英语四六级长难句结构分析经典一百句
长难句结构分析最新经典一百句（一）
1. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.
[参考译文] 美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在
市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。
2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with
the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their
incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce
it.
[参考译文] 因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化
其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。
3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.
[参考译文] 另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商
能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。
4. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a
product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
[参考译文] 在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有权，也指其他一些特定的权利，
如确定一个产品价格和与另一个私人个体(经济单位) 自由签定的权利。
A.从介词开始到其后跟的名词结束 B.从介词开始到动名词结束 C.从介词开始到动名词的宾语结束2018年12月大学英语四六级语法精讲课程讲义 一、识别句子成分必须记住的原理 1.衡量是否是一个句子的标准：是否有动词，有动词就是句子，反之不是句子。 2.英语构句原则规定：一个简单句中只能有一个谓语动词 3.长难句的构成：主句、从句、介词短语、非谓语动词 （1）主句的辨识：谓语动词 （2）从句的辨识：连词+与之匹配的谓语动词 （3）介词短语： （4）非谓语动词：4.衡量长难句划分是否正确的标准：整个句子中谓语动词的个数比连词多一个 5.长难句划分方法：连动切割法 ·连动切割法：将句子中的所有连词和动词（连词、动词的排列不分先后）作为切割长难句的基 础，断开主句和从句。 ·长难句划分的具体步骤： 【第一步】断开主句和从句 通读整个句子找出所有的连词或动词，并将连词和动词匹配起来（主要是针对从句而 言，主句不存在连词，从句连词和动词的匹配遵守就近原则），然后再给动词匹配主 语（主句的主语在谓语之前找；从句的主语在连词和与之匹配的谓语动词中间找，如 果它们中间没有任何词语，那么连词本身就是这个从句的主语。） 动名词（doing ） 动词不定式（to do ） 现在分词（doing ） 过去分词（done ）
【第二步】断开介词短语和非谓语动词 二、总结复习句子的主要成分 1、主语 （1）定义：主语是动作的发出者。 （2）位置：在谓语动词之前。 （3）什么可以充当主语： 2、谓语 （1）定义：述说主语的动作或状态。 （2）位置：在主语之后。（3）什么可以充当谓语：实意动词。 3、宾语 （1）定义：（2）位置： （3）什么可以充当宾语：4、表语 （1）定义：表述主语的身份特征，性质状态的 （2）位置：在系动词之后 （3）什么可以充当表语： A.名词： B.代词： C.介词短语： D.非谓语动词： E.句子：A.动作的承受者B.介词所联系的对象，即介词宾语（简称介宾） A.名词： B.代词： C.介词短语： D.非谓语动词： E.句子： A.名词： B.代词： C.形容词 D.介词短语： E.非谓语动词： F.句子：A.在谓语动词之后B.在非谓语动词之后C.在介词之后
定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分：主语和谓语 次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语 I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday . 主语谓语定语宾语同位语状语 ㈠主语（subject） 句子说明的人或事物 Jane is good at playing the piano.（名词） She went out in a hurry.（代词） Four plus four is eight.（数词） To see is to believe.（不定式） Smoking is bad for health.（动名词） The young should respect the old.（名词化的形容词） What he has said is true. （句子） 找出下列句中的主语：1、The sun rises in the east. 2、Twenty years is a short time in history. 3、The poor are now living in the shelter. 4、Seeing is believing. 5、To see is to believe. 6、He likes dancing.
7、What he needs is a book. 8、It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. ㈡谓语 说明主语的动作、状态和特征 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。）： 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. (三)宾语动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语Show your passport, please. （名词） She didn't say anything. （代词） How many do you want? - I want two. （数词） They sent the injured to hospital. （名词化的形容词） They asked to see my passport. （不定式） I enjoy working with you. （动名词） Did you write down what he said? （句子）
如何掌握长难句 复杂长句是考研阅读理解短文的最显著特点之一，是文章语言难度所在，也是命题者常常出题之处。因此具备较好的剖析复杂长句的能力，对于考研阅读理解至关重要。复杂长句典型的特点是，多个语法现象或特殊句式同时出现在一个较长的句子中，使句子修饰词很多，句中套句，成分中套成分，从而造成考生对其准确意义的理解困难。 对于复杂长句，不管其结构多么复杂多变、盘根错节，只要把握住句子结构的主脉络抓住句子的关键词和关键信息，再根据自己所掌握的各种语法知识及一些特殊句式的构成规律，就可理清头绪，找到思路。由于复杂长句很难理解，考生在平时阅读时应多加练习。 下面分8类总结了最典型的70句真题长难句，希望考生复习时能多揣摩，如能将其中英文全部背熟，长难句肯定过关。 第一节比较结构 1.There are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy—far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone. 【参考译文】现在已有一些机器人系统能够进行精确到毫米以下的脑部和骨骼手术---这要比极具技巧的医生单单用手精确得多。 2.I have discovered，as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress，that abandoning the doctr ine of “juggling your life”，and making the alternative move into “downshifting” brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status． 【参考译文】或许正像凯尔西在不堪积劳重负而公开地辞去她在《她》杂志社的编辑一职之后—样，我已经发现，放弃那种“为生活忙碌”的人生信条并转而追求比较悠闲的生活带给你的回报远远大于经济成功和社会地位。 3.While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline—after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late’80s—and is still linked to the politics of thrift，in Britain，at least among the middle-class down shifters of my acquaintance，we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives. 【参考译文】在美国，这一返朴趋势是以经济衰落的反应为开始的---那是在80年代末期裁员而引起大量的失业之后---现在依然与提倡节俭的政纲相关；而在英国，最起码在我所熟识的中产阶级返朴归隐者中，追求简约生活的原因就多种多样了。
When we begin to question our assumptions and challenge what we think we have learned from our past,from the media,peers,family,friends,etc.,we begin to realize that some of our conclusions are flawed or contrary to our fundamental values.(2009四级快速阅读) 【分析】主句：we begin to realize我们开始意识到...... 修饰成分：that some of our conclusions are flawed or contrary to our fundamental values.宾语从句做realize的宾语 When we begin to...时间状语从句其中question和challenge并列做谓语 what we think做challenge的宾语从句 we have learned from our past,from the media,peers,family,friends,etc.又做 think的宾语从句译为“从我们的过去、媒体、同辈、家人、朋友等那里学到 的东西” 【必背词汇】assumption n.假设 flawed adj.有缺陷的，有错误的 fundamental adj.根本的，基本的 【翻译】当我们开始质疑自己的假设，并且向那些我们认为是从我们的过去、媒体、同辈、家人、朋友等那里学到的东西发出挑战的时候，我们就开始意识到我们的结论有些是有缺陷的，或者说与我们的基本价值是相违背的。 But economists say families about to go into debt to fund four years of partying,as well as studying,can console themselves with the knowledge that college is an investment that,unlike many investments,should yield huge dividends.(2009.阅读6Text4) 【分析】主句：economists say经济学家声称 修饰成分：about to go into debt to fund four years of partying,as well as studying,形容词短语做定语，修饰families families can console themselves with the knowledge做say的宾语从句 that college is an investment做the knowledge的同位语从句 unlike many bank stocks与许多银行股票不同，做插入语 that should yield huge dividends定语从句，修饰an investment 【必背词汇】console v.安慰，慰藉 investment n.投资 yield v.产生，得出 dividend n.股息，红利，收益 【翻译】但是经济学家们声称，即将因为支付儿女大学四年聚会玩乐外加学习的费用而背上债务的那些家庭可以安慰自己说，上大学是一项投资，与许多银行股票不同，这项投资将收获巨额收益。 What parents do,in other words,is of deep concern to the state,for the obvious reason that caring for children is not only morally urgent but essential for the future of society.(2010.阅读6Text 1) 【分析】主句：What parents do is of deep concern to the state.主系表结构国家对家长的作为密切关注 修饰成分：in other words“换句话说”插入语 for the obvious reason原因状语 that caring for children is not only morally urgent but essential for the future of
英语句子结构分析 来源：中文翻译英文作者：翻译器时间：2012-07-06 （https://www.doczj.com/doc/4511758394.html,/kouyutingli/yulekouyu/20120706-11216.html） 英语句子结构分析 The English sentence structure analysis 英语句子分为简单句和复合句。所谓的简单句，就是一个句子中只包含一个主谓结构的句子。复合句又分成并列句和复杂句，下面我们分别对这三种情况加以简要的分析。 The English sentence is divided into simple sentences and complex sentences. The so-called simple sentence, is a sentence containing only a subject-predicate sentence structure. Complex sentences into compound sentences and complex sentences, we have the following the three cases tries brief analysis. 1、简单句 In 1, the simple sentence 简单句，即只有一个主谓结构的句子。除了特殊情况，英语句子中都有主语、谓语(或表语)，有时候还有宾语;而且除了倒装句等特殊句型，一般情况下，主语、谓语、宾语的先后顺序是固定的，不可能宾语跑到谓语前面，或者谓语跑到主语前面。目前很多语法书都把英语的简单句归纳为五种基本句型。实际上，英语简单句还可以简化为三种形式： A simple sentence, i.e. only a subject-predicate sentence structure. Except in special cases, the English sentence has a subject, the predicate ( or a ), sometimes the object; in addition to a special sentence pattern, under normal circumstances, subject, predicate, object order is fixed, can not be the object to the predicate or predicate to the front, ahead of subject. At present a lot of grammar books are English simple sentence is classified into five basic sentence patterns. In fact, English simple sentences can be simplified into three forms: 主语+ 谓语(及物动词) + 宾语;I hate grammar. Subject + verb ( transitive verb + object ); I hate grammar. 主语+ 谓语(不及物动词); Grammar sucks. Subject + verb ( transitive verb ); Grammar sucks. 主语+ 系动词+ 表语Grammar is hell. Subject + Verb + / Grammar is hell. 所以，我们在阅读句子的时候，不管句子有多长，不管是并列句还是复合句，都必须首先分清各句中的主语、谓语(或表语)，有的句子中还包括宾语。因为主语、谓语、宾语中英语句子的主干，抓住了句子的主干，句子的基本意思就清楚了。 Therefore, we read the sentence, no matter how long sentence, whether a compound or a complex sentence, must first distinguish the subject of a sentence, the predicate ( or a ), some sentences are also included in the object. Because the subject, object, predicate in English sentence trunk, captures the sentence trunk, basic sentence meaning clear. 2、并列句 In 2, the compound sentence 并列句就是两个或以上的简单句，由表示并列关系的连词或标点符号连接而成。常见的连词：and, not only...but also, neither...nor... or, either...or... otherwise，but, yet, while, so, for等。阅读中遇到并列关系的句子，一般情况下是以连词为界限，将句子分成前、后几个部分，并分别来分析，各句的意思一般可
划分句子成分练习 练习1.分析下列句子成分，在下面标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。 1）Tree s turns green when spring comes. 2）The old man was feeling very tired. 3）His job is to train swimmers. 4）Where he was buried remained unknown. 5）What he said proved true. 6）We must keep quiet. 7）The shop stayed open until eleven. 8）She appeared younger than she really was. 9）His face went red. 10）He fell ill last week. 11）The cake I ate yesterday taste delicious. 从上面我们可以看出，常见的系动词有，_____、_____、______、______、______、_____、_______、________等，它们下面一般跟________词作表语。 练习 2.分析下列句子成分，在下面标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。口译，体会it的替代性用法。 1）It is very plain to me that he is round and tall like a tree. 2）It is a fact that English is being accepted as an
international language. 3）It worried her a bit than her hair was turning grey. 4）The chairman thought it necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. 5）She made it her duty to look after all the other people’s affaires in that town. 6）I don’t think it possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. 7）He made it known to his friends that he didn’t want to enter politics. 8）I leave it to your own judgment whether you should do it. 从上面我们可以看出，作形式主语和宾语一般用代词______,真正的主语或宾语通常是________或__________，放在下面。 练习 3. 分析下列句子成分，在下面标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。口译，留意定语是什么词性或结构充当，并留意定语的位置。 1）Comrades in her group often help her with grammar. 2）The women on the left are making shirts for the neighbors. 3）The letter on the desk is for Mr. Wu.
英语长难句结构分析(含 2019 年高考全国 1-3 卷长难句) 英语中句子最基本的句式只有五种，其他各种句式都是由这五种基本句式转换而来。五种基本句式如下： 1主语＋谓语(不及物动词) 2主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语 3主语＋系动词＋表语 4主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 5主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋宾语补足语 此外还有特殊句式如there be-, 强调句，倒装句等。 但是在真实的语言环境中，句子结构远非这么简单。复杂主语、复杂宾语、复杂介词短语，还有各种复杂的定语和状语等修饰成分让句子变得异常复杂。高考阅读理解、完型填空和语法填空经常出现结构复杂的长难句，影响考生对语篇文段的理解。另外，新高考将包括两个写作题：读后续写(概要写作)和应 用文写作。在评分标准中把“尽力使用较复杂语法结构”视为是否得高分的标准之一。因此，学会分析长难句显得格外重要。 一个句子之所以成为长难句，就是因为句子各部分成分和结构复杂，具体说就是句中出现了复杂主语、复杂宾语、复杂修饰语(介词短语、非谓语动词、定语和状语)以及各种从句等。下面分类解析： 1、复杂主语 包括下列情形：含有连词如and, both...and..., either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but (also), as well as；非谓语动词做主语；主语从句充当主语；同位语结构做主语等。如： Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage ( 从事) in dangerous and risky behavior.”(2019高考全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解D) (as well as 连接those who...与those least liked ...做主语)
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长难句分析三大黄金规则 1.一个句子有且只有一个谓语，如果一个句子有了两个或两个以上的谓语，则必有连词或从句的出现（注意定语从句和宾语从句连词的省略，to do,doing没有be动词都不是谓语动词） 2.去除所有修饰成分，介词短语，非谓语动词，修饰语等 3.唯一仅前：一个谓语仅能对应最近的主语（从句到主句） In a2001study of158hospital nurses,those who faced considerable work demands but coped with the challenge were more likely to say they were in good health than those who felt they couldn't get the job done.(2005.四级阅读.Text2) 【分析】主句：those were more likely to say+that宾语从句 修饰成分：who faced considerable work demands but coped with the challenge定语从句，修饰those they were in good health than those...作say的宾语从句 who felt they couldn't get the job done定语从句修饰those 【必背词汇】considerable相当多的，相当大的 coped with对付，应付 【翻译】2001年，一项针对158名医院护士的调查研究表明，那些可以很好地应付繁重的工作负担的人，更有可能表露他们的身体状况良好;而那些无法胜任工作的人则不然。 So you can imagine the reaction when a recent USA Today investigation of air quality around the nation’s schools singled out those in the smugly green village of Berkeley,Calif.,as being among the worst in the country.(2009.六级阅读.12.Text1) 【分析】主句：So you can imagine the reaction 修饰成分：when a recent USA Today investigation...singled out those...as being among the worst...时间状语从句 of air quality介词短语作定语，修饰investigation around the nation’s schools地点状语 in the smugly green village of Berkeley,Calif.介词短语作定语，修饰those 【必背词汇】investigation调查 single out sth as...挑出...作为... smugly自鸣得意地；沾沾自喜地 【翻译】近来《今日美国》对全国范围内学校周边空气质量进行了一次调查，调查结果指出那些一向以位于加州伯克利绿色小镇自夸的学校拥有全国最差的空气质量，大众对此的反应可想而知。 Precisely because readers from different historical periods,places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the page—including for texts that engage with fundamental human concerns—debates about texts can play an important role in social
句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句 一、句子成分 （一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 （二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词） We often speak English in class.（代词） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. （四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如： Our teacher of English is an American.（名词） Is it yours?（代词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词） Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） The machine must be out of order.（介词短语） Time is up. The class is over.（副词） The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句） （五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词） The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词） How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词） They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语） I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句） 宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.
1.The American economic system is. organized around a basically private-enterprise market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. [参考译文]美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费 者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。 2. Thus in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. [参考译文]因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望 和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用 来制造它们。 3. If on the other hand producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. [参考译文]另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和 制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。 4. In the American economy the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual. [参考译文]在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有权，也指其他一些特 定的权利，如确定一个产品价格和与另一个私人个体(经济单位)自由签定合同的权利。 5. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. [参考译文]同时这些计算机记录下哪些时间是最忙的，哪些员工工作效率最高，这样就能相 应地做出人员人事安排。而且它们(计算机)也能为促销活动找到那些拥有优先权的顾客。
洛基英语，中国在线英语教育领导品牌 1. But it’s easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards. 2. The fridge’s effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. 3. It may then take us a long time to render it intelligent by loading in the right software or by altering the architecture but that too will happen. 4. As the intelligence of robots increase to match that of humans and as their cost declines through economies of scale we may use them to expand our frontiers. 5. Further ahead, by a combination of the great wealth this new age will bring and the technology it will provide, the construction of a vast, man-created world in space, home to thousands or millions of people, will be within our power. 6. Later, people tried to lift a building off its foundation, and insert rubber and steel between the building and its foundation to reduce the impact of ground vibrations. 7. If they are not sincere and do not practise what they preach, their children may grow confused and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled. 8. For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently, which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and self-awareness as you modify and apply the techniques of reading. 9. “In Japan, a most competitive society with stronger discipline than ours.”Says Isaac Stern. “children are ready to test their limits every day in many fields, including music.” 10. What does the phrase ‘learning to use a computer’mean? It sounds like ‘learning to drive a car’; that is , it sounds as if there is some set of definite skills that, once acquired, enable one to use a computer. 1、但是如果对绩效差的业绩也进行奖励或者让人们对奖励有太多的预期，是很容易抹杀创造性的。