2013年5月二级笔译真题
1. 英译汉第一篇：
节选自The New York Times，原文标题为：Ancient Arab Shipwreck Yields Secrets of Ninth-Century Trade
原文地址：https://www.doczj.com/doc/4f7750353.html,/2011/03/08/arts/08iht-singshow08.html
For more than a decade, archaeologists and historians have been studying the contents of a ninth-century Arab dhow that was discovered in 1998 off Indonesia’s Belitung Island. The sea-cucumber divers who found the wreck had no idea it eventually would be considered one of the most important maritime discoveries of the late 20th century.
十几年来，考古学家和历史学家都在研究一艘阿拉伯独桅帆船的船骸。它是1998年在印尼的勿里洞岛岛发现的。当时发现船骸的潜水员们根本没有意识到它会成为20世纪末为重要的海洋发现之一。
The dhow was carrying a rich cargo — 60,000 ceramic pieces and an array of gold and silver works — and its discovery has confirmed how significant trade was along a maritime silk road between Tang Dynasty China and Abbasid Iraq. It also has revealed how China was mass-producing trade goods even then and customizing them to suit the tastes of clients in West Asia.
这艘独桅帆船当时运载着大宗的货物——有6万件瓷器和一大堆金器银器。这艘帆船的发现确立了中国唐朝和阿拉伯阿巴斯王朝之间通过海上丝绸之路进行的贸易有多么重要。同时也揭示了中国当时已经开始大批量生产贸易物资，并且对货物进行改制以满足西亚客户的需要。
“Shipwrecked: Tang Treasures and Monsoon Winds,” at the new, lotus-shaped ArtScience Museum designed by Moshe Safdie, presents items from the Belitung wreck. Curated by the Asian Civilisations Museum here and the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery in Washington, the show is expected to travel to museums around the world over the next five to six years.
在莫什·萨菲德设计的崭新的莲花状的艺术科学博物馆里，“沉船残骸：唐朝财宝与季风”展展示了来自勿里洞岛船骸中的物品。这场展览是由本地的亚洲文明博物馆和华盛顿的亚瑟·麦·萨克雷美术馆赞助的，预计将在未来的五到六年里在世界各地的博物馆里巡展。
“This exhibition tells us a story about an extraordinary moment in globalization,” said Julian Raby, director of the Smithsonian’s Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery. “It brings to life the tale of Sinbad sailing to China to make his fortune. It shows us that the world in the ninth century was not as fragmented as we assumed. There were two great export powers: the Tang in the east and the Abbasid based in Baghdad.”
“这一展览述说了一个在全球化进程中伟大时刻的故事”，史密森尼博物馆中的弗利尔美术馆与亚瑟· 麦· 萨克雷美术馆的馆长朱莉安·拉比这样说道。
“这次展览生动的讲述了辛巴达航行去中国，寻求财富的故事。向我们展示了十九世纪的世界并不像我们所想的那样支离破碎。当时就已经存在两个出口大国，即东方的唐朝与巴格达的阿巴斯王朝。”
Until the Belitung find, historians had thought that Tang China traded primarily through the land routes of Central Asia, mainly on the Silk Road. Ancient records told of Persian fleets sailing the Southeast Asian seas but no wrecks had been found, until the Belitung dhow. Its cargo confirmed that a huge volume of trade was taking place along a maritime route, said Heidi Tan, a curator at the Asian Civilisations Museum and a curator of the exhibition.
在勿里洞的发现之前，历史学家一直认为中国唐朝时期主要是沿着中亚内陆路线，尤其是丝绸之路进行贸易。古代记录显示，曾有波斯舰队航行到东南亚海域，但直到勿里洞岛三角帆船被发现时，才发现一些沉船残骸。船上的货物可以证实，通过海上丝绸之路，当时正有大宗的贸易往来进行着，亚洲文明博物馆馆长兼展览负责人海蒂·唐说道。
Mr. Raby said: “The size of the find gives us a sense of two things: a sense of China as a country already producing things on an industrialized scale and also a China that is no longer producing ceramics to bury.” He was referring to the production of burial pottery like camels and horses, which was banned in the late eighth century. “Instead, kilns looked for other markets and they started producing tableware and they built an export market.”
雷比称：“这次发现规模之大，让我们意识到了两件事：一是中国作为一个国家，当时已经开始工业化生产，而是中国当时已不再生产陪葬用的瓷器制品了。”他提到，在18世纪末期，是禁止生产诸如骆驼和马匹之类的陪葬陶器的。“相反，砖窑去寻找其它市场，它们开始生产餐具，并且建立了出口市场。”
For more than a decade, archaeologists and historians have been studying the contents of a ninth-century Arab dhow t hat was discovered in 1998 off Indonesia’s Belitung Island.
十多年来，考古学家和历史学家一直在精心研究1998年在印度尼西亚我勿里洞岛附近发现的一膄19世纪单桅三角帆船残骸。
The sea-cucumber divers who found the wreck had no idea it eventually would be considered one of the most important maritime discoveries of the late 20th century.
发现这些残骸的深海潜水员们根本不会想到这终将成为20世纪末最重要的海洋发现之一。
The dhow was carrying a rich cargo — 60,000 ceramic pieces and an array of gold and silver works —and its discovery has confirmed how significant trade was along a maritime silk road between Tang Dynasty China and Abbasid Iraq.
由发现的60,000块瓷器碎片与大量金银器可见，这膄三角帆船当时运载着沉重的货物。这一发现还证实了海上丝绸之路对古中国唐朝与伊拉克阿巴斯王朝之间的双边贸易往来发挥的重要作用。
It also has revealed how China was mass-producing trade goods even then and customizing them to suit the tastes of clients in West Asia.
同时也揭示了中国当时已经开始大批量生产贸易物资，并可订购满足西亚消费者需求的产品。
“Ship wrecked :Tang Treasures and Monsoon Winds,” at the new, lotus-shaped Art Science Museum designed by Moshe Safdie, presents items from the Belitung wreck.
勿里洞岛沉船残骸在莫什·萨菲德设计的莲花状新型科学艺术博物馆中展出，这一展览名为“唐代珍宝与季风产物：沉船残骸”。
Curated by the Asian Civilisations Museum here and the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery in Washington, the show is expected to travel to museums around the world over thenext five to six years.
由亚洲文明博物馆与华盛顿亚瑟·麦·萨克雷美术馆共同举办的展览将有望于在今后五到六年内环游世界，到他国进行展览。
“This exhibition tells us a story about an extraordinary moment in globalization,” said Julian Raby, director of the Smithsonian’s Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M.
“这一展览述说了一个在全球化进程中伟大时刻的故事”，史密森尼博物馆中的弗利尔美术馆与亚瑟· 麦· 萨克雷美术馆的馆长朱莉安·拉比这样说道。
Sackler Gallery.
“I t brings to life the tale of Sinbad sailing to China to make his fortune.
这一展览把我们带入了辛巴航行来到中国寻找财宝的生活中。
It shows us that the world in the ninth century was not as fragmented as we assumed.
也向我们证明了19世纪的世界并不如我们想象中的那样支离破碎。
There were two great export powers: th e Tang in the east and the Abbasid based in Baghdad.”
当时就已经存在两个出口大国，即东方的唐朝与巴格达的阿巴斯王朝。
Untilthe Belitung find, historians had thought that Tang China traded primarily through the land routes of Central Asia, mainly on the Silk Road.
直到勿里洞残骸被发现，历史学家们才知道古中国唐朝时期主要是通过陆路与中亚国家进行贸易往来，尤其是通过丝绸之路。
Ancient records told of Persian fleets sailing the Southeast Asian seas but no wrecks had been found, until the Belitung dhow.
古代记录表明，曾有波斯舰队航行到东南亚海域，但直到勿里洞岛三角帆船被发现时，才发现一些沉船残骸。
Its cargo confirmed that a huge volume of trade was taking place along a maritime route, said Heidi Tan, a curator at the Asian Civilisations Museum and a curator of the exhibition.
船上装载的货物可以证实，通过海上丝绸之路，当时正在进行大量的贸易往来，亚洲文明博物馆馆长兼展览负责人海蒂·唐说道。
Mr. Raby said:
拉比称：“
“The size of the find gives us a sense of t wo things: a sense ofChina as a country already producing things on an industrialized scale and also a China that is no longer producing ceramics to bury.”本次发现规模之大，向我们传递了两个信息：一是中国作为一个国家，当时已经开始进行工业化生产；二是中国不仅仅是只生产陪葬瓷器的国家。”
He was referring to the production of burial pottery like camels and horses, which was banned in the late eighth century.
他提到，在18世纪末期，是禁止生产诸如骆驼和马匹之类的陪葬陶器的。
“Instead, kilns looked for other markets and they started producing tableware and they built an export market.”
反之，窑炉出产的产品正在寻求销售市场，当时的人们已经开始生产餐具并且开始从事出口贸易。
2. 英译汉第二篇：
同样节选自The New York Times，原文标题为：E.U. Signals Big Shift on Genetically Modified Crops
原文地址：https://www.doczj.com/doc/4f7750353.html,/2010/05/10/business/energy-environment/10green.html
Madeira is more than 500 kilometers from the African coast and is officially one of the“outermost regions” of the European Union.
马德拉距离非洲海岸超过500公里，是欧盟正式承认的“最偏远的地区”之一。
Despite that far-flung status, Madeira catapulted into the center of the Union’s agricultural and environmental affairs last year when Portugal asked the European Commission for permission to impose an unprecedented ban on growing biotech crops there.
虽然位置偏远，在去年，马德拉却成了欧盟农业环境事务的焦点。当时葡萄牙向欧盟请求，允许其禁止在马德拉种植转基因作物，这是前所未有的。
Last week, the commission quietly let the deadline pass for opposing Portugal’s reque st, allowing Madeira, which is one of Portugal’s autonomous regions, to become the first E.U. territory to get formal permission from Brussels to remain entirely free of genetically modified organisms.
上周，欧盟委员会静悄悄的放过了反对葡萄牙提议的最后期限，使葡萄牙自治区之一马德拉得以完全保持在转基因作物之外，成为了第一个从欧盟总部所在地布鲁塞尔获得正式许可的欧盟地区。
Madeira now will probably go ahead and implement the ban, a spokeswoman for the Portuguese government said Friday.
上周五葡萄牙政府的一名发言人表示，马德拉很可能会先走一步，执行这项禁令。
Individual European countries and regions have banned certain genetically modified crops before.
之前，个别的欧洲国家和地区也曾禁止过特定的转基因作物。
Many consumers and farmers in countries like Austria, France and Italy regard the crops as potentially dangerous and likely to contaminate organically produced food.
像奥地利，法国和意大利这些国家的很多消费者和农民，都认为转基因作物有潜在的危险性，很可能会污染有机食品。
But the case of Madeira represents a significant landmark, because it is the first time the commission, which runs the day-to-day affairs of the European Union, has permitted a country to impose such a sweeping and definitive rejection of the technology.
但是，马德拉的例子却具有里程碑意义，因为委员会平时都是运营欧盟的日常事物，这是它第一次允许一个国家如此大规模的，明确的禁止转基因技术。
The Madeirans’ main concerns focused on preserving the archipelago’s biodiversity and its forest of subtropical laurel trees.
马德拉人的主要关注点集中在保护马德拉群岛的生物多样性和岛上的亚热带月桂树林。
Such forests, known as laurisilva, were once widespread on the European mainland but were wiped out thousands of years ago during an earlier period of climate change.
这些被称作温带雨林的森林，曾广泛存在于欧洲大陆，却在几千年前的一次早期的气候变化期间被摧毁了。
That has left Madeira with “much the largest extent of laurel forest surviving in the world, with a unique suite of plants and animals,” according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, which named the Madeiran laurisilva a World Heritage Site in 1999.
据联合国教育科学文化组织称，这场气候剧变把“世界上存活量最大的月桂树林，以及一批独特的动植物”留给了马德拉。该组织在1999年将马德拉温带雨林命为世界遗产地。
The forest also is a growing attraction for tourists, who make up a significant portion of Madeira’s earnings.
这片月桂林同样也吸引了越来越多的游客，是马德拉收入的重要组成部分。
In seeking to ban biotechnology on Madeira, the Portuguese government told the commission that it would be impossible to separate crops containing genetically engineered material from other plant life. 在试图禁止马德拉的生物技术时，葡萄牙政府曾告知欧盟委员会，把包含转基因材料的作物与其它作物分离，将会是不可能的事。
The “risk to nature presented by the deliberate release of GMOs is so dangerous and pose s such a threat to the environmental and ecological health of Madeira, that it is not worthwhile risking their use, either directly in the agricultural sector or even on an experimental basis,” the Portuguese tol d the commission.
葡萄牙政府告诉该委员会：“故意种植转基因作物对自然带来的风险十分巨大，对马德拉的环境和生态健康也会造成重大威胁，所以不论是直接用于农业领域，还是实验规模的种植，冒险使用转基因作物都不值得。”
Madeirais more than 500 kilometers from the African coast and is officially one of the“ outermost regions” of the European Union.
距非洲大陆500公里远的马德拉是欧盟正式承认的最遥远的国家之一。
Despite that far-flung status, Madeira catapulted into the center of the Union’s agricultural and environmental affairs last year when Portugal asked the European Commission for permission to impose an unprecedented ban on growing biotech crops there.
尽管距非洲大陆有些遥远，然而，当去年葡萄牙请求欧盟委员会对马德拉种植生物科技作物一事进行严重惩罚时，马德拉却瞬间成为了欧盟农业与环境事务的焦点。
Last week, the commission quietly let the deadline pass for opposing Portugal’s request, allowing Madeira, which is one of Portugal’s autonomous regions, to become the first E.U. terr itory to get formal permission from Brussels to remain entirely free of genetically modified organisms.
上周，委员会的默许让截止日期悄然滑过，而不予理会葡萄牙的要求。至此，马德拉，一个葡萄牙的自治区，成为正式得到布鲁塞尔认可的欧盟第一片领土，完全可以自由生产转基因产品。
Madeira now will probably go ahead and implement the ban, a spokeswoman for the Portuguese government said Friday.
马德拉可能将在以后实施禁令，葡萄牙政府的一位发言人在周五发言时称到。
Individual European countries and regions have banned certain genetically modified crops before.
之前，也有个别的欧洲国家或地区禁止某种转基因作物。
Many consumers and farmers in countries like Austria, France and Italy r egard the crops as potentially dangerous and likely to contaminate organically produced food.
奥地利，法国与意大利这些国家的多数消费者与农户都认为转基因作物具有潜在的危险性，可能会污染原生态食品。
But the case of Madeira represents a significant landmark, because it is the first time the commission, which runs the day-to-day affairs of the European Union, has permitted a country to impose such a sweeping and definitive rejection of the technology.
然而，对马德拉的关注确实是一个重要的标志。原因在于这是欧盟委员会在欧盟的日常事务中首次同意一个国家彻底明确的拒绝此项技术。
The Madeirans’ main concerns focused on preserving the archipelago’s biodiversity and its forest of subtropical laurel trees.
马德拉的注意力主要集中在如何保持马德拉群岛的生物多样性并保护岛上的亚热带月桂林。
Such forests, known as laurisilva, were once widespread on the European mainland but were wiped out thousands ofyears ago during an earlier period of climate change.
这些月桂林曾经遍布欧洲大陆的每个角落，但却在几千年前的一次早期气候变化中被摧毁了。
That has left Madeira with “much the largest extent of laurel forest surviving in the world, with a unique suite of plants and animals,” according to the United Nati ons Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, which named the Madeiran laurisilva a World Heritage Site in 1999.
联合国教科文组织在1999年将马德拉月桂林列入为世界文化遗产名录，并称，马德拉具有世界上存活量最大的月桂林，并且生存着一批独特的动植物。
The forest also is a growing attraction for tourists, who make up a significant portion of Madeira’s earnings.
这片月桂林还吸引了大量游客，成为马德拉国家经济收入的一个主要来源。
In seeking to ban biotechnology on Madeira, the Portuguese government told thecommission that it would be impossible to separate crops containing genetically engineered material from other plant life.
为对马德拉实行禁令，葡萄牙政府当局告知欧盟委员会，将包含转基因材料的作物与其他植物分开，是不可能的事。
The “risk to nature presented by the deliberate release of GMOs is so dangerous and poses such a threat to the environmental and ecological health of Madeira, that it is not worthwhile risking their use, either directly in the agricultural sector or even on an experimental basis,” the Portuguese told the commission.
葡萄牙人告诉该委员会：“有意种植转基因作物对大自然的危害极其严重，还会对马德拉的环境与生态健康构成威胁。因此，无论是直接投放于农业领域或是以试验为目的的做法，都是有弊无利的。”
1楼主，关于世纪的数字你貌似都翻译错了
2The dhow was carrying a rich cargo.应该是运载的货物的数量种类很多吧
3楼主帖子里关于not...until的翻译几乎都是知道。。。才。。。，可以考虑换一种译法
4its discovery has confirmed how significant trade was along a maritime silk road between...证实的应该是贸易往来的重要性
customizing不是订购撒。。
5it brings to life the tale of Sinbad sailing to China....我感觉是此次展览让辛巴的故事变得栩栩如生6He was referring to the production of burial pottery...感觉这里要和前一句接着，他指的是生产诸如骆驼和马匹之类的陪葬陶器，而此类陪葬陶器已在8世纪末禁止生产了
7is officially one of the outermost regions of EU欧盟正式成员中最偏远的地区之一；马德拉只是葡萄牙的一个自治区，不是一个国家，文章里说了的
8entirely free of GMOs''完全可以自由生产转基因产品''；这里的意思应该翻译反了吧，和文章的意思不一致，''彻底禁止转基因作物''
楼主最后一句不错哦，不过the Portuguese应该是葡萄牙政府吧。
汉译英沪江版3. 汉译英第一篇：
稀土是不可再生的重要自然资源，在经济社会发展中的用途日益广泛，如光学、电子信息、航空航天、核工业等尖端科技领域。目前我国的稀土储量占世界的30%，却长期以来供应了国际97%的市场需求。
我国的稀土储量全球最高。2010年，中国稀土储量达到3600万吨，占到全球稀土储量的36.4%。同时中国也是全球最大的稀土生产国，中国稀土矿产量达到12.9万吨，占到全球产量的97%。
中国稀土行业的快速发展，为全球稀土供应作出了重要贡献。但同时也为此付出了巨大代价。由于稀土资源的稀缺性和开采高污染性，全球稀土储量国许多厂都关闭了，直接从中国进口稀土。
目前，我国稀土私采乱挖、浪费资源等情况依然猖獗。一些私采乱挖的矿山，稀土开采的吨回收率甚至只有5%，稀土资源被大量浪费，并由此引发巨大环境问题。我们需要制定相关政策，减少稀土资源的过度开采。在稀土的开采、生产、出口等环节综合采取措施，加大资源和环境保护的力度，努力促进稀土行业持续健康发展。
4. 汉译英第二篇：
节选自2011年全国人大常委会工作报告
中国特色社会主义法律体系的形成，总体上解决了有法可依的问题。在这种情况下，有法必依、执法必严、违法必究的问题就显得更突出、更紧迫。这也是广大人民群众和社会各方面普遍关注的问题。因此，我们要采取以下措施，切实保障宪法和法律的有效实施。
The formation of socialism law system with Chinese characteristics has generally solved the problem of making laws to be observed. Under such a circumstance, the problems of obeying the law strictly, enforcing the law stringently and punishing the law violation strongly seems more important and urgent.
一要维护宪法和法律的权威和尊严。一切国家机关、武装力量、各政党、各社会团体、各企事业单位都必须遵守宪法和法律，任何组织或者个人都不得有超越宪法和法律的特权。
二要坚持依法行政和公正司法。国家行政机关要严格按照法定权限和程序办事，加快建设法治政府。国家审判机关、检察机关要依法独立公正行使审判权、检察权，维护社会公平正义。
三要增强全社会的法律意识和法治观念。让各级领导干部和国家机关工作人员带头遵守宪法和法律，善于运用法律解决现实生活中的实际问题，让广大人民群众懂得依法按程序表达利益诉求、解决矛盾纠纷，用法律武器维护自身的合法权益。
译之灵版汉译英Passage 1
稀土是中国最丰富的战略资源，截止2009年，中国稀土储量达到3600万吨，占到全球稀土储量的36.4%。同时中国也是全球最大的稀土生产国，2009年，中国稀土矿产量达到12.9万吨，占到全球产量的97%，稀土资源的过度开发给中国稀土产业的可持续发展带来严峻挑战。
针对国内稀土资源开发存在的问题，近年来，中国加大了对稀土资源开发政策调控的力度，实行指令性生产和出口配额制度。2010年，中国稀土开采总量控制指标为89200吨，同比增长8.4%；稀土产品出口配额为3. 03万吨，同比下降39.5%。
2009年以来，中国稀土产品出口控制力度的加强，使全球稀土供给趋紧，由此拉动全球稀土产品市场价格进入一轮持续上升期。以金属钕为例，截止2010年9月30日，上海金属钕现货市场价格达到316500元/吨，对比2008年12月份的97500元/吨增长224.6%。
【参考译文】
Rare earth is the richest strategic resource of China. As of 2009，China’s reserves of rare earth have reached 36 million tons，representing 36.4% of the world’s total. China also boasts the largest rare earth output in the world，accounting for 129，000 tons or 97% of the world’s total output in 2009. The overexploitation of rare earth resources has posed a grave challenge to the sustainable development of China’s rare earth industry.
In response to the problem in the exploitation of rare earth resources，the Chinese Government has intensified the policy control in recent years，implementing a mandatory production and export quota system. The rare earth exploitation of China is capped at 89，200 tons in 2010，up 8.4% year-on-year，while the export quota stands at 30，300 tons，down 39.5% year-on-year.
Since 2009，China has strengthened its control over rare earth export，pushing up a new round of price hike of rare earth resource worldwide because of the shortage of supply. A case in point is neodymium，the spot market price of which in Shanghai reached RMB 316，500/ton as of September 30th，2010，an increase of 224.6% compared with the RMB 97，500/ton in December 2008.
汉译英Passage 2
中国特色社会主义法律体系形成，总体解决了有法可依的问题。坚持法律面前人人平等，保证有法必依、执法必严、违法必究。完善中国特色社会主义法律体系，加强重点领域立法，拓展人民有序参与立法途径。推进依法行政，切实做到严格规范公正文明执法。进一步深化司法体制改革，坚持和完善中国特色社会主义司法制度，确保审判机关、检察机关依法独立公正行使审判权、检察权。深入开展法制宣传教育，弘扬社会主义法治精神，树立社会主义法治理念，增强全社会学法尊法守法用法意识。提高领导干部运用法治思维和法治方式深化改革、推动发展、化解矛盾、维护稳定能力。党领导人民制定宪法和法律，党必须在宪法和法律范围内活动。任何组织或者个人都不得有超越宪法和法律的特权，绝不允许以言代法、以权压法、徇私枉法。
【参考译文】
Promote law-based governance of the country in an all-around way
The rule of law is the basic way for running the country. We should make laws in a scientific way，enforce them strictly，administer justice impartially，and ensure that everyone abides by the law. We must make sure that all are equal before the law and that laws are observed and strictly enforced and lawbreakers are prosecuted. We should improve the socialist system of laws with Chinese characteristics，strengthen legislation in key areas，and expand channels for people's orderly participation in the legislative process. We should exercise government administration in accordance with the law and ensure that law enforcement is conducted in a strict，fair，and civilized way according to due procedures. We should continue to deepen reform of the judicial structure，uphold and improve the socialist judicial system with Chinese characteristics，and ensure that judicial and procuratorial bodies independently and impartially exercise their respective powers pursuant to law. We should carry out intensive publicity and education about the law，foster socialist spirit of the rule of law，and adopt the socialist concept of law-based governance. We should enhance the whole society's awareness of the need to study，respect，observe，and apply the law. We should ensure that leading officials are guided by law in both thinking and action in their effort to deepen reform，promote development，solve problems，and maintain stability. As the Constitution and laws are adopted by the Party and the people under its leadership，the Party must act within the scope prescribed by the Constitution and laws. No organization or individual has the privilege of overstepping the Constitution and laws，and no one in a position of power is allowed in any way to take one's own words as the law，place one's own authority above the law or abuse the law.
2012年5月份CATTI二级笔译
1. 英译汉第一篇
选自《纽约时报》，原文标题为：Translation as Literary Ambassador
节选部分内容如下：
The runaway success of Stieg Larsson?s “Millennium” trilogy suggests that when it comes to contemporary literature in translation, Americans are at least willing to read Scandinavian detective fiction. But for work from other regions, in other genres, winning the interest of big publishing houses and readers in the United States remains a steep uphill struggle.
Among foreign cultural institutes and publishers, the traditional American aversion to literature in translation is known as “the 3 percent problem.” But now, hoping to increase their minuscule share of the American book market —
about 3 percent —foreign governments and foundations, especially those on the margins of Europe, are taking matters into their own hands and plunging into the publishing fray in the United States.
Increasingly, that campaign is no longer limited to widely spoken languages like French and German. From Romania to Catalonia to Iceland, cultural institutes and agencies are subsidizing publication of books in English, underwriting the training of translators, encouraging their writers to tour in the United States, submitting to American marketing and promotional techniques they may have previously shunned and exploiting existing niches in the publishing industry.
“We have established this as a strateg ic objective, a long-term commitment to break through the American market,” said Corina Suteu, who leads the New York branch of the European Union National Institutes for Culture and directs the Romanian Cultural Institute. “For nations in Europe, be they small or large, literature will always be one of the keys of their cultural existence, and we recognize that this is the only way we are going to be able to make that literature present in the United States.”
For instance, the Dalkey Archive Press, a small publishing house in Champaign, Ill., that for more than 25 years has specialized in translated works, this year began a Slovenian Literature Series, underwritten by official groups in Slovenia, once part of Yugoslavia. The series?s first book, “Necropolis,” by Boris Pahor, is a powerful World War II concentration-camp memoir that has been compared to the best of Elie Wiesel and Primo Levi, and has been followed by Andrej Blatnik?s “You Do Understand,” a rather absurdist but still touching collection of s ketches and parables about love and intimacy.
Dalkey has also begun or is about to begin similar series in Hebrew and Catalan, and with Switzerland and Mexico, the last of which will consist of four books yearly for six years. In each case a financing agency in the host country is subsidizing publication and participating in promotion and marketing in the United States, an effort that can easily require $1 0,000 or more a book.
2. 英译汉的第二篇
节选自《纽约时报》，原文标题为：Argentina Hopes for a Big Payoff in Its Shale Oil Field Discovery 节选部分内容为：
Just east of Argentina?s Andean foothills, an oil field called the Vaca Muerta —“dead cow” in English — has finally come to life.
In May, the Argentine oil company YPF announced that it had found 150 million barrels of oil in the Patagonian field, and President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner rushed onto national television to praise the discovery as something that could give new impetus to the country?s long-stagnant economy.
“The importance of this discovery goes well beyond the volume,” said Sebastián Eskenazi, YPF?s chief executive, as he announced the find. “The important thing is it is something new: new energy, a new future, new expectations.”
Although there are significant hurdles, geologists say that the Vaca Muerta is a harbinger of a possible major expansion of global petroleum supplies over the next two decades as the industry uses advanced techniques to extract oil from shale and other tightly packed rocks.
Oil experts caution that geologists have only just begun to study shale fields in much of the world, and thus can only guess at their potential. Little seismic work has been completed, and core samples need to be retrieved from thousands of feet below the surface to judge how much oil or gas can be retrieved.
Argentina certainly has high hopes for shale oil from the southern Patagonian province of Neuquén. The 150 million barrels of recoverable shale oil found in the Vaca Muerta represents an increase of 8 percent in Argentina?s reserves, and the find was the biggest discovery of oil in the country since the late 1980s.
Oil experts say the Vaca Muerta is probably just a start for Argentina, long a middle-ranked oil producer. Mr. Lynch noted that YPF had explored only 100 square miles out of 5,000 square miles in the whole shale deposit, and other oil companies working in the area had not announced any discoveries yet.
So far, nearly all of the oil exploration in the shale fields in Argentina and elsewhere has been pursued with traditional vertical wells. Plans are just beginning for horizontal drilling.
Some experts caution that the fast advance of oil production from shale in the United States is no guarantee of similar successes abroad, at least not in the near future.
汉译英的第一篇
节选自《胡锦涛在金砖国家领导人第三次会晤时的讲话》(2011年4月15日)
原文：
和平稳定是发展的前提和基础。上个世纪，人类经历了两次世界大战，生灵涂炭，经济社会发展遭受严重挫折。第二次世界大战结束以来，世界经济能够快速增长，主要得益于相对和平稳定的国际环境。
我们应该恪守联合国宪章宗旨和原则，充分发挥联合国及其安理会在维护和平、缔造和平、建设和平方面的核心作用。坚持通过对话和协商，以和平方式解决国际争端。
我们应该坚持国家不论大小、强弱、贫富都是国际社会平等一员，以民主、包容、合作、共赢的精神实现共同安全，做到一国内部的事情一国自主办、大家共同的事情大家商量办，坚定不移奉行多边主义和国际合作，推进国际关系民主化。
我们应该营造支持各国根据本国国情实现和平、稳定、繁荣的国际环境。应该本着求同存异的原则，尊重各国主权和选择发展道路和发展模式的权利，尊重文明多样性，在交流互鉴、取长补短中相得益彰、共同进步。
参考译文：
Peace and stability form the prerequisite and foundation for development. The two world wars in the last century caused mankind untold sufferings and world economic and social development severe setbacks. It is mainly due to the relatively peaceful and stable international environment that the world economy has been able to grow at a fast pace in the post-war era. The World Bank statistics show that none of the countries persistently under violent conflict has achieved the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). To maintain world peace and stability so that the people can live a happy and prosperous life is the primary responsibility for governments and leaders of all countries.
We should abide by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and bring into full play the central role of the United Nations and its Security Council in peace keeping, peace making and peace building. We should seek peaceful settlement of international disputes through dialogue and consultation.
All countries, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, are equal members of the international community. We should work for common security in a spirit of democracy, inclusiveness, cooperation and win-win progress. Internal affairs of a country should be handled independently by the country itself and international affairs should be managed collectively through consultation by all. We should be committed to multilateralism and international cooperation, and promote democracy in international relations.
We should foster an international environment that supports efforts of countries to achieve peace, stability and prosperity in the light of their national circumstances. We should respect the sovereignty of all countries and their right to choose their development paths and models in keeping with the principle of seeking common ground while shelving differences. And we should respect the diversity of civilizations and pursue common progress through mutual learning and drawing on each other's strength.
第二篇
1882年中国第一盏电灯在上海点亮，这使得中国逐渐告别了油灯和蜡烛照明的历史，当时使用的电灯就是白炽灯，这一用就是130年，中国也成为白炽灯的生产和消费大国。
早在1996年，中国就启动实施了“绿色照明工程”，中国绿色照明工程的实施，推动了照明电器行业结构的优化升级和产品质量的整体提升。经过多年努力，中国节能灯产品质量水平日益提高，一些企业产品质量和工艺水平已达到世界领先水平。高效照明产品及技术的日益成熟为逐步淘汰白炽灯提供了重要保障。
中国节能灯的全球市场占有率由1996年的20%提高到2010年的85%。
2012年11月份CATTI二级笔译
英译汉第一篇
In Greenland, Ice and Instability
by Andrew C. Revkin, excerpt from The New York Times January 8, 2008
3. 汉译英第一篇：
节选自《中国的对外援助》白皮书
多年来，中国在致力于自身发展的同时，始终坚持向经济困难的其他发展中国家提供力所能及的援助，承担相应国际义务。
中国的对外援助符合自己的国情和受援国发展的需要，中国是世界上最大的发展中国家，人口多、底子薄、经济发展不平衡。发展仍然是中国长期面临的任务，这决定了中国的对外援助属于南南合作范畴，是发展中国家间的相互帮助。中国在对外援助中，始终坚持平等互利，注重实效，与时俱进，不附带任何政治条件的原则。Over the years, while focusing on its own development, China has been providing aid to the best of its ability to other developing countries with economic difficulties, and fulfilling its due international obligations.
China's foreign aid policy is suited both to China's actual conditions and the needs of the recipient countries. China is the world's largest developing country, with a large population, a poor foundation and uneven economic development.As development remains an arduous and long-standing task, China's foreign aid falls into the category of South-South cooperation and is mutual help between developing countries.(平等互利Remaining realistic while striving for the best与时俱进Keeping pace with the times不附带任何政治条件Imposing no political conditions.)
4. 汉译英第二篇：
节选自中国地域文化介绍《魅力翘楚贺兰山》
作为远古人类留给我们的宝贵文化遗产，岩画堪称是记载人类早期社会生活的百科全书，也是史前人类文化、宗教、民俗以及原始艺术史的见证。
中国是世界上岩画诞生最早、分布最广、内容最丰富的国家之一，而地处中国西北宁夏回族自治区境内的贺兰山又是华夏土地上遗存岩画最集中、题材最广泛、保存最完好的地区之一。
仅在贺兰山口处，就分布着近6000幅岩画，据专家考证，这些岩画大多为北方游牧民族创作，其中包括栩栩如生的各类动物画像和千奇百态的人面像，造型粗犷、稚拙、构图朴实、自然。
有专家认为，贺兰山岩画出现在象形文字之前。那时，通过这种方式，这里的游牧民族艰难地将他们的理想、愿望、欢乐和悲伤凿刻在贺兰山的岩壁上，也给后人留下了一部史前人类“天书”！
参考译文一
As a valuable cultural heritage ancient humans left us , rock art can be recorded documented encyclopedia of early human social life, but also the testimony of prehistoric human culture, religion, folk and original art history.
China is one of the earliest rock art was born, the most widely distributed, the contents of the richest countries in the world, Helan Mountain，located in China's northwest Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region ,is one of remaining rock art most concentrated, the subject matter is the most widely used, and one of the best-preserved areas.
Only in the pass of Helan, nearly 6000 rock paintings are distributed, according to textual research of experts, these rock paintings are mostly created by northern nomadic nationality , including the true to life likeness of various animal portraits and attitudes of thousands of odd human face image, modelling rough, naive, simple, natural composition.
Some experts hold the view that the appearance of Helan Mountain rock paintings is earlier than that of hieroglyfhs. At that time, the nomadic people expressed their ideal,hope,joy and sadness by carving the paintings on the rock, which left the descendants the prehistoric human "mumbo-jumbo"
参考译文二
As a precious cultural heritage left by ancient people, rock-painting can be said as an encyclopedia recording the early social lives of human, which not only transmits the ancient civilization with long times, but also serves a witness of the culture, religion, folk-custom and ancient artistic history of prehistory people.
China is one of the countries whose rock-carvings boast the earliest creation, the widest distribution and the richest content in the world, while Helan Mountain is one of the regions whose rock-carvings boast the most concentrated distribution, the
widest theme and the best preserved condition in China. In the depth/hinterland of Helan Mountain, more than 20 relic places with rock-paintings have been discovered, among which, the most representative ones are those at the mouth of Helan Mountain.
There are some 6000 rock-paintings near the mouth of Helan Mountain, among which rare rock-paintings of human faces hits over 70. According to research and study, the rock-paintings at the mouth of Helan Mountain were carved during different periods, and most were created by nomad nationality in north China. These rock-paintings are characterized by rough and adorned sculpt, as well as simple and natural composition, of vivid animals such as cattle, horses, donkeys, deer and tigers, as well as human heads carrying thousands expressions. The rock-paintings are faithfully recorded by ancient people of their pursuits and aspirations for happy life in future as well as their personal experiences and feelings based on understanding and thoughts of then social reality, meanwhile leaving these mysterious and magnificent rock-painting heritages in Helan Mountain.
Some scholars said that Helan Mountain are created by prehistory people as their sacrifice place by virtue of natural charm, while some held that rock-paintings here are drawing writings before pictographs, through which people take paints to express their ideals, wishes, happiness and sadness before the creation of characters. In this way, “Heaven Book”of prehistory people has been written on the everlasting Helan Mountain.
2012年11月三级笔译
1.英译汉
FOR MORE than 30 years, I have been wondering about L.R. Generson.
三十多年来，我一直在思考着L. R. 杰内森究竟是何许人。
On one of our first Christmases together, my husband gave me a complete set of Dickens. There were 20 volumes, bound in gray cloth with black corners, old but in good condition. Stamped on the flyleaf of each volume, in faded block letters, was the name of the previous owner: “L.R. Generson, M.D., Bronx, NY.’’
在我和丈夫一起度过的最初的几次圣诞节中，有一次他送给我了一整套狄更斯的作品。这些书有二十卷，用一块黑色边角的灰布包裹着，这些书尽管有些旧了但保存完好。每一卷的扉页上，都有模糊的大写字母，显示着它们之前的主人的信息：“L. R. 杰内森, 医学博士，布朗克斯，纽约。”
That Dickens set is one of the best presents anyone has ever given me. A couple of the books are still pristine, but others - “Bleak House,’’ “David Copperfield,’’ and especially “Great Expectations’’ - have been read and re-read almost to pieces. Over the years, Pip and Estella and Magwitch have kept me company. So have Lady Dedlock, Steerforth and Peggotty, the Cratchits and the Pecksniffs and the Veneerings. And so, in his silent enigmatic way, has L.R. Generson.
这套狄更斯的作品是我收到的最好的礼物之一。有些书现在还很新，但是一些书像《荒凉山庄》《大卫-科波菲尔》，尤其是《远大前程》，由于多次的反复阅读书已几乎变成散页了。多年来书中的人物一直萦绕在我身边，L. R. 杰内森也以沉默而神秘的方式陪伴着我。
Did he love the books as much as I do? Who was he? On a whim, I Googled him. There wasn’t much - a single mention on a veterans’ webs ite of a World War II captain named Leonard Generson. But I did find a Dr. Richard Generson, an oral surgeon living in New Jersey. Since Generson is not a common name, I decided to write to him.
是否他也像我一样喜爱这些书籍？他是谁呢？有一次心血来潮，我上谷歌搜索关于他的信息。没有搜到多少结果，只在一个老兵网站上搜到了一个叫莱昂纳多-杰内森的二战时期的一个上尉。但是我找到了莱昂纳多-杰内森博士，他是一位新泽西周的口腔医生。由于杰内森不是一个常用的名字，于是我决定写信给他。
Dr. Generson was kind enough to write back. He told me that his father, Leonard Richard Generson, was born in 1909. He lived in New York City but went to medical school in Basel, Switzerland. He spoke 10 languages fluently. As an obstetrician and gynecologist, he opened a practice in the Bronx shortly before World War II. His son described him as “an extremely patriotic individual’’; right after Pearl Harbor he closed his practice and enlisted. He served throughout the war as a general surgeon with an airborne special forces unit in Europe, where he became one of the war’s most highly decorated physicians.
杰内森博士很热心的给我回信。他告诉我他的父亲莱昂纳多-理查德-杰内森1909年生于纽约。后来在瑞士巴塞尔的一家医学院学习，他能熟练的讲十种语言。作为一名产科医生和妇科医生，他二战前不久在布朗克斯曾开了一家诊所。他儿子把他描述为一个极端的爱国主义者；日本偷袭珍珠港后，他随即关闭了诊所参了军。战争期间他以一个医生的身份和一个空军特别飞行队一起在欧洲服役，在当地他成了一名被赋予极高荣誉的医生。
The list of his decorations reflects his ordeals and his courage: multiple Purple Hearts, the Bronze Star with “V’’ for valor, the Silver Star, and also the Cross of War, an extremely high honor from the government of France. After the war, he remained in the Army Reserve and attained the rank of full colonel, whil e also continuing his medical practice in New York. “He was a very dedicated physician who had a large patient following,’’ his son wrote. Leonard Generson’s son didn’t remember the Dickens set, though he told me that there were always a lot of novels in the house. His mother probably “cleaned house’’ after his father’s death in 1977 - the same year my husband bought the set in a used book store.
他所获得的种种荣誉反映出他所受到的严峻考验及勇气：多个紫心勋章，带有象征英勇V字母的青铜星章，银星勋章以及法国政府所颁发的一项享有极高荣誉的战争十字勋章。战争结束后，他仍在陆军预备役任职，获得了上校军衔，同时，他在纽约继续从医。他儿子说，“他是一名非常敬业的内科医生，很多患者慕名向他求医。” 莱昂纳多·杰内森的儿子不记得那套狄更斯的书籍，但是他告诉我当时他们家一直有很多小说。他的妈妈在1977年他父亲去世后“清理过房间”，而恰在那一年，我丈夫在一家二手书店买了那套书。
I found this letter very moving, with its brief portrait of an intelligent, brave man and his life of service. At the same time, it made me question my presumption that somehow L.R. Generson and I were connected because we’d owned the same set of books. The letter both told me a little about him, and told me that I would never really know anything about him - and why should I? His son must have been startled to hear from a stranger on such a fragile pretext. What had I been thinking?
尽管这封信只简单描述了一个智慧、勇敢的人以及他的军旅生活，但我觉得这封信很感人。同时，我不禁产生一个疑问，由于我和L. R. 杰内森曾共同拥有一套书，我们之间是否有某种缘分。那封信也告诉我了一些他的情况，而且信中还说我不会真正地了解他。为什么我要了解他呢？当他的儿子收到一个陌生人以如此勉强的一个借口给他写来的信时一定会很惊讶。我当时是怎么想的？
One possible, and only somewhat facetious, answer is that I’ve read too much Dickens. In the world of a Dickens novel, everything is connected to everything else. Orphans find families. Lovers are
joined. Ancient mysteries are solved and old scores are settled. Questions are answered. Stories end.
一种可能的而且是唯一听起来比较可笑的回答就是我读了太多狄更斯的小说。在他的小说里，任何事物都和其他的事物相关联。他的小说故事结束时，孤儿最终找到了亲人，有情人终成眷属，古老的秘密终被解开，昔日的宿怨最终化解，疑问终被解答。
Leonard Generson’s life touched mine only lightly, through the coincidence of a set of books. But there are other lives he touched more deeply. The next time I read a Dickens novel, I will think of him and his military service and his 10 languages. And I will think of the hundreds of babies he must have delivered, who are now in the middle of their own lives and their own stories.
在一套书的机缘巧合下，莱昂纳多·杰内森的人生对我的生活产生了些许的影响。但他深深地影响了其他人的生活。下次我再阅读狄更斯的小说时，我会想到他，想到他的军旅生涯，和他所讲的10种语言。我也会想到他所接生的数百名婴儿---他们现在正行走在自己的人生道路上，并且书写着自己的故事。
2011年5月份CATTI二级笔译
英译汉第一篇原文及参考译文
美国农场之死https://www.doczj.com/doc/4f7750353.html,/2010/08/01/opinion/01sun2.html
Farms go out of business for many reasons, but few farms do merely because the soil has failed. That is the miracle of farming. If you care for the soil, it will last — and yield — nearly forever. America is such a young country that we have barely tested that. For most of our history, there has been new land to farm, and we still farm as though there always will be.
导致农场破产的原因有很多种，但是少数农场的破产仅仅是由于土地退化的原因所造成的，这算是农业上的奇迹。如果你能够照料好土地，那么它就几乎可以永远地产出。美国是这样一个年轻的国度，以至于我们几乎无法进行验证。因为在我们大部分历史中，总会有新的土地被开垦成农场，我们不断地耕作，好像资源取之不尽。
Still, there are some very old farms out there. The oldest is the Tuttle farm, near Dover, N.H., which is also one of the oldest business enterprises in America. It made the news last week because its owner — a lineal descendant of John Tuttle, the original settler — has decided to go out of business. It was founded in 1632. I hear its sweet corn is legendary.
然而，还是有一些上了岁数的农场破产了。其中历史最有悠久的莫过于“塔特尔农场”——它位于美国新罕布什尔州多佛市附近，也是美国历史最悠久的商业公司之一。最近，它的所有人——即农场创始人约翰.塔特尔的直系继承人——宣告破产，从而再次成为新闻。塔特尔农场始建于1632年。我听说它出产的甜玉米是个传奇。
The year 1632 is unimaginably distant. In 1632, Galileo was still publishing, and John Locke was born. There were perhaps 10,000 colonists in all of America, only a few hundred of them in New Hampshire. The Tuttle acres, then, would have seemed almost as surrounded as they do in 2010, but by forest instead of highways and
houses.
1632年，一个遥远得令人无法想象的岁月。1632年，伽利略还在出版他的著作，约翰.洛克（著名的英国哲学家）才刚刚出生。在整片美国土地上大概有1万个殖民者，而在新罕布什尔州只有区区几百人。那时的塔特尔耕地可能与2010年一样被团团包围着，只不过大片森林为高度公路和房子所代替。
It was a precarious operation at the start —as all farming was in the new colonies—and it became precarious enough again in these past few years to peter out at last. The land is protected by a conservation easement so it can’t be developed, but no one knows whether the next owner will farm it.
就像所有新的殖民地上的农业一样，一开始塔特尔的经营也非常不稳定。在过去数年中，这样的不稳定状况旧病复发，最终导致农场一步步滑向破产的深渊。受到资源保护的限制（译者注：easement是地役权），不能对土地进行开发。但是没有人知道农场的下一位主人是否会继续耕作。
In a letter on their Web site, the Tuttles cite “exhaustion of resources” as the reason to sell the farm. The exhausted resources they list include bodies, minds, hearts, imagination, equipment, machinery and finances. They do not ment ion soil, which has been renewed and redeemed repeatedly. It’s as though the parishioners of the First Parish Church in nearby Dover — erected nearly 200 years later, in 1829 — had rebuilt the structure on the same spot every few years.
在“塔特尔农场”的网站上，塔特尔家族在一封致公众信中将“资源枯竭”作为出售农场的原因。他们所列举的枯竭资源包括：人力、脑力、想象力、设备、机器和资金，却压根没提被多次翻新并帮助他们挽回颜面的土地。这就好像多佛市附近、始建于1829年的First Parish Church的教区居民每过几年就在同一个地方重建教堂一样。
It is too simple to say, as the Tuttles have, that the recession killed a farm that had survived for nearly 400 years. What killed it was the economic structure of food production. Each year it has become harder for family farms to compete with industrial scale agriculture — heavily subsidized by the government — underselling them at every turn. In a system committed to the health of farms and their integration with local communities, the result would have been different. In 1632, and for many years after, the Tuttle farm was a necessity. In 2010, it is suddenly superfluous, or so we like to pretend.
塔特尔家族的人将有着近400历史的农场的破产归咎于土地退化，这理由未免太过简单。使其破产的真正原因其实是食品生产的经济结构。每一年，家庭农场都要跟工业规模化的农业企业进行竞争，日子越来越煎熬。这些企业享受政府大力补贴扶持，以各种渠道以低价出售粮食。在一个致力于农场健康并促进农场与当地社区融合一体的体系里，结果本不该如此。在1632年以及之后的许多年，塔特尔农场不可或缺。然而到了2010年，它突然成了多余的东西，或者说被我们看作是一个累赘。
第二篇Global Youth Unemployment Reaches New High
Youth unemployment across the world has climbed to a new high and is likely to climb further this year, a United Nations agency said Thursday, while warning of a “lost generation” as more young people give up the search for work.
联合国一组织周二称，全球年轻人失业率再创新高，而且这种趋势将在今年继续延续下去。他们警告说，越来越多的年轻人放弃寻找工作，将导致失迷一代数量激增。
The agency, the International Labor Organization, said in a report that of some 620 million young people ages 15 to 24 in the work force, about 81 million were unemployed at the end of 2009 — the highest level in two decades of record-keeping by the organization, which is based in Geneva.
国际劳工组织在其报告中称，全球15岁到24岁之间的6.2亿年轻工人中，2009年末大约有8100万人失业，这是总部位于日内瓦的劳工组织20年以来的最高纪录。
The youth unemployment rate increased to 13 percent in 2009 from 11.9 percent in the last assessment in 2007.
年轻人失业率从2007年的11.9%增长到2009年的13%。
“There?s never been an increase of this magnitude — both in terms of the rate and the level —since we?ve been tracking the data,” said Steven Kapsos, an economist with the organizatio n. The agency forecast that the global youth unemployment rate would continue to increase through 2010, to 13.1 percent, as the effects of the economic downturn continue. It should then decline to 12.7 percent in 2011.
国际劳工组织经济学家史蒂文·凯普索斯说：“自从我们开始追踪年轻人失业数据以来，从未见过数量如此之大、比例如此之高的失业现象。”该机构预测，在全球经济持续低迷的影响下，年轻人2010年下半年失业率将继续上升，最后可能达到13.1%。不过到2011年，这一比例应该可以降到12.7%以下。
The agency?s 2010 report found that unemployment has hit young people harder than adults during the financial crisis, from which most economies are only just emerging, and that recovery of the job market for young men and women will lag behind that of adults. The impact of the crisis also has been felt in shorter hours and reduced wages for those who maintain salaried employment.
国际劳工组织2010年的报告还发现，金融危机期间，年轻人失业率比成年工人失业情况更严重，就业市场的恢复也比成年工人慢。而且受经济危机影响，侥幸保住“饭碗”的年轻人，工作时间更短、工资更少。
In some especially strained European countries, including Spain and Britain, many young people have become discouraged and given up the job hunt, it said. The trend will have “si gnificant consequences for young people,” as more and more join the ranks of the already unemployed, it said. That has the potential to create a “ …lost generation? comprised of young people who have dropped out of the labor market, having lost all hope of being able to work for a decent living.”
在情况特别严峻的欧洲国家，比如西班牙和英国，许多年轻人已经对寻找工作气馁，甚至放弃了找工作。这种趋势将对年轻人造成严重影响，可能越来越多的年轻人加入到失业者行列。这些退出劳动市场、对寻找工作过上体面生活失去希望的年轻人，将成为新的迷失一代。
The report said that young people in developing economies are more vulnerable to precarious employment and poverty.