让步状语从句
一、定义：在复合句中起状语作用的从句，称为状语从句。状语从句按其意义可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、让步、目的、结果、比较状语从句等九种。不同的状语从句由不同的从属连词或相当于从属连词的词组引出。表“虽然”、“尽管”、“即使”等概念的从句，叫让步状语从句。
二、连词：让步状语从句通常由下列连词引导：although (though)（虽然），as（尽管，虽然），even if (though)（即使），however（尽管），whatever（不管）；no matter (how, what, where, when)（不管（怎样、什么、哪里、何时）），whether…or（不管）。although和though在意义上没有区别，但although 语气上要强一些，所以更常用于句首。例如：Although he is poor, he is honest. 他虽然穷，但是诚实。
（1）though, although
注意：当有though, although时，后面的从句不能有but，但是though 和yet可连用
Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。
He is very old, but he still works very hard.虽然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。
典型例题
1）___she is young, she knows quite a lot.
A. When
B. However
C. Although
D. Unless
2)as, though 引导的倒装句
as / though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。
Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.
注意：a.句首名词不能带任何冠词。
b.句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. = Though he tries hard, he never seems… 虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。
3)ever if, even though.即使
We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.
4) whether…or-不管……都
Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
5)"no matter +疑问词" 或"疑问词+后缀ever"
No matter what happened, he would not mind.
Whatever happened, he would not mind.
替换：no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever
no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever
no matter which = whichever no matter how = however
注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。
（错）No matter what you say is of no use now.
（对）Whatever you say is of no use now.
你现在说什么也没用了。(Whatever you say是主语从句)
（错）Prisoners have to eat no matter what they're given,
（对）Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given.囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。
专项练习:
1.Alice is a good student ._____, she has one shortcoming.
A. although
B. as
C. however
D. even if
2. We will not give up _____ we shall fail ten times.
A. even if
B. as
C. though
D. until
3. He had measured me _____ I could speak.
A. until
B. before
C. while
D. as
4. _____, he knows more than you.
A. Child as he is
B. As he is a child
C. A child as he is
D. However he is a child
5. Lin Tao is sure to come to help you the moment _____ his homework.
A. he will finish
B. he has finished
C. he finished
D. he had finished
6. _____ difficult the task may be, we will try our best to finish it.
A. No matter how
B. No wonder
C. Though
D. even if
7.During the Spring Festival , a lot of people take the bullet train home _____ it is expensive.
A. so
B. as
C. because
D. though
8. _____ we grow older, we grow wiser.
A. With
B. Since
C. While
D. As
9．Mary spends a lot of money on clothes _______ her family is not rich.
A. because
B. though
C. if
D. so
10.Although he is considered a great writer, _____.
A. his works is not widely read
B. but his works are not widely read
C. however his works are not widely read
D. yet his works are not widely read
条件状从和让步状从练习 一．单选题 1._______ the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year. A. As B. When C. Even though D. In case 2. The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if ______ regularly, can improve our health. A. being carried out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out 3. You will never gain success you are fully devoted to your work. A. when B. because C. after D. unless 4. It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties_________ it gets more financial support from the European Union. A. if B. unless C. because D. since 5. It was a nice meal, _______a little expensive. A. though B. whether C. as D. since 6. I don’t really like the author,_______ I have to admit his books are very exciting. A. although B. unless C. until D. once 7. I don't believe we've met before, _____ I must say you do look familiar. A. therefore B. although C. since D. unless 8. You can’t borrow books from the school library ______ you get your student card. A. unless B. if C. while D. as 9. I'll be out for some time. ______ anything important happens, call me up immediately. A. In case B. As if C. Even though D. Now that 10. One's life has value ____one brings value to the life of others. A. so that B. no matter how C. as long as D. except that 二．填空题 11. In the global economy, a new drug for cancer, ______ it is discovered, will create many economic possibilities around the world. 12. One can always manage to do more things, ____ full one’s schedule is in life. 13.________ great difficulties we are faced with, we’ll never give up. 14. ________ great the difficulties are, we’ll never give up. 15. ______ we have enough evidence, we can't win the case. 16. If _____ to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once. (ask) 17.____________ the weather is like tomorrow, I will set out for Hongkong. 18. Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice ___________ they know it to be valuable. 19. Much ______ I admire David as a poet, I don’t like him as a man. 20. In time of serious accidents, ______ we know some basic things about first aid, we can save lives. 三．改错题 21、It won’t matter even he refuses. 22. Though the work was difficult, but we managed to finish it in time. 23. I’m not going to talk on the point any further, though it is neither important nor very interesting. 24. You will be late if you leave immediately. 25. Take an umbrella with you in case of it should rain.
让步状语从句是状语从句中的一种，其本身也是状语从句。一般翻译为“尽管……”或“即使……”，就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说……”。 使用的连词 引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些：though,although,while,as; even if,even though; whether...or...; no matter 疑问词，疑问词-ever，regardless of 名词/名词短语/名词从句，despite，in spite of。切记although，though 不可与but连用，但可以与still和yet连用。 用法 ⑴though,although表示“虽然，纵然”之意。 这两个连词意思大致相同，在一般情况下可以互换使用。在口语中，though 较常使用，although比though正式，二者都可与yet,still或never，the less连用，但不能与but连用。例如： My will is strong though I must lower my physical sights. 尽管我得降低体育（锻炼）的目标，但我的意志是坚强的。 Though I believe it, yet I must consider. 尽管我相信这一点，但我还得考虑考虑。 Although/Though he was exhausted,(still) he kept on working. 虽然他已经精疲力竭了，但仍然继续工作。 Although/Though he is very old,(yet) he is quite strong. 他虽然年纪大了，身体还很健壮。 值得注意的是，although引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前的情况较多，though引导的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。例如： She passed the examination though she had not studied very hard. 她虽然不用功学习，考试却及格了。 ⑵as,though表示“虽然……但是”，“纵使……”之意。 as引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现，被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形，though也可用于这样的结构中，但although不可以这样用。例如：
中考语法专题原因和让步状语从句（讲解+练习，无答案） 原因和让步状语从句 一、原因状语从句 用从句来表示主句行为或事件发生的原因，这个从句就是原因状语从句。 常用引导词：because, since, as, for 1、because表示人们不知道的直接的原因或理由，着重点在从句； 通常用于回答why引出的疑问句，语气最强； 除特别强调外，该从句一般位于主句后面； 不能与so连用但是可以与so进行同义句转换。 I didn’t go aboard with her because I couldn’t afford it.我没有和她一起出国是因为费用太高。 2、as和since引导的原因状语从句多表示大家众所周知的理由，从句多位于主句之前，since译为“既然”。如： As I didn’t know the way, I asked a policeman. 我不认识路，因而问警察。 Since traveling by air is much faster, they decided to take a plane. 既然乘飞机旅行快得多，他们就决定坐飞机。 3、for表示的理由是附加的或推断的，并非此原因，通常与主句用逗号隔开，不位于句首，如： He must be not at home, for the telephone isn’t answered. 练习 （一）用because, as, since, for填空 1. We’ll have to go to bed early ________ we’ll start off early tomorrow. 2. ________ you know all about it, tell me please. 3. ________ all the seats were taken, I had to stand. 4. He must be at work, ________ the light in his office is still on. 5. Lily didn’t go to school ________ she was ill. 二、让步状语从句 常用引导词：although, though “尽管虽然” 1、两者通常可互换，在口语中，though较为常见。 I can look after myself, although it won’t be easy for me. 我还是可以照顾自己的，虽然这对我来说并不容易。 Although Kevin is alone, he is very happy at first. 尽管凯文独自一人（在家），但他刚开始还是挺高兴的。 He went on fighting, though he was wounded. 尽管受了伤，他还是继续战斗。 2、although/though和but不能用在同一个句子中；如：
高中英语状语从句讲解汇总 原因从句 除了下面A2，A3中所示各种类型外，这两种从句均可由as或because来引导。但是用as引导原因从句较为稳妥（参见A）；用because引导结果／原因从句较为稳妥（参见B）。 A 原因从句 1 由as／because／since 引导的原因从句： We camped there as／because／since it was too dark to go on． 我们在那里露宿是因为天太黑，不能再继续往前走了。 As／Because／Since it was too dark to go on，we camped there． [ 因为天太黑不能再继续往前走，我们就在那儿露宿了。 2 in view of the fact that可用as／since／seeing that来表示，但不能用because： As／Since／Seeing that you are here，you may as well give me a hand． 既然你在这儿，你就帮我个忙吧。 As／Since／Seeing that Tom knows French，he’d better do the talking． 既然汤姆懂法语，最好让他来谈。 3 在as／since／seeing that意指以前共知的或共知的陈述时，可用if来代替： ~ As／Since／Seeing that／If you don’t like Bill，why did you invite him 既然／如果你不喜欢比尔，你为什么邀请了他 注意：if so的用法： —I hope Bill won’t come． —If so（＝If you hope he won’t come），why did you invite him —我希望比尔别来。 —如果这样（=如果你希望他不来），你为什么邀请了他 关于if＋so／not，参见第347节。 ~ B 结果从句由because或as引导： The fuse blew because we had overloaded the circuit． 保险丝烧断了，因为我们使线路超载了。 He was angry because we were late． 他生气是因为我们来晚了。 As it froze hard that night there was ice everywhere next day． 因为那天晚上冷得厉害，所以第二天到处都是冰。 ~ As the soup was very salty we were thirsty afterwards． 因为这汤很咸，后来我们渴得厉害。
英语让步状语从句用法总结（一） 让步状语从句的用法一（表示“虽然，即使，尽管”） 1. although，though，even though，even if都表示“虽然，即使，尽管”之意，though 和although 语气较弱(其中的though 比although 通俗, 不如although 正式)，even if和even though 带有强调意味而显得语气更强。例如：Although they are poor, they are happy. 虽然他们很穷，但很快乐。天气虽然很冷, 但他没有穿大衣就出去了。即使他们可能不会成功，但他们仍努力尝试。那篇文章虽然很短，但很重要。他好一点了，虽仍未痊愈。即使下雨，她也是走着去工作的。今晚我将去拜访他，即使我只能停留一小会儿。 注意：though 引导的让步状语从句的用法比较特殊，它可以倒装，也可以不倒装，具体用法参见as引导让步状语从句的用法。 2. as引导让步状语从句表示“虽然、即使、尽管”，其引导的让步状语从句必须采用倒装结构，as引导的倒装形式的让步状语从句的基本结构为：形容词/副词/名词(单数可数名词前一般不带冠词，有时也可见单数可数名词前形容词与不定冠词连用、形容词放在不定冠词前)/动词/过去分词＋as＋主语＋谓语的其他部分。注意体会下列典型例句：Great as the author was, he proved a bad model. 这位作者尽管了不起，到头来却成了一个坏榜样。这个故事看似荒唐，却是真的。虽然他很富有，但他并不幸福。倒装时要省去单个名词前的冠词)尽管还是个孩子，他却能分辨黑白。他尽管勇敢，可见到蛇还是发抖。尽管伤势很重，他仍然十分乐观。虽然尽了最大努力，但是他仍然不能搬动那块石头。 ［考题1］We had to wait half an hour ____ we had already booked a table. A. since B. although C. until D. before ［答案］B ［解析］下划线处之后所述的“我们已经预订了一桌”与前面所述的“我们已经不得不等了半个小时”之间语意相反，四个选项中although表示“即便……”，引导让步状语从句最为合适。 ［考题2］____ most of the earth’s surface is covered by water, fresh water is very rare and precious. A. As B. Once C. If D. Although ［答案］D ［解析］句意为：虽然地球表面覆盖着水，但是纯净水仍然很稀有、珍贵。下划线处应引导让步状语从句，填入although最为合适。 ［考题3］____ he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience. A. Since B. Unless C. As D. Although ［答案］D ［解析］下划线处应引导让步状语从句，填入although最为合适。 ［考题4］Although he is considered a great writer, ____. A. his works are not widely read B. but his works are not widely read C. however his works are not widely read D. still his works are not widely read ［答案］A ［解析］英语不允许在连词although、though引导的让步状语从句之后的主句句首重复使用连词，如果要在复合句中强调某种特别的意义，可以在主句的句首加上yet、still等副词。例如：Although she has a lot of money, (yet/still) she is not happy. 虽然她很有钱，但是她并不快乐。
授课内容提纲: 1、复习U4单词,不规则动词。 2、U5语法讲解，练习巩固。 3、中考链接 4、一些易混淆得语法讲解，相应得练习题匚 5、练习巩固提升 一、语法讲解 让步状语从句 though/ although “尽管 ............ 即使.... ” 连接词:although（尽管）,though（尽管）,however（无论怎样），whatever（无论什么），whoever（无论谁）.whomever（无论谁），whichever（无论哪个）.whenever（无论何时）,wherever（无论哪里），whether（就是否人no matter （who, what, where, when, etc）（无论）,even if（即使）,even though（即使）等。 注意：当有though, although时，后面得从句不能有biH,但就是though yet 可连用、这两个连词意思大致相同，在一般悄况下可以互换使用。在口语中'though较常使用although比though正式， Although its raining, they are still working in the field、虽然在下雨■但她们仍在地里干活。 Although/Though he was worn out, （still） he kept on working、 Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain伤口虽愈合■但伤疤留下了 o （谚语）J Although/Though he is very old, （yet） he is quite strong、 He is very old, but he still works very hard、虽然她很老,但仍然努力地工作。 值得注恿:得就是although引导得让步状语从句位于主句之前得悄况较多though 引导得让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。 例如：She Passed the examination though she had not studied very hard、）1、she is young, she knows quite a lot、
（英语）英语状语从句解析版汇编含解析 一、初中英语状语从句 1．He was so busy preparing for the high school entrance exam that . A．he had enough time to watch football matches every day B．he was free enough to go shopping online C．he had no time to do sports every day 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 句意：他忙于准备高中入学考试，以至于他每天都没有时间做运动。 考查结果状语从句。A. 他每天有足够的时间看足球比赛；B. 他有足够的时间去网上购物； C.他每天都没有时间做运动。本句是“so…that”结构，表示“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句；根据“He was so busy preparing for the high school entrance exam”可知没有时间娱乐、购物或做运动，A、B两项不合句意，故选C。 2．The Ita lian woman didn’t feel a culture shock____it was her first time to Shanghai. A．though B．since C．if D．when 【答案】A 【解析】 句意：这个意大利妇女没有感到一种文化冲击，尽管她是第一次来上海。A. though尽管； B. since自从； C. if 是否，如果； D. when当---时候；根据The Italian woman didn’t feel a culture shock这个意大利妇女没有感到一种文化冲击，和it was her first time to Shanghai.她是第一次来上海之间用though 引导让步关系状语从句；故选A 3．—I’m afraid the class has begun.—Don’t worry. It ________ until the bell ________. A．doesn’t begin; rings B．won’t begin; will ring C．won’t begin; rings D．doesn’t begin; will ring 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：-恐怕课已经开始了。一不要担心。直到铃声响了才会开始。前面是主句，会议还没开始，所以用一般将来时；后面是until引导的时间状语从句，所以要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。所以选C。 考点：考查动词时态。 4．I have to leave now __ I can catch the last bus. A．so that B．because of C．until D．as soon as 【答案】A 【解析】
1 The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit ____the season. A whatever B wherever C whenever D however 2 Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, ____they knew it to be valuable. A as if B now that C even though D so that 3 ____I really don't like art, I find his work impressive. A As B Since C If D While 4 ____he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience. A Since B Unless C As D Although 5 ____I have some sympathy for them, I don't think they are right to do so. A As B If C While D When 6 ____the Customs Office, he will have to declare this sort of things he carries with him to the Customs Officer. A No matter who will come through B who come through C No matter whom comes through D Whoever comes through 7 What a tight volleyball game! We lost it ____we all tried our best. A because B though C until D unless 8 This is a very interesting book .I'll buy it , ____. A how much may it cost B no matter how it may cost C however much it may cost D how may it cost 9 All people, ____they are old or young, rich or poor, have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster. A even if B whether C no matter D however
让步状语从句 though, although 注意：当有though, although时，后面的从句不能有but，但是though 和yet可连用Although it's raining, they are still working in the field. 虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。 He is very old, but he still works very hard. 虽然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。 Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain. 伤口虽愈合，但伤疤留下了。（谚语） 典型例题 1）___she is young, she knows quite a lot. A. When B. However C. Although D. Unless 答案：C。意为虽然她很年轻，却知道许多。 2)as, though 引导的倒装句 as / though引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。 Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. = Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do. 注意：a.句首名词不能带任何冠词。 b.句首是实义动词，其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。 Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. = Though he tries hard, he never seems… 虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。 3)ever if, even though.即使 We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad. 4) whether…or-不管……都 Whether you believe it or not, it is true. 5)no matter +疑问词或疑问词+后缀ever No matter what happened, he would not mind. Whatever happened, he would not mind. 替换：no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever no matter which = whichever no matter how = however 注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。
t 状语从句讲解和练习 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等担当 。例如： 1. Naturally , our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call . (副词) 2. We worked hard , from sunrise to sunset . (介词状短语) 3. To help my disabled aunt , I spend an hour working in her house every day . (不定式) 4. Seen from a distance , the farmhouse looked deserted . (过去分词) 5. I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before .（原因状语从句） 状语的位置比较灵活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。enough用作状语修饰形容词和副词时必须后置。 状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、 结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解 和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词 和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下: 1．时间状语从句 常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until 特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , dire ctly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult. While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking. The children ran away from the orchard(果园) the moment they saw the guard. No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain. Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble. 2．地点状语从句 常用引导词：where 特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories. Wherever you go, you should work hard. 3．原因状语从句 常用引导词：because, since, as, since 特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that, My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful. Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference. The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more. Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable. 4．目的状语从句 常用引导词：so that, in order that 特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them. The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly. 5．结果状语从句 常用引导词：so … that, so… that, such … that, 特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that, He got up so early that he caught the first bus. It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it. To such an degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.
Section ⅡGrammar 时间、条件和让步状语从句 时间、条件和让步状语从句在高考中约占3分，考查形式主要有单选、完型填空、语篇填空和改错，主要考察这三种从句中的引导词、谓语动词。 幻灯片3 一、时间状语从句 1．no sooner...than与hardly...when 都表示主句与从句的动作相继发生，意为“一……就……，刚刚……就”，主句动词用过去完成时。如no sooner，hardly位于句首时，主句用倒装形式。 He had hardly gone to bed when the doorbell rang. ＝Hardly had he gone to bed when the doorbell rang. 他刚睡下门铃就响了。 No sooner had he got off the train than his daughter ran towards him. 他刚下火车，他女儿就向他跑了过来。 幻灯片4 2．as soon as，the moment，immediately 引导的从句表示从句动作一发生，主句动作随即发生，常译为“一……就”。名词词组the second，the minute，the moment，every time，any time，next time，the first/last time，the day/week/month等亦可作连词，引导时间状语从句。 They told me about it as soon as/immediately/the moment they got the message.他们一听到口信就把消息告诉了我。 Every time he walked by the lake，he thought of his childhood life.每当他走过那个湖时，就会想起童年的生活。 注意：immediately可用做连词也可用做副词。 幻灯片5 3．till和until 词义是“直到……，一直……为止”，表示一个动作持续到某一时刻或某一动作发生为止，在句首只能用until。在肯定句中，主句中要用延续性动词；在否定句中，可以用非延续性动词。 She stood there till/until he had passed out of sight. 她站在那里看着，直到望不见他的身影。 Until they had finished the work，they did not go home. ＝Not until they had finished the work did they go home. 直到工作完成了他们才回家。 幻灯片6 注意：(1)在not...until结构中not until位于句首时主句部分倒装。在强调句中，强调until引导时间状语时，常把not提前，构成It isn’t/wasn’t until...that...。(2)not...until和not...before意思相同，表示“直到……才，在……以前不”。 幻灯片7
高考英语专项练习之让步状语从句（含答案解析、全国通用） I、单选题(本大题共56小题，共56.0分) 1. ______he is，he will be thinking of you．（） A. What B. Where C. Whether D. Wherever 2. Busy________ she is，Rita________ two hours every Sunday afternoon to spend with her son．（） A. though； sets out B. as； sets aside C. as； sets down D. though； sets off 3. ________you prefer，I'll give it to you．But we haven't any other models for you to choose from．（） A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Whichever D. However 4. ________I accept that he is not perfect，I do actually like the person．（） A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless 5. ________a small number of Australians are bitten by spiders each year，most recover without any medical treatment．（） A. While B. Unless C. When D. Because 6. I had to tell you that you do well in every subject，you won't be elected the monitor．（） A. unless B. if C. because D. when 7. Ten years later I still keep in touch with my classmates ________ I've never met them．（） A. now that B. so that C. even though D. in case 8. The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit ______the season．（） A. whatever B. wherever C. whenever D. however 9. thirsty I am，I never seem to be able to finish the large bottle of Cola placed before me．（） A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Wherever D. However 10. The lawyer rarely wears anything other than jeans and a T-shirt ______ the season．（） A. whatever B. wherever C. whenever D. however 11. Though ______ to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome．（） A. surprise B. was surprised C. surprised D. being surprised 12. All people，________ they are old or young，rich or poor，have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster．（） A. even if B. whether C. no matter D. however 13. Never lose heart，________ difficulty you may meet with in your life．（） A. what B. whatever C. how D. however 14. _____she want to go somewhere； she has to wait her father to drive her．（） A. If B. Until C. Although D. Because 15. It is generally considered unwise to give a child ________ he or she wants．（） A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 16. Although he is considered a great writer，______．（） A. but his works are not widely read B. his works are not widely read C. however，his works are not widely read D. while his works are not widely read 17. No matter how ，it is not necessarily lifeless．（） A. a desert may be dry B. dry a desert may be C. may a desert be dry D. dry may a des ert be 18. Your parents are always there by you，_____you need them． A. whenever B. however C. whatever D. whoever 19. Work_____they might，they didn't get the result they expected．（） A. although B. since C. as D. as though 20. ______busy you are，you should do some reading every day．（） A. Whatever B. However C. Whichever D. Whenever 21. You can smoke here ________ you leave a window open to let the smoke out. A. even though B. so that C. as long as D. in case 22. The old tower must be saved, ________ the cost. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. wherever 23. I promise to make you all proud again in ________ direction life may take me. A. however B. wherever C. whatever D. whenever 24. Unsatisfied ________ with the payment，he took the job just to get some work experience．（） A. though was he B. though he was C. he was though D. was he though 25. _______ I really don't like art，I find his work impressive．（） A. As B. Since C. If D. While 26. ___________，mother will wait for him to have dinner together．（） A. However is he late B. However he is late C. However late is he D. However late he i s 27. ____，he doesn't study well．（）