教育技术学专业英语第十一章

教育技术学专业英语词汇closed circuit television 闭路电视教授Airborne Television Instruction空中电视教学Commission on Educational Television教育电视委员会computer-assisted instruction (CAI) 计算机辅助教学training industry 培训公司academic years 学年度electronic performance support system 电子绩效支持系统knowledge management system知识管理系统constructivist perspective建构主义Department of Instructional System Technology教学系统技术系Instructional Media and Technologies for Learning教学媒体与技术technologies for learning 学习技术seatwork：课堂作业14.Individualized instruction个别化教学15.Reinforcement or feedback强化或反馈15.Realistic context真实的情境16.Cooperative groups协作小组17.hard technology 硬技术18.soft technology软技术19.heterogeneous groups异质小组20. learning center学习中心21. Learning carrels个别化学习台22. reinforcement theory 强化理论23. method of instruction 教学方法24. linear programming| format直线式程序25. programmed instruction 程序教学26. intrinsic programming线性程序27. remedial explanations 补救性解释28. branching programming|format分支式程序29. Web-based instruction.基于网络的教学30．Programmed tutoring 程序化辅导31. structured tutoring结构化辅导32. self-instructional material 自学材料33. Programmed teaching程序化授课34.Personalized System of Instruction (PSI)个人教学系统35. instructional principles 教学原理36. entry skills 入门技能37. screening device筛选工具38. systems approach系统方法39. small steps小步子40. overt responses 外显反应41．immediate feedback即时反馈42. empirical approach 经验主义方法43. formative evaluation形成性评价44.summative evaluation 总结性评价45. instructional design models教学设计模式46. behavioral objectives行为目标47. self-instructional system 个别化教学系统48. cognitive domain 认知领域49. norm-referenced 常模参照测验50.criterion-referenced 标准参照测验51．outcomes-verbal information言语信息52. intellectual skills智力技能53. psychomotor skills动作技能54. cognitive strategies认知策络55. events of instruction教学事件56cognitive psychology 认知心理学57. computer-based instruction基于计算机的教学58. front-end analysis前段分析59．Metacognition元认知60. cognitive awareness认知知觉61. metacognitive strategies 元认知策络62．Metamerory元记忆63.memory strategies 记忆策略64.Metacomprehension元理解65. Schema training图式训练66. multimedia learning environments 多媒体学习环境67. embedded information management信息管理68. database analysis数据库分析69. multimedia design多媒体设计70. Multimedia computer systems 多媒体计算机系统71. videodisc player 光盘播放器72. compression technology压缩技术73. analog formats 模拟格式74．Compression software压缩软件75. Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI). 音乐设备数字接口Speech synthesisi 语音合成Virtual reality虚拟现实Cognitive awarenesss 认知知觉Compression techonology 压缩技术Analog formats 模拟形式OHP（overhead projector投影仪）OHT（overhead transparency 投影片）Videotape录像带CLEs（constuctive learning environmet）建构主义学习环境Knowledge construction知识建构Meaning learning 有意义学习Activity theory 持续活动论COLs（communities of leaners ）学习者共同体Ph ysical Capital 物质资本Human capital人力资本Performance technology 绩效技术In the same wein 同样的On-demand 随机的Stand-alone 独立的HPT（human performance technology)人类绩效技术Behavioral and cognitive specialists行为和认知心理专家Human resouece specilists人力资源专家Integrated learning system 综合学习系统EPSS electronic performance support system 电子绩效支持系统Expert system 专家系统Informance base 信息库Embedded coaching 嵌入式指导Expert advisor专家顾问Leaning experience 学习经历Knowledge assets知识资产Performance problems绩效问题Audio teleconferencing 音频会议系统Audiographics conferencing 音频图形会议系统Videoconferencing 视频会议系统High-resolution 高分辨率Full-color真彩色Ad hoc 特定，专门，临时IST （interactive instruction television ）交互式电视系统Interactive video and videotext 交互式视频显示技术Correspondence education函授教育Advance organize 先行组织者Inquiry learning 提问式学习，问究学习Progressive discourse 渐进式交流Situation cognition情景认知Instructional model教学模型Vocational classe职业课程systems approach 系统方法desired learning outcome期望的到的结果。

教育技术学专业英语复习大纲一、专业词汇第一章：Behavioral objectives movement行为目标运动Cognitive psychology认知心理学Communications传播学Cone of experience经验之塔Constructivism建构主义Electronic performance support systems电子绩效支持系统General system 一般系统理论Instructional systems design(ISD)教学系统设计Knowledge management systems知识管理系统Learner_centered learning environments 以学习者为中心的学习环境Operant conditioning操作性条件反射Programmed instruction程序教学progressivism进步主义reinforcement强化subject matter expert(SME)学科内容专家task analysis任务分析verbalism言语主义virtual reality虚拟现实第二章Artificial intelligence人工智能Audiovisual communication视听传播Intelligent agent智能代理Media_oriented面相媒体Process_oriented面向过程Situated cognition情境认知Systematic系统化utilization利用AECT: Association for Educational Communication and Technology教育传播与技术协会第三章：Attribute of media媒体特征Correspondence course函授课程mainframe主机no significant difference无显著性差异the great media debate媒体大争论videodisk视盘第四章：Distance education远程教育Real_time 实时的K—12从幼儿园到12年级的儿童教育第五章：Intuitive notion 直观概念Schema theory图式理论Elaboration 精细化理论metacognition元认知classical conditioning经典性条件反射operant conditioning操作性条件反射verbal behavior言语行为cognition science认知科学long_term memory长时记忆short_term memory短时记忆第六章：Multiplication table乘法表Taxonomy of learning 学习分类Verbal information言语信息Intellectual skills智慧技能Cognitive strategies 认知策略Rote learning机械学习Non-arbitrary非任意性Prior knowledge先有知识Iterative process迭代过程accommodation顺应assimilation同化verbatim recall逐字回忆第七章：Societal dynamic 社会动力学Communication theory传播理论Mass communication大众传播Incoming message收文Cooperative network协作网络Sender and receiver 发送者和接受者Innovation diffusion theory 创新推广理论第八章Chaos theory混沌理论Complexity and interdependence复杂性和相互依赖性Natural science自然科学Organizational theory组织理论System dynamics系统动力学Systems thinking系统思考第九章Instructional development教学开发Advisory system咨询系统Automated instructional design自动化教学系统设计Authoring tools著作工具Electronic performance support systems电子绩效支持系统Information management信息管理Knowledge management知识管理Intellectual tutoring system智能导师系统Interactive simulation交互式仿真模拟第十章：Systematic instructional development 系统化教学开发Front-end analysis前段分析Formative evaluation形成性评价Summative evaluation总结性评价Events of instruction 教学事件第十二章Information highway信息高速公路Information literacy信息素养Critical skills关键技能第十三章Knowledge base知识库Mental models心智模型Knowledge transfer知识迁移Higher order skills高阶技能Self-awareness自我意识Instructional interventions 教学干预第十四章Multimedia PC多媒体计算机Instructional technology教学技术Artificial intelligence人工技能Cognitive model认知模型Computer-based three dimensional计算机三维Data glove 数据手套Eye phones head mounted display头盔式显示器Virtual programming languages research虚拟编程语言研究室第十五章Correspondence courses函授课程Videoconferencing 视频会议videotape录像带二、重点内容第一章教育技术学经历的时期1、Visual education视觉教育2、Audiovisual instructions视听教育Cone of experience.It contains three domains: doing experience ,observing experience ,abstract experienceDoing experience includes: direct purposeful experiences, contrived experiences, dramatic participation; observing experience includes: demonstrations, field trips, exhibits, motion picture, still pictures, radio_recodings ;abstract experience includes: visual symbols, verbal experience3、Audiovisual communications视听传播Programmed instruction. principles: in a graded sequence of controlled steps and at their own speed, immediately feedback4、Instructional technology教育技术第二章The AECT’s definition in 1994: Instructional Technology is the theory and practice of design, development, utilization, management, and evaluation of processes and resources for learning.教育技术是为了促进学习，二队过程与资源进行设计、开发、利用、管理与评价的理论与实践。

《教育技术学专业英语》课程教学大纲一、课程基本情况与说明（一）课程代码：（二）课程英文名称： Professional English for Educational Technology（三）课程中文名称：教育技术专业英语（四）授课对象：教育技术专业本科学生（五）开课单位：工学院/教育技术系（六）教材：《教育技术学专业英语》，焦建利、叶力汉编著，高等教育出版社2005年（七）参考书目[1]《教育技术专业英语》，刘世清、关伟、王肖虹编著，电子工业出版社， 2004年[2]《教学系统化设计》(影印版) Walter Dick Lou Carey James O.Carey著、汪琼译，高等教育出版社，2004.1（影印版）Robert Heinich、Michael Molenda、James D.Russell、（第7版）[3]《教学媒体与技术》Sharon E.Sma编著高等教育出版社、Pearson、Education出版集团，2002.10[4] 《计算机英语教程》，司爱侠，张强华编著，电子工业出版社， 2005年[5]《计算机英语》，刘兆毓编著，清华大学出版社，2003年[6]《Computing Concept》，Stephen Haag、 Maeve Cummings、 Alan I Rea、Jr 编著McGraw-Hill 2003年（八）课程性质本课程是教育技术学专业的专业必修课。

通过对该课程的学习，使学生了解当前教育技术的相关知识，提高学生的专业英语水平，能够阅读相关的英文文献。

该课程的先修课程为：大学英语。

（九）教学目的本课程涵盖教育技术领域各个分支，反映了学科现状和发展趋势。

通过介绍教育技术学专业文章，让学生掌握教育技术学专业词汇，掌握专业英文资料的阅读方法和技巧，能流利阅读、翻译及赏析专业英语文献，并能简单地进行写作。

（十）教学基本要求本课程教学环节包括课堂讲授、学生自学、课外练习（阅读、翻译、写作）、教师课外辅导、期中考试和期末考试。

教育技术学&业英语翻译中译英一、信息时代的个人知识管理探微在技术进步日新月异的信息时代，个人知识的系统高效管理己经成为知识经济发展的必需。

本文探讨了个人知识管理的基本概念和上要内容，着重介绍如何利用先进的信息技术工具辅助个人知识管理，最终实现个人知识管理系统的构架。

【关键词】知识管理，个人知识管理，个人知识管理系统The information age of personal knowledge management agentIn the rapid progress in technology of the information era, personal knowledge system of effective management has become necessary in the development of knowledge economy. This paper discusses the basic concept of personal knowledge management and the main content」ocus on how to utilize the advanced info rmation tech no logy tools to support personal knowledge management, finally realizes the personal knowledge management system framework.[key words ] Knowledge management, personal knowledge management, personal knowledge management system二、知识分享与教师专业发展知识分享是知识拥有者通过沟通的方式将知识传播给知识重建者的过程。

学校教师的知识分享成为教师专业发展的重要手段、过程与口的。

教育技术学专业英语复习资料• 学习结果(Learning Outcomes)分类理论 言语信息(Verbal Information)智慧技能(Intellectual Skills)辨别(Discriminations)具体概念(Concrete Concepts)定义性概念(Defined Concepts)规则(Rules)高级规则认知策略(Cognitive Strategies)动作技能(Motor Skills)态度(Attitudes)•引起注意（Gain attention）•告知目标（Inform learner of objectives）•提示回忆原有知识(Stimulate recall of prior learning)•呈现教材(Present stimulus material) •提供学习指导(Provide learner guidance) •引出作业(Elicit performance)•提供反馈(Provide feedback)•评估作业(Assess performance)•促进保持与迁移(Enhance retention transfer)•Educational technology is the study and ethical practice of facilitating learning and improving performance by creating, using, and managingappropriate technological processes and resources.(Molenda and Robinson , 2004)教育技术是指通过创建、运用和管理适当的技术过程和资源来促进学习和提升绩效的研究和符合职业道德规范实践。

Nine events of instruction九段教学法:1.Gaining attention: a stimulus change toalert the learner and focus attention on desired features.–引起注意：改变刺激，将学习者注意力集中在所期望的特征上。

缩写：CAI：computer—assisted instruction 计算机辅助教学ISD：instructional systems design 教学系统设计ICT：Information （and) Communication Technology 信息与通信技术EPSS：electronic performance support systems 电子绩效支持系统SME：Subject Matter Expert 学科内容专家LMS：Learning Management Systems 学习管理系统IV：independent variable自变量DV：dependent variable 因变量第一节 20世纪20年代之前支持教育技术学的一个基本原理是基于经验主义原则，这些原则能产生明显有效的教学。

同时许多贡献都能够被列举出来作为重要的流行的教育观念，美国哥伦比亚大学的行为主义心理学家桑代克对教育技术学这一领域可能是最具权威和特别重要的。

做为较早的致力于人类学习研究，特别是为教育技术学建立科学知识体系，桑代克是重要的。

另一个支持教育技术学的观念是进步主义理论。

这个理论是建立在教育哲学的基础之上的并且与这一领域最具相关的。

进步主义认为经验是理解的关键同时“个人拥有的最重要的力量是他可以共享的经验才能，这些经验解决了由先天智力手段引起的无数问题”。

这应该是教育技术学领域所遵循的模式。

在早期，听觉教学和视听教学被看做是传统教学方法过度言语主义的解决方法。

应用在教育中的支持经验主义的新媒体为概念思维提供了有形的基础，使得学习更加持久，促进了思维的连续性，促进了学习的意义，效率，深度和广度的发展。

第二节 20世纪20年代到20世纪40年代视听运动的发起可以追溯到20世纪早期学校和博物馆开始使用视觉符号比如图画，印刷品，幻灯片，电影和模型来支持口语教学。

随着成为正式课程视觉教学运动中在1918年到1928年间得到了巨大的成长，视觉教育领域的专业组织和期刊，研究报告，还有管理单位也逐步形成。

华中师范大学网络教育学院《教育技术学专业英语》练习测试题库及答案一、Fill in the blanks1. First-generation computers' main parts are ____________.2. Second-generation computers' main parts are ____________.3. Third-generation computers' main parts are ____________.4. Fourth-generation computers' main parts are ____________.5.____ is the integration of text, audio sound, static graphic images, animations, and full-motion video.6. ____ is the basis for word processing programs.7. Audio sound is available in several formats, such as ____, ____, ____.8.____ is another buzzword going through the industry.9.____,____,____,____ are four basic processes of CAD.10.In most practical applications,____ would be incorporated in a much large specific applications system.11. In a manufacturing industry, discrete islands of implementation fall into five c1asses: ____,____,____,____,____.12. The integration effort should include both ____and____.13.As early as l980, the CASA/SME published a presentation of ____ in order to provide a common set of terms for its members.14. An adage ____is certainly as valid today as it was l00 years ago.15. Computer graphics is concerned with all aspects of ____.16. An idea of the complete picture includes____.17. ____show us state--of--the--art hardware and software.18. In raster graphics, the picture elements are ____.19. A special memory area in Which the pixels are stored is called ____.20. A ____ is simply any collection of objects.21. An assertion such as 1+1=3 which is either true or false, but not both, is ca11ed a ____22. The truth values of compound propositions can be described by____. The ____of the compound proposition p(p1,..,pn) 1ists all Possible combinations of truth va1ues for pl... pn, T denoting true and F denoting false, and for each such combinations lists the truth va1ue of p(p1,..,pn).23. In ____, complete simP1e sentences, such as "John is at home", are taken as unbroken units, and are not analyzed into their component parts.24. In ____,our logical analysis goes deeper, into the interna1structure of the simple sentences and instead of singe letters to represent complete sentences, we have various symbo1s to represent the various parts of a sentence.25. It has n vertices and precise1y one edge between each Pair of distinct vertices. It is cal1ed____.26. Graphs that contain a circuit that includes every edge exactly once. It is called____.27. ____ graph is one that contains a circuit that visits each vertex exact1y once.28. Computational image processing can be defines as the operation of ____ on numeric representations of pictorial scenes.29. Image are formed either by ____or____30. The two fundamental characteristics of image are their ____resolution and their ____resolution.31. Lossless compression means that you can achieve a certain ____and be able to exactly reproduce the original image.32 .A fast computer implementation of the Discrete Cosine Transform is known as a ____.33. Artificial systems need many features of brain such as____, ____, ____, ____ and____.34 .Neural computation is also known as ____ ____ ____ ____ and____.35 .The fundamental theory of a neuron is ____ and is as ____.36.The brain is composed of about ____ neurons and as a ____of about 1011 processors37. Robust of a neuron system means ____.38 .The typical cycle time of neurons is a few ____ and the cycle time of semiconductor gates is ____.39 .The main problem of making neural network chips is ____.40 .A new technology which will potentially alternate the IC chips is ____.41 .We can "teach" the neura1 network to perform the desired computation in two main ways: ____ and ____.42 .The excitement of neural networks is their ability to ____.43 .Select the perfect font ___________with the new drop-down___________ font menu,which gives you a preview of font styles before you choose them.44 .Word automatically________________ what language a user is typing and applies the correct Proofing tools, including ________,_______ and________.45.As part of office 2000, Microsoft Word allows you to easily ____________ information through ______,______, and _____, using tools you're already familiar with.46.Just click to open _______am in Word and send your document as anE-mail message that retains ______ formatting.47. Use _________ to add documents, ________ through existing comments, view orhide the discussion window, or subscribe to a document. 48. The Microsoft Outlook 2000 messaging and collaboration client helps you____________ and______________ and_______________ across your enterprise.49. And in today's workplace, ______________means increased productivity.50. Whether scheduling meetings, __________ and ___________, or____________ clientcontacts, Outlook 2000 gives you all___________ you need to collaborate more efficiently.51. Microsoft Outlook 2000 helps you organize all your__________ in _________, soyou can always find the information you want, when you want it.52. The "Find and organize Tools" help you _____________ fast, easy searches for E-mail messages,_____________, and tasks, and _____________ organizing your inbox efficiently.53. Direct disk writes are disabled onlywhen_____________________________.54. Boot sector viruses infect at a________________ level________________ any operating system has been loaded.55. The Windows-specific viruses are direct-action viruses; namely, they___________, but rely on infecting other programs when the infected program is executed.56. As a result, these viruses have had limited success in__________, which reside in memory and _____________ functions performed by___________ and have always bcen __________________.57. Macro viruses pose the greatest threat to___________.58. I don't mind________ at the grocery store or getting panicky calls for help, the hours are________ and the pay is_________.59. And troubleshooting nascent networks requires you to know__________ and running_________.60. I chose the Mac because______________.61. Today, expansion _________ can give you a music synthesizer,a fax machine, a CD-ROM drive, ect.62. The control unit fetches _________ from memory and decodes them.63. When power is removed, information in the semiconductor memory is ________ .64. Please find the item that is not belong to the DBA _________ .65. A database _________ is designed to manage large bodies of information.66. A characteristic of operating system is resource _________ .67. Assembly-language instructions are a series of abstract _________ .68. _______ program also has potential benefits in parallel processing.69. An advantage of a ring network is that it needs less _________ .70. An ISP supplies a service _________ that you can dial from your computer to log on the internet server.71. To open Internet Explorer, just click Start, point to _________ , and then click Internet Explorer.72. Electronic bulletin boards are _________ communication platforms.二、TRUE/FALSE1. Special purpose computers can adapted to many situation by giving them an appropriate program.2. A minicomputer is the smallest and least expensive type ofcomputer.3. A digital computer has worked the value of pi(π) out to 500,000 decimal place.4. A special purpose computer performs only one specific task and thus lacks versatility.5. The larger the system the greater is its processing speed, storage capacity.6. Mainframe computers are designed to process complex scientific application7. A computer's operational software defines the schedule of jobs awaiting execution.8. Though an operating system can schedule the execution of jobs, it does not manage the availability of I/O devices.9. The IOCS component of an operating system controls I/O operations.10. It is a major problem for the operating system to map the logical file concept onto physical storage devices such as magnetic tape or disk.11. Files can only be direct access on a disk system.12. The logic structure and nomenclature of the different operating systems vary considerably.13 .Flowcharting is used primarily for program design andrarely for systems design.14. When programming in a procedure--oriented language, you tell the computer "what to do" and "how to do it".15. --Assembler--level languages use memonics to represent instructions.16. The purpose of office automation is to reduce the human intervention and raise the work efficiency.17. The key to attaining office automation ties in being equipped with a wide variety of advanced hardware and software.18. Desktop publishing is a electronic technology that handles the sending and receiving of messages.19. Electronic mailbox is used to store and distribute messages.20.Multimedia is a product.21. Multimedia aims at making computers easier to use.22.Only a few corporations are turning to multimedia applications to train their employees.23. Magnetic tape can be used to store large amounts of data where random-access is not required.24. CD-ROM is Rewritable.25. In this coming decade we will send and receive more information not just on the telephone.26. Using the general television, people can hold a business meeting without leaving their living room.27.From the user’s point of view ISDN will be a complex worldwide network.28. “Smart building” contains a network for voice, data, environment control and closed-circuit TV.29.In developing countries fiber is rapidly replacing microwave and coaxial cable transmission paths.30. End—to—end digitization is the hardware base and the first step in the process toward re1alizing an ISDN.31. Goals of ISDN will be realized by the availability of well—specified and functional user-network interface characteristics and the network transport function that best meets the end user’s needs.32. ISDN does not include that element that provides one kind of service.33.Special purpose ISDN can provide single service.34.Workstations in ISDN used for CAD, graphics arts and desktop publishing will become communicating terminals.35.Bank robberies in developed countries commonly crop up for these years.36.Some computing professionals and managers have recognizedthe value of the resources they use or control.37.Judges do not recognize electromagnetic signals as the statute property.38.The multiplicity of intruding a computing system makes computer security difficult.39.Control is a protective way for reducing a vulnerability.40.Wiretapping to obtain data in a network is an interruptive action.41.Coding in computer security makes data be unintelligible to the outside observer.42.Encryption can solve all computer security.43.Software controls directly influence the way users interact with a computing system..44.Principle of Effectiveness points out that control must be effective, efficient, appropriate and easy to use.45.The possible symbols in the binary numbering system are 0 to 9.46.The decimal value of 16 is represented in 4 bit BCD as 0001010l.47.Alphanumeric versions of BCD commonly use 6, 7, or 8 bits to represent characters.48.A 6 bit alphanumeric code can represent 128 differentcharacters.49. There are four 8 bit codes in current use.50.Each 8 bit unit used to code data is called a byte.51.performance management statistics would most likely be used by computer operators.52.performance management software monitors the use of files, file and I/O devices and utility software.53.Thinking about a new computer system is an opportunity to reexamine a business and the manner in which it is operated.54.The analysts make a requirement list of a application in a difficult way.55.Documentation provides a programmer with reference guide and provides a user with a using tool.56.A successful test is to exhibit the absence of errors in the programs being tested.57.Machine testing is designed to detect the maximum number of errors.58.Logical structuring techniques used by DBMSs are limited to list, hierarchical, and relational approaches.59 .Each element or branch in a hierarchical DBM structure may have several owners, and may, in turn, own any number or other data units.60.A pointer is a data item in one record that identifies the storage location of another logically related record.61.A register is a storage location inside the processor.62.A system board is a heart of a computer.63.The Memory addresses are expressed as binary numbers.64.Metadata means data about data.65.Without an operating system, we could not execute a user program.66.A high-level language can be designed to only process scientific calculation.67.For information about using Internet Explorer, click the Help menu in Internet Explorer.68.The development of videodisc is useful for distance education.69.There are three general types of compression.70.Multimedia is not only a product, but also a technology.71. Hypermedia is the same as multimedia.72. We can use E-mail only as a one-to-one platform.三、Multiple Choice:1. A characteristic of operating system is:(A)resource management (B)error recovery.(C)memory management (D)all the above.2. Which is the generalization of a two-level directory?(A) a cyclic graph directory structure (B)a tree-structured(C) a general graph structure (D)all the above.3. Which system may have no time constraints?(A) real-time system (B)time-share system(C)batch system (D)all the above4. The more popular micro operating system is:(A) MS-DOS (B) CP/M(C)UNIX (D)all the above5. How any basic approaches are used for designing a microprocessor architecture?(A) one (B) two (C)three (D) four6. W-hat approach a RISC design methodology is?(A) bottom-up (B) top--down (C)middle--approach (D) parallel--approach7. Which software technique significantly reduce the design time and potential errors?(A) CA-M (B) CAD (C) CAI (D) CAQ8. What will the compiler system match in creating a high--speed computer?(A) the language (B) the software(C)the program (D) the hardware9. A centralized database system is well suitab1e for(A) inultinationa1 corporation's employees.(B) local improvisation and free wheeling.(C) top-down control.(D) managers in different locations.10. Which device can perform para11el-to-serial and serial--to-parallel conversions?(A)DTE(B) UART(C) USART(D)all the above11. Data communication facility may be(A) PSDN(B) user application(C) DNA(D)OSI12.________ I stayed in the AAA Company only a short time, butI learned a lot.(A) Though(B) Although(C) As(D) 不填13._______, he lived a very simple life.(A) As Einstein was a great scientist(B) As great scientist Einstein was(C) Great scientist was as Einstein(D) Great scientist as Einstein was14. If this printer doesn't work, bring it back____________ we'll give you your money back.(A) because(B) but(C) and(D) since15. _______ you understand this rule, you'll have no further difficulty.(A) Once(B) Though(C) Until(D) Unless16. They were about to start,________ a strong wind came up and it began to rain.(A) as(B) when(C) while17. Do you think _______ necessary ________ computer?(A) this, learn(B) it, learn(C) this, to learn(D) it, to learn18. You'd better_____________ your books here.(A) don't put(B) to put(C) not put(D) putting19. I think it ___________ this type of disk.(A) better buying(B) better I buy(C) better my buying(D) better to buy20. Would you have him__________ to my office, please?(A) coming(B) come(C) comes(D) to come21. I didn't hear the phone last night. I_______________ asleep.(B) must have been(C) should be(D) should have been.22. This is the first time that I hear the song___________ in Eng1ish.(A) singing(B) sung(C) sing(D) to sing23.__________ from space, our earth, with water_________ 70% of its surface, looks like a"blue blanket".(A) Seeing, covering(B) Seen, covered(C) Seeing, covered(D) Seen, covering24. The film was so_______ that it_________ all of us.(A) excited, exciting(B) exciting, excited(C) exciting, exciting(D) excited, excited25. If you have him _______the parts, he'll have the machine ________ all day long.(A) makes, run(B) made, run(C) make, running(D) making, running26. This is the building_______ last year.(A) being built(B) built(C) had been built(D) having been built27. He ran_______ the house.(A) in to (B) into (C) in (D) on28. The government building is_________ the other side________ the street.(A) at, of (B)on, in (C) at, in (D)on, of29. Do you have any objections_________ this design?(A) of (B)for (C) to (D) with30. They are looking forward __________ his coming.(A) to (B) in (C) of (D) on31. He earns extra money ____________ doing some translation work.(A) without (B)by (C) to (D) about32. The teacher gave _____________each a book for what they had done.(A) their (B) they (C) them (D) theirs33. The students ______________ to the laboratory.(A) all have gone (B) all have went(C) have gone all (D) have all gone34. Who do you think __________ fit for this Work.(A) is (B) 不填(空) (C) it is (D) are35. The professor gave some advice to ______________ on how to learn English well.(A) we students (B) us students (C) students us (D) ours students36. The two men _________________ honored by the state.(A) were all (B) each were(C) were each (D) were both37. It was in this very place I bought the laser printer.(A) where(B) when(C) in which(D) that38. Was it the manager who walked by?(A) It must be that(B) It must have been(C) He must be it(D) Must have been it39. _______________only after he grew up that he realized his mistake.(A) It was(B) It is(C) Not(D) There were40. "______________ a seat." he told me.(A) Do you want(B) Have you had(C) Do have(D) You are taking41. It's usually the manager, and not the members of the company,____________ in charge ofthe company.(A) who is(B) who are(C) which are(D) which is42. A computer virus plagues other computers by _______________.(A) misguiding the header information at the beginning of the file(B) preying on other computer files(C) attaching its infected code to the end of a host program(D) all of the above43. Which of the following about a computer virus is not true?(A) It is a piece of software whose purpose it is to replicate.(B) It is a program that gains control over its host in various ways.(C) It all contains code that won't be activated without a trigger mechanism.(D) It sometimes attaches to a file.44. Which kind of virus may probably load and gain control upon system for the first?(A) Executable File Infectors.(B) Boot Sector Infectors.(C) Partition Table Infectors.(D) Memory Resident Infectors.45. According to the author, people write viruses because ________________.(A) they think it fun to do so(B) their legitimate software is used without their permission(C) they are encouraged and paid by a special organization(D) they think it an efficient way to prove that they are good at programming46. The virus is transmitted most commonly through ______________.(A) programs sent by modem(B) shrink wapped retail software(C) piracy of software(D) the use of floppy disks47. High-capacity data transport facilities mainly refer to_______________.(A) Superhighways (B) telephones(C) television sets (D) computer networks48. Which of the following does the Internet mainly consist of?(A) The public Internet and enterprise Internets.(B) The e-mail system and newsgroups.(C) The World Wide Web and Usenet.(D) Bitnet and Fidonets.49. What does the Internet support?(A) Information sharing.(B) Network innovations.(C) Rapid business transactions.(D) All of the above.50. How many-countries had joined the internet by the year 1995?(A) 160(B) l80(C) 200(D) All the countries in the world.51. How many ways are there to connect to the public Internet?(A) 2 (B) 3(C) 4 (D) 552. The main idea of the first two paragraphs is that _____________.(A) Bill Clinton benefits a lot from the Internet(B) the WWW develops rapidly during the Clinton's administration(C) the Internet has a great effect(D) many new words come into being with each passing day53. What is true in the third paragraph about the Internet?(A) It is painful (B) It is changeable.(C) It is wonderful (D) It is a melting Pot.54. The real purpose of the Superhighway was _______________.(A) to make the U.S. telecommunications infrastructure modern(B) to make money for the U.S government(C) to provide information service for everyone at home(D) to compete with the WWW55. The word "mainstream" in the last paragraph of The InformationSuperhighway can be best replaced by ____________.(A) big river (B) dominant trend(C) investment (D) business56. What is the word "Intranet"?(A) It is a browser. (B) It is another kind of internet.(C) It is an external Web. (D) It is a Personal Web.57. When you are on the Information Highway, which of the following is not necessary for you to learn?(A) How Web pages are put together.(B) How to write software.(C) How to surf the Internet.(D) How to drive cars.58. Which of the following is not true?(A) Navigating the Superhighway without the right knowledge and tools is a waste of time.(B) There are not many ways so far to use the Internet to retrieve information.(C) Java is a useful program.(D) There are various levels of knowledge about cars.59. What was the original idea of computer networking?(A) Packet switching.(B) Information sender and recipient.(C) Data transmission.(D) Circuit switching method.60. We can safely guess the ARPANET ____________.(A) is a network(B) helps researchers share supercomputing power(C) is used for military purpose(D) all of the above61. Who invented Email?(A) Bolt. ( B) Newman.(C) Rap Tomlinson. ( D) The text doesn't tell.62. What is true about the Internet According to the text?(A) People now have realize that the Internet will dominate our society completely.(B) The Internet increases by 50% every year.(C) The Internet will combine all the traditional media such as books, televisions and push them further.(D) The internet prevents individuals from developing newskills,63. In the 4th paragraph, the phrase 'be lost' means '_____________'.(A) be Internet-dependent( B) be denied interactive medium(C) be TV-controlled (D) be deprived of opportunities64. The author believes _________.(A) access to the Internet will be as it is today(B) people will spend a lot of time on the Internet(C) the present generation spent most of their free time in front of the TV(D) shopping over the Internet will occur but now we can' t imagine what it will be like65. From the text we know that________________.(A) the telephone was not network-oriented device from the beginning(B) the television was not network-oriented device from the beginning(C) the radio was a sound-based one-to-one device initially(D) the PC was a stand-alone device initially66. By giving the example that radios have not disappeared, the author may mean _____________.(A) new applications of the old device will be possible(B) multifunctional devices will not be possible(C) some people prefer radios to TV sets(D) multifunctional devices are not as popular as single-functional devices67. Which of the following is true?(A) The 18th century was the age of steam engine.(B) The 19th century was the time of the great mechanical system.(C) The 20th century was marked by installation of telephone net-works and the invention of television.(D) None of the above.68. We can infer _________________.(A) automobile industry is young compared to air transportation industry(B) computer industry has made more progress than we could ever imagine in the past 20 years(C) the greatest changes took place in computer manufacture in the last 10 years.(D) The idea of combining computers with communications has a great effort on people's thinking.69. The key difference between a distributed system and a computer network is that in the former _________________. (A) the system functions are more automatic(B) the number of computers is greater(C) the distance among the computers is shorter(D) the operating system has a better feature70. Which of the following is false regarding a network and a distributed system?(A) They both need to move files around.(B) They have little in common.(C) They overlap each other a lot.(D) They have different operating systems.71. According to the text, companies set up their own networks for ___________ purposes.(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) more than 672. Computer office systems consist of _______________.(A) computers and typewriters(B) typewriters and computers(C) typewriters and their peripheral equipment(D) computers and their peripheral equipment73. Computer office systems can deal with _____________ in a business environment.(A) personnel in all companies(B) information which can be electronically produced, duplicated, and transmitted(C) staff engaged in business(D) security issues74. What promoted the development of computer office systems?(A) The service sector of the United States economy.(B) The manufacture of bookkeeping and billing machines.(C) Heavy volume data processing requirements.(D) Typewriters, calculators, and manual accounting techniques.75. The purposes for several users to share a mainframe are ____________.(A) to divide the cost of the equipment among them(B) to utilize the equipment to the maximum extent(C) to produce fewer PCs(D) both A and B76. What has come to play an important role in most offices recently?(A) Mainframes.(B) Networks.(C) Microcomputers.(D) Communications satellites.77. From the text, we know that the Windows NT operating system ____________.(A) began before Windows 3.X system existed(B) was more robust(C) worked in reliable business environment(D) was the most advanced operating system of all78. The purpose of this passage is to_________.(A) make a comparison (B) introduce a new design(C) explain a new computer (D) advance a new idea79. Which of the following about Windows 2000 Operating System is false?(A) It is the latest version.(B) It is named 5.0.(C) It is based on a different OS design.(D) It is as simple as any other OP.80. From the text we know that__________________.(A) Win 2000 retains few features of the NT 4.0(B) Win 2000 differs a lot from the NT 4.0(C) Win 2000 is the same as the Windows version NT 5.0(D) NT 4.0 and Windows 2000 have almost the same characteristics81. Most system boards have two kinds of power connectors: _________ .A. AT and ISA stylesB. ATX and ISA stylesC. AT and EISA styles。

教育技术学专业英语：7月6日考试：下午 14：00——16：00 前60在552，其余在529第一章： P9 1.NEM WORDS :encompass（动词）包围，环绕，包含或包括某事物 paradigm （名词）范例2.PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONSabstract from 提炼出，摘录，抽象出 concern with 使关心，涉及，与……有关conflict with 与……有冲突，与……相抵触 departure from 相对于……的偏离，违背differ from 不同于，与……有区别 in light of 根据，按照3.Professional Vocabularyartificial intelligence 人工智能 audiovisual communication 视听传播design 设计 development 开发 evaluation 评价 management 管理Electronic Performance Support System（EPSS）电子绩效支持系统instructional technology 教学技术 intelligent agent 智能代理 objectives 目标media—oriented 面向媒体performance 绩效systematic 系统化utilization 利用 performance technology 绩效技术 virtual reality 虚拟现实process—oriented 面向过程 situated cognition 情景认知第二章： P18 1.NEM WORDS :antidote （名词）解毒剂，矫正方法 diagram （名词）图表 matrix（名词）矩阵compliment 名词：称赞，恭维，致意，问候，道贺动词：称赞，褒扬，恭维lobby 名词：大厅，休息室，游说议员者不及物动词：游说议员，经常出入休息室及物动词：对（议员）进行疏通myriad 名词：无数，无数的人或物，一万形容词：无数的，一万的，种种的revise 修订，校订，修正，修改 trace back to 追溯到salient 形容词：易见的，显著的，突出的，跳跃的名词：凸角，突出部分2.Professinal Vocabularybehavioral objectives movement 行为目标运动 communications 传播，传播学cognitive psychology 认知心理学 cone of experience 经验之塔Electronic Performance Support Systems（EPSS）电子绩效支持系统general system 一般系统论 programmed instruction 程序教学instructional systems design（ISD）教学系统设计knowledge management systems 知识管理系统 progressivism 进步主义learner-centered learning environment 学习者为中心的学习环境reinforcement 强化 Subject Matter Expert（SME）学科内容专家task analysis 任务分析 verbalism 言语主义第三章 P27 1.NEM WORDS :cohere 粘着，凝结，紧凑 contention 争夺，争论，争辩，论点eclectic 折中的，这种学派的；折中主义者，折中派的人 ideology 意识形态forge 稳步前进，铸造，伪造fragmentary 由碎片组成的，断断续续的pertinent 有关的，适当的inherently 本能地，自然地，本质上地pragmatic 实际的，实用主义的problematic 问题的，有疑问的rigidly 坚硬地，严格地 reluctant 不顾的，勉强的，难得到的，难处理的synthesize 综合，合成 sore 疼痛的，痛心的，剧烈的；痛的地方，痛处tacitly 肃静地，沉默地2.PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONSadhere to 粘附，粘着，坚持，追随，拥护 contribute to 有助于，为……出力in need of 需要 just in time 即时的qualify for 使合格，有……的资格，有资格充任3.Professinal Vocabularybehaviorism 行为主义cognitivism 认知主义constructivism 建构主义individualized instruction 个性化教学instructional development 教学开发objectivism 客观主义 research and development 研究与开发Learning Management System（LMS）学习管理系统 postmodernism 后现代主义第四章：P41 1.NEM WORDS :boldface 黑体字，粗体铅字 cardinal 主要的，最重要的 novice 新手，初学者contiguity 接触，接近，邻近 in contiguity withheed 名/动注意，留意 imagery 像，肖像，画像，雕像 impede 阻止，妨碍italic 斜体的，斜体字，斜体 manifest 显然的，明白的；表明，证明manifestation 显示，表现，示威运动 modify 更改，修正，修改multistage 多级的 multimedia 多媒体 multifunction 多功能perception 理解，感知，感觉 performance 执行，成绩，性能，绩效radical 激进的，激进分子 underpin 加强……的基础，巩固，支撑2.PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONSin essence 本质上，大体上，其实 make a contribute to 捐赠，做出贡献3.Professinal Vocabularyandragogy 成人教育学 automaticity 自动性，自律性 coding 译码，编码encoding 编码，译码 cognitive science 认知科学 diagram 图表discovery learning 发现学习 elaboration 细化 hypothesize 假设，假定，猜测information-processing theory 信息加工理论instructional strategy 教学策略metacognition 元认知 motivation 动机 orientation 定位，取向，倾向性multistore theory of memory 多重存储记忆理论 performance potential 绩效潜能problem solving 问题解决 reinforcement 增援，加强，加固，强化retrieval 重现，检索 schema 图式 sensory 感觉器官，感觉记录器；感觉的slide 使滑动；滑，滑动，幻灯片 stimuli 刺激，刺激源 taxonomy 分类法，分类学textual 原文的，文本的，教科书的 social learning theory 社会学习理论第五章: P53 1.NEM WORDS :assumption 假定，设想 critical 紧要的，关键性的 departure 启程，出发，离开designate 指明，指出，任命，指派 dimension 尺度，维数，度数 enumerate 列举feedback 反馈，反应 enthusiasm 热情，积极性，激发热情的事物fidelity 忠诚，保真度，重现精度 fruitful 多产的，富有成效的gesture 姿态，手势，表示inherent 固有的，内在的，与生俱来的intentionality 意向，意图，意向论 merit 优点，价值 normative 标准化的mediate 传播，通过起中介作用组成（某种结果） seductive 诱人的 lexicon 词典overwork 工作过度，使用过多，滥用 peripheral 外围的，外围设备precipitate 促进，加速……来临 predispose 预先安排，使偏向于receive 收到，接到，领受 simultaneously 同时地 trajectory 轨道，弹道，轨transmit 传输，传达，传导，传播 transpire 发生，得知；蒸发，发散，泄漏2.PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONSengage in 使从事于，参加 intertwine…with…使…与…纠缠level of observation 观察的水平3.Professinal Vocabularychannel 信道，频道，通道 interaction 交互，交互作用conceptual differentiation 概念上的区别 core communication theory 核心传播理论group communication 群体传播 interactional dynamics 互动动态institutional and societal dynamics 机构和社会的动态 message 消息，通讯，讯息interpersonal communication 人际传播 receiver 接收者，接收器，收信机interpretation and the generation of meaning 意义的诠释与产生mass communication 大众传播 signal 信号 transmitter 传送者，传达人第六章： P63 1.NEM WORDS :affective 情感的，表达感情的cognitive 认知的，认识的，有感知的continuity 连续性，连贯性 detrimental 有害的 digestible 可消化的crank 脾气暴躁的，易怒的；曲柄，脾气坏的人，思想奇怪的人elicit 得出，引出，抽出，引起 hierarchical 分等级的 psychomotor 精神运动的enterprise 企业，事业，计划，事业心，进取心，干事业 progressively 日益增多地isolation 隔绝，孤立，隔离，绝缘，离析 interaction 交互作用，交感obscurity 阴暗，朦胧，偏僻，含糊，隐匿，晦涩，身份低微 schema 计划，图式polarize （使）偏振，（使）极化，（使）两级分化 renowned 有名的，有声誉的reactionary 反作用的，反动的；反动分子 taxonomy 分类法，分类学systematically 系统地，有系统地2.PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONScognitive information processing theory 认知信息加工理论consist of 由……组成 relate to 与……有关的 take account of 考虑play an important role 在……中起重要作用3.Professinal Vocabularyattitude 态度 category of learning outcome 学习结果分类 frame 框架，结构cognitive information processing theory 认知信息加工理论constructivism learning theory 建构主义学习理论 educational objective 教育目标evaluate 评估，评价，测评 electronic support system 电子支持系统event of instruction 教学事件 expert instruction 专家教学hypermedia program 超媒体程序 intellectual skill 智慧技能individualized learning 个性化学习 learning condition 学习条件internal and external learning condition 学习的内/外部条件 motor skill 动作技能learning theorist 学习理论家 level of cognitive performance 认知行为水平measurement strategy 评价/测量策略 performance 绩效，行为表现programmed instructional 程序教学 progressive education 进步主义教育student centered typeⅡinstruction 以学生为主体的第二代教学teacher-centered group instruction以教师为主体的集体教学teacher-centered typeⅠinstruction 以教师为主体的第一代教学the programmed learning movement 程序教学运动 verbal information 言语信息第七章： P71 1.NEM WORDS :biology 生物学，生物 circular 圆形的，循环的 humanistic 人文主义的engineering 工程（学） economic 经济的，产供销的，经济学的 cybernetic 控制论的holistic 整体的，全盘的 illogical 不合逻辑的，缺乏逻辑的 sociology 社会学interface 分界面，接触面，界面 modulation 调制 physics 物理学management 经营，管理，处理，操纵，驾驶，手段philosophy 哲学，哲学体系，达观，冷静 psychotherapy 精神疗法，心里疗法reductionistic 减少的，变形的，缩减的，约简的2.PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONSa hierarchy of 作为一个层级的，一系列的 a sequence of 一连串的be viewed as 被视为是 to rank by different criteria 依照不同的标准评定3.Professinal Vocabularychaos theory 混沌理论 natural science 自然科学 system dynamics 系统动力学complexity and interdependence 复杂性和相互依赖性organizational theory 组织理论 systems thinking 系统思考第八章： P80 1.NEM WORDS :alphabet 字母表 commercial 商业的，贸易的；广告 vernacular 本国的，本地的feature-length 长篇的，达到整片应用的长度 vanish 消失，突然不见，成为零interface 分界面，接触面，界面；使连接，使协调；连接 storehouse 仓库link 链环，连接物，火把，链接；连接，联合，挽（手臂）prejudice 名词;偏见，成见，损害，侵害动词：损害synchronize 同步，同时发生，同时存在，共同行动2.PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONSa sort of 一种 any more 在，还 burst upon 突然来到 crop up 突然出现draw from 使…说出（真相等） have an impact on 对…有影响，对…起作用，产生效果in pairs 成双地，成对地 live through 度过，经受过 make clear 解释pass on 去世，传递 on the heel of 跟随的，径直跟在后面的，紧随其后的play a role in 在…中起作用 separate from 分离，分开3.Professinal VocabularyBluetooth wireless technology 蓝牙无线技术 MP3 一种音频压缩格式cable television systems 有线电视系统 Compact Disk 光盘 MTV音乐电视DVD（digital video disk）数字化视频光盘 WWW（World Wide Web）万维网Fiber-optics transmission 光纤传输 microprocessor 微处理器Satellite broadcast 卫星广播 VCR （Video Cassette Recorder）录像机第九章： P90 1.NEM WORDS :approximately 近似地，大约 bladder 膀胱，气泡，球胆 coin 名词：硬币动词：铸造cognition 认识，认知，被认识的事物 cordless 不用电线的 extensively 广阔地distribute 分发，分配，散布，分布，分类，分区 flexibly 易曲地，柔软地implementation 执行 megabyte 兆字节 manipulate （熟练地）操作，使用（机器等）integrate 使成整体，使一体化，求…的积分；结合 operational 操作的，运作的mimic 模仿的，假装的，拟态的；名词：效颦者，模仿者，小丑，仿制品；动词：模仿，模拟 practitioner 从业者，开业者 transcend 超越，胜过orientation 方向，方位，定位，倾向性，向东方perspective 透视画法，透视图，远景，前途，观点，看法，观点，观察 portray 画，为…画像描绘；描写扮演，饰演sensory 感觉的，与感觉有关的，感觉器官的 simulate 模拟，模仿，假装，冒充transfer 名/动: 迁移，移动，传递，转移，调任，转账，过户，转让，转学，换车2.PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONSassociated with 联合 be capable of 能够 be combined in 化合成be compatible with 适合，一致 be known as 被认为是 be used to 过去习惯于in detail 详细地 point out 指出 refer to 指的是，谈到，涉及3.Professinal Vocabularyadvanced wireless device 高级无线设备Artificial Intelligence 人工智能artificial reality 人工现实 computer simulation 计算机仿真Archie : Internet 上一种用来查找其标题满足特定条件的所有文档的自动搜索服务工具Authorware 基于图标和流线的多媒体开发工具 data glove 数据手套AutoCAD 著名的三维辅助设计软件，由美国公司Autodesk公司出品AutoDesk 美国电脑软件公司，生产计算机辅助设计软件 joystick 操纵杆Compact Disk Read-Only Memory（CD-ROM）光盘只读存储器 cyberspace 赛博空间Computer-Mediated Communication（CMC）计算机媒介沟通MP3 player ： MP3播放器Digital Video Recorders （DVRs）数字录像机 expert system 专家系统 fiber 光纤LCD 液晶显示屏 Gopher 基于菜单驱动的Internet 信息查询工具HyberCard 苹果公司的文档管理工具软件interactive television 互动电视Jini technology : Jini 技术 Internet Relay Chat 网络聊天软件 keyboard 键盘LISTSERVs 邮件列表 mobile phone 移动电话Multimedia Personal Computers（MPCs）个人多媒体计算机Multiple User Dialogue 多人对话，俗称“泥巴”Natural Language Processing 自然语言处理Network Information Retrieval （NIR）网络信息搜寻系统Neural Networks 神经系统的，神经中枢的 Robotics 机器人技术Peripheral Component Interconnect 互连外围设备Sense8 美国一家开发虚拟现实环境应用开发工具的公司Strong A.I. 强人工智能 Usenet 用户网 Weak A.I.弱人工智能Virtual Programming Languages Research（VPL）美国一家专做虚拟现实产品的公司virtual reality（VR）虚拟现实 World Wide Web 万维网Wide Area Information Server 广域信息服务器wireless personal area network 个人无线局域网第十章：P99 1.NEM WORDS :ambiguous 暧昧的，不明确的 amorphous无定形的，无组织的 cynical 愤世嫉俗的analogy 名词：类似，类推 arcane 神秘的，不可思议的 prophetic 预言的cryptic 秘密的，含义模糊的，神秘的，隐藏的 prominence 突出，显著，突出物dismiss 解散，下课，开除，解职，使离开 egalitarian 平等主义的；平等主义instant 立即的，直接的，紧迫的，刻不容缓的，速溶的，方便的，即刻的mundane 世界的，世俗的，平凡的 quote 引用，引证，提供，提出，报价ramification 分枝，分叉，衍生物，支流 schism 分裂，教派 stimulate 刺激，激励symbol 符号，记号，象征 vista 狭长的景色，街景，展望，思想2.PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONSaccess to 有权使用 adjust to 适应，调节 call for 要求，提倡，为…叫喊extract from 摘取 prior to 优先于 toss out 丢弃，扔掉from one’s perspective 从某人的观点来看 succumb to 屈服于3.Professinal Vocabularyattribute of media 媒体特性 mainframe 主机，大型机 videodisk 视盘correspondence course 函授课程 no significant difference 无显著差异the great media debate 媒体大争论第十一章：P111 1.NEM WORDS :acquired 已得到的，已获得的 activation 活化，激活 adequacy 适当，足够approach 方法，步骤，途径 appealing 吸引人的，引起兴趣的，恳求的appeal 名词：请求，呼吁，上诉，吸引力，要求动词：呼吁，恳求（常与to连用）吸引，引起兴趣appropriate 适当的 basis 基础，根据 client 顾客，客户，委托人characteristic 特征，性能，特色，特性，特点 implement实施，执行concern 动词：涉及，关系到名词：（厉害）关系，关心，关注illustrate 举例说明，图解，加插图于，阐明 consistency 一致性，连贯性contrived 人为的，做作的，不自然的 demonstration 示范，实证，证明，证实distinct 清楚的，明显的，截然不同的，独特的 direct 指引，指点，指导，管理empirical 以经验为根据的，经验主义的 engage 从事，着手，忙于（in）execute 执行，实行，完成 core 果核，中心，核心 focal 焦点的，在焦点上的glimmer 微弱的闪光，一丝光线，微小的信号initial 开始的，最初的complexity 复杂，错综复杂，复合状态involve 包括，包含，涉及indicate 指示，指出，暗示，表明，简要地说明 term 名词，术语integration 成为整体，集成，综合，整合，一体化interdependent 相互依赖的interpret 解释，说明，翻译，口译iterative 重复的，反复的 learner-centered 以学习者为中心maintenance 维持，维护 monitor 动词：监测，监控prescription 指示，规定，命令，处方，药方prior 预先的，在前的，更重要的，优先的 procedure 程序，步骤，手续rational 理性的，合理的，推理的 reclaim 回收，再生，利用rehearse 排练，排演，预演，背诵，演习，练习reliability 可靠性 reliable 可靠的，可信赖的 scope 范围，机会，余地specification 具体要求，规范，规格，具体说明specify 规定，指定，确定；详细说明，具体说明thoroughness 完全，十分 tryout 试验，试用，尝试，预赛，预演stable 平稳的，稳定的，坚固的 valid 有效的，有根据的，正当的，正确的2.PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONSbe concerned with 牵涉到，与…有关 refer to 把…称为，把…认为be involved in 包含在…，与…有关，被卷入，专心地write up 详细写下来，详细描述3.Professinal Vocabularyanalysis 分析 analysis of learning goals 学习目标分析 definition 定义analysis of learning needs 学习需求分析anchor point 锚点，定位点assumption 假定，假设 application 使用，运用，适用，应用 encode 编码assessment 评估，评价，评定，判定，鉴定，估计 evaluate 估价，评价context 上下文，环境，背景，静脉 delivery system 传递系统develop 发展，详述，开发 discipline 纪律，学科训练 feedback 反馈evaluation instrument 评价工具 goal-oriented 目标导向的human resource 人力资源 instruction situation 教学情景instructional activity 教学活动 instructional design 教学设计instructional development 教学开发instructional material 教学材料instructional model 教学模式instructional science 教学科学instructional strategy 教学策略instructional system design 教学系统设计instructional theory 教学理论learning activity 学习活动learning environment 学习环境 learning experience 学习体验，学习经验learning strategy 学习策略 learning theory 学习理论linear 线的，直线的，线性的 macro-level 宏观水平 micro-level 微观水平setting 环境，背景 organizational behavior 组织行为performance support 绩效支持 prior experience 先前经验problem identification 问题确定 problem-based 基于问题的specialized 专用的，专门的，专业的 specialized skill 专业技能stated objective 既定的目标 systematic 系统的，规划的，有计划的systemic 系统的，体系的 team effort 团队工作 process 加工，处理，过程第十二章：P133 1.NEM WORDS :allocate 分派，分配 ambitious 有雄心的，野心勃勃的 depict 描述，描写commitment 委托事项，许诺，承担义务 cumbersome 讨厌的，麻烦的，笨重的distinguishing 有区别的 implicitly 含蓄地，暗中地 prototype 原型linear 线的，直线的，线性的 generic 属的，类的，一般的，普通的，非特殊的highlight 加亮，使显著，以强光照射，突出 phase 阶段，状态，相，相位overcharge 名词：超载，过重的负担，过度充电 reservation 保留，预定，预约simultaneous 同时的，同时发生的 shortchange 动词：（找钱时故意）少找零钱，欺骗sequential 连续的，相续的，有续的，有顺序的，结果的sophisticate 篡改，曲解，使变得世故，掺和，弄复杂 vacation 假期，休假substantial 坚固的，实质的，真实的，充实的2.PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONSback and forth 来来往往地，来回地 be short of 不足be benefit from 受益于… keep in mind 记住first and foremost 首先，首要的 move on 继续前进 speed up 加速3.Professinal Vocabularyevent of instruction 教学事件 formative evaluation 形成性评价front-end analysis 前端分析 summative evaluation 总结性评价systematic instructional development 系统化教学开发The First Generation Instructional Design （ID1）第一代教学设计The Second Generation Instructional Design（ID2）第二代教学设计第十三章：P125 1.NEM WORDS :automate 使自动化，自动操作 courseware 课件 crucial 至关紧要的denigrate 贬低，诋毁 domain 领土，领地，范围，领域 envision 动词：想像，预想mainframe 主机，大型机 plethora 名词：过剩，过多2.PHRASES AND EXPRESSIONSinsight into 洞察 play a role in 在…中起作用 Web-based 基于网络的3.Professinal VocabularyAID systems 教学设计自动化系统analysis phase 分析阶段Authoring Tools 著作工具 Automated Instructional Design（AID）自动化教学设计computer-based instruction 计算机辅助教学 delivery domain 传送领域electronic performance support systems （EPSS）电子绩效支持系统Information Management 信息管理 instructional delivery 教学传递instructional designers and developers 教学设计者与开发者intelligent agent 智能代理 interactive simulation 交互式仿真模拟knowledge management 知识管理knowledge management system 知识管理系统knowledge object 知识对象 planning phase 计划阶段Web-based course management system 基于网络的课程管理系统第十四章：P147 1.NEM WORDS :access 动词：接近，达到，进入名词：入口，同路 acquisition 获得，获得物articulate 发音清晰的，表达力强的，口齿清晰的 assuming 傲慢的，自负的bombard 炮轰，轰击 cohesive 有黏着力的，有附着力的，凝聚性的，内聚性的conscious 意识到的，有知觉的，处于清醒状态的，有意识的，有觉悟的conspicuous 显著的，显眼的，卓越的，出类拔萃的 disseminate 传播，散布contend 强调，硬说，主张，激烈争论，对付 empowerment 授权，准许entail 使必须，使蒙受，使承担，需要 infrastructure 基础，基础结构，基本设施execution 实行，实施；执行。