代词
人称代词2 物主代词3 反身代词4. 相互代词5. 指示代词6. 疑问代词7. 关系代词8. 连接一
在作表语时，用宾格较多，例如：Who is knocking at the door? --- It’s me.
但在强调结构中却常用主格：It is I that∕who will love you from beginning to end.
在使用人称代词时有下面几点值得注意：
1）she可以用来代表国家，船只，大地，月亮等。e.g. I think England will do what she promised to do.
2) 在并列的主语中，I总放在最后。e.g.①Mary and I will be in charge of the case.
②You,she and I ,who are all good friends,should love one another from the bottom of our heart forever.
3) 第三人称，男女两性并用时，男先女后。e.g. He and she still don’t agree to the plan.
二
1.
2.
1) 主语Ours is a big family.
2）宾语The life in your country is quite different from ours.
3）表语Whose dictionary is this? ----it’s mine.
4）“of +名词性物主代词”可用作定语That car of hers is always breaking down.= Her car is …….
三
1
1
2) 作表语I am not quite myself these days.
3）作主语或宾语的同位语The theory itself is all right.
在作同位语时，自身代词常译作“本人”或“亲自”
They must make investigation themselves.他们必须亲自作调查。
与by oneself较难区分by oneself 译为“一个人干（不要别人帮助）”
They made the machine all by themselves. 这机器完全是他们自己制造的。
2．自身代词常和某些动词连用
enjoy oneself, behave oneself(使自己举止良好),help yourself to sth. 请吃点https://www.doczj.com/doc/4376542.html,e to oneself苏醒
3．常与某些介词连用
by oneself 一个人做（不要别人帮助）
for oneself替自己，自己He has a right to decide for himself. 他有权自己决定。
in oneself 本身This is not a bad idea in itself. 这主意本身并不错。
to oneself供自己用She had a room to herself. 她自己住一间房。
四相互代词
One another与each other由于表示相互关系，称为相互代词，两者的用法是差不多的。
We can help one another (each other).
We are eager to learn from each other.
五指示代词
有this, that, these, those.
注意：
1．前面刚提到的东西，英语中常用that (或those)表示。
e.g.①We have no time to do it. That’s our trouble.
②The umbrella you bought yesterday is cheaper than that I bought a moment ago.
③
2.
I want to know this: has John been here?
3 those在下面的这种类型的句子里常出现，表示人们或东西（后面多有一定定语修饰）
Those who learn not only from books but also through practice will succeed.
六疑问代词
有who, whom, whose, what, which都是来构成特殊问句的。Who通常做主语和表语，whom做宾语。
1 what, who 一般来说，what 问的是职业或地位，who问的是姓名。
----What was her husband?
---- He was a lawyer.
比较---- who was her husband?
----- He was John Smith, the son of a famous writer.
2 which, what
Which用于已知情况的选择，其后可以跟of, 而what用于未知情况的疑问，其后不能跟of.
What fruit do you like best?
Which do you like better, oranges or apples?
3 在以这类代词做主语时，后面的动词可以用复数形式，也可以用单数形式，要看所代表的人或物是复数还是单数来决定。
e.g. Who live(s) in this room?
如果不清楚代表的东西是复数还是单数，则动词多用单数形式。
-----What’s there on the desk?
①Whether they win or lose is all the same to me.
②What I really care about is whether it works or not.
③That china is a great socialist country is well known.
④The idea that the earth is round is not a new one.
⑤I did n′t know what had happened until he told me the news.
⑥After 5 hours′drive,they got to what they thought was the place they had been dreaming of.
⑦When will the person who you think is up to the task come to work?
⑧How he worked it out is still a secret.
代词what有时可以用来表示the thing which这种意思。
We should never pretend to know what we don’t know.
2 who(m), which, what等可以和ever构成合成词，和前面所提到的疑问代词一样，引导名从。
whatever［=anything﹨everything that或any ］, whichever (=anyone who∕anything that…)whoever (=anyone who) , whomever (=anyone whom…)whoseve r(﹦anyone whose)等可用于引导名词性从句。这类引导词均相当于“先行词＋关
系代词”，没有疑问语气，但没有ever的引导词which, who等却依含有疑问意味。如：
①The poor young man is ready to accept whatever (=any) help he can get. 那个年青人意愿接受能得到的任何帮助。
②Whoever (=Anyone who) comes will be welcome. 任何人来都欢迎。
③This kind of book is of great help to whoever wants to do the job. 你们之中谁想要，我就给谁。
﹍﹍﹍﹍will come to help with my English has n′t been decided.
A .No matter who B.Whoever C.Whatever D.Who
案D只有D带有疑问口气.
八．不定代词：
英语中有下面这些不定代词：all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no.以及一些复合不定代词，如：anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everything, nobody, nothing.
1.some, any和no的用法
1). some /any+可数名词复数/不可数名词
2). some用于肯定句或期待肯定应答的疑问句。any用于疑问句或否定句，在肯定句中表示“任何一个”
Would you like some tea?
You can ask me if you have any questions.
3). some of +代词宾格复数∕+ the + 名词复数
I have no car. ( I have not a car.)
We had no bread for breakfast. (We had not any bread for breakfast.)
Exercise : Fill in the blanks with some, any or no
1). I asked her for _______ paper, but she didn’t have _______.some any
2). Would you like to have _______ bananas? Yes, I’d like to.some
3). Lucy has _______ bike and she often rides her sister’s bike.no
4). ______ of the plants grow well. Some
5). There is _______ air on the moon. no
There isn't ____ paper in the box. Will you go and get ____ for me?
A．any; some B．any; any C．some; some D．some; any A
1). I have a little good friends in our class.(改错) a little----a few
A B C D
2). There is little water in the bottle, ______ _______?
(补全反意疑问句) is there
3)．There is ____ water here; but there are quite ____ empty glasses.
A．little; a few B．few; little C．few; a few D．little; a little A
4). Kate is a nice girl. She says _____ but do much. A. few B. a few C. little D. a little c 3.some，any, no, every与-thing，-body，-one构成的合成词的用法
some，any与-thing，-body，-one构成的合成词的用法与some，any一样。
something, somebody和someone用于肯定句
anything, anybody和anyone用于否定句或疑问句
注意：
1).这些代词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。如：Everything is hard at the beginning.
2). something，anything，nothing三者跟形容词时,形容词要放在它们的后面。
Be quiet! I have ____ to tell you.
A．important anything B．anything important C．important something D．something important D
4.both和all的用法：
1). both “两者都”；all “三者或以上都”
2). both+名词复数Both suggestions are good.
both of +代词宾格复数Both of my parents are healthy.
both of + the+名词复数
3). all + the+名词复数/不可数名词All the oil has been used up.
all of +代词宾格复数All of them go to the movies.
all of + the+名词复数All of the windows are open.
5.both, either和neither的用法：
both：指两者都，肯定。后面的名词要用复数，谓语动词用复数。
either：指两者中的任意一个。后面的名词要用单数，谓语动词用单数。
neither：指两者中没有一个，全否定。后面的名词要用单数，谓语动词用单数。
例如: My brother and I saw 2 movies last night,neither of which was interesting.
both…and…作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式.
either …or…“不是……就是; 或者……或者”. 连接的并列结构作主语时,谓语坚持就近原则neither…nor…“既不…又不…
Exercise:
1).Both Li Ping and I ____ (be) students. are
2).Neither Li Ping nor I ____ (be) a student. am
3).Either this answer or that answer ____ (be) correct. is
4).Both (of them) ______ (enjoy) the rice. enjoy
5). They were all asleep. _____ of them heard the sound. A. All B. Both C. None D. Neither c
6).---May I use your pen?
---Yes, here are two and you can use _____ of them. A. both B. every C. any D. either d
7). Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk ?
_____, thanks. I’d just like a cup of tea. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None b
8)．There are some trees on ____ side of the street.
A．both B．all C．Either D．everyC
6.each和every的用法：
1).each强调个体(指一定数目的两者或两者以上，可作主语、宾语、定语、同位语。做主语谓语动词用单数。)
every强调“全体”,只能作定语(后面必须跟着名词，指不定数目中的每一个)。
Each boy and each girl works hard every day in order to enter the dreamy college。
Each side of the street has a lot of trees.
Every man is not honest.并非每个人都诚实。＝Not every man is honest.
On ________ side of the street there are shops and restaurants. each
On __________ side of the square there are tall buildings. Each/every
3). every还可以表示“每隔…的；每…中的”
Every year or two每一两年every other day每隔一天
4). and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every, no修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.
Exercise:
1). --- How often are the Olympic Games held?
--- ____ four years. A. Every B. Each C. In D. For A
2). There are many trees on ____ side of the street. A. all B. every C. neither D. each d
3). ____ of them has a dictionary and ____ one of them can look up words in the dictionary
A．Each; every B．Every; each C．Each; each D．Every; every a
4).There are lots of English books here, and ____ of them is easy to understand.
A．both B．all C．every D．each D
5)．____ of them has a dictionary and ____ one of them can look
up words in the dictionary.
A．Each; every B．Every; each C．Each; each D．Every; every A
改错：
1). I gave a present to every of her parents . every改each
2). There are lots of English books here, and every of them is easy to understand. every改each
7.one, (the) other , (the) others和another的用法
1). one:一个…, 代指前面出现过的同类可数名词，复数为ones。
2). another，是泛指。I don’t like this coat. Show me another, please.
another +数字+复数名词：另外几个We need another 3 plates.
3).other表示“另外的”，只作定语;other+名词复数=others (没有范围限定）
当other 前no, any, some 等词时，可接单数形式。 e.g. any other plant, some other day(改天)，no other choice.
4).the other,两者中的另一个。常与one连用，构成one…the other (一个。。。另一个)
5).others泛指别的人或物，是other的复数形式，泛指别的人或物（但不是全部，全部是“the others”）e.g. some… others
6).the others特指其余的人或物,是the other的复数形式。
Exercise:
用another和other、others
1). Lei Feng is always ready to help ________. others
2). Some are planting trees, some are carrying water, and ______ are watering the trees . others
3). I have got ten pencils. Two of them are red , the _______ are blue. others
4). She held a pen in one hand and his notebook in the ________. other
5). I have read three stories. I’ll go on to read ________.Others/another
6). Can I have _________ three cakes? another
7). The red T-shirts are more expensive than the white _______. One
These sweaters are too small for me. Please show me ____ one.
A．other B．others C．the others D．another D
There are twenty teachers in this grade．Eight of them are women teachers and ____ are men teachers.
A．the otherB．the others C．others D．other B
8. none, no one, nothing的用法区别
1).no one=nobody
只能指人，但不具体指什么人。不与of连用；
谓语动词用单数；
表示“什么人也没有”，一般用来回答who,及含anyone, anybody引起的疑问句。
No one like a person with bad manners.
——Who is in the room?——No one.
——
可与
谓语动词用单或复数；
指的是三者或三者以上的人或物中"没有一个“, 代指上文提到的事物，含特指概念。暗示一种数量，即指数量上“一个也没有”。一般用来回答how many +n, how much +n及含any +n引起的疑问句。请看：
None of us have/has seen him.
He wants me to lend him some money, but I have none at hand.（特指前面提到的钱）
——How many students are there in the room? ——None.
——How much money do you have on you? ——None.
——Is there any water in the bottle? ——None.
3).nothing
指物,泛指；谓语用单数；强调内容。
一般用来回答含anything的一般问句及what引起的特殊问句。
He felt hungry, but he could find nothing to eat in the kitchen.（泛指所有吃的东西，不是特指某一种）
——What is in the box? ——Nothing.
——Is there anything in the sky? ——Nothing.
——Can you see anything without glasses? ——Nothing.
下面的顺口溜将帮你记得更清楚。
No one与none好分辨。/具体人，物把none填。
不知何人与何物，/No one，nothing是一路。
No one人nothing物，/保你不会出错误。
Exercise :
1.There is _________ in the room. no one
2.________ of the students is afraid of difficulties . None
3. --How many fish did you catch? None
--______.
4.--Who is in the classroom?
--_________. No one=Nobody
They were all very tired, but ____ of them would stop to take a rest.
A．any B．Some C．none D．neither C
9. 全部否定和部分否定
1）.All, both, everyone, everybody, everything 和every加名词都表示全部肯定，no one, none, nobody, nothing, not…any 和no +名词都表示全部否定；但当not出现在含有表示全部肯定的不定代词的句子中，不管not在他们之前还是之后都表示部分否定；
e.g. Both of them haven’t read this story. (not在后) 他们两人并没有都看过这个故事。
＝only one of them has read this story.
All bamboo doesn’t grow tall=not all bamboo grows tall.并非所有竹子都长得高。
全部否定的例子：all of the boys are clever, but none of them can work out this problem.
2）总括性副词如everywhere, always, altogether, wholly和not连用时，也表示部分否定。
Such a thing can’t be found everywhere. 这种事并非到处可见。（部分否定）
Such a thing can be found nowhere.这种事什么地方也见不到。（全否）
It作代词时一般替代前面提到的同一事物，可以代替单数可数名词，也可以代替不可数名词。
ONE 用来代替同类事物中的一个，只可代替可数名词，表示同类泛指，复数形式是ones，有时one 可以有修饰词。THAT 用来代替同类事物中的特指的一个，表示同类特指，即可代替单数名词（替代可数名词用those）也可替代不可数名词。其代替可数名词单数时相当于the one .
Key: 1—8ADDDDACC
代词it的用法
（一）
it的用法主要体现在以下几个方面：作为人称代词的it，先行代词的it，非人称代词的it以及强调句中的it和it的一些习惯用法。
1. it指代前文出现的同一事物、群体、经验、活动等。可以代替一个词、词组或整个句子，以免重复。
That wasn’t where you had dinner，was it？
If you remember these points，it will help you.
I love running. It keeps me fit.
it也可指代婴孩或姓名∕性别不详的人。
Do you hear a baby crying？Something must have hurt it.
Who is making so much noise？It must be the children.
Somebody is knocking at the door. I don’t know who it is.
Who is it? 未见具体人，不同于Who is that ？见到具体某人，但不相识。
2. it用作非人称代词的主语，表示气候、天气、温度、时间、地点、距离等或虚指的情境。
It’s Sunday tomorro w,so we are all going to church.
It’s five miles to the nearest station from here.
It was dull when Tom was away.
It seems that no one would like to help you.
3. it充当形主或形宾
①It is of great help to master a foreign language.
②It took me a week to recite the text.
③I find it quite necessary to make some changes.
代指动名词，可作形式主语或形式宾语，常用在下列句型中
It is no good（no use，useless）＋动名词①It is no use∕good crying over spilt milk.
It is a waste＋动名词①It is a waste of time arguing with them on this matter.
代指名词性从句
①She wants to make it clear whether you still love her or not.
②It is not known what caused the accident.
③It is true that age doesn′t always bring wisdom.
4. 用于强调句型中It is（was）＋被强调部分（主语、宾语或状语）＋that（who）…。it无任何指代关系，也无实义。It is I who（that）will love you from beginning to end.
It was in Shanghai that I first met Jack.
It was because I wanted to buy a dictionary that I went to downtown yesterday.
（二）
研究一下近年来的高考试卷可以发现，含it 的句型几乎年年考到。可见it 句型的重要性和使用的普遍性。现根据其用法特点可归纳为下列几个句型。
1. It is＋被强调部分＋that …
该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that 之后。被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语。强调的主语如果是人，that 可以由who 换用。如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子。这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。
It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
It was they that（who）cleaned the classroom yesterday.
It was in the street that I met her father.
2. It is not until＋被强调部分＋that …
该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强调时间状语，译成汉语“直到……才……”，可以说是not … until … 的强调形式。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
＝Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star.
＝I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.
3. It is a pity（a shame …）that …
该句型中，that 后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should＋动词原形），should 可省去. 表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。
It is a pity that such a thing（should）happen in your class.
4. It is time（about time , high time）that …
该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是①常用过去时态表示虚拟. ②有时也用should＋动词原形，should 不能省。常译为“早该……的时候……了”。
It is time that children should go to bed.
＝It is time that children went to bed.
5. It is the first（second …）time that …
该句型要和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中的that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中that 可以省去；it 有时用this 替换，常译为“是第一（二）……次……”。
It is the first time that I have been late this term.
It was not the first time that the boy had made such a mistake.
6. It is ∕has been… since …
该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，又要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题。主句中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时或完成时，since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。
It is（has been）5 years since his father died.
7. It is … when …
该句型中的when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当。常译为“当……的时候，是……”。
It was 5 o’clock when he came here.
8. It be … before ……
①It will be …before …再过…才会…
②It won′t be long …before …不久就会…
③It was …before …过了多久才…
④It wasn′t long before …没过多久就…
It won′t be long before the village takes on an entirely new aspect.
It wasn′t long before they fell in love with each other.
9. It is no good（use）doing sth.
It is no good learning English without speaking English.
练习
1. Tom, Please pass ________ the glasses. I want to read the newspapers.
A. you
B. me
C. him
D. her B
2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are ______ new words in it.
A. a little
B. little
C. a few
D. few D
3. ---You want ________ sandwich?
---Yes, I usually eat a lot when I’m hungry.A. other B. another C. others D. the other B
4. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others than _______.
A. they
B. them
C. themselves
D. theirs C
5. ---Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk?
---______________, thanks. I’d like a cup of tea.A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None B
6. ---Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food.
---Never mind. You can have ________.A. us B. ours C. you D. yours B
7. ---Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning?
---_______ is OK. I’m free today and tomorrow. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None A
8. ---How are you going to improve _______ this term?
---Work harder than last term.A. ourselves B. myself C. himself D. yourself D
9. ---Is _______ here?
---No. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave.A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody A
10. Paul has _____ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely.A. many B. some C. few D. more C
11. If you want to book a round-trip ticket, you’ll have to pay ______ $ 30.
A. more
B. other
C. the other
D. another D
12. ---Do you live by yourself, Mr Wang?
---Yes. I have two sons. But ______ of them lives with me. They are now studying in America?
A. neither
B. both
C. none
D. either A
13. ---Have you sent your parents an E-mail telling them you arrived safe?
---No. _______ of them can use a computer.A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All C
14. Who taught _______ English last term? Was _____ Mr. Smith?
A. you; it
B. you; he
C. your; it
D. your; that A
15. ---That woman has a bag in her right hand. What’s in her _____ hand?
A. another
B. other
C. one
D. the other B
16. We decided to go for a field trip with some friends of _______.
A. us
B. our
C. ours
D. ourselves C
17. ---Is there a bus to the zoo?
---I’m afraid there’s _______ bus to the zoo.
A. no
B. any
C. some
D. none A
18. You forgot your dictionary? You may have _______.
A. me
B. my
C. mine
D. myself C
练习二：
1. This is ______ classroom. Where is ____?A. our; them B. us; they C. our; theirs D. ours; theirs C
2.Our manager allowed _______to take a holiday next week.
A. you and I
B. yourself and me
C.I and you
D. you and me D
3.-I feel a bit thirsty.
-Why don't you have _______ water? A. some B. a C. any D. little A
4.I have two cats and I like_______. A. all of them B. them both C. every one of them D. them each B
5. My father said that he would take _______ for dinner when he came next time.
A. all us out
B. out all us
C. all out us
D. us all out D
6.Some of my students study very har_just don't care. A. Anothers B. The other C. Others D. Some other C
7.My brother is a man of_______words. A.little B.few C.less D.fewer B
8.There is _______hope for the work to be finished in such short time. A. much B. small C.few D.little D
9.Some old buildings were put down,but_______new ones have been built.
A.much more
B.no more
C.many more
D.any more C
10.When they met,they stopped and said hello to___.
A.each other
B.each another
C.the other each
D.each one A
11.-Which of the two French films do you like better?
-_______,because they are meaningless. A.Both B.Either C.None D.Neither D
12.-The US is certainly an interesting country.
-Yes,you can find just about_______there. A. something B. everything C.nothing D.anything B
13.Although the city is small,its library is as complete_______.
A.as a large city
B.like a large city
C.as that of a large city
D.like in a large city C
14.A few of__are planning to drive to New York during spring break. A.we boys B.boys https://www.doczj.com/doc/4376542.html, boysD.boys C
15.That man is a friend of my_______.
A.brother's
B.brother
C.brothers
D.brother mso's own A
16.Of all the problems,_______is so difficult as this one. A.not one B.either C.neither D.none D
17.I'm sorry I can't give you_______advice. A.a B.an C.any D.some C
18.-What does John do in China?
-I hear_______teaches English. A.she B.him C.his D.he D
19.There were only_______people who could get_______money for the work.
A.few;many
B.little;many
C.a few;much
D.a little;much C
20.The population of China is larger than_______.
A.India
B.that of India
C.India's
D.those of India B
21.There are trees on_______side of the road. A.every B.each C.both D.all B
22.The book has lost its cover.I will put a new_______on it. A.cover B.ones C.one D.piece C
23.Does_______matter if he can't come tomorrow? A.this B.that C.he D.it D
24.It was_______who told you the news. A.him B.his C.he D.himself C
25.I'm sorry I can't express_______in English well. A.me B.mine C.I D.myself D
26.You can find a tower at_______ends of the bridge. A.both B.all C.each D.either A
27.She is doing her homework.I'll do_______. A.such B.so C.the same D.the same as C
28.I found____impossible for___to work out the maths problem. A.it;him B.it;he C.that;him D.that;he A
29.That only man had three sons,all of__died during the last earthquake. A.them B.which C.those D.whom D
30.Mary learned Chinese for about two years,_______is,from 1993 to 1995. A.this B.that C.it D.he B
31.He kept the money without_______knowing where it was. A.anyone B.anything C.everything D.someone A
代词 代词可以分为下列九类1 人称代词2 物主代词3 自身代词4. 相互代词5. 指示代词6. 疑问代词7. 关系代词8. 连接代词9 不定代词 人称代词做主语时用主格，做宾语时用宾格。在作表语时，用宾格较多，例如：Who is knocking at the door? --- It’s me. 但在强调结构中却常用主格：It was he who did it.. It is she who wants this clothes. 在使用人称代词时有下面几点值得注意： 1）she可以用来代表国家，船只，大地，月亮等。 e.g. I think England will do what she promised to do. 2) 在并列的主语中，I总放在最后。e.g. Mary and I will be in charge of the case. 3) 第三人称，男女两性并用时，男先女后。He and she still don’t agree to the plan. 二物主代词 1. 1）表语Whose dictionary is this? ----it’s mine. 2) 主语Ours is a big family. 3) 宾语Let’s clean their room first and ours later. 2. “of +名词性物主代词”可用作定语 That car of hers is always breaking down.= Her car is ……. 三自（反）身代词 1．这些词可用来： 1）作宾语I can’t express myself in English. 2) 作表语I am not quite myself these days. 我近来身体不大舒服。 3）作主语或宾语的同位语The theory itself is all right. 在作同位语时，自身代词常译作“本人”或“亲自” They must make investigation themselves.他们必须亲自作调查。 与by oneself较难区分By oneself 译为“一个人干（不要别人帮助）” They made the machine all by themselves. 这机器完全是他们自己制造的。 2．自身代词常和某些动词连用 Enjoy oneself, behave oneself(使自己举止良好)，help yourself to sth. 请吃点。。。 Come to oneself苏醒 3．常与某些介词连用 By oneself 一个人做（不要别人帮助） For oneself替自己，自己He has a right to decide for himself. 他有权自己决定。 In oneself 本身This is not a bad idea in itself. 这主意本身并不错。 To oneself供自己用She had a room to herself.她自己住一间房。 四相互代词 One another与each other由于表示相互关系，称为相互代词，两者的用法是差不多的。 We can help one another (each other). We are eager to learn from each other.我们都急欲向彼此学习。 五指示代词 有this, that, these, those. 注意： 1．前面刚提到的东西，英语中常用that (或those)表示，而汉语中却常用这表示。 e.g. We have no time to do it. That’s our trouble.我们没有时间做这事。这就是我们的问题。 2. 指下面要谈到的事物时，常用this, 例如
高中英语语法总结大全之代词 人称代词的用法 1）人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语，例如： John waited a while but eventually he went home. 约翰等了一会儿，最后他回家了。 John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she. 约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽，还真是她。 说明：在复合句中，如果主句和从句主语相同，代词主语要用在从句中，名词主语用在主句中，例如： When he arrived, John went straight to the bank. 约翰一到就直接去银行了。 2）人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语，但在口语中也能作主语补语，第一人称在省略句中，还可以作主语，例如： I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her. 我看到她和他们在一起，至少我认为是她。（her做宾语，them做介词宾语，her作主语补语） a. -- Who broke the vase?--谁打碎了花瓶？ b. -- Me.--我。（me作主语补语= It's me.） 说明：在上面两例句中，her和me分别作主语补语。现代英语中多用宾格，在正式文体中这里应为she和I。 人称代词之主、宾格的替换 1) 宾格代替主格 a.在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在not 后，多用宾语。 ---- I like English.--我喜欢英语。 ---- Me too.--我也喜欢。 ---- Have more wine?--再来点酒喝吗? ---- Not me.--我可不要了。 b.在表示比较的非正式的文体中，常用宾格代替主格。但如果比较状语的谓语保留，则主语只能用主格。 He is taller than I/me. He is taller than I am. 2) 主格代替宾格 a. 在介词but，except 后，有时可用主格代替宾格。 b. 在电话用语中常用主格。 ---- I wish to speak to Mary. --我想和玛丽通话。 ---- This is she. --我就是玛丽。 注意：在动词be 或to be 后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。 I thought it was she. 我以为是她。(主格----主格) I thought it to be her.(宾格----宾格) I was taken to be she.我被当成了她。(主格----主格) They took me to be her.他们把我当成了她。(宾格----宾格)
高二英语完形填空试题(有答案和解析) 一、高中英语完形填空 1．阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的 最佳选项。 Once there was a farmer in Africa named Hafiz who was happy and content. One day a(n) 1 man came to him and told him about the glory of diamonds and the 2 that goes along with them. The wise man said, "If you had a diamond the size of your thumb, you could have your own city. If you had a diamond the size of your fist, you could probably own your own 3 ." With that said, he went away. That night the farmer couldn't 4 . He was unhappy and he was 5 . The next morning he sold off his farm, took care of his family and went 6 diamonds. He looked all over Africa and couldn't find any. He looked all through Europe and couldn't find any. When he got to Spain, he was emotionally, 7 and financially broke. He got so 8 that he threw himself into Barcelona River and committed suicide. Back home, the person who had 9 his farm was watering the camels at a 10 that ran through the farm. Across the stream, the rays of the morning sun hit a stone and made it 11 like a rainbow. He picked up the stone and 12 it in the living room. That afternoon the wise man came and saw the stone sparkling. He asked, "Is Hafiz 13 ?" The new owner said, " No, why do you ask?" The wise man said, "Because that is a diamond. I recognize one 14 I see one." The man said, "No, that's just a stone I 15 from the stream. Come, I'll show you. There are many more." They went and picked some samples and sent them for 16 . Sure enough, the stones were diamonds. They found that the farm was indeed 17 with diamonds. When our 18 is right, we realize that we are all walking on acres and acres of diamonds. Opportunity is always under our feet. We don't have to go anywhere. All we need to do is 19 it. When people don't know how to recognize opportunity, they complain of 20 when it knocks. The same opportunity never knocks twice. The next one may be better or worse, but it is never the same one. 1. A. young B. wise C. old D. poor 2. A. history B. meaning C. power D. legend 3. A. country B. house C. factory D. farm 4. A. eat B. wake C. stand D. sleep 5. A. tired B. discontent C. confused D. sick 6. A. in search of B. in need of C. by name of D. by way of 7. A. similarly B. gradually C. actually D. physically 8. A. puzzled B. discouraged C. impatient D. exhausted 9. A. robbed B. seized C. paid D. bought 10. A. pool B. river C. stream D. lake 11. A. smooth B. sparkle C. rise D. flow
高中英语代词用法小结 代词可以分为下列九类：1 人称代词2 物主代词3 自身代词4. 相互代词5. 指示代词）6. 疑问代词7. 关系代词8. 连接代词9 不定代词 人称代词做主语时用主格，做宾语时用宾格。 在作表语时，用宾格较多，例如：Who is knocking at the door? --- It’s me. 但在强调结构中却常用主格：It was he who did it. It is she who wants this clothes. 在使用人称代词时有下面几点值得注意： 1）she可以用来代表国家，船只，大地，月亮等。 e.g. I think England will do what she promised to do. 2) 在并列的主语中，I总放在最后。e.g. Mary and I will be in charge of the case. 3) 第三人称，男女两性并用时，男先女后。He and she still don’t agree to the plan. 二、物主代词 1. 形容词性的物主代词只能作定语，如my brother 名词性的物主代词可以作： 1）表语Whose dictionary is this? ----it’s mine. 2) 主语Ours is a big family. 3) 宾语Let’s clean their room first and ours later. 2. “of +名词性物主代词”可用作定语 That car of hers is always breaking down.= Her car is ……. 三 1．这些词可用来： 1）作宾语I can’t express myself in English. 2) 作表语I am not quite myself these days. 我近来身体不大舒服。 ※3）作主语或宾语的同位语The theory itself is all right. 在作同位语时，自身代词常译作“本人”或“亲自” They must make investigation themselves.他们必须亲自作调查。 与by oneself较难区分By oneself 译为“一个人干（不要别人帮助）” They made the machine all by themselves. 这机器完全是他们自己制造的。
人教版高中英语必修二 知识点梳理 重点题型（常考知识点）巩固练习 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 概念引入： He is a person who never gives up. 他是个永远不服输的人。 I found him in the woods, where has a well-known tree. (我是在树林里找到他的，那里有一棵很有名的树。) Our guide,(who was a Frenchman, ) was an excellent cook. 我们的导游是个很优秀的厨师，他是个法国人 She was not on the train which arrived just now。 她没在刚刚到达的那辆车上 语法点拨 什么是定语从句？ 修饰主语、宾语、表语的句子就叫做定语从句。引导定语从句的关系词有： 关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that 关系副词：when, where, why 我们把下面两个句子组合成一个复合句： 1. This is our school. It is beautiful. →This is our school which is beautiful. 2. This is our school. We study in our school. →This is our school which we study in. →This is our school in which we study. →This is our school where we study. 3. Do you know the room? It is made of amber. →Do you know the room which is made of amber? 4. I have read the newspaper. It carries the important news. →I have read the newspaper which carries the important news. 从上述定语从句的组合我们可以看出： 先行词和关系词的关系：关系代词实际上是先行词的复指；关系词whose 实际上是先行词的所有格。 1. A plane is a machine that can fly. the machine = that 2. The boy who broke the window is called Wangkai. the boy =who 3. The boy whose parents are working outside was brought up by his grandfather. the boy’s =whose 【高一英语语法（二）定语从句（二）356521限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句】
高考英语完形填空综合解析 要提高完形填空的解题能力，首先应该综合全面地了解完形填空。要了解完形填空，我们需要回答五个问题。第一个问题：什么是完形填空？第二个问题：完形填空的特点是什么？第三个问题：学生存在的问题是什么？第四个问题：如何解完形填空？第五个问题：平时如何训练？只有解决了这五个问题，才能有的放矢地对完形填空进行教学和研究。 一、什么是完形填空？ 完形填空又称综合填空，其命题原理是格式塔心理学。格式塔心理学强调整体感知和对文章从语义上的整体把握。简单说完形填空就是在一篇语意完整的短文中有目的地制造一些空白，造成信息链的中断，让考生在理解短文的基础上，综合运用所学知识和常识，对每个题的备选项做出尽可能合理的分析、判断，从中选出正确答案或最佳答案，使重新构建的文章主旨鲜明，文意畅达，逻辑严密。如果空格要求学生填入连词、介词、冠词等，则空格为功能性空格；如果要求填入名词、形容词、动词等实义词，则空格为语义空格。从近几年的高考试题看，完形填空以语义空格为主，语法部分的内容已经弱化为对词法的考查。完形填空的空格分为四种类型：词内项、词间项、句内项、句间项，难度是逐渐上升的。 二、完形填空的特点是什么？ 1. 完形填空的题型特点 近几年来的完形填空题，有以下几个特点： ⑴短文难度基本稳定，与高中英语教材课文难易基本相当。 ⑵短文选材一般为故事性文章，极少采用其它题材的文章。但往往不按时间顺序平铺直叙，有插叙或倒叙，有时还夹有描述和议论。 ⑶短文的第一句不设空格，提供给考生一个思路，以便考生做题。 ⑷考查内容主要是逻辑上的通顺，极少是考语法，所以每题四个选项大多属同一语法范畴。 ⑸短文长度基本稳定，一般在250～300个单词左右。 2. 完形填空选项设置的几个特点 ⑴同义、近义词辨析型。多倾向考查动词、名词、形容词。所以平时要多把这几类词性的词归纳记忆。 ⑵固定搭配型。多倾向考查动词和介词或副词、名词和介词、形容词和介词、典型句子结构的搭配。 ⑶常用语法。时态和语态、从句连词。 ⑷根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项型。 3. 近年高考完形填空题的命题趋势和新题动向 ⑴阅读量逐年提高，阅读时间减少。 ⑵生词量有增无减。 ⑶长句增多，句式灵活，结构复杂。 ⑷题目设置上单纯语法考查减少，上下文联系考查力度加大，并且以同义词、相似词为典型的迷惑选项增多。 ⑸完形填空的第一句都是完整的句子，并且每篇文章都有一个主题。 三、学生存在的问题是什么？ 有些考生虽然具有一定的基础，但完形填空题的得分却总不尽如人意。他们的问题概括起来主要有以下几方面：
高考英语代词知识点单元汇编含答案解析(3) 一、选择题 1．In the past, ____didn’t make much of a difference to your success____ you had a good family background. A．that; if B．it; whether C．that; whether D．it; if 2．With ________ mistakes, ________ is no wonder that the man got laid off only after working for several months. A．such many…there B．many such…it C．such many…it D．many such…there 3．The movie is not quite as good as the play ____ was adapted from. A．that B．which C．it D．what 4．Standard Cognition, a startup company. in California, has developed technology that works like of Amazon Go, but it seeks to sell its artificial intelligence system to businesses for use in their own stores A．the one B．those C．that D．one 5．I would like to buy a flat in the suburb and sold ______ in downtown , because I want to live near my Mom’s. A．the one B．the other C．it D．another 6．Travellers to that area can carry disease to their own countries that have never experienced_____. A．them B．it C．themselves D．itself 7．People were dressed in elegant costumes, all of _____ suitable for a multicultural parade. A．which B．whom C．them D．who 8．The old couple preferred a flat in a small town to ______ in so large a city as Chongqing．A．this B．it C．that D．one 9．The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than in the newspaper. A．it B．those C．one D．that 10．The tallest girl over there is ________ who works very hard in our class . A．a girl B．the girl C．one D．the one 11．In my opinion, there’s no greater happiness than of succeeding in one’s career. A．one B．it C．that D．those 12．I would appreciate____________ if you could help me out when I am in trouble. A．that B．one C．it D．this 13．Generally speaking, the information on the Internet is faster than ______ in newspapers. A．that B．this C．it D．one 14．Located in the center of Melbourne， Australia， are two tall towers designed by building architect Phil Rowe， both of shaped like massive tree houses rather than skyscrapers. A．who B．them C．which D．whom
（英语）高中英语代词练习题及解析 一、单项选择代词 1．The restaurant is full, so we have to look for ______ one. A．other B．the other C．the second D．another 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：句意：这个饭店满了，我们得再找一家。A. other其他的；B. the other二者中的另一个；C. the second第二个；D. another三者以上的另一个。故选D。 考点：考查代词。 2．-Which of these two ties will you take? -I don't like these. Do you have any_____? A．one B．other C．ones D．others 【答案】D 【解析】 考查对不定代词的用法。--两个领带你想要哪一个？--都不喜欢，还有其他的吗？ others=other+名词”，泛指“别的人或物，其他的人/物”，故选D。 【名师点睛】不定代词one，ones ， other 和others的区别。 不定代词即不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。 1.不定代词one指代可数名词，既可指人，亦可指物，它可以代替上文中出现的单数可数名词，指代复数名词时可以用ones。 例如：I do not have a pen, can you lend me one? I like small cars better than large ones. 2.other具有名词和形容词性质，既可指人，亦可指物。other常与定冠词the连用。other只作形容词或代词，表示“其他的，别的”，不可单独使用。 例如：Do you have any other questions? the other作形容词或代词，特指两者中或两部分的另一个或另一部分。 3.others相当于“other+名词”，泛指“别的人或物”，只有名词性用法。 例如：Some are planting trees, others are watering them. 3．Pip disliked _______ Joe came to see him in London, _______ Pip thought was not a gentleman. A．it when; who B．that; where C．it when; whom D．that; which 【答案】A 【解析】 本题考查it的用法及定语从句。第一个空， it作的是形式宾语，真正的宾语连接副词when引导的宾语从句。第二个空，关系代词who引导的是一个复合定语从句，含有另一
【教学设计】 壱. 题型分析 本节课的教学目标是： 认知目标：能够根据指定的高考题进行探究，归纳出有助于解题的技巧。 能力目标：能够将归纳出的解题步骤及技巧自如地运用。能够较好地完成限时抢答题。 弐. 教学策略 本课主要采用任务型教学法，将实践法、讨论法与多媒体电脑辅助相结合进行课堂教学， 充分发挥教师的主导作用和学生的主体作用，利用现代教育技术优化教学过程，扩大教学 容量，打造高效课堂。为了还学生自主权，使学生学会学，在课堂教学中巧妙运用教学艺术，鼓 励学生开口就说，提高运用语言的能力，变“讲堂”为“学堂”，变“要我学”为“我要学“，从 而从根本上打破传统的课堂教学方法，建构一种新型的现代教育模式，使学生在更轻松更 愉快的环境下实现更多的信息交流，向课堂教学要效益的最终目的。 三．教学步骤 教学过程分为以下几个环节：导入设计、新课呈现、巩固操练、课后作业四个环节。 Step1 导入设计 准备了简单的句子填空，此活动旨在让全班学生能够做起来，动起来，激发学生学习兴趣 和情绪。 Step 2 技巧点拨 1.研读首句(段)，预测全文 例如：(2017 全国I) While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this 1 process and found something that has changed my 2 at college for the better: I discovered ASL—American Sign Language(美式手语). 【解析】通过文章的第一句话，我们可以基本推断文章的内容，那就是作者讲述了在大学入学 初期逐渐了解并深入学习美式手语的经历，说明了环境对于探求新知识的重要性。通过学习，作者认识到“无声”的交流更复杂，更需要技巧，更需要真心投入。 【支招】我们已经知道：完形填空开篇第一句均不设空，这为我们提供了事件的背景，比如时间，地点和人物，它是文章的关键句。也提供了足够的信息去挖掘文章的思路，而且，这里往往包含主题句，是理解文章大意的重要信息和主要线索。而尾句通常是文章的点睛之笔，往往也揭开了文章 的寓意或者教育意义，所以了解首尾句在解题过程中非常重要。 2.根据上下文语境，通过合理推断来解题 例题1. (2017 全国I) I never felt an urge to 3 any sign language before. My entire family is hearing, and so are all my friends. The 4 languages were enough in all my interactions ( 交往). Little did I know that I would discover my 5 for ASL. 【解析】3. C 根据本句中的language，结合下文I only learned how to 13 the alphabet that day，可知之前，我从未有过学习任何手语的紧迫感。 【解析】4. D 根据前文的my entire family is hearing 可知，这里的语言与口语有关，我掌握的 口头语言在我的交往中已经足够了。 【解析】5. A 根据下文的that the silence was not unpleasant 可知，作者发现已经爱上了学习手语，我简直不知道我将爱上美式手语的。 【支招】考生要学会使用“双语境”来判断解题。“双语境”就是指大语境和小语境。大语境指的 是全文的中心和基调，必须跨越句子层次和段落层次才能选出正确的答案来。而小语境指的
代词 一、定义与分类 代词是代替名词及起名词作用的短语或句子的词。代词根据其意思和用法可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词九类。综观历年高考情况，在这九类代词中，不定代词一直是高考英语的重点。 ?人称代词I , you ，she ，him ?疑问代词who, whom, whose, which, what （用于引出特殊疑问句的代词） 注意：what与which的用法区别：当选择的范围较明确时，用which；不明确时用what。 如：Which color do you like, red, black or white? What color is your car? ?物主代词my 、your、hers ?关系代词which 、that、who、whom ?反身代词myself、yourselves 注意：反身代词用于be, feel, seem, look 等后作表语表示身体或精神所处的状态。 如：I'll be myself again in no time. 我一会儿就会好的。He doesn't feel himself today. I’m not quite myself these days. 我近来身体不大舒服。 ?连接代词who, whom, what, which, whose, whoever, whatever, whichever主要用于 引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句等 ?相互代词each other、one another ?不定代词one、each、another、neither ?指示代词this、that、those、these 注意：a. 为避免重复，可用that 和those 代替前面提到的名词。 如：The playground of this school is bigger than that of that school.(that=the playground) My books are next to those of the monitor. b. 在打电话时，通常用this 指自己，用that指对方：如：Hello. This is Jim. Is that John? c. this 和that 还可用作副词，用以修饰形容词或副词，意为“这么”、“那么”，相当于so。 如：I've done only that much. 我所做的就这么多。Is he always this busy? 他总这么忙吗? 二：人称代词，物主代词，反身代词用法概述 这三种代词都有人称（一、二、三人称）的变化、数（单、复数）的变化，以及性（阴性、阳性、中性）的变化。其中，人称代词除了这三种变化外，还有格（主格、宾格）的变化。 物主代词又包括两种形式：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。特别注意：形容词性物主代词its没有相应的名词性物主代词。 这三种代词的形式变化表如下： 三、不定代词的用法 1）定义：不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。 2）分类：
高中英语完形填空解题技巧大全 开篇练习 My son Joey was born with club feet. The doctors said that with treatment he would be able to walk， but would never run very well. The first three years of his life was 1 in hospital. By the time he was eight，you wouldn‘t know he has a problem when you saw him 2 . Children in our neighborhood always ran around 3 their play， and Joey would jump and ran and play，4 . We never told him that he probably wouldn‘t be 5 to run like the other children. So he didn’t know. In 6 grade he decided to join the school running team. Every day he trained. He ran more than any of the others， 7 only the top seven runners would be chosen to run for the 8 . We didn‘t tell him he probably would never make the team， so he didn’t know. He ran four to five mile every day - even when he had a fever. I was 9 ，so I went to 10 him after school. I found him running 11 . I asked him how he felt. “Okay，” he said. He has two more miles to go. Yet he looked straight ahead and kept 12 . Two weeks later， the names of the team 13 were caked. Joey was number six on the list. Joey had 14 the team. He was in seventh grade - the other six team members were all eighth graders. We never told him he couldn‘t do it … so he didn’t know. He just 15 it. 1. A. spent B. taken C. cost D. paid 2. A. talk B. sit C. study D. walk 3. A. after B. before C. during D. till 4. A. either B. too C. though D. yet 5. A. able B. sorry C. glad D. afraid 6. A. sixth B. seventh C. eighth D. ninth 7. A. so B. if C. then D. because 8. A. neighborhood B. familyC. school D. grade 9. A. excited B. tiredC. pleased D. worried 10. A. think about B. hear fromC. agree with D. look for 11. A. alone B. away C. almost D. already
英语代词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择代词 1．It’s impossible for all the people to get jobs because ______of them is not fit for them. A．every one B．all C．not all D．none 【答案】B 【解析】 【分析】 考查部分否定和不定代词。 【详解】 句意：所有的人都找到工作是不可能的，因为并不是所有的人都适合这些工作。此处all of them are not fit for them.是部分否定，意为：并不是所有的人都适合这些工作。故选B。【点睛】 英语中的部分否定有如下一些表示方法：1、all 的否定式：not all…（或：all…not）表示“并非都……”、“不是所有的都……”；2、both 的否定式：not…both (或：both… not) “并非两个……都……”；3、every…的否定式：not every…“不是每……都……”。 2．----Which of these resorts do you like best? ----______. They are both hot and crowded. A．Either B．Nothing C．Neither D．None 【答案】D 【解析】 考查情景交际和不定代词。“这些旅游胜地你最喜欢哪个？”“一个也不喜欢。他们既炎热又拥挤。”答语中的both ...and修饰的是hot和crowded，不要误以为是两者。根据问句中的these可知，是三者以上，排除A、C；nothing“什么也没有”；none“一个也没有”。故选D。 3．--- Daddy, do you like ________ if I buy a p urse for my mom’s birthday? --- It couldn’t be better. A．this B．one C．that D．it 【答案】D 【解析】 在此句中，it是一个形式宾语。根据句意，可知选D。 句意：--爸爸，我买给妈妈一个钱包作为生日礼物你喜欢吗？--那最好不过了。 考点：代词／不定代词 4．—The exam was easy, wasn’t it? —Yes, but I don’t think ______ could pass it． A．somebody B．anybody
必修一 语法点一：Be+v.ing表将来 use the present continuous tense for future plans In English, we have lots of ways of talking about the future. The most common ways of talking about the future we encounter use ‘will’ or ‘be going to’ followed by an infinitive（动词原形）, and we tend to use ‘be going to’ most often for talking about future plans. Sometimes, we also use the present continuous tense to talk about future plans. Ex. ①we are going to Mexico next Sunday. ② Are you coming to the cinema? ③ He is leaving for London in two hours. ④ We are spending next winter in Australia. Only some verbs can be used in this situation, such as: go, arrive, come, leave, start, stay, return, play, have, work, wear, spend, see, meet, etc. 扩展： What’s the difference between using ‘be going to’ and the present continuous to talk about future plans? Let’s look at some more examples: “I’m going to play football on Saturday” You have made a plan in your head but possibly not taken any real action to confirm it. Also, playing football on Saturday is probably not a regular event for you. “I’m playing football on Saturday” You have made a plan and taken some real action to confirm it (e.g. called your friends or booked a place to play). In this case, it’s likely that playing football on Saturdays is a common activity for you. 语法点二：Direct speech and indirect speech(直接引语和间接引语) Let's first define the terms, then look at how to talk about what someone said, and how to convert speech from direct to indirect or vice-versa. You can answer the question What did he say? in two ways: by repeating the words spoken (direct speech) by reporting the words spoken (indirect or reported speech). Direct speech repeats, or quotes, the exact words spoken. When we use direct speech in writing, we place the words spoken between quotation marks (" ") and there is no change in these words. Reported or indirect speech is usually used to talk about the past, so we normally change the tense of the words spoken. We use reporting verbs like 'say', 'tell', 'ask', and we may use the word 'that' to introduce the reported words. Quotation marks are not used. 1、declarative sentence陈述句 ①Change in pronoun:The pronoun (subject) of the reported speech is changed according to the pronoun of reporting verb or object (person) of reporting verb (first part of sentence). Sometimes the pronoun may not change. In following example the pronoun of reported speech is “I” which will be changed