Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch?
一、教学重点
1、代词：it做虚主语时的用法。
2、时态：一般现在时VS现在进行时。
3、副词：频率副词的排序和位置
二．知识重点
1. It was Sunday.
这里的it是虚主语，可以指代时间、天气、温度、距离等多种事物，也可以指代某个不确定的人。
2. I never get up early on Sundays.
never从来不、绝对不。频率副词，可以用在多种时态中。
Never give up.从不放弃
Never lose heart. 绝不要灰心丧气。
on Sundays 在每一个星期天。
on用在具体的某一天之前，例如on March 21st，on Monday，on Monday morning 在这里Sundays用了复数，表示在每一个星期天。
3. I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime.
Sometimes 有时
Some times 几次几倍
Some time 一段时间
Sometime 有时用于将来时或者过去时中
Stay in bed 躺在床上stay at home 待在家里
Until 1）prep 直到……时候
I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime.
2)conj 直到……时候后接句子
肯定句中的动词为延续性动词否定句中为非延续性动词
I won't stop shouting until you let me go.
Continue in this direction until you see a sign
4. Last Sunday , I got up very late.
Get up 起床go to bed 去睡觉fall asleep 睡着
Late adj/adv 晚
Stay up late 熬夜
Lately: recently 最近常用在完成时和一般过去时中。
5. I looked out of the window.
Look out of…向……外看
Look into 向……里面看；调查
Look out ! 当心小心
6. What a day! 省略式感叹句。= What a day it is! = What a bad/terrible day it is!
构成：What + 名词(包括冠词和形容词) + 主语代词+ 谓语动词+ ! 对照：How + 形容词/副词+ 主语(名词/代词) + 谓语动词+ !
7.Just then, the telephone rang.
then 然后，那时。just 就，仅仅。
just then = at that moment 就在那时
ring [vi.] 不及物动词。The bell rings. The phone rang.
ring [vt.] 及物动词。ring sb. = call sb.
ring 名词环状物，特指戒指
a wedding ring 结婚戒指
ring finger无名指
thumb 拇指
index/the first finger/pointer食指
middle finger/the second finger中指
little finger/pinkie 小手指
8.I’ve just arrived by train. 这里的just是刚刚的意思，用于完成时。
例句：-Have you finished your homework? -I have just finished it.
by +具体的交通工具：by bus/bike/ship/air/plane.... ；on foot
9. I’m coming to see you. 用现在进行时表将来，表示即将、马上发生
的事。可用于这种情况的词：go，leave，arrive，die等。
例句：I’m leaving now. I’m dying. The train is arriving in five minutes 10. Dear me! 这也是一个感叹句。= Oh, my God! = My dear! = Goodness! = Good heavens!
三．语法讲解
辨析一般现在时和现在进行时
一般现在时：
构成：1.含有be动词的句子
2.含有实义动词句子
Lesson 48 Did you want to tell me something? 你想对我说什么吗？ Why did the writer become very worried? Dentists always ask questions when it is impossible for you to answer. My dentist had just pulled out one of my teeth and had told me to rest for a while. I tried to say something, but my mouth was full of cotton wool. He knew I collected match boxes and asked me whether my collection was growing. He then asked me how my brother was and whether I liked my new job in London. In answer to these questions I either nodded or made strange noises. Meanwhile, my tongue was busy searching out the hole where the tooth had been. I suddenly felt very worried, but could not say anything. When the dentist at last removed the cotton wool from my mouth, I was able to tell him that he had pulled out the wrong tooth. 参考译文 牙科医生们总是在你无法作出回答的时候向你提出问题。我的牙科医生刚刚给我拔掉了一颗牙，叫我休息一会儿。我想说点什么，但我嘴里塞满了药棉。他知道我收集火柴盒，于是问我收藏的米柴盒是否在增加。接着他又问我的兄弟近来如何，问我是否喜欢伦敦的新工作。作为对这些问题的回答，我不是点头，就是发出奇怪的声音。与此同时，我的舌头正在忙着寻找刚拔掉的那颗牙的伤口。我突然非常着急起来，但却什么也说不出来。当那位牙医最后将药棉从我嘴中取出时，我总算有可能告诉他，他拔错了牙。 一、New words and expressions 生词和短语 pull 1) v. 拔（草，瓶塞，钉子等），拔掉，拉开 例: I spent a whole day pulling weeds. 我花一整天时间来拔草。 pull out a nail 拔出钉子 pull out a stopper 拔出塞子 have the decayed tooth pulled out请（牙医）拔掉蛀牙 pull out the wrong tooth 拔错了牙 eg. This kind of carrot won't pull easily. 这塞种胡萝卜不容易拔。 2) v. 拖，扯，拉 eg. If you want something, pull this cord. pull[pul] 拉drag硬拉 haul 拖拉tug 用力拉 stretch 硬拉长tow 用链子（绳）拖引
新概念英语第一册（1-144课）期末测试试卷 (1) 数词冠词介词动词时态变化比较级和最高级 一写出复数 1. radio 2. knife 3. glass 4. shelf 5. boss 6. dress 7. housewife 8.postman 9. leaf 10. church 11. mouth 12. family 13. tie 14. tomato 15. piano 16. baby 17. tooth 18. country 19. key 20 potato 某车间生产零件2000个，前3天生产240个零件。照这样这计算，一共需要多少天才能完成 21. match 22. box 23. hour 24. hero 二用冠词a an the 或some any 填空如果不需要则用/ 代替. 1. Alice is ____ air-hostess. Her father is ____ engineer and her mother is _____ housewife. They all play ______ tennis very well. 2. He has ____ uncle and his uncle lives in ____ United Kindom. He first saw him in ____ autumn of 1978. 7. We need _____ ink is there _____ left? 3. It is better to tell ______ truth than to tell _______ lies. 4. Will you have ______ more tea? There’s plenty in the pot. 5. There is ___university near my home. Every Saturday evening___ students hold ____ party. ___ are dancing ____ are singing. They make a lot of noise. 6. Get me ________ cigarettes please. ______ kind will do. 三用适当介词填空. 1. Can you see the words written ________ the blackboard? (in on by with)
裕兴新概念英语第三册笔记第三课课文讲解 老猴子咬菜根学习交流 Lesson 3 An unknown goddess 无名女神 Some time ago, and interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea. An American team explored a temple which stands in an ancient city on the promontory of Ayia Irini. The city at one time must have been prosperous, for it enjoyed a high level of civilization. Houses -- often three storeys high -- were built of stone. They had large rooms with beautifully decorated walls. The city was equipped with a drainage system, for a great many clay pipes were found beneath the narrow streets. The temple which the archaeologists explored was used as a place of worship from the fifteenth century . until Roman times. In the most sacred room of temple, clay fragments of fifteen statues were found. Each of these represented a goddess and had, at one time, been painted. The body of one statue was found among remains dating from the fifteenth century . It's missing head happened to be among remains of the fifth century . This head must have been found in Classical times and carefully preserved. It was very old and precious even then. When the archaeologists reconstructed the fragments, they were amazed to find that the goddess turned out to be a very modern-looking woman. She stood three feet high and her hands rested on her hips. She was wearing a full-length skirt which swept the ground. Despite her great age, she was very graceful indeed, but, so far, the archaeologists have been unable to discover her identity. 1. Some time ago, and interesting discovery was made by archaeologists on the Aegean island of Kea. 不久之前，在爱琴海的基亚岛上，考古工作者有一项有趣的发现。 make a discovery 做出发现 make a name for oneself 出名 make history 创造历史 make a noise 名噪一时 eg. Ben Laden really made a noise by . 本·拉登通过事件名噪一时。make a dent: to make a first step towards success in something 取得初步的、有效的进展；奏效 eg. Chinese open-up policy has made a dent. 中国的改革开放政策已经初见成效。 Aegean [i:'d?i:?n] n.爱琴海（地中海的一部分,在希腊同土耳其之间）The Aegean sea lies between Greece and Turkey, part of Mediterranean Sea.主题句：为典型的记叙文开头句 记叙文的文体特点：时间、地点、人物、事件。并按事件发生的时间、空间顺序描写，把握住其特征，就能轻松应对文章的理解。 Time: some time ago
A private conversation私人谈话 【NEW WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS】生词和短语 ★private adj.私人的 it's my private letter/house ；private school:私立学校 public：公众的，公开的 public school ； public letter 公开信；public place :公共场所privacy：隐私 it's a privacy. adj. 《Private Ryan》 private soldier：大兵 private citizen 普通公民 private life：私生活 ★conversation n.谈话 subject of conversation：话题 talk.可以正式，也可以私人的 conversation. 比较正式一些 let's have a talk They are having a conversation. conversation 用的时候比talk正式，意思上往往不非常正式. talk：可正式可不正式 dialogue：对话 China and Korea are having a dialogue. 正式 chat: 闲聊 gossip:嚼舌头 have a + talk/chat/dialogue/conversation/gossip 名词变动词 ★theatre n.剧场，戏剧 cinema: 电影院 ★seat n.座位 have a good seat(place) take a seat : 座下来，就座 take your seat/take a seat Is the seat taken? 这个座位有人吗？no/yes sit sit down ,please seat take your seat,please be seated,please 更为礼貌 seat是及物动词，后面有宾语 sit是不及物动词，后面不加宾语 seat后面会加人; seat sb; seat him; seat:让某人就座 sit he is sitting there. you seat him; 〖语法精粹〗 4.When all those present(到场者)_D_ he began his lecture.(重点题) A.sit B.set C.seated D.were seaed sit,sit down; seat,be seated;take a seat ★play n.戏 ★loudly adv. 大声的 ★angry adj. 生气的
Lesson 113 Small change 讲义重点 一、本课重要单词 conductor: n.售票员; fare: 车费，交通工具的票价; a taxi fare 出租车费; a single fare 单程票价; change: v.兑换（钱），换零（钱）例： Can I change pounds into dollars here? 这里可以把英镑兑换成美元吗？ n. 零钱，找零: You may keep the change. 你可以留下零钱，不用找了。note: n.纸币; a five-pound note 5英镑纸币; Pay in notes.用钞票付款。passenger :n. 乘客，旅客; none: pron. 三者或三者以上的人或事物中任何一个都不….例：None of the students could answer the question. 没有一个学生会回答那个问题。 None of us has ever been abroad. 我们所有的人都没有出过国， neither : adv. 两者都不…(置于单数名词之前) Neither book is bought in Beijing. 这两本书都不是在北京买的。 Neither is right. 两者都不正确。
get off：下车； tramp: n. 流浪汉，漂泊者’ except:prep. 除…之外; 二、本课重要知识点： 1. Have you any small change? 您有零钱吗？ 在本句中关于have变疑问句的用法需要引起注意： (1)have用作实意动词表示状态，如表示拥有、患病或用于have to 表示“必须”等，在变疑问句时可以直接将have提前，也可根据情况在句首使用do，does，did，例： I have some small change. 我有一些零钱，变疑问句： 常用句式：Do you have any small change?您有零钱吗？ 不常见句式：Have you any small change? 您有零钱吗？ (2)用作实意动词表示动作，如表示“吃（=eat）”、“喝（=drink）”、“度过（=spend）”等，构成疑问式时不能将have提前至句首，而应在句首使用do，does，did，例： He has breakfast at home. 变为疑问句： 正确句式： Does he have breakfast at home？他在家吃早餐吗？ 错误句式： Has he breakfast at home?
新概念英语第一册课 文
$课文1 对不起！ 1. Excuse me! 对不起 2. Yes? 什么事？ 3. Is this your handbag? 这是您的手提包吗？ 4. Pardon? 对不起，请再说一遍。 5. Is this your handbag? 这是您的手提包吗？ 6. Yes, it is. 是的，是我的。 7. Thank you very much. 非常感谢！ $课文3 对不起，先生。 8. My coat and my umbrella please. 请把我的大衣和伞拿给我。 9. Here is my ticket. 这是我（寄存东西）的牌子。 10. Thank you, sir. 谢谢，先生。 11. Number five. 是5号。 12. Here's your umbrella and your coat. 这是您的伞和大衣 13. This is not my umbrella. 这不是我的伞。 14. Sorry sir. 对不起，先生。 15. Is this your umbrella?
这把伞是您的吗？ 16. No, it isn't. 不，不是！ 17. Is this it? 这把是吗？ 18. Yes, it is. 是，是这把 19. Thank you very much. 非常感谢。 $课文5 很高兴见到你。 20. Good morning. 早上好。 21. Good morning, Mr. Blake. 早上好，布莱克先生。 22. This is Miss Sophie Dupont. 这位是索菲娅.杜邦小姐。23. Sophie is a new student. 索菲娅是个新学生。 24. She is French. 她是法国人。 25. Sophie, this is Hans. 索菲娅，这位是汉斯。 26. He is German. 他是德国人。 27. Nice to meet you. 很高兴见到你。 28. And this is Naoko. 这位是直子。 29. She's Japanese. 她是日本人。 30. Nice to meet you.
Lesson74单词讲解 1.limelight n.舞台灯光 in the limelight在聚光灯下，万众瞩目 out of the limelight 2.precaution n.预防措施 pre- prepack v.预先包装 prepaid adj.预付费的 Lesson74课文&语法讲解 本课重点: 特殊的非限定性定语从句 1.An ancient bus stopped by a dry river bed and a party of famous actors and actresses got off. 2.Dressed in dark glasses and old clothes,they had taken special precautions so that no one should recognize them. 3.But as they soon discovered,disguises can sometimes be too perfect. Among them will be Debbie's mother,who swam the Channel herself when she was a girl. 非限定性的定语从句 特殊的非限定性的定语从句，修饰整句话 They sell the goods in a very low price,which is a bad way to do business. Disguises can sometimes be too perfect,which they soon discovered. 特殊的非限定性的定语从句，修饰整句话 Disguises can sometimes be too perfect,which they soon discovered. Disguises can sometimes be too perfect,as they soon discovered. Disguises,as they soon discovered,can sometimes be too perfect. As they soon discovered,disguises can sometimes be too perfect. 4.'It couldn't be better,Gloria,'Brinksley Meers agreed. 5.Why don't we come more often? 提建议： Why don’t sb do sth? Why not do sth?
裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记第48课
Lesson 48 Did you want to tell me something? 你想对我说什么吗？ Why did the writer become very worried? Dentists always ask questions when it is impossible for you to answer. My dentist had just pulled out one of my teeth and had told me to rest for a while. I tried to say something, but my mouth was full of cotton wool. He knew I collected match boxes and asked me whether my collection was growing. He then asked me how my brother was and whether I liked my new job in London. In answer to these questions I either nodded or made strange noises. Meanwhile, my tongue was busy searching out the hole where the tooth had been. I suddenly felt very worried, but could not say anything. When the dentist at last removed the cotton wool from my mouth, I was able to tell him that he had pulled out the wrong tooth. 参考译文 牙科医生们总是在你无法作出回答的时候向你提出问题。我的牙科医生刚刚给我拔掉了一颗牙，叫我休息一会儿。我想说点什么，但我嘴里塞满了药棉。他知道我收集火柴盒，于是问我收藏的米柴盒是否在增加。接着他又问我的兄弟近来如何，问我是否喜欢伦敦的新工作。作为对这些问题的回答，我不是点头，就是发出奇怪的声音。与此同时，我的舌头正在忙着寻找刚拔掉的那颗牙的伤口。我突然非常着急起来，但却什么也说不出来。当那位牙医最后将药棉从我嘴中取出时，我总算有可能告诉他，他拔错了牙。 一、New words and expressions 生词和短语 pull 1) v. 拔（草，瓶塞，钉子等），拔掉，拉开 例: I spent a whole day pulling weeds.
新六年级英语（新概念）2014年春季班讲义十三 姓名班级成绩 课堂表现 Ⅰ.根据105课课文内容回答下列问题 1.Bob’s the office assistant, isn’t he? 2.Who wants to speak to Sandra? 3.What must Bob do? 4.Does the boss want Sandra to come at once? 5.What does the boss ask Sandra? 6.How do you spell ‘intelligent’? 7.How did Sandra type it? 8.What does the boss want Sandra to do? 9.What does he give Sandra? Ⅱ.选择最为恰当的词填空。 1. ‘Your story is ___________ of mistakes.’the teacher said. (full/plenty) 2. ---I think that girl’s clever. --- I don’t. I thinkshe’s ___________. (intelligent/stupid) 3. Is this right, sir? --- No, I’m sorry it’s ___________. (mistake/wrong) 4. I can’t spell the word. I’ll look it up in a ___________. (dictionary/paper) 5. ‘I’m ___________ about that.’ She said. ‘I won’t do it again’ (afraid/sorry) 6. My mother wants to ___________ to me.(say/speak) Ⅲ. 用want/don’t want sb. to do改写句子。 例：You must keep this photo. I want you to keep this photo. You mustn’t lose it. I don’t wat you to lose it. 1.They must watch this film. _______________________________________________________________________________ 2.They mustn’t miss it. _______________________________________________________________________________ 3.She must type this letter again. _______________________________________________________________________________ 4.She mustn’t send it. _______________________________________________________________________________ 5.He must answer all the questions. _______________________________________________________________________________
Lesson 30? The death of a ghost? 幽灵之死 New words and expression 生词和短语 Labourer ['le?b(?)r?] n.劳动者（工人）（劳工）-- 强调使用体力, 而不是技能, 在户外工作。Workman n.技工, 工匠 -- 具有某种工艺技能的半熟练工人 worker n.工人（泛指）-- 具有更高水平的工人 -- white-collar worker 白领职员(指非体力劳动者) -- blue-collar worker 蓝领工人(指体力劳动者) -- a factory worker 工厂工人 / farm worker 雇农, 农业工人 Manual worker mental worker farmhand（n.农业工人, 农场工人）= farm labourers = farm worker labour n. 1、劳动（尤指体力劳动）（可以以复数形式出现labours. （very hard work, usually physical work） 2、(总称) 劳工 3、工作（任务task；（一段时间的）工作period of work） 4、分娩 (分娩期；分娩；生产)Her labour had lasted ten hours vi 1、艰苦劳动、干苦力活 2、艰难的工作、吃力地行进 move with difficulty 3、+to do 艰苦地做；吃力地做 If you?labour to?do something, you do it with difficulty labour force n. 劳动力 surplus labour 【政治经济学】剩余劳动(力) , 【经济学】剩余劳动 ['s?:pl?s] n. 剩余；[贸易] 顺差；盈余；过剩 adj. 剩余的；过剩的 labour party (劳)工党 Conservative party保守党 Democratic party 民主党 Republican party 共和党 division of labour 分工 labour union n. [美]工会 conserve vt. 1、节省；节约 2、保护；保存；保藏 to protect sth and prevent it from being changed or destroyed n. 果酱；蜜饯 Conserve的“保持、保存”有两种含义，第一种含义含有为了节约而保护、保存的意思，例如：You can set the temperature to 26 degrees centigrade in order to conserve energy. 你可以把温度设置成26摄氏度以节约资源。第二种含有为了让某事物（一般指自然资源）不被改变或者不被破坏而保护、保存的意思，例如：Government should enforce laws to conserve wildlife animals in this area. 政府应该实施法律保护这个地区的野生动物。 preserve vt. 保存；保护；维持；腌；禁猎 n. 保护区；禁猎地；加工成的食品； Preserve的“保持、保存”也有两种含义，第一种含义有维护、保持（a situation or condition）某种状态、质量、权利的意思，例如：She believed it‘s the most important thing to preserve her reputation. 她认为维护自己的名声是最重要的事情。preserve peace维护和平。the preservation of the status 维持现状。第二种含义有保留、保藏且维护以不被破坏或者维持现状的意思，常常用作被动语态，例如：The ancient vase was preserved well by the archaeologists. 这个古代花瓶被考古学家保存得很好。reserve n. 储备，储存；自然保护区；预备队；[金融] 储备金 vt. 储备；保留；预约 vi. 预订Reserve有“预定”的意思，即主动去要求“保留”，例如：I'd like to reserve a room tonight. 我想预定一个今晚的房间。Reserve还常用作被动语态，表示为了留给后面的人或者为以后的使用而“保留、保存”，例如：The refreshments are reserved for the guests. 这些点心是留给客人的。Reserve还能表示“拥有、保留、保持”权利和意见的意思，例如很多出版物上都会标有“All rights reserved”，意思是“版权所有”。 简单来区分的话，conserve强调保护自然资源和节约资源，preserve强调不被改变和破坏，reserve强调留着备用。
Lesson8单词讲解 https://www.doczj.com/doc/4514679488.html,petition n.比赛，竞赛 compete v. 2.pool n.水池 swimming pool Lesson8课文&语法讲解 形容词／副词的作用 形容词／副词的三种比较级别 形容词／副词的作用 形容词(adj.)修饰名词 副词(adv.)修饰动词／句子／其他的形容词或副词 形容词(adj.)修饰名词 This is a wonderful world. We are living in a beautiful new house in the country. Their sleeping bags were warm and comfortable. 副词(adv.)修饰动词／句子／其他的形容词或副词 Roy acted quickly. Suddenly,one of the children kicked a ball. It rained continually and it was often bitterly cold. The students from elite universities catch up very quickly.形容词／副词的三种比较级别 最高级 比较级 原级 形容词/副词的最高级 adj./adv.的最高级＋（介词短语表示比较的范围） “(……范围内)最……” 通常用于三者或以上的比 较 My younger sister is the tallest in her class. The most serious problem of the project is the lack of power. 形容词/副词的比较级 adj./adv.的比较级＋（than比较的对象） “(和……相比)更……” 通常用于两者之 间的比较 Aeroplane tickets are more expensive than train tickets. Sometimes machines can perform much better than human beings.
Lesson113 CONDUCTOR: Fares, please! MAN: Trafalgar Square, please. CONDUCTOR: I'm sorry, sir. I can't change a ten-pound note. Haven't you got any small change? MAN: I've got no small change, I am afraid. CONDUCTOR: I'll ask some of the passengers. CONDUCTOR: Have you any small change, sir? 1st PASSENGER: I'm sorry. I've got none. 2nd PASSENGER: I haven't got any either. CONDUCTOR: Can you change this ten-pound note,madam? 3rd PASSENGER: I'm afraid I can't. 4th PASSENGER: Neither can I. CONDUCTOR: I'm very sorry, sir. You must get off the bus. None of our passengers can change this 're all millionaires! TWO TRAMPS: Except us. 1sth TRAMP: I've got some small change. 2nd TRAMP: So have I. 售票员：请买票! 男子：请买一张到特拉法加广场的票。 售票员：对不起，我找不开10英镑的钞票。 您没有零钱吗? 男子：恐怕我没有零钱。 售票员：我来问问其他乘客。 售票员：先生，您有零钱吗? 乘客1：对不起，我没有。 乘客2：我也没有。 售票员：夫人，您能把这10英镑的钞票换 开吗? 乘客3：恐怕不能。 乘客4：我也不能。 售票员：非常抱歉，先生。您必须下车。我 们的乘客中没人能换开这张钞票。他们都是百万 富翁! 二流浪汉：我们俩除外。 流浪汉1：我有零钱。 流浪汉2：我也有。
新概念英语第二册第48课课文重难点Further notes on the text 1．Dentists always ask questions when it is impossible for you to answer. 牙科医生们总是在你无法作出回答的时候向你提出问题。 在when引导的时间状语从句中，it为先行主语，代指后面的不定式，for+人称代词／名词说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的： It is not hard for you to help them.你帮助他们并不难。 It was a mistake for me to come to the party.我来参加晚会是错误的。 impossible通常不以人作主语，而以不定式或从句作主语： It is impossible for him to help you.他不可能帮你。 It is impossible that he will help you.（译文同上） 2．In answer to these questions I either nodded or made strange noises. 作为对这些问题的回答，我不是点头，就是发出奇怪的声音。 （1）in answer to为固定短语，在这里表示"作为对……的回答"： In answer to my question, Dan shook his head.作为对我的问题的回答，丹摇了摇头。 这个短语的另一个含义是"响应……的请求"： In answer to my request, he wrote a letter to George.应我的请求，他给乔治写了封信。 （2）made strange noises, 发出奇怪的声音。"我"并不是有意发出这些声音，而是因为嘴里有药棉，又想回答医生的话造成的。 3．Meanwhile, my tongue was busy searching out the hole where the tooth had been. 与此同时，我的舌头正在忙着寻找刚拔掉的那颗牙的伤口。
新概念英语第三册Lesson38重点句子及解析 【课文】 Future historians will be in a unique position when they come to record the history of our own times. They will hardly know which facts to select from the great mass of evidence that steadily accumulates. What is more they will not have to rely solely on the written word. Films, videos. CDs and CD-ROMs are just some of the bewildering amount of information they will have. They will be able, as it were, to see and hear us in action. But the historian attempting to reconstruct the distant past is always faced with a difficult task. He has to deduce what he can from the few scanty cluesavailable. Even seemingly insignificant remains can shed interesting light on the history of early man. Up to now, historians have assumed that calendars came into being with the advent of agriculture, for then man was faced with a real need to understand something about the seasons. Recent scientific evidence seems to indicate that this assumption is incorrect. Historians have long been puzzled by dots, lines and symbols which have been engraved on walls, bones, and the ivory tusk of mammoths. The nomads who made these markings lived by hunting and fishing during the last Ice Age, which began about 35,000 B.C. and ended about 10,000 B.C. By correlating markings made in various parts of the world, historians have been able to read this difficult code. They have found that it is connected with the passage of days and the phases of the moon. It is, in fact, a primitive type of
Lesson111 The most expensive model 讲义重点 一、本课重要单词 model: n. 型号，式样;另外model还有“模特”“模范、榜样”的意思，例： a fashion model 时装模特儿 afford：v. 付得起（钱）； deposit ：n. 预付定金，押金，保证金（通常以单数形式表示）Make a deposit of 500 dollars on a new car. 为买新车付500美元的订金。 instalment: n.分期付款；“以分期付款的方式”可以用一下三种方式来表达：in instalments；by instalments；on instalments；price: n. 价格; 表示price的“高，低”时，形容词用high, low; 表示东西的“贵，便宜”时，用expensive, cheap.重要句型：What is the price ofsth: 某物的价格是多少？ What is the price of this camera? 这个照相机多少钱？ 另外还可以说，How much is the camera? 这个相机多少钱？ 二、本课重要知识点 1. How much does it cost? 它花费了多少钱？ 在本句中我们要掌握英语中关于“花费时间/金钱”常见的几个重要句型： （1）cost的主语一般是物，关于cost的一个常见句型是：
①It cost sb +时间/金钱to do sth:花费某人时间/金钱做某事，例：It cost me $1000 a year to run a car. 使用一辆车要花我1000美元一年。 It cost me a lot of money to buy books. 买书花了我很多钱。 ②另外在表达“某物花费多少钱/时间”时，常用：物体+cost sb+钱数，例： This house cost me $90,000. 这座房子我花9万英镑。 This book will cost us a great deal of time. 这个工作将花费我们大量的时间。 （2）spend的主语一般是人，spend表示花费常用以下句型： ①spend some money/ some time on sth:在某方面花费时间金钱。介词on后接名词或代词。例： Tom spent a lot of money on books. 汤姆买书花了很多钱。 He spends two hours on his homework every day. 他每天都花费两个小时做作业。 ②表示"花费(时间、金钱等)做某事"，则常用句型spend some money/some time (in) doing sth，此时第二个动词要用动词-ing形式，介词in可以省略。例： Mother spent all her energy (in ) educating the children. 妈妈花全部的精力来教育孩子。