高一英语非谓语，独立主格专练
2018年3月
一，独立主格结构的特点：1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2）名词或代词与后面的现在分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是逻辑主谓关系；名词或代词与后面的过去分词是逻辑动宾关系。3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子分开；修饰整个句子，在句中位置灵活，可放在句首、句中或句末，常用作状语。
二，注意事项：（1）独立主格转换成状语从句，当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom. 下课后，学生很快离开了课室。
（2）不能省略being (having been)的情形：
在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being（或having been）不能省略。
独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。如：It being Sunday, we went to church.因为是星期天，我们去做了礼拜。 (2)在There being+名词的结构中。
There being no bus, we had to go home on foot. 因为没有
公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。
（3）在“名词（或代词）+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，
一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。 Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand.史密斯小姐走进了课室，手里拿着一本书。
比较with的复合结构。如：Miss Smith entered the classroom, with
a book in her hand.
1.There's a note （pin）to the door (say)when the shop will open again.
2.Once again I found myself standing at the crossroads, two paths (lie)ahead of me.
3..-- Where is Tom I have something important to tell him.
―I last saw him (seat)in the library reading.
4. A terrible air crash accident happened over the Atlantic Ocean
(kill)150 passengers.
5.Life is like riding a bicycle. (keep)your balance,
you must keep moving.
6.Everyone in this country should work hard and do what they can
(fight)against national smog.
7. (face)with so many challenges ， Yang Guang , a blind young fellow, didn't give up; he made greatest efforts to win success.
the news, he rushed out, the book (leave)lying on
the table and disappeared into the distance.
9. More and more parks have been built in the city, (make) it much easier for people to relax.
soldier rushed into the cave, his right hand ________（hold） a gun and his face ________ （cover）with sweat.
11..-- Why do you look so sad
--There are so many problems________(remain)to be settled.
12.Soon a big crowd make himeself________(see),the speaker climed onto a chair.
13.________(fllow)Mr. Smith,the lady entered the
hall,________(fllow)by her little dog.
14.The cave_______(be)dark,he lit some candles_______(give)light.
15.She stood there,tears_______(roll)down her cheeks.
16.There are various kinds of metals,each_______(have)its own properties.
17.The speech _______(deliver),a lively dission started.
18.--Come on ,please give me some ideas about the project.
--Sorry, with so much work _______(fill) my mind,I almost break down.
19.There _______(be) no classes, we paid a visit to the Great Wall.
20.The boy lay on the ground,his eyes _______(close)and his hands ______(tremble).
21.The article opens and closes with descriptions of two news reports，each _________(make) one major point in contrast with the other．
22.There are various kinds of metals ，each _________(have) its own properties.
改错
1. I have a lot of books, half of which novels.
bus was crowded with passengers going home from market, most of whom carrying heavy bags and baskets full of fruit and vegetables they had bought there.
3The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200,000 silver pennies, all of which over 600 years old.
4.On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, whose parents seated together joking.
5. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons was finished for the day.
6.The signal was given,the bus started at once.
7.My dictoinary was lost, I had to buy a new one.
8.There was no bus,we had to walk home.
9.With a light burnt,he still works in the office.
10.With all the magazines I needed buying,I left the post office.
11. New words explaining , the text became easier for us to learn.
12.Ford tried dividing the labor，each worker was assigned a separate task.
In front of the house was a garden, the owner of which seated there,playing chess with his grandchildren.
13.
非谓语动词 非谓语动词： 1.动词不定式【to+动词原型】 2.动名词【动词+ing】 3.（现在、过去）分词 四个要点： 1.一个句子中有多个动词时，其中一个是谓语，其他全部是非谓语。 2.主动ing，被动ed，要做去做todo 3.如果非谓语是主语做的，前面什么都不用加；如果非谓语不是主语做的，谁做的，加谁。 4.非谓语就是从句的简化。 举例： Jack唱着歌回家。 Singing a song，Jack went home Jack受伤了回家。 Injured，Jack went home Rose受伤了，Jack哭了。 Rose injured，Jack cried Rose笑了，Jack笑了。 Rose smiling，Jack smiled. 独立主格结构 独立主格结构就是给非谓语动词加上逻辑主语 独立主格结构基本构成形式： 名词(代词)+现在分词；过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；名词；介词短语） 独立主格结构的特点： 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。 2）名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词等是主谓关系。 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。在句中作状语，相当于一个状语从句。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。 这里分形式具体举例，以便熟悉知识点。 1.名词(代词)+现在分词 Time permitting, I will go with you 时间允许的话，我就和你一起走。 2.名词(代词)+过去分词 The work done, he went back home. 工作完成后，他回家了。 3.名词(代词)+不定式 在“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上
2010届高考二轮复习英语教案 专题八非谓语动词和独立主格结构 【专题要点】非谓语动词和独立主格结构主要用法如下：1.动名词和动词不定式作主语、宾语；2.只跟动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语；3.只跟动词不定式作宾语的常见动词； 4.既可以跟动名词又可以跟动词不定式作宾语，且意义不同的动词或短语； 5.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的区别； 6.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作定语时的区别； 7.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语时的区别； 8.动名词的复合结构在句中作状语； 9.there be 结构的两种非谓语形式；10.独立主格结构在句中作状语； 11.with复合结构在句中作状语或定语。 【考纲要求】非谓语动词包括不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词三种形式。动词的非谓语形式是中学英语语法的重点和难点,也是每年高考热点中的热点, 考纲要求掌握：非谓语动词的时态和语态；他们在英语句子中的作用；非谓语动词的基本用法和含义，非谓语动词在句子中可以充当多种句子成分，比如主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语等；掌握非谓语动词充当相同句子成分时的辨析；掌握非谓语动词在不同的语境、语义下的运用。 对于独立主格结构考纲要求掌握独立主格结构的构成方式；在句子中的作用以及with复合结构。 【教法指引】非谓语动词包括不定式、v-ing形式和过去分词，是高中英语学习的难点，也是高考考查的重点。高中英语非谓语动词是一个重要考点，教师在引导学生复习备考中要注意重点突出、训练得当，尤其是对以下要点的复习： 1.不定式、现在分词与过去分词的用法区别； 2.非谓语动词的主动式与被动式； 3.非谓语动词完成式的用法； 4.非谓语动词用作伴随状语； 5.非谓语动词用作目的状语； 6.非谓语动词用作结果状语； 7.非谓语动词用作宾语补足语； 8.非谓语动词的逻辑主语问题； 9.非谓语动词用作主语的问题；10.“(be+)过去分词+介词”结构；11.动名词的复合结构和there be结构的非谓语动词形式。 对于独立主格结构的复习，教师必须要讲清它的构成方式和在句子中的作用以及与with 复合结构和分词之间的辨析的关系。 【知识网络】非谓语动词用法 非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、
非谓语动词与独立主格结构 非谓语动词分为三类：不定式（infinitive）、动名词（gerund）和分词（participle）。其特点是： 1．不定式、动名词和分词可以做很多句子成分，但就是不能单独做谓语，这也是它们被称为"非谓语动词"的原因。 2．它们具有各种形态：一般式、主动态、被动态、进行态和完成态。 3．不定式和动名词可以做主语、宾语、表语、补语等。但不管起什么作用，它们都具有动词的功能，但无语法上的动词性质，这一点可以通过它们不受主语的人称和数的限制体现出来。 4．分词起形容词和副词作用，可做表语、定语、状语，但不能做主语和宾语。它也不受主语人称和数的限制。 一．不定式 1.完成式 不定式的一般形式所表示的动作, 通常与主要谓语表示的动作(状态)同时(或几乎同时)发生, 或是在它之后发生. 假如不定式所表示的动作, 在谓语所表示的动作(状态)之前发生, 就要用不定式的完成式. I am glad to have seen your mother (= I am glad I have seen your mother). (比较: I am glad to see you.) He is said to have written a new book about workers. He pretended not to have seen me.
2.进行式 如果主要谓语表示的动作(状态)发生时, 不定式表示的动作正在进行, 这时要用不定式的进行式. You are not supposed to be working. You haven’t quite recovered yet. We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us here. He pretended to be listening attentively. 3.完成进行式 在谓语所表示的时间之前一直进行的动作, 就要用不定式的完成进行式. The struggle was known to have been going for twenty years. We are happy to have been working with you. 4.被动式 当不定式的逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时, 不定式一般要用被动形式. It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here. She hated to be flattered. He wanted the letter to be typed at once. 【例】Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection ______ to the nation. A) has left B) is to leave C) leaves D) is to be left 结合选项来看，全句的意思：“78岁的丹尼斯爵士已经向众人宣布他的许多收藏品将留给国家"。收藏品是"被留给国家”，因此需要一个被动式做宾语，所以答案是D) is to be left。 （二）句法功能 1.不定式作主语 【例】It is not unusual for workers in that region _________. A) to be paid more than a month later B) to be paid later than more a month C) to pay later than a month more D) to pay later more than a month it 在句中作形式主语。而不定式to be paid more than a month是句子的逻辑主语。结合选项全句的意思是：“那个地方的工人一个多月后才得到工资是常有的事”，答案是A)。
高一英语非谓语，独立主格专练 2018年3月 一，独立主格结构的特点：1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。2）名词或代词与后面的现在分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是逻辑主谓关系；名词或代词与后面的过去分词是逻辑动宾关系。3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子分开；修饰整个句子，在句中位置灵活，可放在句首、句中或句末，常用作状语。二，注意事项：（1）独立主格转换成状语从句，当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom. 下课后，学生很快离开了课室。 （2）不能省略being (having been)的情形： 在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being（或having been）不能省略。 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。如：It being Sunday, we went to church.因为是星期天，我们去做了礼拜。 (2)在There being+名词的结构中。 There being no bus, we had to go home on foot. 因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。
（3）在“名词（或代词）+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。 Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand.史密斯小姐走进了课室，手里拿着一本书。比较with 的复合结构。如：Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in her hand. 1.There's a note （pin）to the door (say)when the shop will open again. 2.Once again I found myself standing at the crossroads, two paths (lie)ahead of me. 3..-- Where is Tom I have something important to tell him. ―I last saw him (seat)in the library reading. 4.A terrible air crash accident happened over the Atlantic Ocean (kill)150 passengers. 5.Life is like riding a bicycle. (keep)your balance, you must keep moving. 6.Everyone in this country should work hard and do what they
高考非谓语动词专项练习题及答案详解 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．The woman, when _______ how her husband was injured, began to cry. A．asked B．to ask C．asking D．ask 【答案】A 【解析】 2．In 2012, Sun Yang became the first Chinese man _____ an Olympic gold medal in swimming. A．winning B．to win C．having won D．being won 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查不定式作定语。句意：在2012年，孙杨成为第一个获得奥运会游泳比赛金牌的中国男运动员。当名词前面有序数词修饰或被修饰的词就是序数词的时候，通常要用不定式作定语。如the first to come and the last to leave，本句中Chinese man前面有序数词the first修饰，所以后面要用不定式作定语。故B项正确。 3．I stopped the car ____ a short break as I was feeling tired. A．take B．taking C．to take D．taken 【答案】C 【解析】 句意：我停下车来休息一会儿，因为我感觉累了。此处动词不定式表目的，故选C。 【考点定位】考查非谓语动词 4．They might just have a place ________ on the writing course—why don’t you give it a try? A．leave B．left C．leaving D．to leave 【答案】B 【解析】 此处left过去分词作定语修饰a place，被留下的留给写作课程的地方（机会）。句意：他们可能还有个学习写作课的机会，你为什么不试一试呢？ 【考点定位】本题考查非谓语动词的用法。 5．After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on all the people who had helped in her career. A．to thank B．thanking C．having thanked D．to have thanked
高考二轮复习英语教案 专题八非谓语动词和独立主格结构 【专题要点】非谓语动词和独立主格结构主要用法如下：1.动名词和动词不定式作主语、宾语； 2.只跟动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语； 3.只跟动词不定式作宾语的常见动词； 4.既可以跟动名词又可以跟动词不定式作宾语，且意义不同的动词或短语； 5.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的区别； 6.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作定语时的区别； 7.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语时的区别；8.动名词的复合结构在句中作状语； 9.there be 结构的两种非谓语形式；10.独立主格结构在句中作状语； 11.with复合结构在句中作状语或定语。 【考纲要求】非谓语动词包括不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词三种形式。动词的非谓语形式是中学英语语法的重点和难点,也是每年高考热点中的热点, 考纲要求掌握：非谓语动词的时态和语态；他们在英语句子中的作用；非谓语动词的基本用法和含义，非谓语动词在句子中可以充当多种句子成分，比如主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语等；掌握非谓语动词充当相同句子成分时的辨析；掌握非谓语动词在不同的语境、语义下的运用。 对于独立主格结构考纲要求掌握独立主格结构的构成方式；在句子中的作用以及with复合结构。 【教法指引】非谓语动词包括不定式、v-ing形式和过去分词，是高中英语学习的难点，也是高考考查的重点。高中英语非谓语动词是一个重要考点，教师在引导学生复习备考中要注意重点突出、训练得当，尤其是对以下要点的复习： 1.不定式、现在分词与过去分词的用法区别； 2.非谓语动词的主动式与被动式； 3.非谓语动词完成式的用法； 4.非谓语动词用作伴随状语； 5.非谓语动词用作目的状语； 6.非谓语动词用作结果状语； 7.非谓语动词用作宾语补足语； 8.非谓语动词的逻辑主语问题； 9.非谓语动词用作主语的问题；10.“(be+)过去分词+介词”结构；11.动名词的复合结构和there be结构的非谓语动词形式。 对于独立主格结构的复习，教师必须要讲清它的构成方式和在句子中的作用以及与with 复合结构和分词之间的辨析的关系。 【知识网络】非谓语动词用法 非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、
参考答案 1. to do 2 to be taken 3.. to be thinking deeply 4. to have been sent to 5. to have been writing 6. how to start work. 7. only to be told 8. stay (at) home 9. Taking exercise early 10. Having lived 11. Not having received 12. Living far from my company 13. leaving nothing valuable 14. make yourself respected 15. Lost in thought 16. Determined to change 17. All/With all the tickets（having been）sold out 18. (with)flowers and grass growing on both sides 19. sword in hand / with a sword in my hand 20. to have repaired 21. have you standing all the time 22. to have her go with him 23.leave the water running 24.Having been attacked 25. to have heard of / about the news 26. couldn’t make his point understood 27. being paid / having been paid for this week’s job 28. got separated from my friends 29. Dressed in a white uniform 30. being no tickets for 31. to be doing international trade business 32The general manager’s being taken to 33. the door shut 34. their(the) light burning 35. so much homework to do 36. flowers in their hands. 37. the examinations over 38. so many people present 39. need repairing/ to be repaired 40. his not waiting 41. dealt with well 42. Having suffered from 43. seated at the piano 44. the door locked 45. my mother being ill 46. nothing to do 47. focused on one thing 48. to be worked out 49. being absent 50. taken into consideration 51. the thief being caught 52. not being allowed 53. being opened and shut 54. Given more time/ If we are given more time 55. failed to identify 56. (to) fill out / in these application forms 57. resulted from 58. concerning healthy food 59. being discussed here 60. passing the exam 61. to make it to 62. when to drink a toast and how to behave 63. saving a lot of labor 64. Tasting good 65. only to be told 66. to have discovered a cure 67. to treat you to 68. my watch missing 69. from what it used to be 70.find it inconvenient to buy 71. are made to work 72. trying to make sense of 73. building a tunnel 74. translated into Chinese 75. happened to witness 76. to appeal to 77. interested in medicine 78. to focus on research 79. located in 80. newly-completed
六、非谓语动词在独立主格中的应用 谓语动词不能用于独立主格结构，而非谓语动词则可以。 非谓语动词作状语，如果不是特殊情况，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，如果不是，就必须另加一个逻辑主语。这种逻辑主语加逻辑谓语的结构就形成了独立主格结构。总体来讲，“逻辑主语+逻辑谓语”构成独立主格结构。注意，如果逻辑谓语是联系动词，还要跟逻辑表语；如果是及物动词，还要跟宾语。另外，独立主格结构中的非谓语动词being和having been通常被省略。但是，当强调非谓语动词的动作早于谓语动作时，having been不能省略。独立主格结构在句中常作状语，表示时间，条件，原因，伴随或起补充说明的作用。请看以下独立主格结构的四种句型： ⑴逻辑主语+being/having been+逻辑表语（形容词、副词、名词、介词短语）being是一种联系动词的形式，表示逻辑主语现在或当时的性质或状态。若把独立主格结构变成状语从句，从句中的谓语用一般时态。这时，只要不是在there being句型当中，being常被省略。如果不省略，要么是为了强调，要么是为了读起来顺口；having been表示逻辑主语早于谓语动作的性质或状态。若把独立主格结构变成状语从句，从句中的谓语用完成时态。这时，having been不能省略。例如： He entered the room, his nose (being) red with cold.他进入了房间，鼻子冻得发红。(伴随状语，=and his nose was red with cold) They went out of the room, the light (being) out.他们走出了房间，灯随之灭了。(伴随状语，=and the light was out) The meeting being over, they went to the zoo.会议结束了，他们向动物园走去。（时间状语，=when the meeting was over） She came up, her hair (being) a wreck.她走了进来，头发蓬乱不堪。（伴随状语，= and her hair was a wreck） Monette having been in prison for years, people couldn’t recognize him at all.莫奈特坐牢多年，人们根本就不能把他认出来。（原因状语，= Because Monette had been in prison for years） There being nobody else at hand, I had to do it by myself.由于附近没有人，我只得独自干了。(原因状语，=Because there was nobody else at hand) There having been no rain for a long time, the ground was very dry.因为好长时间没下雨了，地面非常干燥。(原因状语，=Because there had been no rain for a long time) In front of the house was a tall tree, its top (being) well above the tops of the other trees.房子前面是一颗大树，树稍高出了其它树很多。（补充说明，=whose top was well above the tops of the other trees） ⑵逻辑主语+doing (sth.) doing是一种行为动词的现在分词形式，表示主动，作条件和时间状语时，表示动作在将来发生，若把独立主格结构变成状语从句，从句中的谓语用一般时态；作原因、伴随状语或补充说明时，表示动作与谓语动作同时发生或紧接着发生，若把独立主格结构变成状语从句或并列句，从句中或并列句中的时态要视情况用进行时态或一般时态。例如： Time/Weather permitting (=If the time/weather permits), we’ll look around the city.条件许可，我们就去逛街。（条件状语） Mary coming back, they discussed it together.玛丽回来，我们就一起讨论。（时间状
非谓语动词的独立主格结构 英语中常用独立主格结构表达复杂信息，独立主格结构的逻辑主语与主句的主语是不一致的，它独立存在。“名词或代词+ 非谓语动词”构成的独立主格结构称为非谓语动词的独立主格结构。名词或代词和非谓语动词具有逻辑上的主谓关系。 一、不定式构成的独立主格结构 不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的行为或状态，在句中常作原因状语，偶尔作条件状语。 Lots of homework to do, I have to stay home all day. 由于有很多的家庭作业需要做，我只好一整天呆在家里。 So many children to look after, the mother has to quit her job. 有这么多的孩子需要照顾，这位母亲只好辞了工作。 二、动词-ing形式构成的独立主格结构 动词-ing形式在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语，否则就是不正确的。如果动词-ing形式的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时，就应用动词-ing 形式的独立主格结构，在句中常作时间状语、方式状语、伴随状语、原因状语和条件状语。 （1）表示时间 The audience having seated themselves, the concert began. （= After the audience had seated themselves ...） 观众坐好之后，音乐会开始了。 （2）表示方式或伴随 The coward was backing, his face being deathly pale, toward another room. (= The coward was backing ... room while his face was ...) 那个胆小鬼脸色煞白向另一个房间退去。 （3）表示原因 The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest. (= As the guide led the way ...) 有向导领路，我们毫不费劲地走出了森林。 （4）表示条件 Weather permitting, we will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. (= If weather permits ...) 如果天气允许的话，我们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。 三、过去分词构成的独立主格结构 过去分词构成的独立主格结构是由“逻辑主语+ 过去分词”构成，在句中作时间状语、伴随状语、原因状语、条件状语等。 （1）表示时间 The task completed, we had a global traveling. (= The task having been completed ... = After the task was completed ...) 完成任务后，我们进行了一次环球旅行。 （2）表示方式或伴随 When in trouble, Sadie would sit alone, head bent. (= ... Sadie would sit alone and her head was bent.) 塞迪遇到麻烦时，总是低着头独自坐着。
高三英语复习观摩课教学设计 教学目的：巩固非谓语动词作状语的用法，学会使用独立主格结构。 Step One 值日生报告人数 Step Two One student will give all present a brief introduction of our school. Ladies and gentlemen: Warmly welcome to our school. First of all, please permit me, on behalf of all the teachers and students in our school, to give you a warm welcome. Now let me give you a very brief introduction to our school. There are 70 classes in three grades with more than 6000 students in our school. We have Chinese, maths, English, physics, chemistry, biology, politics, history, geography, P. E. and music. Besides, a computer course is also provided. There are three labs equipped with modern instruments and we have a computer room with over 50 advanced computers in it. The teachers love us students and we students respect our teachers. We listen attentively in class, learn from each other and help each other. After class we take an active part in sports or listen to music. We enjoy our rich and colorful school life. That’s all. Thank you. Step Three All the students will recite a passage. China is large in area and rich in natural resources. The climate is different depending on the area. The south has cool, wet winters and hot, damp summers. This area is suitable for growing rice. The north has cold, dry winters and hot, rainy summers. Wheat is mainly grown in this area. The western part of China is dry with little rain all the year round. It is not good for growing crops, but some places produce a variety of fruit. And the eastern part of China enjoys plenty of rain most time of the year, so the crops grow very well. Step Four通过做单词拼写题来复习非谓语动词的用法 根据各句的句子结构写出空中的单词，并说出该句中非谓语部分地语法功能。 1. __________ (穿着) a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. 2. ____________(以……为基础) an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later. 3. ___________(接近) the city of New York, we saw the Statue of Liberty. 4.__________(意识到) that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing computer games. 5. There is nothing more I can try to _____________(说服) you to stay, so I wish you good luck. 6. He was busy writing a story, only ____________(停下来) once in a while to smoke a cigarette. 7. George returned after the war, only to _________(得知) that his wife had left him. 8. (When)______________(比较) with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. 9. The research is so designed that once ___________(开始) nothing can be done to change it. 10. Though __________(缺) money, his parents managed to send him to university. Wearing Basing Approaching Realizing persuade stopping learn compared begun lacking Step Five 复习独立主格结构(absolute structure)的用法 导入：作状语的非谓语其逻辑主语不是句中主语时，需要给非谓语加上逻辑主语名词或代词(人称代词时用主格)，这种结构叫独立主格结构。例如： The boy being unhappy, I gave him a candy. = As the boy was unhappy, I gave him a candy. There being no buses, I had to walk home. = As there were no buses, I had to walk home. It raining tomorrow, we’ll have to put off the sports meet. = If it rains tomorrow, we’ll have to put off the sports meet. I waiting for the bus, a stone hit me on the head. = While I was waiting for the bus, a stone hit me on the head. 独立主格构成有两种形式： 一种是在名词或代词(人称代词时用主格形式)后直接加名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词、不定式等；另一种是用with + 名词或代词(人称代词时用宾格) + 名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词、不定式等。 一般来说表示“具有、携带着”等意思时，with加复合宾语结构较常用。例如： It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres.那儿的湿度很大，所以树都长得特别高，一些高达90多米。（必修3第五单元） The elderly man was telling a fairy tale(神话故事), with a lot of kids(小娃娃) listening
优秀试题热身 1.(·杭州质检)A powerful earthquake struck Haiti's capital, ________ tens of thousands homeless and buried in ruins. A. left B. to leave C. being left D. leaving 答案与解析：D句意：海地首都发生强烈地震，造成了成千上万的人无家可归和被埋在废墟中。现在分词短语作状语，表示结果。 2．(·杭州质检)—Be careful! Don't forget you are on a ladder. —But you are holding it for me, nothing ________. A. worry about B. to worry about C. is worried about D. worrying about 答案与解析：B句意：——小心点。别忘了你在梯子上。——但是有你扶着呢，没什么可担心的。不定式to worry about作后置定语。 3．(·杭州质检)John often attends public lectures at the University of Cambridge mainly ________ his English. A. to improve B. improving C. improved D. to have improved 答案与解析：A不定式在这里作目的状语。句意：约翰经常参加剑桥大学的公开演讲，他这样做主要是为了提高自己的英语水平。 4．(·杭州质检)________ in a simple way, the book clearly deals with the author's experiences as a young boy in a small mountain village. A. Having written B. To be written C. Written D. Being written 答案与解析：C write和the book之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动语态，由此可以排除A项；B项表示目的和将来发生的动作，D项表示正在进行的动作，均不合题意。因此选C项。 5．(·金华十校联考)According to a recent US survey, children spent up to 25 hours a week ________ TV. A. to watch B. to watching C. watching D. watched 答案与解析：C spend...(in) doing表示“花费……做某事”，是习惯搭配。
\ 不定式构成的独立主格结构。它表示为发生的行为或状态，在句中常作原因状语或条件 So much homework ,he has stay at home No one to wake her up, she might miss the train 现在分词构成的独立主格结构。分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致时，可以用现在分词的独立主格结构。 The audience having seated themselves =After the audience had seated themselves), the concert began 表时间。 The boy lay on the grass, his head resting upon his left forearm表方式或或伴随情况 The guide leading the way(=As the guide led the way),we had no trouble getting out of the forest表原因 Weather permitting,(=If weather permits),we will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 过去分词构成的独立主格结构 分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致，分词与逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，这时可以用过去分词的独立主格结构。 The task completed, we had a global traveling表示时间 All her attention fixed on it, she was listening to the lecture 表方式或伴随 Thousands of eyes fixed upon him, he felt nervous.表原因
Model test 非谓语，独立主格 1.The bank is reported in the local newspaper________ in broad daylight yesterday. a. to be robbed b. robbed c. to have been robbed d. having been robbed 2. Mr. Milton prefers to resign____ take part in such dishonest business deals. a. than take b. than to take c. rather than take d. rather than to take 3. The students expected there ____ more reviewing classes before the final exams. a. is b. being c. have been d. to be 4. It turned out that the children were not ________ for the accident. a. to blame b. to be blame c. to be blaming d. to have been blamed 5. _____ for a long time, the fields are all dried up. a. There has been no rain b. Having no rain c. There having been no rain d. There being no rain