(1)表示“一…就”的从属连词：the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no sooner…than, hardly…when等。如：
Immediately he came I told him the news. 他一来我就把消息告诉了他。
The moment I saw him I knew there was no hope. 我一看到他就知道没希望了。
We had no sooner set out than it began to rain. 我们刚出发就下雨了。
Once he arrives, we can start. 他一来我们就可以开始。
(2)涉及time的几个从属连词：every time(每次)，each time(每次)，(the) next time(下次)，any time(随时)，the last time(上次)，the first time(第一次)。如：
Every time I see her I’ll think of it. 每次我看到她，我就想起这事。
He felt nervous each time she spoke to him. 每次她和他讲话，他都感到紧张。
He didn’t tell me the last time I saw him. 我上次见到他时他没告诉我。
■与时间状语从句有关的时态问题
关于这个问题有两点值得注意：
(1)当主句为将来时态或具有将来意义时，时间状语从句通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用将来时态：
Turn off the lights before you leave. 走前关灯。
I will tell him as soon as he arrives. 他一来我就告诉他。
(2)与since 从句搭配的主句的时态通常是现在完成时态：
He has lived here since 1999. 自1999年以来，他就一直住在这儿。
Where have you been since I last saw you? 自我上次见到你之后你到哪里去了?
【注】在特定的语言环境中有时也可能用过去完成时或一般现在时：
It seems like years since we last met. 我们似乎几年未见面了。
Yesterday he told me that he hadn’t eaten anything since Tuesday. 他昨天告诉我自星期二以来他一直未吃任何东西。
时间状语从句
when, while 和 as 引导时间状语从句的用法
这三个词的意思很简单，都有“当……时候”的意思。但学生经常会问三个词的区别在哪儿，特别是在做选择题的时候。别说是学生，就我个人而言，做这样的选择题要保证百分之百的正确也是不可能的。现根据大量的实例和个人的思考，做一点小结，供大家参考。
一、when 的用法
如果只从现象来看，when 从句用的最多的是一般过去时，而主句的时态没有限制,根据具体情况而定。
1. When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas.
他小时候就常常试验一些新的设想。
2. When she came into my room, I was just reading a book. 她走进我房间时，我正在看书。
3. Were you writing when the teacher came in? 老师进来的时候，你在写信吗？
4. Sorry, I was out when you called me. 对不起，你打电话来的时候我出去了。
5. He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door.
他正要走，这时有人敲门。
6. I thought of it just when you opened your mouth. 就在你要说话的时候，我也想到了。
7. I had hardly [scarcely] closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door.
我刚一闭上眼，就有人在敲门了。
根据以上的例句，我们可以总结出一点：when 从句的A事件，相当于另一个事件B发生的时间点。也就是说，when 从句的重点不在动作本身发生的状态，而只是把它作为一个时间点，所以when 多数情况下用的是一般过去时，则不用正在进行时。因为如果用正在进行时，它表示的就是一段时间而不是一个时间点了。根据这一点，有的文章补充说：when 从句的动词大多是瞬时动词。这种说法也可以参照。
实际上，when 从句也可以有其它的时态，但几乎也不用进行时，因为它也只是作为一个时间参照点。例如：
1. When I got to the airport, the guests had left. 当我赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离开了。
2. When he had finished his homework, he took a short rest.
当他完成作业后，他休息了一会儿。
3. Why do you want a new job when you have got such a good one already?
你已经找到如此好的工作，为何还想再找新的？
4. You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it.
在我读完这本书后，你可以借阅。
5. When the manager comes here for a visit next week, I’ll talk with him about this.
下周，经理来这参观时，我会和他谈谈此事。
二、while 的用法
相比于when 来说，while 从句的侧重点就不一样了。while 从句的侧重点在于描述动作正在发生的状态，它的意思是：当while 事件正在发生的时候，另一件事如何如何。所以，while 从句一般用的是正在进行时。而另一件事的状态没有硬性的要求，根据具体情况而定。例如：
1. While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.
当妻子正在看报纸的时候，我正在看电视。
2. While Jim was mending his bike, Lin Tao came to see him.
正当吉姆修自行车时，林涛来看他。
3. While they were talking, the bell rang. 正在他们谈话的时候，上课铃响了。
4. You can’t do your homework while you’re watching TV.
你不能一边看电视一边做家庭作业。
5. While John was sitting biting his nails, I was working out a plan to get us home.
约翰坐在那里咬指甲时，我正在制定一个回家的计划。
从时间的角度来看，while 表示的是一段时间，是一个过程。这是while 的侧重点。因此，如果含有“一段时间”的含义的时候，就可以用while。
6. Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。
这句话中，是说趁着铁是热的这段时间，赶紧打铁。如果换成 when 意思就变了，相当于说铁只热了一下，打一下，然后铁就冷了。这显然不符合文意。
再例：
—I'm going to the post office.
—While you're there, can you get me some stamps?
三、as 的用法
as 从句表示的也是一件事情正在发生，另一件事也正在进行当中。但与 while 从句不同的是，as 从句用的一般不用正在进行时，而只是一般过去时。as 从句一般可以翻译成“边……边……”。例如：
1. As my mother sang those old songs, tears ran down her cheeks.
当我妈妈唱起那些老歌时，眼泪顺着她的脸颊流了下来。
2. The students took notes as they listened. 学生们边听课边做笔记。
3. As we talked on, he got more and more excited. 我们继续往下谈的时候，他越来越兴奋。
4. The little girls sang as they went. 小姑娘们一边走，一边唱。
5. Just as he caught the ball, there was a tearing sound.
当他抓住球的时候，有一种撕裂的声音。
as 表达的事件，往往只是主句动作发生的背景或条件时，as 只是一个次要的时间说明，不像while 从句有强调 while 动作本身的意思。因此，as 常常翻译成“随着……”之意。
例如：
1. As the time went on，the weather got worse. 随着时间的推移，气候更加糟糕。
2. The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases.
随着高度的增加，大气越来越稀薄。
3. As years go by，China is getting stronger and richer.
随着时间一年一年过去，中国变得越来越富强了。
少数情况下，如果强调动作正在发生，as 从句也可以用正在进行时。这只能算是特例了。
1. The sad mother sat on the roadside, shouting as she was crying.
伤心的妈妈坐在路边，边哭边叫喊。
2. As we were going out, it began to snow. 正当我们出门时，雪开始下起来。
3. He came in as I was going to bed. 我正要上床睡觉，他进来了。
四、when, while, as 的互换
如果从句动作和主句动作同时发生，并且从句动作为延续性动词时，when，while，as 可以互换使用。这种情况下，它们的细微区别恐怕连英、美人自己也说不清了。
1. When / While /As we were dancing, a stranger came in.
当我们跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。 [dance 为延续性动词]
2. When /While /As she was making a phone call, I was writing a letter.
当她在打电话时，我正在写信。 [make为延续性动词]
3. While/When/ As I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the
bank.
我顺着马路往前走时，发现银行门前停着一辆警车。
五、比较while, when, as
1）as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。
例如：Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.
我刹车后，有一个人向我走来。
2）当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或 while。
例如：When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.
干完活后，你可以休息一下。
3）从句表示“随时间推移”连词能用as，不用when 或while。
例如： As the day went on, the weather got worse. 日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。
2）比较until和till
此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某时”，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是“直至某时才做某事”。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。
肯定句：I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。
Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。
（在肯定句中可用before代替。例如：Let's get in the wheat before the sun sets.）
否定句：She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock. 她直到6点才到。
Don't get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车。
I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后，我才会做。
区别：1）until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。
例如：Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.
直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。
3）until when 疑问句中，until要放在句首。例如：
---Until when are you staying? 你呆到什么时候？
--- Until next Monday. 呆到下周一。
注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示。
4）Not until…在句首，主句用倒装。
例如：Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.
直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热为何物。
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
直到工作，才认识到我已蹉跎了许多岁月。
5）It is not until… that….
例如：It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted.
6）表示“一……就……”的结构
hardly/scarcely…when/before, no sooner…than 和as soon as都可以表示“一……就……”的意思。
例如：
I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain. 刚回家，就下起雨来了。
I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.
As soon as I got home, it began to rain.
注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构。
例如：
Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.
六、练习：在下列各句的空格中填入适当的连词
1．_________ he comes tomorrow, I shall ask where he has been.
2．_________ he was speaking, everybody listened carefully.
3．I saw her just _________ she was getting off the train.
4．Have a good look at that man _________ you pass him.
5．It was already eight o'clock _________ we got there.
6. I was about to go out _________ a visitor came.
7．We'll go to the country at the beginning of June, ______ the summer harvest will start.
8. He learned to speak German _________ he was in Berlin.
9. Henry is in charge of the office ________ Mr. Smith is away.
10. I listen to the recorder _________ I have time.
11. He had learned Chinese _________ he came to China.
12. _________ the work was done, we sat down to sum up experience.
13. I haven't seen him _________ he moved to the other side of the town.
14. I waited ________ he came back.
15. It was not ________ he took off his eyeglasses that I recognized him.
16. She likes everything to be in place ________ she starts to work.
17. The thieves ran away _________ they caught sight of the police.
18. They decided to go back home _________ their money ran out.
19. We played outside till sunset, _________ it began to rain。
20. __________ I get to the airport, I will phone you to pick me up.
21. They were about to leave ______ it began to rain.
22. He always stay in bed ______ lunch time.
23. I like playing tennis _________ my younger sister prefers watching ball games.
24. _________ I understand your viewpoint, I don’t agree with you.
25. _______ she grew older, she became more responsible.
Key:
1. When
2. While / When
3. as
4. when/as
5. when
6. when
7. when
8. while
9. while 10. whenever 11. before 12. After 13. since 14. till/until 15. until 16. before 17. as soon as 18. before 19. when 20. As soon as 21.when 22. until 23. while 24. While 25. As
引导让步状语从句的从属连词 引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要的有?a lthough, though, even though, even if, while, however, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever等： Although [Though] he is poor, he is well contented. 他虽穷却能知足常乐。 Though [Even though] it’s hard work, I enjoy it. 尽管是苦活，但我乐意干。 Even if you don’t like wine, try a glass of this. 即使你不喜欢喝酒，也尝尝这杯吧。 While we don’t agree we continue to be friends. 尽管我们意见不同，但我们还是朋友。 However you use it, it won’t break. 不管你怎么使用，它都不会破。 Whatever you say, I believe you. 无论你说什么，我都相信你。 Whoever telephones, tell them I’m out. 不管是谁打电话，都说我出去了。 Whenever you come, you are welcome. 你什么时候来，我们都欢迎。 However much he eats, he never gets fat. 无论他吃多少?,他都不发胖。 英语微信群是目前学习英语最有效的方法，群里都是说英语，没有半个中文，而且规则非常严格，是一个超级不错的英语学习环境，群里有好多英语超好的超牛逼的人，还有鬼佬和外国美眉。其实坦白说，如果自己一个人学习英语太孤独，太寂寞，没有办法坚持，好几次都会半途而废。只要你加入到那个群里以后，自己就会每天都能在群里坚持学，坚持不停地说和练，由于是付费群，群里的成员学习氛围非常强，每天的训练度都非常猛，本来很懒惰的你一下子就被感染了，不由自主地被带动起来参与操练，不好意思偷懒，别人的刻苦学习精神会不知不觉影响你，EYC英语微信群（群主vx 601332975）可以彻底治好你的拖延症，里面学员都非常友好，总是给你不断的帮助和鼓励，让你学英语的路上重新燃起了斗志，因为每天都在运用，你的英语口语就能得到了迅猛的提升，现在可以随便给一个话题，都能用英文滔滔不绝的发表5分钟以上对这个话题的看法和观点，想提高英语口语的可以加入进来，It really works very well.
并列连词与并列结构 并列连词引导两个并列的句子。 1)and 与or 判断改错： (错) They sat down and talk about something. (错) They started to dance and sang. (错) I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there. (对) They sat down and talked about something. (对) They started to dance and sing. (对)I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there. 解析：第一句：and 连接两个并列的谓语，所以talk 应改为talked。 第二句：and 连接两个并列的动词不定式，第二个不定式往往省略to，因此sang 应改为sing。 第三句：and 连接感观动词saw 后面的用作的宾补的两个并列分词结构，因此whisper 应改为whispering。 注意：and 还可以和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件。（or也有此用法） Make up your mind, and you'll get the chance.= If you make up your mind, you'll get the chance. One more effort, and you'll succeed.= If you make one more effort, you'll succeed. 2)both …and两者都 She plays (both) the piano and the guitar. 3)not only…but (also), as well as不但…而且） She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar. 注意：not only… but also 关联两个分句时，一个分句因有否定词not 而必须倒装。 Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some. 4)neithe…nor 意思为"既不……也不……"谓语动词采用就近原则，与nor后的词保持一致。 Neither you nor he is to blame. neither…nor…一起用时，作为关联性的并列连词，连接语法功能相同的平行结构：Neither you nor he konws it. (连接用作主语的代词) The old man can neither read nor write. (连接动词) I drink neither coffee nor tea. (连接宾语) The story is neither interesting nor instructive. (连接用作表语的形容词) Gas is a substance with neither a definite volume nor a definite shape. (连接介词宾语) I believe neither what you said before nor what you are saying now. (连接宾语从句) 注意： (1)Neither置于句首时，neither…nor…所连接的分句均须主谓倒装： I don't like that girl. Neither have I dated her for a dance(约她跳舞) nor will I do so. Neither does he play the cello nor does his brother. (2)Neither…nor…连接主语时，后面的动词在数上应与靠近的主语取得一致： Neither Ike nor I am going to attend the meeting. (动词与靠近，故用am。) Neither Ike nor he is going to attend the meeting. (动词与he靠近，故用is。) (3)neither…nor…作“既不…也不…”解，故谓语动词必须用肯定式，不能用否定式
一、重点知识归纳及讲解 （一）从属连词 从属连词是引导状语从句，宾语从句及其他从句的连词。 1．引导状语从句的从属连词有： 1）when, while, before, after, as soon as, until, since等，引导时间状语从句。 2）because, as, since等引导原因状语从句。 3）if, as long as等引导条件状语从句。 4）though, although引导让步状语从句。 5）so…that…, such…that…等引导结果状语从句。 6）so that引导目的状语从句。 7）as?as?；than等引导比较状语从句。 2．常用从属连词的辨析 1）when, as, while when, as, while都表示“当…的时候”，但when引导的时间状语从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时发生，也可以先后发生，when既可指时间点，也可指一段时间，所以既可引导一短暂动作动词，也可引导持续性动作的动词。 用as作从属连词引导时间状语时强调主句和从句的动作并行发生，不指先后，尤指短动作或事件同时发生。如：As I looked, someone came near.（正当我看的时候，有个人走上前来。）as还可说咱两种正发展或变化的情况，意为“随着”。如：As spring warms the earth, all flowers begin to bloom.（随着春回大地，百花开始绽放。）表示主从句动作同时，as意为“一边…一边…”。如：He hurried home, looking behind as he went.（他匆匆忙忙跑回家，一边走一边回头望。） while只指一段时间，从句中的谓语动词不能用终止性动词，强调某一段时间内主从句动作同时发生，常对同类的动作进行对比。如：While we were waiting for a bus, it was raining hearily.（我们在等车时，天正下着大雨。） 2）till和until till和until都表示“直到…为止”。主句用延续性动词，主句和从句都用肯定式：意为“直到…才”。主句用终止性动词，从句用肯定式，主句用否定式。until较till正式，until引导的时间从句可以放在句首。 例如： She won't go away till you promise to help her. 直到你允诺要帮助她，她才走开。 Until you told me, I had heard of nothing what happened. 直到你告诉我，我才知道发生了什么事。 3）since since引导的时间状语从句常用一般过去时，其主句一般使用现在完成时。 例如： Jim has been in the factory for two years since he left school. 从吉姆毕业起，他在这家工厂工作两年了。
并列连词和从属连词 连词是一种虚词，它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。如：and, but, or, nor, so, therefore, yet, however, for, hence, as well as, both…and, not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor, (and)then 等等。 1. 并列连词并列连词用来连接属于同一层次并具有相同句法功能的词；短语或句子。并列连词包括：基本并列连词如and, or , but , 关联连词如either...or , neither...nor , not only...but also ,both ...and, whether...or 等；介于并列连词与从属连词之间的连词；介于并列连词与从属连词或介词之间的结构如as well as , as much as, rather than , more than, no less than 等；此外还有些'半连接词'，一些语法学家把它们称为连接副词，如nevertheless, however, meanwhile, otherwise, likewise 等，它们在句中做连接性状语。这类连词主要是从逻辑上，而不是从形式上连接句子，其关系比较松散。 1) 表示意义转折和对比的并列连词 常见的有：but , while, whereas, still, yet , nevertheless, likewise, anyway , only , conversely , on the contrary, by this time, all the same , fortunately, on the other hand , in the meantime 等词语。 2) 表示选择的并列连词 常见的有：or, whether...or, either...or, otherwise 等。例如： Either ...or 和whether...or 表示选择，其意义比单用or 要强，但由whetrher...or 构成的并列结构一般只能担任句子的从属成分。上例中最后一句，whether...or 结构在句中担任句子的从属成分。Either ...or 和or 一样，可以连接两个并列的独立分句，而whether...or 则不可以。or 用于表示否定的条件意义时，有时可与连用。 Or 连接主语时，如主语都是单数，动词则取单数形式；如主语都是复数，动词则取复数形式，如果主语有的是复数，动词则取复数形式，如果主语有的是单数，有的是复数，动词的数则与它靠近的主语的数相一致。 连接两个主语时，动词的数也应与靠近他的主语的数相一致。例如： Neither he nor I am a good student. 3) 表示因果意义的并列并列连词 常见的有：for ,so ,therfore ,hence ,thus, accordingly, consepuently, on that account, in that case 等。例如：The fuel must have beeenfinished, for the engine stopped. It rained , therefore the game was called off. 表示原因的并列连词只有for ，它所引导的分句只是对前一分句补充说明理由或推断原因。for 引导的分句只能置于句末，而且必须用逗号与前一分句隔开。上面所提到的so,therefore 等词，有的语法学家把它们做为连接性状语。 4) 表示联合关系的并列连词 常见的有：and, both...and, neither...nor, not only... but also 等。 当neither...nor, not only ...but also 连接主语时，动词的数则与靠近它的主语的数相一致。Both ...and 不能连接两个以上的并列成分，也不能连接分句。例如：误：Both Mary swept the floor and Nancy mopped it. 5) 其它并列连词 常见的有：as well as, more than, rather than, no less than 等. (1) as well as 表示'同' 和'也' 的意义 as well as 用作并列连词时它意义相当于not only...but also, 但侧重点在后一并列成分上而as well as 侧重点却在前一并列成分上,A as well as B=not only B but also A. (2) more than 表示而不是之意. 例如: (3) rather than 表示'而不是' 之意. (4) no less than 表示' 同... 一样' 之意. 当as well as ,more than, rather than, no less than 连接两个成分作主语时谓语动词应于第一个成分的数相一致. 在使用并列连词时我们应该注意:
引导时间状语从句的从属连词有： 1. when There was prolonged applause when he began to speak. 他开始 讲话时响起了经久不息的掌声。 2. while We should strike while the iron is hot. 我们要趁热打铁。 3. as As (When) he entered, the hall burst into thunderous applause. 当他进来时，全场发出雷鸣般的掌声。 4. after After I visit Shanghai I'll travel up the Yangtze. 访问上海之后，我 将溯长江而上。 5. before It would be months before he was fit for the work. 要过好几个月 他才能适应工作。 6. since It is just a week since we arrived here. 我们到这里才一个星期。 7. until (till) I shall stay here until (till) I've completed my studies. 我要在这里 待到学习结束为止。 8. as soon as As soon as he got well, he went back to work. 他病一好就回去上 班了。 9. once Once he said that, I knew he was lying. 他一说这话我就知道他在撒谎。引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：
并列连词when 和引导时间状语从句的从属连词when 是不同的。这主要表现在以下几个方面： 1. 位置：when 引导时间状语从句时，该从句可放在主句之前也可放在主句之后；而并列连词when 只能位于两个分句之间，而且前面常常有逗号。例如： Come when you please. 你高兴来就来吧。（when 为从属连词） When I saw him，he was writing to a friend of his. 我看见他时，他在给一个朋友写信。（when 为从属连词） I was taking a walk，when I came across him. 我正在散步，突然碰见了他。 2. 意义：when 作从属连词用时，它所引导的从句表示主句中谓语动词动作发生的时间，即作“当……时”解；而并列连词when 连接的两个分句中，第一个分句表示的是背景，第二个分句表示的是一种突然的、意想不到的情况或过早发生的事情。when 通常含“这时突然”之义。例如： I was thinking of this，when I heard my name called. 我正想着这件事，突然听到有人叫我的名字。 I had just fallen asleep，when the boor-bell rang. 我刚入睡，门铃突然响了起来。 这种意义在孤立的句子中可以理解到，在文章中更能体会得到。如在“I was wandering through the street when I caught sight of a tailor's shop ”一句中，“在街头漫步”只是“看见有家缝纫店”的时间，其后作者怎样走进缝纫店，想要什么样的衣服，怎样受到伙计的奚落，又怎样受到老板的奉承等情景均与“漫步街头”没有直接的因果关系。 3. 时态：when 引导的时间状语从句中可以根据句意的需要用一般现在时、一般过去时、过去进行时、分别说明现在，过去，甚至将来的行为；并列连词when 后面的分句中通常用非延续性动词的一般过去时，其前表时间的分句中可用： （1 ）过去进行时表示过去某时间正在进行的动作。例如： I was cooking when I heard her knocking at the door. 我正在做饭，突然听到她敲门的声音。 He was thinking about the problem，when an apple fell to the ground. 他正在思考这个问题，突然有一只苹果掉到了地上。 （2 ）was /were going to，was / were about to，was / were on the point of 表示过去某一时间将要发生的动作。例如： I was just going when he came in. 我正要走，这时他就进来了。 We were about to start when it began to rain. 我们刚要动身天就开始下起雨来了。 He was on the point of leaving，when someone knocked at the door. 他刚要走就有人敲门。（ 3 ）过去完成时表示过早发生的事情。请看下述两种场合：（a ）过去完成时和含否定意义的hardly，scarcely，nearly 连用，和just，little 连用，或者与否定词not 连用时，表示“刚……，就……”的意思。例如： I had hardly opened the door when he hit me. 我刚一开门他就打了我一下。 I had nearly reached the town，when the young man suddenly said very slowly，“Do you speak English？”我快要进城了，年轻人突然慢慢地说：“你会讲英语吗？”
英语?从属连词?的作用与用法 英语中的从属连词主要用于引导名词性从句(如宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句等)和状语从句。 一、?引导名词性从句 引导名词性从句的从属连词有 that, whether, if 等，它们在句中均不能充当任何句子成分，其中 that 没有词义，仅起引导从句的作用；whether / if 有词义，两者均表示“是否”。如：She asked if he would go to her party. 她问他是否要去参加她的晚会。 句中的 if 引导宾语从句?，用作动词 ask 的宾语，if在此表示“是否”。按英语语法习惯，引导宾语从句时既可 whether 也可用 if，所以句中的if 完全可以换成 whether。 The question is whether he has signed the contract. 问题是他是否在合同上签了字。 句中的 whether 引导表语从句?，表示“是否”的意思。按英语语法习惯，引导表语从句时要用whether，一般不用 if，尽管它们意思是一样的。 Only she remembered that it was my birthday. 只有她记得这天是我的生日。 句中的 that 引导宾语从句，用作动词 remember 的宾语，that 在句中不表示任何意思，只起连接作用。 二、?引导状语从句 引导状语从句的从属连词比较多，同时状语从句根据其意义的不同，可以有很多种类型，所以引导状语从句的从属连词用法也比较复杂，如表示时间的状语从句叫时间状语从句，它可以由when, while, as, before, after, as soon as, since, until 等；表示条件的状语从句叫条件状语从句，它
: 中考英语复习---连词从属连词和并列连词（一）从属连词：用于连接各 种从句的连词（二）并列连词：并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。常见的并列连词有：only…but also, neither…nor等。1.表并列关系的and, both…and, not 表选择关系的or, either…or等。2. 3. 表转折关系的but, while（然而）等。 4.表因果关系的for, so等。“和”在肯定句中表并列and: 5. or: “和”在否定句中表并列 另外：1)or “或者”用于选择疑问句 2)or “否则” eg. ①.Which do you like better, tea or milk? ②.Hurry up, or you'll be late for school. 6.but “但是”表转折 eg. I listened, but I heard nothing. 注意：1)though(虽然), but(但是)不能连用 2)not …but 不是…而是 eg. This book isn't mine but yours. both…and : 既…又（连接主语为复数） neither…nor: 既不…也不连接两主 7. either…or: 语后者决或者…或者 not only …but also:不但…而且定单、复 eg.1)Both he and I are students. 2)Neither he nor I am a student. 练习 ( )1.___ the afternoon of May, we visited the old man. A. On B. At C. In ( )2.Many people work ___ the day and sleep ___ night. A. on ; at B. in ; in C. in ; at ( )3.He speaks Japanese best ____ the boy students. A. between B. with C. among ( )4.A wolf ___ a sheep skin is our dangerous enemy. A. with B. in C. on ( )5.Joan hopes to come back ___ three days. A. after B. for C. in ( )6.They sent the letter to me ___ mistake. A. by B. for C. with ( )7.He left home ___ a cold winter evening. A. at B. on C. in ( )8.Shanghai is ____ the east of China. A. in B. on C. to ( )9.____ my father's help, I have finished my composition. A. Under B. On C. with ( )10.He's very strict ____ himself and he's very strict ___ his work. A. with ; in B. in ; with C. with ; with )11.I really can't agree ____ you. (
单独句子——疑问代词（5个词）P42，疑问副词（7个词）P130 连接 句子与“句子”的 连接词 名词性从句（4大从句） 连词 P101 从属连词 P104 “that 、if 、whether 等” 状语从句（9大类） 并列连词 连接两个分句（4种关系） ［对等关系的两个句子］ 介词 P96 一些特殊的介词（如but 、except 等） 连接副词 连接分句 连接从句 （不表疑问） 代词 P45 表疑问 连接代词 不表疑问 关系代词（6个词） ［主、宾、表、定］ 关系副词（3个词） ［状］ 定语从句 ［5大成分+1修饰整句］ 副词 P130 分句 从句 句子 注： 特殊点： ① 连接代词普通连接代词 ——表疑问 （表疑问、究竟） 复合式连接代词——不表疑问 （表无论、一切、所有） 连接副词 连接从句的连接副词 连接分句的连接副词 P103注意、P130⑨ 参考 《论介词宾语的语法结构》——熊锡源 《介词宾语从句种种》——洪淑治 《漫谈英语介词的宾语从句》——袁春松 P96①例句——连接副词 不表疑问的 介词宾语从句 比较 区别疑问代词 区别疑问副词 ② 既可“表疑问”，也可“不表疑问”的连接词：whomever 、whoever 等。 ③ 介词后接 （一般接名词或代词） 形容词 参考 《介词后接形容词的几种情况》——雍和明 《论介词宾语的语法结构》——熊锡源 从句（作宾语从句） P96①例句 参考 《论介词宾语的语法结构》——熊锡源 《介词宾语从句种种》——洪淑治 《漫谈英语介词的宾语从句》——袁春松 ④ 既可做“介词”，也可做“连词”的词：for 、since 、until 、before 、after 等。 for 介词P93 并列连词（因果推理关系）P103 介词P93 从属连词（时间、原因状从）P105 since 介词P93~94 从属连词（时间状从）P105 until 、before 、after
★连接词★ 仟叶精品 至少要有两个东西才能做连接。 〈第114卷〉对等连接词(1) 依形态分为 就是按照其长相来区分。 (1) 简单连接词：and, or, but, if, when 等。 (2) 相关连接词：both…and…, either…or…, not only…but also…等。 (3) 片语连接词：as soon as, as well as, even if 等，片语连接词就是多个字的连接词。 (4) 有其他词类转换而成：immediately, supposing--假设，类似于if 的用法。 依功能分为 就是按照个性、属性来区分。 (1) 对等连接词：将字与字，片语与片语，子句与子句等连接在一起。 连接词两边连接的东西是相同特性的东西，对等就是相对平等，字的平等就是词性相同。 I love you and you love me.
这两句都是平等的，没有哪句胜过哪一句，我两彼此相爱。 (2) 从属连接词：引导名词子句或副词子句的连接词。 从就是随从，属就是属下附属，有子句中的老大就做主要子句。 I love you if you love me. 这里的两句话是不对等的，if 后面是附带的条件，当条件成立的时候主要子句才成立。主要子句可以单独存在，从属子句必须要有主要子句，不能单独存在。 从属子句按照功能的不同还分为： 名词子句 => 我爱你是真的。 I love you is true. 这样写是错误的，一个句子只能有一个主词一个动词，超过要用连接词。 [That I love you] is true. 这样写才是正确的，that 将is 前面部分当成是一整个事情， 事情才有分真假，动作没有真假，动作可以做得、快做的慢。 That I love you 是句子的主词，只有具有名词的身份才能当主词。 The story is true. 副词子句 =>
英语从属连词用法分类详解 1. 引导时间状语从句的从属连词 (1)表示“当…时候”或“每当”的时间连词。主要的when, while, as, whenever： He jumped up when the phone rang. 电话铃响时他吓了一跳。 We listened while the teacher read. 老师朗读时我们听着。 The phone rang just as I was leaving. 我正要离开，电话铃就响了起来。 (2)表示“在…之前(或之后)”的时间连词。主要的有before, after： Turn the lights off before you leave. 离开前请关灯。 He started the job soon after he left the university. 他大学毕业后就开始做这份工作。 (3)表示“自从”或“直到”的时间连词。主要的有since, until, till： He has lived here since he got married. 他结婚后就一直住在这儿。 Most men worked until [till] they’re 65. 大多数男人工作到65岁。 (4)表示“一…就”的时间连词。主要的有as soon as, the moment, the minute, the seco nd, the instant, immediately, d irectly, instantly, once, no sooner…than, hardly…when等：Tell him the news as soon as you see him. 你一见到他就把这消息告诉他。 I recognized her the moment (that) I saw her. 我一看到她就认出她来了。 I want to see him the minute (that) he arrives. 他一到来我就要见他。 I went home directly I had finished work. 我一干完活就回家了。 Once he arrives, we can start. 他一来我们就可以开始。 (5)表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次”等的时间连词。主要的有every time(每次)，each time (每次)，(the) next time(下次)，any time(随时)，(the) last time(上次)，the first time(第一次)：Last time I saw him, he looked ill. 上次我见到他的时候，他好像有病。 Next time you’re in London come and visit us. 你下次来伦敦过来探望我们。 Do look me up next time you’re in London. 你下次到伦敦来，一定来找我。 Every time I call on him, he is out. 我每次去访问他，他都不在。 You can call me any time you want to. 你随时都可以给我打电话。 【注】every time, each time, any time前不用冠词，(the) next time, (the) last time中的冠词可以省略，而the first time中的冠词通常不能省略。 2. 引导条件状语从句的从属连词 这类连词主要有if, unless, as [so] long as, in case 等： If anyone calls tell them I’m not at home. 要是有人打电话来，就说我不在家。
英语连词：并列连词和从属连词专项训练（附答案） 一. 连词练习 1 .He is very old, ____ he still works very hard. A. but B.if C. when D.as 2. ____ you are dismissed. A. Neither you go nor B. Either you go or C. Whether you go or D. Both you go and 3. They had camped once before, ____ they knew what to take. A. because B. now C. so D. since 4. Why these things happened was ____ the driver had been careless. A. because of B. owing to C. due to D. that 5. Although, it's raining, ____are still working in the fields. A. they B. but they C. and they D. so they
6.___we have satisfied you, you have no grounds of complaint. A. So B. Since that C. Now that D. By now. 7. Write clearly ____ your teacher can understand .you correctly. A. since B. for C. because D. so that 8.You'll miss the train ____ you hurry up. A. unless B. as C. if D. until 9. Francis did the task____ his brother. A. as good as B. as better as C. as well as D. as best as 10.The size of the audience,____ we had expected, was well over twenty thousand. A. as B. what C. that D. whom 11.I thought he hated the TV .You are right,____ he still watches the program. A. yet B. besides C. also D. then 12. It looks ____ it's going to rain. A. that B. as C. as if D. like that 13.____ to New York, her father has not heard from her.
一、并列连词： 一）常见的表示语义延伸的并列连词有： 1. and Justice is on your side. And justice will triumph over injustice. 正义在你们一边，而正义是会战胜非正义的。 2. neither... nor She could neither speak the language nor write it. 这种语言她既不会说，也不会写。 3. both... and A man should have both courage and perseverance.一个人既要有勇气又要有毅力。 4. not only... but also We should not only be bold, but also be cautious. 我们不仅要大胆，而且要谨慎。
5. as well as I have read one of his novels as well as a few of his plays. 我读过他的一本小说和几个剧本。 二）表示选择的并列连词有： 1. or You may do it yourself, or ask someone else to do it. 你可以自己做或者让别人做。 2. either... or I left it either on the table or in the drawer. 我不是把它放在桌子上了，就是放在抽屉里了。 除了表示选择外，or和either... or还可以表示否定的条件： 1) Now I must go or (if not) I shall be late for the
【专题四】介词、连词与状语从句 【考情分析】 介词 1．常见介词地用法及辨析. 2．介词与其他词性所构成地一些短语. 3．在定语从句中,介词地使用情况. 连词 1. 考查并列连词、从属连词地用法 2. 重点考查主从复合句和并列句地连接词地选用. 。 状语从句 1.状语从句地分类 1.可分为时间、原因、地点、目地、结果、条件、让步、比较及方式等类型. 2.状语从句地引导词与介词地用法比较；状语从句与定语从句引导词地辨析. 3.能够辨别同类状语从句中近似连接词地用法差异. 【知识归纳】 介词： 1.“名词＋介词”型 the key/answer/visit/apology/introduction/way…to； wish/desire/prize/respect…for； ; pity/mercy/congratulation/effect/advice/impression/influence…on 2.“介词＋名词”型 (1) in ＋名词 in advance 在前头,事先,预先in case 如果,万一in charge 主管,掌管,看管 in common 共有,共同,公有in demand 有需要地in doubt 感到疑惑地,难以确定地 (2) ①on＋名词 on guard 在值勤on leave 在休假on holiday在度假on strike罢工on sale出售on loan 借贷 ②on＋the＋名词on the move 在移动,搬迁；离开on the march 在行军on the flow 在涨潮 (3) beyond ＋名词 beyond one's power 是某人力所不及地beyond one's reach 够不着 ~
引导时间状语从句的名词性从属连词 英语中有些名词结构可用作从属连词，用以引导状语从句，且主要是时间状语从句。这类结构归纳起来有以下六类： 一、?t he + 瞬间名词 其中的瞬间名词主要包括?m oment, minute, instant, second等，其意为“一……就……”，相当于?a s soon as。如： The minute he saw her he fell in love. 他对她一见倾心。 I’ll telephone the minute there’s any change. 一有变更我立即用电话通知。 Telephone me the moment (that) you get the results. 你一有结果，马上给我打电话。 I was so tired that I fell asleep the instant I closed my eyes. 我很累，一合上眼就睡着了。 She put down the receiver the second she recognized my voice. 她一听出是我的声音，马上就放下电话听筒。 注：其中的瞬间名词后可接?t hat，也可省略。另外，有的个别副词（如?d irectly / immediately 等）也可表示类似意思。如： Immediately the meal was over, he switched on the radio. 饭一吃完他就把收音机打开。 二、?t he + 季节名词 其中的季节名词包括?s pring, summer, autumn, winter，其意为“在……的那年春天、夏天、秋天、冬天。如：
状语从句常用引导词归纳 引导状语从句的词语叫从属连词。不同作用的状语从句通常由不同的从属连词来引导。如： 1. 引导时间状语从句的从属连词主要有when, while, as, whenever, before, after, since, until, till, as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once等。 2. 引导条件状语从句的从属连词主要有if, unless, as [so] long as, in case 等。 3. 引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有 in order that, so that, in case, for fear等。 4. 引导结果状语从句的从属连词主要有so that, so…that, such…that等。 5. 引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that), considering (that) 等。 6. 引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要有although, though, even though, even if, while, however, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever等。 7. 引导方式状语从句的从属连词主要有as, like, as if, as though, the way等。 8. 引导地点状语从句的从属连词主要有where, wherever, everywhere等。 9. 引导比较状语从句的从属连词主要有than和as…as。 as long as和so long as引导条件状语从句的区别 as long as 和so long as 均可表示“只要”，用于引导条件状语从句，两者没什么区别。如： I don’t care so [as] long as she lets me be with her son.只要她让我和她儿子在一起，我不 在乎。 You can take my car as [so] long as you drive carefully. 你可以用我的汽车，只要你小心点儿开。 You may use my dictionary as [so] long as you don’t keep it too long.只要使用时间不太长，你可以用我的词典。