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高中英语(人教版选修8)Unit 5 Section_Ⅳ Grammar_-_Writing

Section_ⅣGrammar_&_Writing

现在完成进行时

一、现在完成进行时

现在完成进行时是一种兼有现在完成时和现在进行时两者基本特点的时态。其结构是“have (has) ＋been＋现在分词”。现在完成进行时有以下几方面的含义：1．表示动作从过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在并有可能延续下去，常与 for, since 引导的时间状语连用。

I have been teaching English for almost twenty years.

我教英语将近有20年了。

They have been living here for 10 years.

他们住在这里10年了。

2．表示动作刚刚结束。

I have been waiting for you for about half an hour.

我等你大概半个小时了。

3．表示动作的重复(指断断续续，而非一直不停)。

They have been discussing the matter several times this year.

这件事他们今年已经讨论好几次了。

4．表示某种感情色彩。

I have been wanting to see you for a long time.

我想要见你已好久了。

[考题印证]1

①(湖南高考改编)Since the time humankind started gardening, we have_been_trying (try) to make our environment more beautiful.

②(江西高考改编)—Tony, why are your eyes red?

—I have_been_cutting (cut) up peppers for the last five minutes.

③(福建高考改编)The girl has a great interest in sport and has_been_taking (take) badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.

二、现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别

我一直在考虑这件事。(延续性)

I have thought it over.

我已经考虑过这件事了。(影响及结果)

I have been visiting my hometown recently.

最近我经常回老家。(动作重复)

I have visited my hometown recently.

最近我回老家了。(不表示动作的反复)

Recently she has helped me a lot.

最近她帮了我很多。(陈述事实)

Recently she has always been helping me.

最近她总是来帮我。(赞许)

[点津] 有些动词不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时：

状态动词be, have, exist；

情感动词like, love, hate, detest；

感觉动词see, hear, know, feel, sound；

短暂性动词及短语finish, marry, get up, come, go等。

They have gone to Shanghai.

他们已经去上海了。

They have been to Shanghai.

他们曾去过上海。

We have already finished the work.

我们已经完成了工作。

[考题印证]2

(全国卷Ⅱ改编)The manager has_been_telling (tell) the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.

Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空

1．Sorry, I’m full. I have_had (have) supper already.

2．Maria has_been_learning/has_learned (learn) English for two years and she does well in it.

3．Li Ming went (go) abroad last year. We haven’t_heard (not hear) from each

other since then.

4．Hello, Tom. I have_been_looking (look) for you all morning. Where have you been?

5．All these years they have_been_contributing (contribute) articles to our magazine.

Ⅱ.用适当的时态完成句子

1．It has_been_raining since last week.

自从上周以来一直下雨。

2．I am tired out. I have_been_working the whole afternoon.

我累坏了。我一直工作了一下午了。

3．Too much has_been_happening today.

今天真是个多事的日子啊。

4．He has_written a novel.

他已经写了一部小说。

5．Have_you_met him recently?

你最近见过他吗？

6．They have_been_married for almost 15 years.

他们结婚将近15年了。

物品介绍类说明文

此图是三星堆出土的一件陶盉，假设你是三星堆博物馆的一名工作人员，

请用英语写一篇文章介绍该陶盉。

参考词汇：圆盖 dome；实用茶壶 functional jug

①It is a clay pot, which was found with other bronze objects.

②It rests on three thick legs which make it very steady. ③It has a long straight body ending in a dome at the top of the lid. ④There is also an open mouth — like part to pour the liquid in or out. ⑤The handle reaches from below the open hole to the beginning of the three thick legs.

⑥It could have been used to hold and pour wine or other liquid. ⑦It is elegant enough to be used by rich people at parties. ⑧The owners of this object clearly wanted a functional jug but one that had style and elegance. ⑨They were clearly people with artistic taste. ○10It must have come from an old but advanced civilization.

本文共分三段。

第一段：开门见山，简要介绍考古发现的物品是什么。

第二段：具体描述发掘出土的物品。可以描述它的组成、外观和特征等。

第三段：根据上文描述，合理推测其功能及其所反映出的重要文化意义。

亮点一：在②句中用steady 作宾语补足语；

在③句中用现在分词短语ending ...作后置定语；

亮点二：在①句和②句中用which引导定语从句。

如何写物品介绍类说明文

物品介绍类说明文写作应注意以下几点：

1．抓准特征、说明到位。

抓住事物的特征，即这一事物区别于其他事物的标志就显得尤为重要。只有抓住了事物的特点，才能给读者留下深刻的印象。

2．层次分明、条理清晰、内容连贯。

物品介绍类说明文要采用恰当的说明顺序，从物品的外观、构造、功能等方面来分层描述，做到层次分明、条理清晰、内容连贯。

3．表现手法多样。

像其他说明文一样，物品介绍类说明文可采用举例子、列数字、作比较等不同的说明方法，以便让读者更好地了解所介绍的物品。

[黄金表达]

1．This object, which was made ... was unearthed ...

2．This was one of the most important archaeological discoveries of the ... century.

3．This treasure has a history of ... years.

4．This object, which dates back to/dates from ..., is still well preserved.

5．In the past people might have used ... for religious purposes or used it as a decoration.

6．This object represents the idea that ...

7．It consists of/is made up of ...

8．It is made of/from ...

9．This object has a history of ... but it is in good/poor condition.

10．This object doesn’t only have practical purpose; it also ...

假设你是李华。上周末你参观了国家博物馆，并对一种商朝时期

的酒器——爵，很感兴趣。请你根据以下提示，写一篇英文短文在英

语课上给同学们介绍一下爵。

名称：爵。

发现地：河南安阳。

时期：商朝。

材料：青铜。

描述：17.1厘米高，三条腿，中间U形部分是酒杯，上有花纹，在一旁有一个柄。

用途：饮酒器具，是权力的象征。

意义：饮酒器外观十分漂亮，说明它已经经历了较长的发展过程；同时也说明了当时人们制作青铜器的高超工艺水平和较高的生活和文化水平。

注意：1.词数100左右；2.开头已给出，可适当增加细节。

参考词汇：爵Jue; 器具vessel

Hello, everyone，

Last weekend, I visited the National Museum.What I’m most interested in is a type of drinking vessel.________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________

参考范文：

Hello, everyone，

Last weekend, I visited the National Museum. What I’m most interested in is a type of drinking vessel. This vessel, called Jue, was first discovered in Anyang, Henan Province, which was made of bronze.

The vessel is 17.1 cm high and has three legs. The middle part, which is a U -shaped body, is the cup of the vessel and it is decorated with carved patterns. There is a handle at one side.

It was used to drink during the Shang Dynasty and was a symbol of authority.

The vessel is very beautiful and smart. It shows the high level skills at bronze craftsmanship of people at that time. It also shows that the people had a fairly high standard of living and culture of their own.

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