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高中英语中代词的重点学习教案.doc

高中英语中代词的重点学习教案.doc
高中英语中代词的重点学习教案.doc

统一教育学科教师个性化授课教案讲义编号:J H R 教务主任审核签字

学员编号:学生姓名:年级:

辅导科目:

课时教:

学科教师:

课题代词

授课日期及时段:

教学目的使学生了解代词的分类以及代词的用法。

知识点人称代词,物主代词,反身代词,指示代词,不定代词,疑问代词和关系代词等。代词数、性、格的变化

重点指示代词

不定代词

关系代词

代词的数、性、格的变化

难点指示代词

不定代词

关系代词

代词的数、性、格的变化

考点不定代词 one,the one ,ones,the ones 表示两者和多者的不定代词的比较

指示代词 this ,that ,these ,those ,it another,(the)other(s),else;the rest 的用法的用法

技能提升使学生能够灵活的使用代词,并能理解代词在句中的作用和功能。教学效果自评及课后反思

教学进程和教学内容

【知识要点】

一、代词的分类

1.人称代词:主格 I, we, you, he, she, it, they 宾

格 me, us, you, him, her, it, them

2.物主代词:形容词性 my, our, your, his, her, its, their 名

词性 mine, ours, yours, his, hers, its, theirs

3.反身代词:单数 myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself

复数 ourselves, yourselves, themselves

4.相互代词: each other ( 两者之间相互 ) ;one another ( 两者以上的相互 )

5.指示代词: this, that, these, those

6.疑问代词: who, whom, whose, which, what

7.关系代词:who, whom, whose, that(指人),which, that, as, whose(指物)

8.不定代词: all, each, either, neither, both, none, other, another, something, everything, nothing, somebody, everybody, nobody, someone, everyone, no one, many, much, few, less

二、双重所有格

物主代词不可与a,an,this ,that ,these ,those ,some,any,several ,no,each,every ,such, another ,which 等词一起前置,修饰一个名词,而必须用双重所有格。公式为:a,an,this ,that+ 名词 +of+ 名词性物主代词。eg. a friend of mine

三、指示代词

1、指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分时只能指物,不能指人。如:

(对) That is my teacher. 那是我的老师。(that 作主语,指人)

(对) He is going to marry this girl. 他要和这个姑娘结婚。( this 作限定词)

(错) He is going to marry this. (this 作宾语时不能指人)

(对) I bought this.我买这个。(this指物,可作宾语)

2、 that和those可作定语从句的先行词,但this和these不能,同时,在作先行词时,

只有 those 可指人,试比较:

(对) He admired that which looked beautiful.他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。

(对) He admired those who looked beautiful.他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。(those指人)

教学进程和教学内容

(错) He admired that who danced well. ( that 作宾语时不能指人)

(对) He admired those who danced well. 他赞赏跳舞好的人。( those 指人)

(对) He admired those which looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。(those 指物)

四、反身代词

表示“我自己”“你自己”“他自己”“我们自己”“你们自己”和“他们自己”等的代

词,叫做自身代词,也称为“反身代词”。如:

She was talking to herself. 她自言自语。

反身代词的用法

1. 作宾语,如

1) 有些动词需有反身代词,如:

We enjoyed ourselves very much last night. 我们昨晚玩得很开心。

Please help yourself to some fish. 请你随便吃点鱼。

2) 用于及物动词+宾语 +介词,如:

take pride in , be annoyed with , help oneself to sth 等。

I could not dress (myself )up at that time. 那个时候我不能打扮我自己。

注:有些动词后不跟反身代词,如:get up ,sit down , stand up ,wake up 等。

Please sit down.

2. 用作表语。如

I am not myself today. 我今天不舒服。

3. 用作同位语。如

The thing itself is not important.事情本身并不重要。

4. 在不强调的情况下, but ,except ,for等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可。

注意: 1) 反身代词本身不能单独作主语。

(错) Myself drove the car.

(对) I myself drove the car. 我自己开车。

2) 但在and,or ,nor 连接的并列主语中,第二个主语可用反身代词,特别是myself 作主语。

如: Charles and myself saw it. 查尔斯和我看见了这件事。

五、不定代词的用法辨析

1. nothing, none, no one

none 作为代词,最常用来表示数量,常回答how much或 how many 的问题;而 nothing 是相对于 something( 有某物 ) ,什么都没有 , 它回答的是“ What is in/on...”的问题;而no one=nobody 没有人,它回答的是“ Whodid that ”(谁??)或是anyone(有没有人)的问题。

2. one, ones, that, those, it

(1) one 和ones 可以用来代替前面提到过的可数名词,one 代单数,ones 代复数,one 前面一般不加a, 因为它本身有“一个”的意思,但如果one 前面有形容词修饰,则需要加a/an 。

one 可以单独使用,意思为“任何人”。例如:

—Shall we have a rest

—Didn’t we just have one ( 因为one=a something)

I happened to see a book about George W. Bush, a nice one indeed.

One should always believe in oneself.

(2)that 与 those :

that 可以代替前面提到的不可数名词或可数名词单数,相当于the one ;而those 代替前面提到的复数名词,有时可以用the ones 替换。例如:

The population of China is bigger than that of India. (that=the population

)The boy told his story and that of the girl next room. (that=the story)

The cell phones we made nowadays are better than those/the ones made 2 years

ago. ( those=the cell phones=the ones)

(3)one 和it:

两者都可以用来代替前面出现过的单数名词,one 指这类东西中的任何一个,指类属,泛指。 it指前面所指的同一物。例如:

I need a pen to sign my name. Can I have one (one =a pen)

I cannot find my new pen. Have you seen it ( it 指那支新钢笔)

3. another, the other, other, others, the others

(1)another 和 the other:

两者都是“另一个”的意思,但数量上有区别: 用another 指两个以上的数量,而the other 只指两个中的另一个,例如:

He has three brothers, one is a teacher, another is a doctor and the third

is an engineer.

He has a book in one hand and a pen in the other.

注:another 除了可以作代词,还可以用作形容词。这里有必要区别another, the other 和more 的用法:

①another:

表“另一个”时只跟可数名词单数,而表“另外的、额外的、附加的”时,可跟带有few 或具体数字的复数名词。例如:

—Have you finished your report yet

—No,I will finish it in another 10 minutes.

There is room for another few people in the back of the bus.

②other:

表“另外的”接复数名词,如与具体数词连用,则置于数词之后,但与定冠词the 连用时,other 要放在数词前。例如:

Tony is going camping with two other little boys next Sunday.

Do you know where he found the other two photos

③more:

more 一般位于数词之后,名词之前。例如:

One more step ,and I ’ll shoot you.

Where shall we be in ten more years

more 除跟数词外,还可与many, a little ,a few ,a lot , several 等词连用,例如: There are many more dictionaries on the desk.

Would you like some more tea

(2) others, the others

others 是相对于some 来说的:some...some....others... ( 一些??一些??另一些??)是泛指;而the others是特指另一些。例如:

Class 1 are cleaning the classroom. Someare sweeping the floor, some are cleaning the window, and others are washing the blackboard. (泛指)

There are only 20 students in the classroom, where are the others.

(特指)

4. both, other, neither, each, any, all

both: 两者都,谓语动词用复数;

either: 两者中间的任何一个,谓语动词用单数;

neither:两者中间无任何一个,谓语动词多用单数,也可以用复数;

each: 两个或两个以上中的每一个,谓语动词用单数;

any: 三者或三者以上中的任何一个,谓语动词用单数;

all:三者或三者以上全部;

5. some, any, no

some 属于肯定词,主要用于肯定句中,但当说话人期待肯定回答时,也可以用于疑问句中。例如:

Could I have some more tea, please

Would you like some more coffee

any 属于非肯定词,主要用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。它可以与形容词的比较级连用。例如:

Don’t come any closer, or I’ll shoot!

no 属于否定词,用于否定句中:

no+可数名词单数 =not a/an

no+可数名词复数 =not any 。例如:

There is no such thing as a free lunch in the world.(注意thing前面没有冠词a)

考点 1 指示代词

1.this/these,that/those

this, these指代下面要说的内容;that,those指代上面陈述过的内容。如:

①What I ’d like to say about how to improve our spoken English is like this .关于如何提高我们的英语口语,我想说的是这样的。

②Salaries are higher here than those in my hometown.这里的薪水比我家乡的高。

2.this ,that有时可以用作副词,意为“这么,那么”,用在形容词或副词前作状语,

表示程度,如:

It isn’t that cold.还没那么冷。

考点 2 易混不定代词

以下是几组易混不定代词:

1.all ,both ,neither,none

(1)all指三者或三者以上“都”,both 指两者“都”。如:

①Both(of)his hands were wounded.

②All(of)his fing ers were wounded .

(2)neither表示“两个都不”,常和of 连用,放在带有冠词、物主代词或指示代词的

复数名词之前,作主语时,谓语动词可以用单数或复数;none 表示三个或三个以上“都不”,可用于人,也可用于物,后可接of 短语,与复数名词、代词或单数集合名词连用作主语,指人时,谓语动词用单、复数皆可;指物时,只用第三人称单数形式。如:

①Neither of the twins is/are correct .

②None of us has/have ever been to the Gr eat wall .

2.no,none, nothing , nobody

(1)no 不能单独使用,相当于not a 或 not any,作定语修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如:

You have no sympathy for the sufferings of others.你对别人的痛苦没有同情心。

(2)none 既可以指人,也可以指物,侧重指三者或三者以上的人或物,用于回答how many/much引导的疑问句,可与介词of 连用。如:

①None of the books is suitable for the young .

②一 How many people are there in the room

一None.

(3)nobody指人,用于回答who引导的疑问句;nothing指物,用于回答what引导的疑

问句。如:

一Who is in the room

一Nobody.

3.it ,one,ones, that和those

(1)it特指上文所提到的同一个物。one 指上文提到的同类事物中的一个,不特指。如:

①Where is that book I can ’t find it.。

②I haven ’ t got any erasers.Will you please give me one

(2)one 与 that都可用来代替上文中出现的名词,one 前要用定冠词 the ,有时 that 和the one 可互换使用。如:

The book isn ’t so interesting as the one/that you borrowed .

(3) 但that 和 one 在多数情况下是不能互换的,主要区别在于: a. that 既可代替可数

名词,也可代替不可数名词,常要求有后置定语,一般不指人,复数形式为those 。 b. one 只能代替可数名词单数,复数形式为ones。c. 当可数名词前有形容词修饰时,只能用one,不用that 。 d. 当of 短语作可数名词的后置定语时,用that ,不用one。如:

①The best cigarettes are those from Yunnan .

②The boy told me his story and that of the girl next door .

Your coat is blue , and my new one is green

(4)the ones用来代替上文提到的特指的复数名词,有时可以用

those 代替,尤其在有后置定语的情况下。如:

The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk.

桌上的那些书比桌下的好。

4.another ,other , others ,more

(1)another既可以单独使用,也可以用于单数名词前,泛指三者或三者以上中的“另外

一个人或物”。还可以用“another+ 数量词 +复数名词”,表示”再,又”。如:

① Was there another way out还有别的路出去吗

② We’d better wait another five minutes.

(2)other不能单独使用,应用于复数名词前,表示另外的某些人或物,也可以用在some,any,no 之后,或具体数词之后,再接名词,构成”不定代词或具体数词+other+ 名词”;接单数名词时,还可以用在冠词 the 后,特指两个人或物中的另外一个( 可以省略为 the other) ,或特指另外的某些人或物( 可以省略为 the others),others泛指”其他的(事物),别人”。如:

One remained and the other went away .一个留下了,另一个走了。

We should learn to treat others as equals .我们应该学会平等待人。

典例 1: Swimming is my favorite sport. There is _____ like swimming as a means

of keeping fit.

A something C nothing

B anything D everything

【答案】 C

【解析】考查不定代词。句意:游泳是我最爱的运动。再没有比游泳更好的锻炼方式了。

There is nothing like?意即”没有什么能像??了”。

典例 2: Jane was asked a lot of questions ,but she didn ’t answer of them.A.other B.any C.none D.some

典例 3: Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their

approach to educating their children compared with of their parents.A.those B .one C.both D.that

解析 D句意:十分之九的家长认为他们教育孩子的方法和他们父母的教育方法有明显

的差别。在同一句话中,指代的名词和前面提到的名词是同一类,即同名异物,要用that 。

典例: Isn ’t it amazing how the human body heals after an injury

A.himself B .him C.itself D . it

考点 3 it的用法

在英语中,运用it的场合较多。从它在句中的作用和意义来看,it的用法可分为三类:1.指代作用

(1)用作人称代词,代替前文或后文所提到的同一事物 ( 单数可数名词或不可数名词 ) 。如:

Although we cannot see it,there is air all around us.

虽然我们看不见空气,但它却在我们的周围。

(2)代替前面的整个句子。如:

It is said that he has died of a disease,but it isn’t true.据说他已经病死了,但这不是真的。

(3)用在答语中代替指示代词 this ,that 。如:

一 What is this

一It ’s a bike .

(4)代替不能或没有必要区分性别的或某些习惯说法中的人。如:

①The baby cried because it was hungry . ( 婴儿习惯上不区分性别 )

②一 Who is knocking at the door

一It ’s me.

(5)指环境、情形等。如:

①I can ’t stand it any longer.我再也不能容忍这种情况了。

②Take it easy.别紧张。

③I t doesn ’t matter .没关系。

(6)指度量衡单位、时间、距离、季节、天气及自然现象。如:

①It ’s getting colder and colder now.

②It is winter now.

2.形式作用

(1)形式主语

当动词不定式、形式或从句作主语时,通常把它们放在谓语之后,而用it作句子的形式主语。如:

(I)It ’s no use crying over spi lt milk.[谚]覆水难收。

②It takes three generations to make a gentleman.[谚]十年树木,百年树人。

(2)形式宾语

当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、v-ing 形式或宾语从句时,往往把真正的宾语放在补足语后面,而用 it作形式宾语,放在宾语补足语之前。如:

① You must make it clear to them that the situation is serious.

你必须向他们表明形势是严峻的。

②They thought it diffic ult to talk to the guests about the recent events.

他们觉得和客人们谈近来发生的事情很困难。

特别提示

形式宾语用在“主语 +谓语动词 +宾语”结构中,谓语动词 appreciate ,dislike ,hate ,like , love ,make(按时到达,成功 ) 等后接由 if 或 when等引导的从句时,往往在从句前加形式宾语 it 。如:

①1 would appreciate it if you paid in cash.如果你能支付现金的话,我会不胜感激。

②The boy likes it when you do that.那个男孩喜欢你那样做。

3.强调作用

it 可以用来改变句子的结构,使句子的某一成分得到强调。强调句型的基本结构为: It

is/was+ 所强调的成分 +that/who/whom+ 其他成分。

课堂金思维训练题

【2012 全国 II 】this morning. A. herself B. this Sarah made ______ to the airport just in time to catch her plane C. that D. it

2012 四川卷New technologies have made ____ possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.

A. that

B. this

C. one

D. it

23.My brother would like to buy a good watch but was available from that shop.

A. nothing B.none C. no one D.Neither

【2012 重庆卷】 -John, when shall we meet again, Thursday or Friday ’ll be off to London then.

A. Either

B. Neither

C. Both

D. None

【 2012 北京卷】If you for me

A. one

B. such ’re buying today’s paper from the stand, could you get

C. this

D. that

【2012 浙江卷】 Studying Wendy's menu, I found that many of the items are similar to______ of McDonald's.

A. those

B. ones

C. any

D. all

【2012 江苏卷】Sophia waited for a reply, but ____ came.

A. either

B. another

C. neither

D. none

【2012 陕西卷】 No matter where he is, he makes _____a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.

A. him B this C. that D. it

【2012 全国新课程】 Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but of them wants to, because they have work to do.

A. either

B. any

C. neither

D. none

高中英语语法总结大全-代词

高中英语语法总结大全之代词 人称代词的用法 1)人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语,例如: John waited a while but eventually he went home. 约翰等了一会儿,最后他回家了。 John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she. 约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽,还真是她。 说明:在复合句中,如果主句和从句主语相同,代词主语要用在从句中,名词主语用在主句中,例如: When he arrived, John went straight to the bank. 约翰一到就直接去银行了。 2)人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语,但在口语中也能作主语补语,第一人称在省略句中,还可以作主语,例如: I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her. 我看到她和他们在一起,至少我认为是她。(her做宾语,them做介词宾语,her作主语补语) a. -- Who broke the vase?--谁打碎了花瓶? b. -- Me.--我。(me作主语补语= It's me.) 说明:在上面两例句中,her和me分别作主语补语。现代英语中多用宾格,在正式文体中这里应为she和I。 人称代词之主、宾格的替换 1) 宾格代替主格 a.在简短对话中,当人称代词单独使用或在not 后,多用宾语。 ---- I like English.--我喜欢英语。 ---- Me too.--我也喜欢。 ---- Have more wine?--再来点酒喝吗? ---- Not me.--我可不要了。 b.在表示比较的非正式的文体中,常用宾格代替主格。但如果比较状语的谓语保留,则主语只能用主格。 He is taller than I/me. He is taller than I am. 2) 主格代替宾格 a. 在介词but,except 后,有时可用主格代替宾格。 b. 在电话用语中常用主格。 ---- I wish to speak to Mary. --我想和玛丽通话。 ---- This is she. --我就是玛丽。 注意:在动词be 或to be 后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。 I thought it was she. 我以为是她。(主格----主格) I thought it to be her.(宾格----宾格) I was taken to be she.我被当成了她。(主格----主格) They took me to be her.他们把我当成了她。(宾格----宾格)

高中英语代词讲解与练习(附答案)

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