2012年6月英语四级真题答案完整版
一、作文
On Excessive Packaging
Nowadays the phenomena of excessive packaging of goods are prevailing in our society: clothes swathed in tissue paper, placed in cardboard box and finally wrapped in well-designed plastic bags, imported bottles of grape wine packed in wooden boxes, fruits put in hand-woven baskets, to name but a few.
There are several causes of excessive packaging. The first reason is that a large number of companies believe that they can attract customers’attention and stimulate their purchasing desire by over-packaging their goods, thus gaining more profits. On the other hand, quite a number of consumers mistakenly hold that the more delicate the package is, the better the quality will be, thus encouraging excessive packaging.
In my point of view, excessive packaging has disastrous consequences, including the loss of precious resources, excessive consumption of water and energy, and unnecessary extraction of scarce land for landfill.
To solve the problem, it’s necessary to take the following measures. First, laws and regulations must be made to restrict excessive packaging of companies. In addition, we need to raise consumer’s awareness that excessive packaging doesn’t equal to high quality and advocate packaging recycling.
【解析】
本次作文的话题是“过度包装”，话题不断新，考生应该都比较熟悉。写好本篇作文的关键在于紧跟题目所列提纲：现象——原因——看法和建议，确定相应的写作结构。重点分析产生此现象的原因有哪些，把最重要的两三点罗列下来。最后，根据分析出的原因提供相应的建议。
范文首段开门见山，首先一句话总结如今社会上过度包装现象盛行，而后举出一些实例补充说明。
第二段重点从公司和消费者两方面论述产生过度包装的原因。公司方面是为了吸引顾客，刺
激消费，赢取更多的利润；消费者方面是认为包装越精美，质量越好这种错误的消费意识。
接下来作者表明自己的看法，认为过度包装会导致很多问题：稀缺资源的流失；水，能源的过度消耗以及产生不必要的垃圾场等。
最后一段作者针对原因提出了一些解决方案。第一方面，建立法律规章制度来约束企业的过度包装行为。第二方面，必须让消费者认识到过度包装不等同于高质量，并提倡包装物的回收利用。
本文条理清晰，论述充分，语言使用规范得当，如：to name but a few，the first reason is that…，on the other hand，in my point of view，to solve the problem，first，in addition等。
二、快速阅读
1. D) providing good education for baby boomers.
2. D) Students’ performance declined.
3. D) They are mostly small in size.
4. D) Some large schools have split up into smaller ones.
5. C) their college-level test participation.
6. B) Their school performance was getting worse.
7. A) maintain closer relationships with their teachers.
8. Simplicity
9. different measures
10. tough subjects
三、听力
短对话
11.
M: As you can see from the drawings, the kitchen has one door into the dining room, another into the family room and a third to the outside.
W: The door into the family room isn’t big enough. Could it be made wider?
Q: What are the speakers doing?
【答案】D) Discussing a housing plan.
【解析】此题为简单的推理题。从drawing，kitchen等关键词可知，两人正在看房间的图纸，并讨论希望family room能够再大点。
12.
M: I’m thinking about where to go for a bite tonight. Any suggestions, Barbara?
W: Well, how about the French restaurant near the KFC? Frankly, I’ve had enough of our canteen food.
Q: What do we learn about the woman?
【答案】D) She is tired of the food in the canteen.
【解析】此题为推理题。从对话中可知，男子问女子对于晚上到哪里吃饭有没有任何建议。女子回答去KFC旁边的法国餐厅，因为她已经受够了食堂的食物。
13.
W: Hey, if you can’t enjoy the music at a sensible volume, why not use earphones? I’m preparing for the speech contest.
M: Oh, sorry. I didn’t realize I’ve being bothering you all this time.
Q: What is the man probably doing?
【答案】C) Listening to some loud music.
【解析】此题为较为简单的推理题。从volume，earphone，bother等关键词可知该男子听音乐时把音量调的很高，从而影响到了女子准备演讲比赛。
14.
M: Finally, I’ve got the chance to put on my new suit tonight. I hope to make a good impression on your family.
W: Come on! It’s only a family reunion. So jeans and T-shirts are just fine.
Q: What does the woman mean?
【答案】C) The man can dress casually for the occasion.
【解析】此题为推理题。男子想穿新套装给女方家庭留下好印象，但是女子说这只是个家庭聚会，穿牛仔裤和T恤就行，即穿着随意即可。
15.
M: Would you like to see those pants in brown and navy blue? These two colors are coming in this season.
W: Oh, actually grey is my favourite color, but I prefer something made from cotton, 100% cotton I mean.
Q: What is the woman looking for?
【答案】B) Grey pants made from pure cotton.
【解析】此题为细节题。从关键词pants，grey，100% cotton可知，女子想要的是灰色纯棉的短裤。
16.
W: From here, the mountains look as if you could just reach out and touch them.
M: That’s why I chose this lodge. It has one of the best views in Switzerland.
Q: What is the man’s chief consideration in choosing the lodge?
【答案】C) Its location.
【解析】此题为细节题。男子说他选择这个旅馆的原因是它有着瑞士最好的视野，所以他最在乎的是位置。
17.
M: What do I have to do to apply for a passport?
W: You need proof of citizenship, either an old passport or a birth certificate and three photographs. Then you must complete this form and pay a fee.
Q: What is the man most probably going to do?
【答案】C) Travel overseas.
【解析】此题为推理题。男子询问女子如何申请护照，女子回答时说的出生证，照片等是申请护照的所需用品。
18.
M: Miss, can I interest you in a pork special with serving tonight? It’s only 799, half the usual price and it’s very tasty.
W: Oh really? I will try it.
Q: What does the man say about the dish?
【答案】A) It is a good bargain.
【解析】此题为细节题。男子在给女子推荐时说该道菜今晚的价格是平时的一般，且很好吃，可见十分划算。
Part III Listening Comprehension
Section A
Conversation 1
W：Good evening, and welcome to this week’s business world. The program for and about business people. Tonight we have Mr. Steven Kayne, who has just taken over and established bicycle shop. Tell us, Mr. Kayne, what made you want to run your own store?
M: Well, I always loved racing bikes and fixing them. When I was working full-time as a salesman for a big company, I seldom had time to enjoy my hobby.
I knew then that as soon as I had enough money to get my own business going, I’ll do it. I had my heart set on it and I didn’t let anything stand in my way. When I went down to the bank and got a business loan, I knew I’d love being my own boss. Now my time is my own. I open the store when I want and leave when I want.
W:You mean you don’t keep regular hours?
M: Well, the sign on my store says the hours are ten to six, but if business is slower than usual, I can just lock up and take off early.
W: Had you hired any employees to work with you yet?
M: Yeah, a couple of friends of mine who love biking as much as I do. They help me out a few days a week. It’s great because we play cards or just sit around and talk when there are no customers.
W: Thank you, Mr. Kayne. We wish you success in your new business.
Q19.what is the woman doing?
Q20.What did Mr. Kayne do before he took over the bicycle shop?
Q21.Why did the man take over a bicycle shop?
Q22.What do we learn about the people working in the shop?
答案：
19. D Hosting an evening TV program.
20. A He worked as a salesman.
21. B He found it more profitable.
22. A They are all the man’s friends.
Conversation 2
W: Well, the main activities in the region were historically steel and paper processing, I think.
M: Yes, but I’m not quite sure about the status of those industries now. Could you tell us something about that?
W: Yes, of course. In fact, they are less significant, but steel-related manufacturing still accounts for 44% of industrial activity. So it’s still very important. In fact, 80% of Spain’s machine tools are from the Basque country. As for paper processing, there’s still a little. But it’s no longer what it once was in the region. So, is that clear?
M: Yes, thanks.
W: Now, to get back to what I was saying, there’s a lot of unemployment as well as geographical problems in the region.
M: Sorry, Victoria. What do you mean by geographical problems?
W: Well, what I mean is the area is very hilly, mountainous in parts. So there used to be transport problems, now though there are new train links and better roads, but it may be that some smaller towns inland remain not very well connected, is that OK? Does that make sense? When we talk about specific location suggestions for the factory, we’ll see this in more detail, so we’ll come
back to this question, OK?
M: OK, right.
W: So I was about to say something about the work force in the region and the level of training and education. In general, it’s very good and improving.
Question 23-25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
23. What does the woman say about the steel-related manufacturing in the region?
24. What problems hinder the region’s development?
25. What will the speakers discuss later?
答案：
23. B It remains a major part of industrial activity.
24. C Transport problems.
25. C Possible locations for a new factory.
Part III Listening Comprehension
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
答案
Passage one
Q26: B. They had known each other since childhood
Q27: B. At Joe’s house
Q28: A. Social divisions will break down if people get to know each other.
Passage two
Q29: A. In his building’s parking lot
Q30: A. It had been stolen by someone
Q31: B. In the city garage
Passage three
Q32: D. The mysteriousness of creativity
Q33: A. It is the source of all artistic work
Q34: D. Creative imagination
Q35: A. It is part of everyday life
复合式听写
【答案】
36. calculators
37. handle
38. items
39. Responding
40. emergencies
41. rarely
42. occur
43. murders
44. there have been hundreds of thefts and cases of deliberate damaging of public property
45. Things get stolen when it is easy to steal them because they are left lying around unwatched
46. A better way to solve this problem might be for all of us to be more careful with our things
【解析】
这篇文章谈论的是校园盗窃。从校园相关话题的角度而言，复合式听写的内容非常贴近生活，是考生所熟悉的。具体听写内容，单词仍然以一句话的主干内容为主，即名词和动词；而句子听写的长度和停顿间隔仍与往年一致，即18词左右，且每句间隔1-2句。所以，复合式听写难度与往年持平。但是考生们应考和平时听写时，都需要特别注意细节，如名词复数的变化，emergency的复数emergencies；难词的拼写calculator（计算器）、theft（盗窃）。
四、阅读
47. E. domestic
48. C. communities
49. O. survive
50. H. gather
51. M. serves
52. N. surroundings
53. J. recession
54. K. reported
55. I. households
56. F. financially
【解析】
这篇文章选自Time杂志，讲述的是美国采取了一系列的食品援助行动为低收入者提供食物，经济萧条让越来越多的人陷入温饱危机，其中甚至包括有工作的人。
文章思路比较清晰，理解起来并不难。选项中也没有易混淆的干扰项，考生只要把握文章的主线，注意通过词性排除选项，很容易得出答案。
57. In the initial stage, the current economic crisis is likely to _______.
A. tear many troubled families apart
B. bring about a drop in the divorce rate
C. cause a lot of conflicts in the family
D. contribute to enduring family ties
58. In the Great Depression many unhappy couples chose to stick together because _______
A. starting a new family would be hard
B. they wanted to better protect their kids
C. living separately would be too costly
D. they expected things would turn better
59. In addition to job losses, what stands in the way of unhappy couples getting
a divorce?
A. A sense of insecurity.
B. Mounting family debts.
C. Difficulty in getting a loan.
D. Falling housing prices.
60. What will the current economic crisis eventually do to married couples?
A. It will force them to pull their efforts together.
B. It will undermine their mutual understanding.
C. It will irreparably damage their relationship.
D. It will help strengthen their emotional bonds.
61. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. A stable family is the best protection against poverty.
B. Money is the foundation of many a happy marriage.
C. Few couples can stand the test of economic hardships.
D. The economic recovery will see a higher divorce rate.
【点评】：这篇文章来源于2009年5月的《纽约时报》（原文地址：https://www.doczj.com/doc/461018601.html,/2009/05/29/opinion/29cherlin.html
），题目为Married With Bankruptcy。这里有删减。文章分析了经济危机给夫妇带来的影响，指出经济危机不会提高离婚率并分析了几个原因，如夫妇无法承担离婚的成本，房价下降等等。文章最后三段指出虽然不会离婚，但夫妻的这种关系也不会维持太久，经济危机的考验要到经济复苏时期才能显现出来。
答案：
57. B. bring about a drop in the divorce rate
58. C. living separately would be too costly
59. D. Falling housing prices.
60. C. It will irreparably damage their relationship.
61. D. The economic recovery will see a higher divorce rate.
62. D) It profits by selling its user’s personal data.
63. C) They don’t know their personal data enriches Facebook.
64. C) To render better service to its users.
65. B) Formulating regulations for social-networking sites.
66. C) He doesn’t want his personal data abused.
点评：
文章的主题围绕当下很受欢迎的社交网站Facebook，揭露其将用户资料出售给广告商。而大多数用户并未意识到这一点，因为他们并没有意识到个人资料的重要性。作者的态度和立场非常鲜明，并表示考虑注销自己的账户。
五、完形填空
67. C avoid
68. B however
69. D failing
70. C stages
71. A on
72. A predicts
73. A through
74. B and
75. B sensitive
76. D experience
77. B as well as
78. C emotions
79. D to
80. A inevitable
81. D receive
82. A with
83. D quality
84. B positive
85. A memories
86. B increased
六、翻译
87. Those flowers looked as if they hadn't been watered for a long time(好长时间没有浇水了).
【点评】they即flowers做主语，用被动语态。一段时间应用完成时，looked过去式相比，后面应该过去完成时。
88. Fred bought a car last week. It is ￡1,000 cheaper than mine(比我的车便宜一千英镑).
【点评】简单的比较级，cheaper than。不需要重复car，直接用mine代替my car.
89. This TV program is quite boring. We might as well listen to the music (不妨听听音乐).
【点评】might as well“不妨”，原句中有might。listen to the music，听音乐。
90. He left his office in a hurry, with lights on and doors open(灯亮着，门开着).
【点评】with短语做伴随状语，逻辑主语和表语之间的系动词省略。
91.The famous novel is said to have been translated into multiple languages(已经被译成多种语言).
【点评】be said to后面跟动词原型，“已经被译”，用完成时被动语态have been translated，介词用into。
2012年度环境形响评价工程师职业资格考试试卷 环境影响评价案例分析试卷评分标准 一、 1、（6分） 监测因子:SO2、 NO2、 TSP, PM10、苯、甲苯.二甲苯、非甲烷总烃（1分，写出2个监测因子即可，每个给0.5分，） 监测布点:至少布设6个点（0.5分）上风向（西北）布设1个点（0.5分）西北向的商住区布设1个点（0.5分）东北方向（0.5分）西南方向各布1个点（0.5分）东南向布设2个点（0.5分）（没有给出具体方位的不给分） 监测时间:不利季节（冬季）的7天监测代表性有效性数据（2分） 2、（5分） 废水污染源:脱脂槽（1分）磷化槽（1分）水洗槽1、2、3（1分） 主要污染因子:PH、COD、石油类，镍、锌、磷酸盐（2分，每个0.5分，给出2个以上得满分，出现一个错误，该小题不给分） 3、（5分） 晾干工序有机物产生量: 4kg/h（2分） 晾干室有机物去除率: 87. 3%（3分） （给出结果且正确的得满分，计算过程正确，结果错误给一半分） 4、（4分） 分析污水处理厂处理能力（2分）污水处理厂的接管要求（2分） 二、 1、（6分） 混合处理不妥（2分）反渗透浓水含有重金属Cu, Zn，易在车间处理设施排放口处理后达标排放（1分）粗化固化工段废气治理废水的pH值不稳定，应中和预处理（1分）一级离子交换树脂再生产生废水中含有Cr第一类污染物，必须在车间处理设施排放口处理，达标后排放（2分） 2、（3分） 水重复利用率=64. 5%（给出结果且正确的得满分，计算过程正确，结果错误给一半分） 3、（5分） 排放的污染物种类（1分）排放浓度（1分）排放速率（1分）排气筒高度及周边半径200m 范围内建筑物的最高高度（2分） 4、（6分） 粗化固化槽液（1.5分）灰化槽液（1.5分）钝化槽液（1.5分）废树指（1.5分） 三、 1、（5分） 工艺废水经混凝沉淀处理达标排入污水处理厂不妥（1.5分）地面冲洗水直接排入城市污水处理厂不妥（1.5分）采用“旋风+水喷淋”或布袋除尘中的“旋风+水喷淋”除尘除尘效率低，不能达标排放（1分）制板槽工段含铅废气排放速率未达标排放（1分） 2、（5分） 现有工程存在的环境问题（1分） 现有工程与改扩工程的依托关系（1分） 现有工程及改扩建工程工艺流程及产污环节、污染源及强度、污染物排放方式（1分）改扩建工程建拟采取环境保护措施及有效性（1分） 改扩建工程达标排放及总量控制（1分）
2012年一级建造师职业资格考试 《建设工程项目管理》试题答案及详细解析 一、单项选择题 1.根据《建设项目工程总承包管理规范》（GB/T50538-2005），不属于工程总承包方项目管理内容的是（）。P15 A.任命项目经理 B.组织项目部 C.确定项目建设资金 D.实施设计管理 答案：C 2.按国际工程管理，应当采用指定分包商时，应对分包合同规定的工期和质量目标向业主负责的是（）。P15 A.业主 B.监理方 C.指定分包商 D.施工总承包管理方 答案：D 3.编制项目管理工作任务分工表，首先要做的工作是（）。P28 A.进行项目管理任务的详细分解 B.绘制工作流程图 C.明确项目管理工作部门的工作任务 D.确定项目组织结构 答案：A 4.下列组织工具图，表示的是（）。 A.项目结构图 B.工作流程图 C.组织结构图 D.合同结构图 答案：A 5.关于项目实施阶段策划的说法，正确的是（）。P39 A.策划是一个封闭性的、专业性强的工作流程 B.项目目标的分析和再论证是其基本内容之一 C.项目实施阶段策划的主要任务是进行项目实施的管理策划 D.实施阶段策划的范围和深度有明确的统一规定 答案：B 6.有组织有计划开展内部质量审核活动的目的之一是（）。P168 A.记载关键活动的质量参数 B.反应针对不足所采用的纠正措施及纠正效果
C.证明产品质量达到合同要求及质量保证的满足程度 D.向外部审核单位提供系统有效的证据 答案：D 7.建设工程招标投标过程中，自投标截止时间到投标有效期终止之前，关于投标文件处理的说法，正确的是（）。 A.投标人可以替换已提交的投标文件 B.投标人可以补充或修改已提交的投标文件 C.投标人在该期间送达的，也视为有效 D.投标人撤回投标人见的，其投标保证金将被没收 7.关于因果分析图法应用的说法，正确的是（）。P189 A.一张因果分析图法可以分析多个质量问题 B.通常采用QC小组活动的方式进行 C.具有直观，主次分明的特点 D.可以了解质量统计表数据的分布特征 答案：B 8.根据《建筑工程质量验收统一标准》（GB50300-2001），对涉及结构安全功能的重要分部工程应进行（）。P180 A.化学成分测定 B.抽样检测 C.破损性试验 D.观感质量验收 答案：B 9.施工承包企业将其承接的高速公路项目的目标总成本，分解为桥梁工程成本、隧道工程成本、道路工程成本等子项，并编制相应的成本计划。这是按（）编制的成本计划。 A.成本组成 B.项目组成 C.工程类别 D.工程性质 10.下列合同形式中，承包人承担风险最大的合同类型是（）。P276 A.固定总价合同 B.固定单价合同 C.成本加固定费用合同 D.最大成本加费用合同 答案：A 11.建设项目各参与方应分别进行不同层次和范围的建设工程项目质量控制体系，建立建设工程项目质量控制体系时（）原则的体现。P153 A.分解 B.质量责任制 C.有效性 D.分层次规划 答案：D 12.建设工程项目进度控制工作包括：1.编制进度计划；2.调整进度计划；3.进度目标的分析和论证；4.跟中检查计划的执行情况，其正确的工作程序是（）。P142 A.1234 B.3124 C.3142 D.4231 答案：C
2012年6月A级试卷 16. She was quite sure that she ________ the door before she left the office. A) will lock B) would lock C) has locked D) had locked 17. In fact, there are different reasons ________ people are working long hours. A) where B) which C) why D) how 18. Broadband (宽带) connections are widely available now, ________ makes online shopping much easier. A) what B) whatever C) who D) which 19. The manager decided to continue the sales for________ two weeks because of the large stock of goods. A) other B) another C) the other D) others 20. We don’t have to hurry as the bus ________ for London at five in the evening. A) leaves B) left C) has been leaving D) has left 21. ________ great losses in the financial crisis, the company closed down last year. A) Being suffered B) To suffer C) Having suffered D) Suffered 22. Last week two engineers ________ to help solve the technical problems of the project. A) have sent B) were sent C) sent D) had sent 23. You have to work in this position for two years ________ getting promoted. A) on B) since C) with D) before 24. Please feel free to tell us ________ you think about our program so that we can benefit from your views and experience. A) what B) that C) if D) lest 25. The company is offering a five percent discount to customers as a way ________ its online sales. A) promoting B) promoted C) to promote D) promotes Section B 26. I am (please) __________ to inform you that you have won the first prize. 27. The expert made a very (help) __________ suggestion for the project. 28. I am told that Mr. Smith has refused (work) __________ in the Human Resources Department. 29. The manager promised that the customer’s complaint would (look into) __________ as soon as possible. 30. Consumers have become less interested in 3D TV at home, partly because of (have) ________ to wear special glasses. 31. Those who get nervous (easy) __________ may try Taiji, which relaxes the mind and strengthens the body. 32. According to a report (publish) __________ yesterday, an increasing number of young people are involved in community activities. 33. We are informed that all the materials (arrive) __________ in the port of Chicago by now. 34. Greatly (encourage) _________ by his friends, Jack has signed up for the singing competition. 35. In his speech the manager expressed his thanks to those who have made their (contribute) __________ to the company.
2012年案例考试真题及答案 第1题：案例分析题(案例)(本题:20分) 某实施监理的工程,监理合同履行过程中发生以下事件。 事件1：监理规划中明确的部分工作如下： (1)论证工程项目总投资目标； (2)制订施工阶段资金使用计划； (3)编制由建设单位供应的材料和设备的进场计划； (4)审查确认施工分包单位； (5)检查施工单位试验室试验设备的计量检定证明； (6)协助建设单位确定招标控制价； (7)计量已完工程； (8)验收隐蔽工程； (9)审核工程索赔费用； (10)审核施工单位提交的工程结算书； (11)参与工程竣工验收； (12)办理工程竣工备案。 事件2：建设单位提出要求：总监理工程师应主持召开第一次工地会议、每周一次的工地例会以及所有专业性监理会议，负责编制各专业监理实施细则，负责工程计量，主持整理监理资料。 事件3：项目监理机构履行安全生产管理的监理职责，审查了施工单位报送的安全生产相关资料。
事件4：专业监理工程师发现，施工单位使用的起重机械没有现场安装后的验收合格证明，随即向施工单位发出监理工程师通知单。 问题： 1.针对事件1中所列的工作，分别指出哪些属于施工阶段投资控制工作，哪些属于施工阶段质量控制工作；对不属于施工阶段投资、质量控制工作的，分别说明理由。 2.指出事件2中建设单位所提要求的不妥之处,写出正确做法。 3.事件3中，根据《建设工程安全生产管理条例》，项目监理机构应审査施工单位报送资料中的哪些内容？ 4.事件4中，监理工程师通知单应对施工单位提出哪些要求？ 答疑：参考答疑： 1. (1)属于施工阶段投资控制工作的有：（2）、（7）、（9）、（10）； (2)属于施工阶段质量控制工作的有：（4）、（5）、（8）。 (3)第（1）项工作属于设计阶段投资控制工作。第（3）项工作属于施工阶段进度控制工作。第（6）项工作属于施工招标阶段的工作。 第（11）、（12）项工作属于工程竣工阶段的工作。 2.事件2中的不妥之处及正确做法。 (1)不妥之处：总监理工程师应主持召开第一次工地会议。
2012年一级建造师公路工程考试真题及答案 一、单项选择题（共20题，每题1分。每题的备选项中，只有1个最符合题意） 1.可直接用作路堤填料的是（）。 A.石质土 B.粉质土 C.重黏土 D.电石渣 2.关于雨期开挖路堑的说法，正确的是（）。 A.挖方边坡宜一次挖到设计标高 B.炮眼应尽量水平布置 C.边坡应按设计坡度自下而上层层削坡 D.土质路堑挖至离设计标高20cm时应停止开挖 3.为保护开挖界限以外山体，使拟爆体与山体分开，可采用的爆破方法是（）。 A.预裂爆破 B.光面爆破 C.微差爆破 D.洞室爆破 4.宜修建加筋土挡墙的路段是（）。 A.挖方路段 B.地形陡峭的山坡路段 C.半填半挖路段 D.地形平坦宽阔的填方路段 5.沥青贯入式路面的施工工序代码如下：①撒布主层集料；②浇洒第一层沥青；③采用6～8t钢轮压路机碾压；④撒布第一层嵌缝料；⑤采用8～12t钢轮压路机碾压。上述5道工序正确的施工顺序是（）。 A.②→①→④→③→⑤ B.②→①→③→④→⑤ C.①→③→②→④→⑤ D.①→⑤→②→④→③ 8t压路机碾压2～4遍。 6.沥青路面结构中垫层的主要作用是（）。 A.承重、排水、隔水、透水 B.排水、隔水、防冻、防污 C.承重、耐磨、排水、隔水 D.耐磨、防热、排水、透水 7.关于热拌沥青混凝土混合料压实的说法，错误的是（）。 A.碾压分为初压、复压和终压 B.为保证沥青混合料碾压过程中不粘轮，可以采用雾状喷水法喷水碾压 C.边角部分压路机碾压不到的位置，采用人工静压 D.碾压进行中，压路机不得中途停留、转向 8.可采用沥青混凝土摊铺机铺筑的水泥混凝土路面是（）。 A.钢筋混凝土路面 B.装配式混凝土路面 C.碾压混凝土路面 D.钢纤维混凝土路面 9.下列桩基类型中，不属于按桩的使用功能分类的是（）。 A.端承摩擦桩 B.竖向受荷桩 C.水平受荷桩 D.复合受荷桩 10.桥梁混凝土浇筑时，若施工缝为斜面，则施工缝应（）。 A.浇筑成或凿成台阶状 B.设置止水带 C.及时修整抹光 D.补插拉杆 11.关于应力钢绞线进场检测验收的说法，正确的是（）。 A.每批进行拉力和冷弯试验 B.每批进行抗拉强度和弯曲试验 C.每批进行长度与直径偏差及力学性能试验 D.每批进行表面质量、直径偏差和力学性能试验 12.当混凝土发生离析、泌水严重时，需进行二次搅拌。关于“二次搅拌”的正确的是（）。
Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the \answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Example: Y ou will hear: Y ou will read: A)2 hours. B)3 hours. C)4 hours. D)5 hours. From the conversation we know that the two are talking about some work they will start at 9 o"clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon.Therefore, D)“5 hours”is the correct answer.Y ou should choose ［D］on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre. Sample Amswer［A］［B］［C］［D］ 1.A)It"s far from being ready yet. B)It contains some valuable ideas. C)She needs another week to get it ready. D)It has nothing to do with the Internet. 2.A)The woman is a kind hearted boss. B)The woman is strict with her employees. C)The man always has excuses for being late. D)The man"s alarm clock didn"t work that morning. 3.A)The bank near the railway station closes late. B)The bank around the corner is not open today. C)The womon should try her luck in the bank nearby. D)The woman should use dollars instead of pounds. 4.A)Wait for about three minutes. B)Try dialing the number again. C)Call again some thme later. D)Make an appontment with Dr.Chen. 5.A)He felt upset because of her failure. B)He believes she will pass the test this time. C)He is sure they will succeed in the next test. . D)He did no better than the woman in the test. 6.A)The man thinks the woman can earn the credits B)The woman is begging the man tio let her pass the exam. C)The woman has to attend a summer course to graduate. D)The woman is going to graduate from summer school. 7.A)Fred likes the beautiful scenery along the way to Canada. B)Fred usually flies to Canada with Jane.
2012年造价工程师考试案例分析真题及答案解析 试题一（20分）： 项目建设投资3000万，建设期2年，运营期8年。其他有关资料和基础数据如下： 1.建设投资预计全部形成固定资产，固定资产使用年限为8年，残值率为5%，采用直线法折旧。 2.建设投资来源为资本金和贷款，其中贷款本金为1800万元，贷款年利率为6%，按年计息。贷款在两年内均衡 投入。 3.在生产运营期前4年按照等额还本付息方式偿还贷款。 4.生产运营期第一年由资本金投入300万元作为生产运营期间的流动资金。 5.项目生产运营期正常年份营业收入为1500万元，经营成本为680万元，生产运营期第一年营业收入和经营成 本均为正常年份的80%，第2年起各年营业收入和营业成本均达到正常年份水平。 6.项目所得税税率为25%，营业税金及附加税率为6%。 问题： 1.列式计算项目的年折旧额。 2.列式计算项目生产运营期第1年、第2年应偿还的本息额。 3.列式计算项目生产运营期第1年、第2年的总成本费用。 4.判断项目生产运营期第1年末项目还款资金能否满足约定还款方式要求，并通过列式计算说明理由。 5.列式计算项目正常年份的总投资收益率。 （计算结果均保留两位小数）
题一【参考答案】 问题1：计算年折旧。 首先需要计算固定资产原值，固定资产原值=建设投资+建设期贷款利息 建设期贷款利息的计算如下： 第一、二年贷款本金为1800/2=900万元 第一年贷款利息：900/2×6%=27万元 第二年贷款利息：（900+27+900/2）×6%=82.62万元 建设期利息合计：82.62+27=109.62万元 年折旧费：（3000＋109.62）×（1-5%）/8=369.27万元 问题2：计算第一、二年的还本付息额。 第3年初贷款本息合计： 1800+27+82.62=1909.62万元 第1、2年应还本付息为： 1909.62×（1+6%）4×6%/[（1+6%）4-1]=551.10万元 问题3：计算第一、二年总成本费用。 总成本=经营成本+折旧+摊销+利息支出 运营第1年总成本：680×80%+369.27+114.58=1027.85万元 运营第2年总成本：680+369.27+88.39=1137.66万元 问题4：第一年能否归还贷款，计算并说明。 偿债备付率=（息税折旧摊销前利润-所得税）/应还本付息的金额 利润=营业收入-营业税金及附件-总成本=1500×0.8×（1-6%）-1027.85=100.15 万元 所得税=利润总额×所得税税率=100.15×25%=25.04 万元 息税折旧摊销前利润-所得税=营收-营税及附加-经营成本-所得税 =1500×0.8×（1-6%）-680×0.8-25.04=558.96万元应还本付息551.10万 偿债备付率558.96/551.10=1.01>1，满足还偿条件。 算法2：净利润＋折旧＋利息＝75.11+369.27+114.58=558.96万元问题5：正常年份的总投资收益率。 总投资收益率=息税前利润/总投资 息税前利润=营业收入-营业税金及附加-经营成本-折旧 =1500-1500×6%-680-369.27=360.73万元 总投资=建设投资+建设期利息+流动资金 3000+109.62+300=3409.62万元 总投资收益率：360.73/3409.62=10.58%
2011年一级建造师《水利水电》考试真题及答案 来源：建造师网2012年03月02日 建造师云端手机客户软件，海量习题免费做，快捷方便，欢迎点击下载！ 2011年全国注册一级建造师考试水利水电工程管理与实务 一、单项选择题(共20题，每题l分。每题的备选项中，只有l个最符合题意) 1.填筑土石坝的黏性土料含水量偏低时，应优先考虑在（）加水。 A.运离料场前 B.铺料前 C.整平前 D.压实前 2.某水闸底板混凝土采用平浇法施工，最大混凝土块浇筑面积400m2，浇筑层厚40cm，混凝土初凝时间按3h计，混凝土从出机口到浇筑入仓历时30min。则该工程拌合站小时生产能力最小应为（）m3/h。 A.64 B.70.4 C.320 D.352 3.根据《水工混凝土施工规范》(DL／T 5144—2001)，混凝土养护时间不宜少于（）d。 A.7 B.14 C.21 D.28 4.根据《水工碾压混凝土施工规范》(DL／T 5112—2000)，碾压混凝土压实质量的评价指标是（）。 A.最大干密度 B.压实重度 C.相对密实度 D.相对密度 5.低水头、大流量水电站，通常选用（）水轮机。 A.双击式 B.贯流式 C.斜流式 D.混流式 6.土坝工程施工期间的垂直位移观测宜采用（）。 A.交会法 B.水准观测法 C.活动觇牌法 D.视准线法 7.某水利工程浆砌石围堰级别为4级，相应围堰洪水标准应为（）年一遇。 A.5～3 B.10～5
C.20～10 D.50～20 8.某基坑地下含水层为颗粒较粗的砂砾地层，施工期降低其地下水位宜采用（）排水法。 A.管井 B.真空井点 C.喷射井点 D.电渗井点 9.泄洪隧洞衬砌混凝土与围岩之间空隙的灌浆方式属于（）灌浆。 A.帷幕 B.接触 C.固结 D.回填 10.与深孔爆破法比较，浅孔爆破具有（）的特点。 A.单位体积岩石相应钻孔工作量小 B.单位耗药量低 C.生产效率高 D.便于控制开挖面形状 11.某水库大坝工程存在较严重安全隐患，不能按设计要求正常运行。其安全状况应定为（）类。 A.一 B.二 C.三 D.四 12.经评审的最低投标价法中，不能作为价格折算评审因素的是（）。 A.付款条件 B.单价遗漏 C.技术偏差 D.财务状况 13.《水利工程建设重大质量与安全事故应急预案》属于（）应急预案。 A.地方 B.专项 C.部门 D.企业 14.根据《水利水电工程施工质量检验与评定规程》(SL 176—2007)，分部工程质量优良，其单元工程优良率至少应在（）以上。 A.50％ B.60％ C.70％ D.80％ 15.水利工程基本建设项目竣工财务决算应由（）编制。 A.项目法人 B.设计单位
2012年硕士研究生入学考试 管理类专业硕士综合能力真题及参考答案 说明：由于2012年试题为一题多卷，因此现场试卷中的选择题部分，不同考生有不同顺序。请在核对答 案时注意题目和选项的具体内容。 一、问题求解：第1~15小题，每小题3分，共45分。下列每题给出的A 、B 、C 、D 、E 五个选项中，只有一项是符合试题要求的。请在答题卡．．．上将所选项的字母涂黑。 1.某商品的定价为200元，受金融危机的影响，连续两次降价20%后的售价为 （A ）114元 （B ）120元 （C ）128元 （D ）144元 （E ）160元 2.如图1 ?ABC 是直角三角形，1S 2S 3S 为正方形，已知 a ， b ， c ，分别是1S 2S 3S 的边长，则 （A ） a=b+c (B) a 2 =b 2 +c 2 (C) a 2 =2b 2 +2c 2 (D) a 3 =b 3 +c 3 (E) a 3 =2b 3 +2c 3 图1 3. 如图2，一个储物罐的下半部分是底面直径与高均是20m 的圆柱形、 上半部分（顶部）是半球形，已知底面与顶部的造价是400元/m 2 ， 侧面的造价是300元/ m 2 ,该储物罐的造价是。（≈π 3.14） （A ）56.52万元 （B ） 62.8万元 （C ）75.36万元 （D ）87.92万元 （E ）100.48万元 图2 4. 在一次商品促销活动中，主持人出示一个9位数，让顾客猜测商品的价格，商品的价格是该9位数中从左到右相邻的3个数字组成的3位数，若主持人出示的是513535319，则顾客一次猜中价格的概率是 （A ） 71 （B ） 61 （C ）51 （D ） 72 （E ）3 1 5. 某商店经营15种商品，每次在橱窗内陈列5种，若每两次陈列的商品不完全相同，则最多可陈列 （A ）3000次 （B ） 3003次 （C ）4000次 （D ） 4003次 （E ）4300次 6. 甲、乙、丙三个地区的公务员参加一次测评，其人数和考分情况如下表：
2012年环评案例真题及答案 第一题 某汽车制造集团公司拟在A市工业园区内新建年产10万辆乘用车整车制造项目。建设内容包括冲压、焊接、涂装、总装、发动机（含机加工、装配）五大生产车间和公用工程及辅助设施，项目建设期为两年。 涂装车间前处理生产线生产工艺为：工件→脱脂槽→水洗槽1→磷化槽→水洗槽2→水洗槽3。脱脂剂主要成分为碳酸钠：磷化剂为锌镍系磷化剂。脱脂槽配置油水分离装置，磷化槽有沉渣产生。各槽定期清洗或更换槽液。 面漆生产线生产工艺为：喷漆→晾干→烘干。面漆为溶剂漆，烘干以天然气做燃料。晾干工序的晾干室工艺废气产生量为20000m3/d初始有机物浓度 200mg/m3。 根据生产废水特性，涂装车间设废水预处理站。各车间生产废水和厂区生活污水一并送全场综合废水处理站处理。处理后的废水再经工业园区污水处理厂处理达标后排入甲河。 拟建厂址位于A市工业园区西北部，占地面积64hm2。该地区年平均风速1.85m/s，主动风向为西北风。厂址西北方向距离商住区约5Km。 工业园区按规划进行基础设施建设，市政污水管网已建成，污水处理厂正在建设中，一年后投入运行。 该项目大气评价等级为二级。 问题： 1、给出拟建工程环境空气现状检测方案的主要内容。 2、指出前处理生产线的废水污染源和废水主要污染因子。 3、计算面漆生产线晾干室活性炭再生废气焚烧有机物排放量和晾干室有机 物去除率。 4、判断工业废水是否可送工业园区污水处理厂进行处理，应从哪些方面分 析？ 二、参考答案 1、给出拟建工程环境空气现状监测方案的主要内容。 （1）监测因子：SO 2，NO 2 ，TSP，PM 10 ，苯、甲苯，二甲苯、非甲烷总烃。 （2）监测布点：6个点，极坐标布点法。具体布点方法是：在拟建项目所在地布设1个点，项目西北向的商住区布设1个点、项目的东北方向、西南方向各布1个点，项目的东南向布设2个点。 （3）监测时间（制度）：不利季节监测7天，SO 2，NO 2 每天采样时间为测 18小时，TSP，PM 10每天采样时间为12小时，SO 2 、NO 2 、TSP、PM 10 每天采样时段 至少于02，08，14，20时进行。苯系物、非甲烷总烃按相关监测方法进行。 （4）监测时段必需同步进行常规地面气象观测资料。 2、指出前处理生产线的废水污染源和废水主要污染因子。 （1）废水污染源：脱脂槽、水洗槽1、磷化槽、水洗槽2、水洗槽3。 （2）废水主要污染因子：pH、COD、石油类、镍、锌、磷酸盐。 3、计算面漆生产线晾干室活性炭再生废气焚烧有机物排放量和晾干室有机物去除率。 （1）晾干工序有机物产生量：20000×200×10-6=4kg/h；
一、单项选择题（共20题，每题1分，每题的备选项中，只有1个最符合题意） 1.直接埋地敷设的照明电缆，应选用（）型电缆 A.VV B.VV22 C.VV32 D.YJV32 答案： B P4 解析： VV 22、YJV22型： 内钢带铠装电力电缆，能承受一定的机械外力作用，但不能承受大的拉力，可直接敷设在地上。难易程度： ★★ 2.下列参数中，属于风机的主要性能参数是（） A.流量、风压、比转速 B.流量、暖气压力、转速 C、功率、暖气压力、比转速 D、功率、扬程、转速 答案：
解析： 风机的性能参数主要有： 流量、风压、功率、效率、转速、比转速。难易程度： ★★ 3.大型塔器安装中，测量的控制重点是（） A.安装基准线 B.安装标高基准点 C.垂直度 D.安装测量控制网 答案： C P14 解析： 大型静置设备安装测量控制的重点是对垂直度的测量。难易程度：★★ 4、其中吊装作业所使用的钢丝绳是由（）制成的。 A.高碳钢 B.中碳钢 C.低碳钢 D.合金钢 答案：
解析： 钢丝绳是由高碳钢丝制成。难易程度： ★★ 5.只适用于长缝焊接的焊机是（） A.交流焊机 B.直接焊机 C.埋弧焊机 D.气体保护焊机 答案： C P26 解析： 埋弧焊可以采用较大的焊接电流。埋弧焊最大的优点是焊接速度高，焊缝质量好，特别适合于焊接大型工件的直缝和环缝。难易程度： ★★ 6.下列说法中，符合成套配电装置柜体安装要求的是（） A.成列配电柜共用一根接地线与基础型钢连接 B.柜体安装垂直度允许偏差不应大于 1.5% C.成列盘线偏差不应大于3mm D.成列配电柜相互间接缝不应大于2mm
PART I DICTATION [15 MIN] Listen to the following passage．Altogether the passage will be read to you four times．During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning．For the second and third readings，the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase，with intervals of 15 seconds．The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work．You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more．Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE． PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN] In Sections A,B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow．Mark the best answer to each question on Answer Sheet Two． SECTION A CONVERSATIONS In this section you will hear several conversations．Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow． Questions l to 3 are based on the following conversation．At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions．Now, listen to the conversation. l．The Ethical Consumer Research Association will provide information to shoppers on A．product price． B．product quality． C．manufacturers． D．production methods． 2．According to the conversation，an ethical shopper should A．ask for others?advice before buying things． B．consider the worth of something to be bought． C．postpone buying things whenever possible． D．search for things that are less costly．
2012年6月大学英语四级考试真题试题及答案解析(完整版) Part ⅠWriting (30minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Excessive Packaging following the outline given below. Y ou should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. 1.目前许多商品存在过度包装的现象 2.出现这一现象的原因 3.我对这一现象的看法和建议 On Excessive Packaging Part ⅡReading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning)(15minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet 1. For questions 1-7,choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C)and D). For questions 8-10,complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Small Schools Rising This year?s list of the top 100 high school s shows that today, those with fewer students are flourishing. Fifty years ago, they were the latest thing in educational reform: big, modern, suburban high schools with students counted in the thousands. As baby boomers(二战后婴儿潮时期出生的人) came of high-school age, big schools promised economic efficiency. A greater choice of courses, and, of course, better football teams. Only years later did we understand the trade-offs this involved: the creation of excessive bureaucracies(官僚机构)，the difficulty of forging personal connections between teachers and students.SA T scores began dropping in 1963;today,on average,30% of students do not complete high school in four years, a figure that rises to 50% in poor urban neighborhoods. While the emphasis on teaching to higher, test-driven standards as set in No Child Left Behind resulted in significantly better performance in elementary(and some middle)schools, high schools for a variety of reasons seemed to have made little progress. Size isn?t everything, but it does matter, and the past decade has seen a noticeable countertrend toward smaller schools. This has been due ,in part ,to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, which has invested $1.8 billion in American high schools, helping to open about 1,000 small schools-most of them with about 400 kids each with an average enrollment of only 150 per grade, About 500 more are on the drawing board. Districts all over the country are taking notice, along with mayors in cities like New Y ork, Chicago and San Diego. The movement includes independent public charter schools, such as No.1 BASIS in Tucson, with only 120 high-schoolers and 18 graduates this year. It embraces district-sanctioned magnet schools, such as the Talented and Gifted School, with 198 students, and the Science and Engineering Magnet,with383,which share a building in Dallas, as well as the City Honors School in Buffalo, N.Y., which grew out of volunteer evening seminars for students. And it includes alternative schools with students selected by lottery(抽签)，such as H-B Woodlawn in Arlington, V a. And