高分作文的三个特征：
1、内容要简单。
2、结构要清晰。
3、语言要精彩。
书信作文的写法
【分类】
申请信
建议信感谢信道歉信告知信邀请信求助信咨询信非主流书信
【套路】
开头段：问候、自我介绍、写信背景、写信目的中间段：具体问题+具体分析（T-D 结构）
结尾段：补充说明+客套话
开门见山说意图
咨询建议123
不同内容可分段
感谢客气不可少
期待回信成老套
【套话】
1、开头段写法：
（1）问候：How are you doing?(生熟)/How is it going?(熟人)
（2）自我介绍：I am LiHua, a 17-year-old boy currently studying in XXX middle school, who is fond of/is crazy about…
（3）写信背景：Recently, I learned that…/ I heard…/ I learned in your newspaper …/our teacher told me that …/I learned in your
micro-blog that…
（4）写信目的：So, I am writing to do sth. / Now, I am writing to do sth.
申请信：So, I am writing to apply for the position/opportunity. 建议信：So, I am writing to give you some suggestions.
So, I am writing to give you a hand（帮你一把）. 感谢信：So, I am writing to express my heartfelt gratitude to you. 道歉信：So, I am writing to express my heartfelt apology to you. 告知信：Now, I am writing to tell/inform you some details. 邀请信：So, I would like to invite you to be our guest嘉宾/judge裁判. 求助信：So, I am writing to ask you to give me a hand/do me a favor. So, I have no choice but to turn to you for help.
咨询信：Now, I am writing to ask you for some detailed information. 非主流书信：视情况而定，有时不写“写信目的”。
2、中间段写法
【申请信】There are several reasons why I am fit for the position. 1,2,3,4…
【建议信】Here are several suggestions for you.
【感谢信】Whenever I recall those days, I just can’t help thinking of you. It was so kind of you to do sth1. Besides, you did sth2, which really moved me. What’s more, you also did sth3. Nothing would be able to erase our wonderful memories and I will cherish them forever.
【道歉信】（为过去/将来道歉）
How I wish I had done/would do sth1! However, I was/am chosen/ordered/required/asked to do sth2, which really means a lot to me, in that (写出sth2到底多重要). So, I have no choice but to break my promise(食言). I believe that if you were me, you would make the same choice. Hopefully, you would accept my apology and understand my situation.
【告知信】To begin with,… Besides,… What’s more,… Finally,…
【邀请信】Here are some details about this activity. To begin with, …Besides, … What’s more,… Finally,…
【求助信】To begin with, would you be so kind as to do sth? Besides, I wonder if it is convenient for you to do sth? What’s more, I also need you to do sth. Finally, can you do sth?
【咨询信】To begin with, would you be so kind as to tell me sth? Besides, I wonder if it is convenient for you to tell me sth? What’s more, I
also need you to tell me sth. Finally, can you tell me sth?
3、结尾段写法
（1）Hopefully ，you would do sth.
（2）Hopefully, these suggestions would be helpful for you.
（3）Thanks for reading my letter in such a hot summer.
（4）Please drop me a line or send me a text message to let me know your decision soon. （5）I am looking forward to your reply (at your earliest convenience).
4,过渡词
(1)分两点拓展：
TT. For one thing,… For another,….
TT. On the one hand,…On the other hand,…
(2)分三点拓展：
First and foremost,….
首先的也是最重要的一件事儿是, …Additionally, …./ In addition,…
更进一步而言，….
Last but (certainly) not least,…
最后的但当然不是最不重要的是, ….
(4)分四点拓展：
大学英语作文开头结尾万能句型 英语写作有其特定的套路， 句式句型就是其中之一。 以下是小编带来的资料， 希望对你有帮助。 开头万能公式 1. 开头万能公式一：名人名言
有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办?尤其是英语名言?”，很 好办：编! 原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所 以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理呦!而且没准将来我们就是名人呢!对吧? 经典句型： A proberb says, “ You are only young once.” (适用于已 记住的名言) It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. (适用于自 编名言) 更多经典句型： As everyone knows, No one can deny that… 2. 开头万能公式二：数字统计 原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。 原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试 的时候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以 不妨试用下面的句型： According to a recent survey, about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation. 看起来这个数字文邹邹的， 其实都是编造出来的， 下面随便几个题目我们都 可以这样编造： Honesty： 根据最近的一项统计调查显示， 大学生向老师请假的理由当中 78% 都是假的。
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1. 成功的四个步骤Four Steps to a Successful Four Steps to a Successful The first time in life? Then grasp your chance with your perfect performance o n the dating night, by learning the following principle in heart. Dress properly. While everyone wants to give an impressive debut on the first date, you should avoid wearing something too bizarre to be accepted. If you are st ill in school, a sportswear can fulfill your purpose. For businessman or grownups, c asual clothes are recommended. Never put up your working uniforms,no matter ho w well you like that Armani suit. It is no work. A few accessories such as a pair o f sunglasses or silver loops on the wrist can add up to the romance sphere. Take a bath before dating. And if you like, spray a little perfume, but unless y ou＇re sure that he or she likes the smell,don＇t use ones that are too strong. Watch your manner. You＇re no prince of the Scotland nor Cinderella in the le gend. Proper manners will ensure a lasting relationship while bad ones scare away your sweetheart. And do make sure you do not boast about your fortune, for, not everyone are green addicts. And your way of smiling, or your greatestoath, should neither be "coy" nor "by St. Loy!" after the nun in Chaucer. Be a little sensitive than merely innocent. Do make sure you do not intrude hi s or her privacy on the first date. For there maybe something deeply concealed wit hin the inner core of every heart, of which the owner doesn＇t share often with an yone but his intimacy. Finally, wish you good luck. May you get your hearts combined and start a ne w journey in the miracle of life and love. Stay tuned till a borderline is reached, an d keep on through out the whole way. 简评看来第一次约会真是令人兴奋并紧张期待的。为第一次约会所提出的建议也是仁者见仁、智者见智。王永同学用词简单、结构精炼，读起来节奏快，例如：“Dress Properly．．．．I f you are still in school，a sportswear can fulfill your purpose．For businessman Or growmups，casual clothes are recommended．”这样的文章结构像是在提醒我们时不我待，要抓住机会，抓紧时间。 2. 我的宿舍生活My Dormitory Life My Dormitory Life Compared with the forty year old shabby dormitory I am living in now, the one I lived in for three years in high school was heaven: three students shared o ne brand new suite with air conditioners and a bathroom. In three years time we changed it thoroughly:the color of the floor turned from bright pink into muddy gray, and the closet a hive of insects proliferating among p
大学英语作文(精选多篇) 第一篇：大学英语作文 directions: twomonthsagoyougotajobasaneditorforthemagazinedesigns&fas hions.butnowyoufindthattheworkisnotwhatyouexpected.youdecidet oquit.writealettertoyourboss,mr.wang,tellinghimyourdecision,s tatingyourreason(s),andmakinganapology. writeyourletterwithnolessthan120words. don'tsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;use"liming"instea d.youdonotneedtowritetheaddress. 范文一： dearmr.wang, afterseriousconsideration,idecidedtoendmyworkaheadofsched ule.maybeitisreallyasurpriseforyou,however,ineedtotellyouthat theworkisnotwhatiexpected.sorrytobringyoutheinconvenience. duringsevenmonthsworkinyourteam,ihavelearnedalotabouthowt oworkinaworld- famouscompany.alsoafterwitnessingthewholeprogressofourgroup,i havelearnedthecrueltyofcompetitioninindustry.itsobviouslytrue thaticanstilllearnalotificontinueworkinyourteam.butireallynee
高考英语作文套路 Recently, the problem of …has aroused people's concern. 最近,……问题已引起人们的关注. （The Internet）has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well. （互联网）已在我们的生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色.它给我们带来了许多好处,但也产生了一些严重的问题. Nowadays, (overpopulation) has become a problem we have to face. 如今,(人口过剩)已成为我们不得不面对的问题了. It is commonly believed that …/ It is a common belief that … 人们一般认为…… Many people insist that …很多人坚持认为…… With the development of science and technology, more and more people believe that…随着科技的发展,越来越多的人认为…… A lot of people seem to think that …很多人似乎认为…… 引出不同观点: People's views on …vary from person to person. Some hold that …. However, others believe that…. 人们对……的观点因人而异.有些人认为……,然而其他人却认为……People may have different opinions on …人们对……可能会有不同的见解.
十句作文范文背诵 原因篇 作文要求考生对某社会现象或社会问题进行解释。 Sample 1: Why College Students Take a Part-Time Job 1.最近几年越来越多的大学生加入打工的队伍 2. 为什么大学生要打工 3. 大学生打工 的意义 (1) According to a recent survey, about 25 percent of Chinese college students now hold a part-time or temporary job, compared with nearly none 10 years ago, and this figure increases to 72 percent during summer vacation. (2) College students are seen waiting on tables, clerking in stores, advertising in streets, teaching in families and doing whatever work they can find. (3) Why do they want odd jobs – jobs usually requiring little skill and knowledge? (4) The primary reason, I think, is money. (5) Feeling the pressure of soaring inflation as books, movies and bus fares have all gone up in price, there is scarcely a young boy or girl who does not want to earn a little money to help cover the increasingly higher college costs, and at best save enough to go travelling or buy things they have long desired. (6) In this way they hope to be economically independent and avoid the indignity of having to ask for money again and again. (7) Besides they want to gain some experience in the ways of society. (8) Students growing up from nursery school to college only know about books and have trouble dealing with realities. (9) Working on a part-time basis can provide them with a rare opportunity to know the outside world and prepare them for a future career. (10) The significance for college students of doing a part-time job means more than money and experience: It will broaden their outlook and exert a profound influence on their personality and life. 理由篇 叙述理由和分析原因是属于同一类型的英语议论文。所不同的是后者是解释某一社会现象或社会问题，而前者则解释写作者——我，为什么要干某事或不干某事。 Sample 1: The Most Unforgettable Person I Ever Knew 1. 我生活中最难以忘怀的人是…… 2. 为什么他（或她）一直在我心中 3. 结论 (1) In my life I have met many people who are really worth recalling. (2) But perhaps the most unforgettable person I ever knew is my Chinese language teacher. (3) What frequently brings back memories of my school teacher is his special qualities. (4) First of all, I was attracted by his lively wit. (5) I remember that we students always anticipated his class with great eagerness because his lecture were humorously delivered, never failing to provoke chuckles or loud laughs. (6) Second, he gave us the greatest gift a teacher can offer – an awakening of a passion for learning. (7) He not only led us to an appreciation of the beauty and perfection of Chinese and literature, but also aroused our great interest in exploring something deeper in this field. (8) Finally, I was deeply impressed by the respect he showed for us. (9) As he treated us like friends rather than students, we all liked to visit his home for social activities as well as for academic advice.
高中英语作文万能模式：英语书信类作文写 作模板 书信： 【高分套路】 但凡应试书信，逃不出三种段落： 开头段：四大内容 1、问候； 2、自我介绍； 3、写信背景；为什么会写这封信 4、写信目的；写这封信想达到什么目的 中间段：具体问题+具体分析； 结尾段：客套话； 口诀： 开门见山说意图 咨询建议123 不同内容可分段 感谢客气不可少 期待回信成老套 【经典套话】 （一）开头段：灵活地去写四种内容：
1、问候； How are you doing? How is everything going? How is life treating you? 2、自我介绍； I am LiHua, a 17-year-old boy currently studying in XXX middle school. I am LiHua, who... 【李华同志的个人简历】 由于我们在考场上的身份几乎年年都是李华，因此我们在这里有必要了解一下李华同志的一些个人情况。当然，这位同志的个人情况是可以有我们自己人为设置的。为了给阅卷老师留下一个好印象，我们将李华同志的个人简历概括为：一个人见人爱的好孩子。 hardworking diligent help my parents to do housework take part in CCTV national English speech competition won the second prize in CCTV national English speech competition vice monitor
vice chairman of the students’union worked as a volunteer for the Olympic Games worked as a volunteer for the 21st century have many foreign friends and often chat with them happily in starbark. 3、写信背景（写信的缘由） I heard that ... My teacher told me... I am informed that... I learned that...我得知... I read in your newspaper/ micro-blog /website that... You said in your last letter that... 4、写信目的； Now, I am writing to do sth. Now, I am writing this letter to do sth. Now, I am writing these few lines to do sth. 【七种最常见书信的“写信目的”部分的最佳写法】 自荐信： Now, I am writing to apply for the job/position. 感谢信: Now, I am writing to show/ express my heartfelt gratitude to you.
（一）My View／Opinions／Ideas．．．on．．．题型套路1： (Lead-in sentence… ) People's view／opinions／ideas．．．on．．．vary from person to person．Some people think that．．．they hold this opinion because．．． However，others hold that．．．,because… As to me, I am in favor of the f irst/second idea(I think those who think that…are right/neither of the two ideas is right)．The following are the reasons for my choice(personal inclination)．First(Firstly/First of all), … , Second(Secondly/Besides)，．．．,… /(because…) Therefore／In a word／From the above analysis/Admittedly,．．． My View on Donating Blood Nowadays, we often talk about donating blood. People's ideas about donating blood vary from person to person．Some people think th at it is glorious to donate blood．They hold this opinion because those who are in urgent need of blood can be saved．However，others hold that it is foolish for people to donate blood．In their opinion，blood is very precious and losing 200ml or more may do harm to their health． As to me I am in favor of the first idea．The following are the reasons for my choice．First，while it is true that the loss of too much blood is dangerous to one's health，it does not mean that donating a little blood is also harmful．On the contrary，doctors say that donating a little blood can promote metabolism．Second，there are many people who need our help．If my little donation of blood can pull back somebody on the way to death，will there be anything that can make me happier？ In a word，donating blood is glorious．套路2： (Lead-in sentence… ) Different people have different views on ．．．It is held that．．．But it is also held that．．． Those who hold the first opinion…, because… .In contrast，those who hold the second view．．．,because… As to me，I agree with the former( latter )opinion(view, idea),because… . My View on Friendship Friendship is very important to all of us. It is wealth. Different people have different views on friendship．It is held that a friend in need is a friend indeed．But it is also held that friendship means understanding each other． Those who hold the first opinion often ask their friends for help when necessary．They regard those who help them as friends but regard those who don't help them as mere acquaintances．In contrast，those who hold the second view believe that they have no right to ask their friends to do everything for them，especially those things that might be inconvenient for their friends． As to me，I agree with the latter opinion．Admittedly，friends should help each other，but this is not to say that friends must agree to offer help in any circumstances．If we want to keep our friendship，we should cherish it but not use it．What's more，it should be understood that with the modern pace of living most people are busy．They may not have time to lend their friends a hand on short notice．In a word，understanding is preferable to need．
The Advantages and Disadvantages of Living in the 21st century(生活在21世纪的优缺点) Living in the 21st century offers certain advantages,such as a higher standard of living, but it also has some disadvantages, such as a polluted environment. To begin with, most people now have more money for less hard work. They earn higher salaries than before and enjoy better social security, such as social welfare for laid-off workers and disability insurance. Secondly, because of the advance in medical technology which leads to better medical care and treatment, people’s life expectancy is longer. Moreover, most people now can afford to buy foods of high nutrition and enjoy their leisure time. Thirdly, modern conveniences such as radio, TV, internet, various vehicles and labour-saving machines in the home, all greatly facilitate human communication, transportation and housework as well. Nevertheless, living in the 21st century also has its disadvantages. The most serious one is the increasingly polluted environment; air is filled with smog and water is contaminated by iehemicals from factories.Another main disadvantage is the personalization of human relattonships which mostly result from people’s ever-increasing contact with machines and numbers. Still one more disadvantage
大学生英语作文的套路 贾胜锡（西工大） 1324628159@https://www.doczj.com/doc/4418474232.html, 2013-4 【小引】 凡古今为文作书者皆有序，我无甚可序，只此一引以效。 我英语学的不好，勉强能混考试，写作就写的更不好了。但这并不影响我去研究写作。就像美食家只要负责学会赞美食物的形容词，诸如色香味俱全之类，并无关烹饪技术之高低。之所以要写此文基于如下几个原因： 1、小胖子说最近考英语，要我找几篇作文背一背好应付考试，正好赶上我今天懒得学习，打dota的话人又凑不齐，所以就来研究一下写作。 2、本想抄几篇范文给小胖子，后来一想，以后的考试还比较多，用到的地方就多了，每次都抄麻烦，不如好好总结一下，以后也能受益，省了好多劳动。此一劳永逸之举实属懒惰所致。见笑。 3、现在市场上的写作书好多啊，但是太厚、太贵、太多废话、太多文章；分析不深入、例子不典型、看了没啥用。所以，还是自己搞比较靠谱。 话不多说。 之所以要总结其套路，是因为它真的是有套路的，而且这是提高写作对付考试最实用有效的方法（个人观点，绝对原创，如有雷同，我没抄你！）。如果想有水平上的实质提高，简单说就是想要文章写的有味道，此文不适合你，你可以去参考Scott Dreyer 编写的、机械工业出版社的《美国老师教你写出好英文》——此书绝对不是哗众取宠之作，细心研读，别有风味。 1
此文适用于遇到题目不知道怎么写的，适用于15分钟还写不完的，适用于抓耳挠腮字数凑不够的，适用于写作没入门的。所列4篇范文，希望背过，可熟练的默写。在此基础上可以在平日练习中多多总结，自有提高。 下面我以六级、考研、全国英语竞赛的文章为材料一一分析。（写作一般有两种——大作文和小作文，小作文是指书信、招聘广告等应用文及图标文章，这个在英语竞赛中以及雅思中会有，分值不大，暂不研究。以后有闲心再说，这里只讲大作文的套路。）【一2012年英语竞赛c类初赛】 此文题目为：College students have many ways to finance their college education . They may get help from their parents ,find part-time jobs , apply for loans , or win scholarships . Which ways do you think are better for college students to choose in order to cover tuition fees and other living costs ? Give your ideas and state your reason for it . 下面这篇范文给我们展示了套模板的高超技艺。请看：（手打的，好辛苦……）With the increase of the tuition fees in college , it comes out an inevitable question that how the college students finance their college education 。Some ways emerged , including getting help from their parents , finding part-time jobs ,applying for loans , or winning scholarship . Then , a heated topic over which ways seem to be better than the others has become more and more popular . From my point of view , finding part-time jobs and winning scholarships are two proper ways to answer this question . The reasons why I choose these two ways are as following: First of all , it is an obligation for students to try their best to get a good record . It is quite possible for a student who studies hard to win scholarship to cover tuition fees . Secondly , with the supplement of the money earned by part-time jobs , living costs can be solved . Last but not the least , working experiences can be gained from part-time jobs which can also help students to find a good job after graduation . From the reasons above , it can be concluded that finding part-jobs and winning scholarships are the best ways to finance students. 不要怀疑你的眼睛，这个真的是2012年全国大学生英语竞赛（c类初赛）的参考范文。霸气吧，你看这模板套的多出色，落霞与孤鹜齐飞，腐朽共神奇痛在你。真乃奇文一篇！ 通过这篇文章，我想我们可以借鉴的就是--如何套模板。且看： 1、一般，第一段就是把题目阐述一下，而此文第一句硬生生的为所讨论的问题加上了背景——“学费增加”，题目中也没说呀。所以，经验一:可以根据具体需要自己加内容。下面演示一下，照此思路还可以这么写With the increase of the number of college students , it comes out an inevitable question that how the college students finance their college education 。（太无耻了是吧？对，你已经入门了） 2、“Some ways emerged , including ……”此句给我们展示了一个如何将题目中的内容在文章中再说一遍的号方法——将其变为动名词，用including再罗列一边，简单吧。 2
英语作文万能句子：大学英语作文万能句子精选 1.开头万能公式一：名人名言 有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办?尤其是英语(论坛)名言?”，很好办：编! 原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文 章也是，所以即使编，但是一定要听起来很有道理呦!而且没准将来我们就是名人呢!对吧? 经典句型： aproberb says,“you are only young once.”(适用于已记住的名言) it goes without saying that we cannot be young forever.(适用于自编名言) 更多经典句型：as everyone knows, no one can deny that… 2.开头万能公式二：数字统计 原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。 原则上在议论文当中十不应该出现虚假数字的，不过在考试的时 候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所 以不妨试用下面的句型： according to arecent survey,about78.9 the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation. 看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个 题目我们都能够这样编造： honesty
根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。 Travel by bike 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选 的交通工具是自行车。 youth 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。 five-day workweek better than six-daywork? 根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。 更多句型： arecent statistics shows that… 1.结尾万能公式一：如此结论 说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇 大论，到最后终于冒出个"总来说之"之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，这样，你就能够拿高分了!比如下面的例子： Obviously(此为过渡短语), we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others. 如果读者很难"显而见之"，但说无妨，就当读者的眼光太浅罢了! 更多过渡短语： to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus
英语作文结尾句型套路 1.表示总结in a word 总而言之in conclusion 后to sum up 总而言之in brief 简单说来in short 简而言之in summery 总的说，扼要的说to conclude 总之，后to summarize总之to draw the a conclusion that… 下结论，得出结论to reach the conclusion that... 得出结论，取得结论to arrive at the conclusion that... 得出结论，形成结论to come to the conclusion that... 得出结论，形成结论例如:In conclusion, women drivers are safer drivers than men 例如:In conclusion, women drivers are safer drivers than mendrivers... In short, we should use our money properly. From What has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that it is important to take steps to control the situation. 2.表示概括on the whole 就全体来看all in all 整个说来，大体而言in general generally speaking 概括地说，就一般而言Just as I mentioned above before 正如我前面所提到的那样……As was previously stated，
三一文库（https://www.doczj.com/doc/4418474232.html,）/演讲致辞/英语演讲稿 大学英语作文范文 1.成功的四个步骤fourstepstoasuccessful fourstepstoasuccessful thefirsttimeinlife?thengraspyourchancewithyour perfectperformanceonthedatingnight,bylearningt hefollowingprincipleinheart. dressproperly.whileeveryonewantstogiveanimpres sivedebutonthefirstdate,youshouldavoidwearings omethingtoobizarretobeaccepted.ifyouarestillin school,asportswearcanfulfillyourpurpose.forbus inessmanorgrownups,casualclothesarerecommended .neverputupyourworkinguniforms,nomatterhowwell youlikethatarmanisuit.itisnowork.afewaccessori essuchasapairofsunglassesorsilverloopsonthewri stcanadduptotheromancesphere.
takeabathbeforedating.andifyoulike,sprayalittl eperfume,butunlessyou＇resurethatheorshelikesthesmell,don＇tuseonesthataretoostrong. watchyourmanner.you＇renoprinceofthescotlandnorcinderellainthelegen d.propermannerswillensurealastingrelationshipw hilebadonesscareawayyoursweetheart.anddomakesu reyoudonotboastaboutyourfortune,for,noteveryon earegreenaddicts.andyourwayofsmiling,oryourgre atestoath,shouldneitherbe"coy"nor"byst.loy!"af terthenuninchaucer. bealittlesensitivethanmerelyinnocent.domakesur eyoudonotintrudehisorherprivacyonthefirstdate. fortheremaybesomethingdeeplyconcealedwithinthe innercoreofeveryheart,ofwhichtheownerdoesn＇tshareoftenwithanyonebuthisintimacy. finally,wishyougoodluck.mayyougetyourheartscom binedandstartanewjourneyinthemiracleoflifeandl ove.staytunedtillaborderlineisreached,andkeepo