Lesson Five Are you Giving Y our Kids T oo Much?
1 While traveling for various speaking engagements, I frequently stay overnight in the home of a family and am assigned to one of the children's bedrooms. In it, I often find so many playthings that there's almost no room - for my small toilet kit. And the closet is usually so tightly packed with clothes that I can barely squeeze in my jacket.
2 I'm not complaining, only making a point. I think that the tendency to give children an overabundance of toys and clothes is quite common in American families, and I think that in far too many families not only do children come to take their parents' generosity for granted, but also the effects of this can actually be somewhat harmful to children.
3 Of course, I'm not only thinking of the material possessions children are given. Children can also be overindulged with too many privileges - for example, when parents send a child to an expensive summer camp that the parents can't really afford.
4 Why parents give their children too much, or give things they can't afford? I believe there are several reasons.
5 One fairly common reason is that parents overindulge their children out of a sense of guilt. Parents who both hold down full-time jobs may feel guilty about the amount of time they spend away from their children[0804:64] and may attempt to compensate by showering them with material possessions.
6 Other parents overindulge because they want their children to have everything they had while growing up, along with those things the parents yearned for but didn't get. Still others are afraid to say no to their children's endless requests for toys for fear that their children will feel unloved or will be ridiculed if they don't have the same playthings their friends have.
7 Overindulgence of a child also happens when parents are unable to stand up to their children's unreasonable demands.[0907:61; 1001:61] Such parents vacillate between saying no and giving in - but neither response seems satisfactory to them. If they refuse a request, they immediately feel a wave of remorse for having been so strict or ungenerous. If they give in, they feel regret and resentment over having been a pushover.[0610:44] This kind of vacillation not only impairs the parents' ability to set limits, it also sours the parent-child relationship to some degree, robbing parents and their children of some of the happiness and mutual respect that should be present in healthy families.
8 But overindulging children with material things does little to lessen parental guilt [0907:32] (since parents never feel that they've given enough), nor does it make children feel more loved (for what children really crave is parents’ time and attention). Instead, the effects of overindulgence can be harmful. Children may, to some degree, become greedy, self-centered, ungrateful and insensitive to the needs and feelings of others, beginning with their parents. When children are given too much, it undermines their respect for their parents. In fact, the children begin to sense that a parent's unlimited generosity is not right. The paradoxical result may be that these children will push further, unconsciously hoping that, if they push too hard, they will force their parents into setting limits.
9 Also, overindulged children are not as challenged as children with fewer playthings to be more creative in their play. [0607:50] They have fewer opportunities to learn the value of money, and have less experience in learning to deal with a delay in gratification, if every requested object is given on demand.
10 The real purpose of this discussion is not to tell parents how much or how little to give to their children. Rather, my intent is to help those parents who have already sensed that they might be overindulging their children but don't know how to stop.
11 Parents who are fortunate enough not to have a problem with feelings of guilt don't need to respond crossly to their children when denying a specific request which is thought to be unreasonable. They can explain, cheerfully, that it's too expensive - except perhaps as a birthday or holiday gift - or that the child will have to contribute to its purchase from an allowance or from the earnings of an outside job. [0310:43]
12 It's the cheerfulness and lack of hesitation that impress upon the child that parents mean what they say. A cross response signals that the parents are in inner conflict.[0410:42] In fact, I'll make a rash statement that I believe is true, by and large: Children will abide by what their parents sincerely believe is right. They only begin arguing and pestering when they detect uncertainty or guilt, and sense that their parents can be pushed to give them what they want, if they just keep at it. But the truth is that a child really wants parents to be in control - even if it means saying no to a request - and to act with conviction in a kind and loving fashion.
13 But, you may answer, I often am uncertain about whether to give in to many of my children's requests. That doesn't mean you can't change. First you should try to determine what makes you submissive or guilty. Then, even if you haven't uncovered the reason, you should begin to make firm decisions and practice responding to your children's requests in a prompt, definite manner.
14 Once you turn over a new leaf, you can't expect to change completely right away. [1107:34] Y ou are bound to vacillate at times. [0607:43] The key is to be satisfied with gradual improvement, expecting and accepting the occasional slips that come with any change. And even after you are handling these decisions in a firmer and more confident manner, you can't expect your children to respond immediately. For a while they'll keep on applying the old pressures that used to work so well. But they'll eventually come to respect your decisions once they learn that nagging and arguing no longer work. In the end, both you and your children will be happier for it.
第五课你给孩子的东西是不是太多？
1 当我应邀到各地演说时，常常在别人家过夜，而且往往被安排住在这家孩子的卧室里。卧室里的玩具多得几乎没有地方放我小小的洗漱用具包。而且衣橱一般也是挂满了衣服，满得就连一件夹克也塞不进去。
2 我不是在抱怨，只是表明一个看法。我认为美国家庭普遍倾向于给孩子买过多的玩具和服装。我还认为，在太多太多的家庭里，这样做的结果不仅让孩子们认为父母对他们的大方理所应当，而且实际上还会对孩子产生一定程度的负面影响。
3 当然，我指的不仅仅是孩子们得到的具体的物品，孩子们还往往享受过多的特殊待遇，比如，家长把孩子送往他们实际上去不起的收费很高的夏令营。
4 为什么家长要给孩子太多的东西，或者给孩子买他们负担不起的东西？我认为原因有好几个。
5 家长过分娇宠孩子的一个相当普遍的原因是因为家长对孩子有一种负疚感。父母双方要保住全职工作，会因许多时间不在孩子身边而可能感到内疚，于是就给孩子买大量的东西作为补偿。
6 还有些家长娇宠孩子是因为他们想使自己的孩子享有他们小时候拥有的一切，还要使孩子享有他们当时渴望但没能得到的东西。还有的家长不愿拒绝孩子无尽无休的买玩具的要
求，生怕他们会觉得家长不爱他们，或惟恐他们因为没有和其他小朋友一样的玩具而遭到嘲笑。
7 父母顶不住孩子的无理要求也就娇惯了孩子。这类家长对孩子的无理要求举棋不定，不知道是该回绝还是该满足，但又觉着这两者都不理想。如果他们拒绝了孩子，马上就会因自己对孩子太严厉太吝啬而懊悔。如果他们对孩子妥协了，也会因自己意志不坚定而悔恨。这种举棋不定的态度不仅使家长下不了决心给孩子规定界限，而且在一定程度上影响了家长和孩子之间的关系，使他们享受不到健康家庭本应有的欢乐和相互尊重。
8 可是过分满足孩子的物质要求并不能减轻家长的内疚感（因为家长永远不会认为自己给予孩子的已经够多），孩子们也不会因此就感到父母对他们爱得更深（因为他们真正渴望的是父母的时间和关注）。相反，娇宠反而有害。孩子在一定程度上可能会变得贪婪，以自我为中心，忘恩负义，对人，首先是对父母的需要和感情无动于衷。父母给孩子的东西太多，就会削弱孩子对父母的尊敬程度。事实上，孩子已经开始感到父母不应该无限度地为他们慷慨解囊。父母对孩子这种有求必应使他们得寸进尺，下意识地希望过分些会迫使父母给他们的要求规定界限。这种结果看似矛盾，却有道理。
9 还有，玩具太多的孩子在玩的时候不如玩具少的孩子有创造性。如果要什么就给什么，孩子就没有多少机会去体会钱来之不易，自己的要求不能立即满足就不能正确对待。
10 本文要讨论的问题不是告诉家长具体该给孩子多少东西。准确地说，我的意图是给那些已经意识到自己娇惯孩子而又不知如何改正的家长出点主意。
11 有幸没有负疚感的家长们在拒绝孩子的无理要求时无需跟他们发火。他们可以和颜悦色地解释说这件东西太贵了（除非作为生日礼物或节日礼物），也可以让孩子也掏出点自己的零花钱或在外面挣的钱来买这件东西。
12 正是这种和颜悦色和毫不犹豫的态度让孩子感到父母说话是算话的。对孩子发脾气则表明父母内心充满矛盾。事实上，我要鲁莽地说句我认为基本正确的话：孩子们是会遵循家长真诚想念是正确的决定的，只有当孩子发现家长犹豫不决或是感到内疚，而且意识到只要支持下去父母就会答应他们的要求时，才会和家长争吵，才会纠缠不休。然而，实际上，孩子们真正需要的是父母当家作主，既要果断行事，又要和蔼可亲，尽管这意味着有时要回绝他们的要求。
13 但你会说，很多时候你对是否要满足孩子提出的要求总是犹疑不定。这并不意味着你无法改变自己。首先你要明白为什么你总会顺从孩子或对孩子总有负疚感。下一步，即使你还没有找到原因，也应该开始做到行事果断，并训练自己在孩子提出要求时回答得爽快干脆。
14 一旦你从头开始，不要期望你会一下子完全改变。有时你肯定还会犹豫不决。这个时候，关键是要看自己在逐渐改进而感到满意。对偶尔的反复要有思想准备，不要回避，任何改变都要有反复。也不要期望你的孩子会马上适应你的变化，甚至在你已经能更果断、更信心十足地做出决定之后。在一段时间内，他们还会采取过去行之有效的施加压力的老办法。但一旦他们明白纠缠、争吵不再奏效，他们最终会尊重你的决定。最后，你与你的孩子都会因此而生活得更快乐。
往年考过的真题
I.Paraphrase
1．If they [parents] give in , they feel regret and resentment over having been a pushover. [0610:44]【1-5：143】
A．they make up their mind to be more strict .
B．they never regret that they have given in .
C．they feel upset that they haven’t been kind enough .
D．they are sorry and angry that they haven’t been firm enough.
2. But overindulging children with material things does little to lessen parental guilt. [0907:32] [1-5:143]
A. But overindulging children with material things can really help parents to lessen their
guilt.
B. But overindulging children with material things can’t release parents from feeling guilty.
C. Parents really want to use the material things to content their children and get rid of their
guilt.
D. If the parents overindulge children with few material things, parents can not lessen their
guilt at all.
3. Also, overindulged children are not as challenged as children with fewer playthings to be more
creative in their play.[0607:50] (1-5:144)
A. Overindulged children show the same productive originality as children with fewer
playthings in their play.
B. Children with fewer playthings show less productive originality than overindulged
children in their play.
C. Children with fewer playthings show no more productive originality than overindulged
children in their play.
D. Overindulged children show less productive originality than children with fewer
playthings in the play.
4. They [parents] can explain, cheerfully, that it's too expensive—except perhaps as a birthday or
holiday gift—or that the child will have to contribute to its purchase from an allowance or from the earnings of an outside job. [0310:43] (1-5:144)
A. The child will have to pay partially for something expensive, using his poc ket money or
what he / she has earned outside the home.
B. If the child wants to buy something very expensive, he/she has to make some contribution
to his /her family afterwards.
C. When the child wants to buy something very expensive, he has to earn the money by
working for his /her parents or other people.
D. The child will have to share the cost equally with his parents to get something very
expensive as a birthday gift.
5. A cross response signals that the parents are in inner conflict. [0410:42] (1-5:144)
A. … the parents are usually sorry when they respond angrily.
B. … the parents are sure they are right in responding angrily.
C. … the parents are not certain that the best way is to respond angrily.
D. … the parents are not sure whether or not they sh ould respond angrily.
6. Once you turn over a new leaf, you can’t expect to change completely right away. [1107:34] (1-5:145)
A. You read a book from the first page.
B. You change the ways for the better.
C. You pick a fresh leaf from a tree.
D. You start doing something new.
7. Once you turn over a new leaf, you can’t expect to change completely right away. [1101:32] (1-5:145)
A. You read a book from the first page.
B. You change your ways for the better.
C. You pick a fresh leaf from the tree.
D. You start doing something new.
8. Once you turn over a new leaf, you can’t expect to change completely right away. [0904:32] (1-5:145)
A. Once you have a new idea...
B. Once you think more carefully...
C. Once you take a new interest in plants...
D. Once you start to behave in a better way...
9. Y ou are bound to vacillate at times. [0607:43] (1-5:145)
A. Sometimes it is unavoidable for you to lose balance.
B. Sometimes you hesitate.
C. Sometimes you don’t know what to do.
D. Sometimes you are doomed to fail.
II.Writing
2000年10月：Are you Giving Y our Kids Too much? （1-05）
Topic: Why do so many parents indulge their children with too many material things?
2008年10月A re Y ou Giving Y our Kids T oo Much? (《综二》上册，L.5)
Topic：According to the author of “Are Y ou Giving Y our Kids Too Much?”, what is the right attitude parents should take when denying children’s excessive requests? Y ou should follow the outline given below：
1. The right attitude
2. The importance of it
3. Children’s response to it
When denying children’s excessive requests, parents should overcome their feeling of guilt and give a prompt and definite response.
A hesitation in a response signals parents’ inner conflict. When children detect it, they may keep arguing and pestering, hoping to get what they want. On the contrary, confident and certain tone shows children that parents firmly believe what they say, and children tend to abide by it. Actually, children really want their parents to be in control and act with conviction in a kind and loving way.
Even when parents adopt this new attitude, for a while, children may still apply the old pressures that used to work so well. Parents should not expect a sudden change. As far as parents
persist in denying their children’s excessive requests in a firm way and accepting occasional slips with the change, children may gradually make improvement and learn to respect parents’ decision. (150 words)
2012年4月：Are Y ou Giving Y our Kids Too Much?(《综二》上册，L.5) TOPIC: Based on the text “Are Y ou Giving Y our Kids Too Much?”, explain why parents give their children things they cannot afford. Use the following outline.
·the kinds of things parents give to their children
·the reasons
·your comment on such overindulgence
III.Translation
3. 一些父母往往因不能常和孩子在一起而感到内疚。[0804:64] (1-5:143)
Some parents may feel guilty about the amount of time they spend away from their children.
1. 父母顶不住孩子的无理要求，也就娇惯了孩子。[0907:61](1-5:143)
Overindulgence of a child also happens when parents are unable to stand up to their children's unreasonable demands.
2. 父母顶不住孩子的无理要求，也就娇惯了孩子。[1001:61](1-5:143)
Overindulgence of a child also happens when parents are unable to stand up to their children's unreasonable demands.
4. 随着劳动市场的竞争日趋激烈,许多人不再把他们的工作看成是理所当然的了. 【0801：67】(1-5:170)
With the labor market being increasingly competitive, many people do not take their present jobs for granted.
5. 只要你坚持写下去，你最终一定会成功. [0707:67] (1-5:170)
As long as you keep at it, finally you will sure be successful in writing.
6. 你不能指望一两个星期内就能大大提高英语口语水平. [1201:65] (1-5:171)
Y ou can not expect great improvement in oral English within one or two weeks.
7. 置于儿童不能拿到之处. [1007:65] (1-5:178)
Keep it out of the reach of children.
课后练习答案
3. Paraphrase
1. I could see from their angry look that they disliked me very much.
2. I’d rather have a big mouthful of water at the expense of my life.
3. … I felt very sleepy all over.
4. I couldn’t believe that the canteen was still there.
5. “when you are in charge and be responsible for other people, you are sure to look at things in
a different way, aren’t you?” he added.
词汇练习
1.（p.169）
1) overate; 2) overreacted 3) overslept
4) overcrowded 5) overwork
2. T ranslate the following into English.
1)
损伤关系to impair the relationship between…
减缓痛苦 to reduce pain
减轻负疚（感）t o lessen one’s guilt
施加压力 to put pressure
作出贡献to make one’s contribution
重新做人to turn over a new leaf
作出决定to make decisions
拒绝要求to refuse one’s request
发现原因to find reasons
兼职工作 part-time job
全职工作 full-time job
周围世界surrounding world
世纪之交 the torn or the century
成就感 a sense of achievement
责任感 a sense of responsibility
幽默感 a sense of homour
2) use the “useful expressions”
1.随着劳动市场的竞争日趋激烈,许多人不再把他们的工作看成是理所当然的了.
【0801：67】(1-5:170)
With the labor market being increasingly competitive, many people do not take their present jobs for granted.
2.保尔有四口之家要养活，他很清楚他必须尽最大的努力保住他的职位.
Paul has a family of four people to support, so he knows clearly that he has to try his
best to hold down his job.
3.经过一场旷日持久的、残酷的部落战争，本地区的百姓都渴望和平与安全.
After the brutal long-drawn-out tribal war, the common people living in the area are all
yearning for peace and security.
4.母亲顶住来自医生和亲戚的巨大压力，坚持教我读书写字.
Standing up to the great pressure from the doctor and relatives, my mother insisted on
teaching me reading and writing.
5.由于双方拒不妥协，仗一直打了十几年.
Since neither side gave in to the other, the war had been going on for more than a
decade.
6.只要你坚持写下去，你最终一定会成功. [0707:67] (1-5:170)
As long as you keep at it, finally you will sure be successful in writing.
7.假如你相信钱能为你的生活解除万难,你一定会大失所望.
If you believe in that money can help you clear away all the difficulties in your life, you
are bound to be greatly disappointed.
8.出版这本书可能会给出版社的声誉带来损害.
If the book is published , it would be harmful to the fame of the publishing house.
9.对书法如此无知,我十分惭愧.
I felt very guilty about my such ignorance of the Chinese calligraphy.
10.别人说你一生将好运不断时,你可别当真.
When others say that you will be constantly showered with good fortunes, don’t take it
seriously.
3）use give, feel, begin and expect.
1.我们邀请李教授来给我们上音乐课. We invited professor Li to give us music lessons.
2.音乐会7点开始，我们最好快点. The concert begins at 7 o’clock. We’d better hurry up.
3.蜡烛灭了，那人在衣兜里摸索着想找根火柴.The candle went out, and the man felt in
his pocket to search for a match.
4.他们都期盼系主任在中秋节举办一个晚会. They all expect the dean to hold a party on
the occasion of the Moon Festival.
5.孩子总是盼望家长对他们要什么给什么.Children always expect parents to give them
whatever they want.
6.我感到要求一个3随的孩子背熟这首长诗是不合理的. I feel that it is not reasonable
to require a three-years-old child to learn such a long poem by heart.
7.会见这些精力旺盛的年轻人给那位老人很大的乐趣. Meeting these energetic young
people five this old man great joy.
8.她觉得有人在跟踪她,开始担心起来. When she felt someone following her, she began
to worry.
9.老板解雇她的时候，她没有感到惊讶，因为她从为指望他会发善心.She was not
surprised when her boss dismissed her, for she never expected her boss to be kind to her.
10.你预料我会感激你的所谓帮助，告诉你，我不领情.Y ou expected me to be grateful for
you so-called help. Listen, I don’t appreciate your kindness at all.
11.敬请所有客人在招待会开始前半小时到场. Dear honored guests, please arrive at the
reception party half an hour before the time when the party begins.
12.你不能指望一两个星期内就能大大提高英语口语水平.Y ou can not expect great
improvement in oral English within one or two weeks. [1201:65] (1-5:171)
13.我有这么多事情要做，不知从哪件开始.I h ave so many things to do that I even don’t
know which one to begin with.
14.请给我一个试一试的机会.Please give me a chance to try.
15.我们预料韩磊会在演讲比赛中得第一名.We expected Hanlei to be the first in the
speech contest.
4. Complete the following sentences:
1) (1) for (2) for (3) on (4) of (5) with
(6) in; for (7) in; in to (8) with (9) out of; for (10) up
(11) behind; for (12) to; of (13) to (14) up (15) like; with
2) (1) common (2) afford (3) reason (4) yearn (5) specific
●common: 1) If something is common, it is found in large numbers or it happens often.
常见的; 2) if something is common to two or more people or groups, it is done,
possessed, or used by them all. 共同的; 共有的; 共用的;3) Common is used to
indicate that someone or something is of the ordinary kind and not special in any way.
普通的
●ordinary: 1) Ordinary people or things are normal and not special or different in any way.
普通的; 2) Something that is out of the ordinary is unusual or different. 不寻常的
●afford: 1) If you cannot afford something, you do not have enough money to pay for it.
支付得起; 2) If you say that you cannot afford to do something or allow it to happen,
you mean that you must not do it or must prevent it from happening because it would be
harmful or embarrassing to you. 承担得起
●offer: 1) If you offer something to someone, you ask them if they would like to have it
or use it. 提供(某物给某人); 2) If you offer to do something, you say that you are
willing to do it. 表示愿意(做某事)
●cause: 1) The cause of an event, usually a bad event, is the thing that makes it happen.
起因; 原因; 2) A cause is an aim or princ iple which a group of people supports or is
fighting for. 奋斗目标; 事业
●reason: 1) The reason for something is a fact or situation which explains why it happens
or what causes it to happen. 原因; 2) If you say that you have reason to believe
something or to have a particular emotion, you mean that you have evidence for your
belief or there is a definite cause of your feeling. 道理; 理由; 3) The ability that people
have to think and to make sensible judgments can be referred to as reason. 理智; 4) If
you reason that something is true, you decide that it is true after thinking carefully about
all the facts. 推断
●yearn: If someone yearns for something that they are unlikely to get, they want it very
much. 渴望
●crave: If you crave something, you want to have it very much. 渴望得到
●special: 1) Someone or something that is special is better or more important than other
people or things. 特别的; 2) Special means different from normal. 特殊的
●specific: 2) Y ou use specific to refer to a particular exact area, problem, or subject. 特定
的(部位、问题、主题等); 2) If someone is specific, they give a description that is
precise and exact. Y ou can also use specific to describe their description. 确切的; 3)
Something that is specific to a particular thing is connected with that thing only. 针对…
的
4.Choose the best word for each blank.
1) who 2) on 3) finished 4) instead 5) developed 6) style
7) describes 8) throughout 9) for 10) unable 11) ended 12) influences
语法练习答案
2. T ranslate the following into English, using imperative sentences.
1.我们今天下午把教室打扫一下吧. Let’s clean the classroom this afternoon.
2.请你告诉你妹妹晚上给我来电话. Please tell your sister to give me a phone call this evening.
3.千万不要相信那家报纸的报道.Be sure not to believe what re reported in that local newspaper.
4. 置于儿童不能拿到之处. Keep it out of the reach of children.[1007:65] (1-5:178)
5.汤里别放太多盐. Don’t put too much salt in the soup.
6.他很忙，我们别去打扰他了. Let’s not bother him. He is very busy.
7.别再批评他了,他对此事已经够难受的了. Don’t criticize him any more. He has been feeling awfully bad about it.
8.请离柜台一米远. Please stay one metre away from the counter.
9.下周五晚上你一定要来参加我的生日晚会.Don come to my birthday party next Friday evening.
10.碰到这样的情况，你一定要冷静. Do keep clam when you find yourself in such a situation.
4. Complete the sentences with the best choice.
1-5 B B D A D 6-10 A D C C D
Ⅰ.语法和词汇填空。阅读下面的句子或对话，从A、B、C和D四个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项的字母涂黑。(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) 1. He was educated at the local grammar school, after ______ he went on to Cambridge. A. when B. what C. which D. where 2. There’s no ______ to make an appointment. Just come to my office anytime after 10 in the morning. A. time B. need C. good D. chance 3. —Could I have a look at your essay to get a few ideas? —______ A. Sure. Why not? B. Yes, that’s right. C. Don’t mention it. D. That sounds great. 4. Even if you fail the first time, you should ______ trying. A. hold on B. go on C. work out D. carry out 5. A tall man walked into the bar in a woollen sweater, a jacket ____ at his waist. A. to tie B. tie C. ties D. tied 6. My father is a businessman and is often away from home. Sometimes I wish that he ______ making less money. A. will be B. has been C. were D. is 7. Technology has indeed had a direct ______ on our life today. A. change B. effort C. effect D. role 8. ______ you stop working for a while, you will be tired out. A. As B. Unless C. If D. When 9. Biological science should be developed to do good ______ harm to people. A. other than B. less than C. better than D. rather than 10.______ it was getting dark, we decided to stop at a hotel for the night. A. Since B. If C. Though D. That 11. The two boys look very much alike, but Robert is ______ one. A. the tallest B. the taller C. tall D. taller 12. The teacher, as well as three of his students, ______ taken an interest in traditional Chinese painting. A. is B. are C.has D. have 13. If I ______ harder at mathematics in school, I would have a much better chance of getting a good job. A. worked B. had worked C. were to work D. were working 14. Gone are the days ______ I was young and as strong as a horse.
第一单元? 如何发表演说 斯蒂芬·卢卡斯? ???? 在人类创造的万物中，语言可能是最卓越的一项创造。通过语言，我们可以分享经验、阐明价值观念、交流思想、传播知识、传承文化。确实，语言对于思想本身至关重要。和流行的信仰不同的是：语言并不是简单地反映事实，而是通过对事件意义的思考来帮助人们感悟现实。? ???? 优秀的演说者尊重语言并懂得如何驾驭语言。语言是演说者展示才能的工具，对于他们来说，如同其他职业的工具一样,语言也有特殊的功用。作为一名演说者，你应该意识到话语的意义，并懂得如何准确无误地使用语言，使其表达清楚，趣味横生，恰如其分。? 如同数字对于会计的重要性一样，准确地使用语言对于演说者至关重要。在没有确切知道一个词语的意思之前，千万不要盲目使用。碰到没有把握的词语，一定要查词典追根究底。当你准备演讲之前，一定要不断地问自己：“我究竟想说些什么？我究竟想表达什么样的意思？”因此，对于一篇演讲稿的用词来说，必须准确无误。? 如果语言表达清楚无误，听众就能很快抓住你的意思。鉴于此，演说者应该使用那些对于大多数人来说非常熟悉的词语，这些词语不需要任何专业背景就能够理解；演说者应该使用那些表达具体而不是相对抽象的词语；并且千万不要乱堆砌辞藻，哗众取宠。? 准确生动地使用语言能够使你的演说贴近生活。有一种方法可以使你的语言更加生动形象，那就是通过展开联想或创造语言图示。通过使用表达具体的词语、明喻或者暗喻等手法可以展开想像。明喻是对事物不同之处的比较，不过有些是相同的：它们总是包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。暗喻是一种隐性的比喻，它能够把两个形式不同但是有一些相通之处的事物联系在一起，暗喻不包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。? 另一种让你的演说生动形象的方法是注重语言的节奏感。有四种修辞格可以让你的语言富有节奏感：排比、重复、头韵和对比。排比是将一组或一系列具有相似结构的词语、短语或者句子排列在一起；重复是在一系列短句或者长句的开头或者结尾使用相同的一句话或者一组词语；头韵是指邻近或者相邻的几个句子中的首个词语的辅音字母相同；对比是将一些意思相反的词语或者句子并列在一起，通常使用排比结构。 恰当地使用语言是指语言的运用要符合特定的场合、特定的观众和特定的主题。同时，恰当地使用语言还意味着演说者要有自己的语言风格，而不是模仿他人的口吻。如果演说者的语言在各个方面都能够做到恰如其分，那么这篇演说成功的机率就会大大提高。??????? 优秀的演说并不是空穴来风、缺乏论据的决断。演说者必须找到强有力的论据来支持其观点。实际上，熟练地使用论据经常是区别一篇优秀演说词和一篇空洞演说词的关键所在。一般来说，通常有三种论据材料：事例、统计数据和证词。? ???????在演说过程中，你可以使用一些简明扼要的例子——比如过去发生的一个很具体的事件——有时候，你可以罗列好几个简明的例子，借此增强听众的印象。扩展性的例子——描述、叙述或者奇闻轶事——通常长一些，但更具体。夸张性的例子描述想像中的情形，这种例子能够将相关的想法有效地传达给听众。这三种例子都能够帮助演说者理清思绪、加强印象或者使演说更加娓娓动听。为了使表达更加富有效果，例子应该生动活泼，丰富多彩。 只要演说者对于统计数据用之得当并且加以解释，这些数据将有助于有效地传达信息，听众也能从统计数据中获益匪浅。最重要的是：演说者应该对统计数据了如指掌，并且运用得恰如其分。由于数据很容易操纵和捏造，因此，对于演说者来说，一定要确保图表没有张冠李戴，并且要确保统计方法正确，数据来源可靠。?
Text-B The Language of Confidence The language we use program s our brain s.Master ing our language gives us a great degree of mastery over our lives and our destinies. It is important to use language in the best way possible in order to dramatically improve your quality of life. program 程序 brain 大脑 master 主人、精通 degree 程度 destinies 命运 possible 可能的 dramatically 显著的 improve 改善 quality 品质 Even the smallest of words can have the deepest effect on our sub-conscious mind.It is like a child,it doesn’t really understand the difference between what really happens and what you imagine. It is eager to please and willing to carry out any commands that you give it-whether you do this knowingly or not is entirely up to you. "Try" even 甚至 effect 影响 sub-conscious 潜意识 mind 记忆 imagine 想象 eager 渴望 to carry out 执行 command 命令 knowingly 故意的 entirely 完全的 It is a small word yet it has an amazing impact upon us. If someone says, "I'll try to do that" you know that they are not going to be putting their whole heart into it, and may not even do it at all. How often do you use the word try when talking about the things that matter to you? Do you say "I'll try to be more confident" or "I'll try to do that" or "I'll try to call"?
综合英语（一）下 Lesson One The Story of an Hour 一小时的故事 Kate Chopin Learning Guide 一位已婚女士闻其丈夫惨死于火车事故，不顾自己衰弱的心脏能否经受得住，当即入放声痛哭，随后又不顾亲友的劝告将自己锁在屋内。她推开窗子，迎来外面雨后的一片春意盎然。那充满生机的景象突然唤醒了长期隐藏在她心底深处的愿望，她感到了身心从未有过的自由。正当她憧憬着未来的自由时?? 1They knew that Louise Mallard had a weak heart. So they broke the bad news gently. Her husband, Brently, was dead. 他们知道路易丝·马拉德的心脏不太好，所以把坏消息透露给她时非常委婉。她的丈夫布伦特里死 了 2“ There was a train accident, Louise, ” said her sister Josephine, quietly. 3Her husband's friend, Richards, brought the news, but Josephine told the story. She spoke in broken 4“ Richards ?waast the newspaper office. News of the accident came. Louise ?Lou iBsere, ntly's name was on the list. Brently ?was killed, Louise. ” “出了一次火车事故，路易丝。”姐姐约瑟芬轻声说道。带来消息的是她丈夫的朋友理查兹，但告诉她的是约瑟芬。约瑟芬在讲述时语不成句。 “理查兹当时正在报社，消息传了过来。路易丝??路易丝，死者的名单上有布伦特里的名字。布 伦特里??遇难了，路易丝。” 5Louise did not hear the story calmly, like some women would.She could not close her mind or her heart to the news. Like a sudden storm , her tears broke out . She cried, at once, loudly in her sister's arms. Then, just as suddenly, the tears stopped. She went to her room alone. She would not let anyone follow her. 路易丝听到这个噩耗，没有像有些妇女所可能表现的那样平静。她不可能做到无动于衷。泪水像突如其 来的暴雨，夺眶而出。她立时呼号起来，在姐姐的怀里放声大哭。随后她的泪水就像它们突然来时的那样又突然止住了。她独自走进自己的房间，不让任何人跟着进去。 6In front of the window stood a large, comfortable armchair. Into this she sank and looked out of the window. She was physically exhausted after her tears. Her body felt cold; her mind and heart were empty. 7Outside her window she could see the trees. The air smelled like spring rain. She could hear someone singing far away. Birds sang near the house. Blue sky showed between the clouds. She rested. 窗前放着一把又大又舒适的扶手椅。她疲惫地坐到椅子上，向窗外望去。哭过之后，她筋疲力尽。她浑身冰凉，脑子里和心里一片空白
Unit 1 C 1.The younger generation should continue to sustain and develop our fine traditions and long-standing culture. 2.In the course of preparing one’s speech, one should be clearly aware of how one could make effective use of statistics and examples to bolster one’s point of view. 3.An impromptu speech is one of the speaking skills that college students should learn and develop through practice. 4.By using simile and metaphor, you can make your language more vivid and more attractive to your audience. 5.The proper examples you cite might help reinforce the impression on your listeners and make your viewpoints more convincing. 6.When you are speaking, you should choose common and easy words and at the same time avoid clutter in your speech.
??????????????????????精品自学考试资料推荐?????????????????? 全国 2018 年 7 月自学考试综合英语（一）试题 课程代码： 00794 Ⅰ、词法和词汇。从 A 、 B、 C、 D 四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将所选答案的字母填在答题纸相应的位置上。（本大题共20 小题，每小题 1 分，共 20 分） 1 .Tom has three _____. A. brothers-in-law B. brother-in-laws C. brother-in-law D. brothers in law 2. Measles (麻疹 ) _____ a long time to get over. A. take B. takes C. spend D. spends 3. I caught the last bus from town; but Tom came home __ than I. A. more late B. more later C. even later D. the later 4. It _____ that the young Marine was not the old man ’ s son. A. turned out B. came to C. happened to D. looked out 5. The wind died ____ and it began to rain. A. off B. out C. up D. away 6. You shouldn ’ t take _____ of that child who knows nothing about it. A. chance B. advantage C. away D. benefit 7. In America, many white people are _____ the black people. A. prejudiced to B. prejudicing against C. prejudiced against D. prejudiced at 8. The soldier reported what he had seen to the general _____. A. an time B. upon time 1
系动词 系动词，亦称连系动词（Link Verb）。作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语，亦称补语（形容词），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。英语除动词be 之外，还有一些动词也可以做系动词，如表示状态或情况的：keep, look, feel, appear, lie, remain, seem, stay, smell, sound, taste等；以及表示变化的：get, grow, turn, fall, run, become, go, 等。 1. to be 可以加在seem, prove, remain, appear 等系动词和其后的名词或形容词之间，但也可以省略。 E.g. The task proved (to be) impossible. E.g. They seem (to be) such friendly people, but they never replied to our invitation. 注意：在seem, appear 等词后，可加其他非to be 不定式，但这时他们不是系动词，而是不及物动词。 Courtesy, politeness, good manner? Call it what you will, the supply never seems to equal the demand. 非人称代词it 做句子的形式主语 1. 代表不定式 E.g. It is absurd to be afraid under such circumstances. 2. 代表动名词 E.g. It is terrible trying to keep up with the Jones. 3. 代表that 引导的从句 E.g. It is plain to everyone that she was offended. 4. 代表wh- 引导的从句 E.g. As long as he finishes his work, it doesn’t matter when he comes to the office. 做句子的形式宾语 1. 代表不定式 E.g. They found it difficult to get along with him. 2. 代表从句 E.g. I think it best that you (should) stay with me. E.g. He soon made it clear why he had asked a conference. 用来改变句子结构，使句子某一成分得到强调
Task 2 A contrary to implicit assertion look up adapted Sustain unbiased In the course of metaphor clutter B bolster credible impromptu sparingly anecdote Credentials testimony hypothetical paraphrase juxtaposition Task 3 Translation B.发言提纲是有效发言的基础。通过写发言提纲，你可以确保你的思想是相关联的，你的思路从一点谈到另一点，你的讲话结构是连贯的。通常，准备讲演你可以采用两种提纲方式：详细准备提纲和简单发言提纲。 在准备发言提纲中，应该写出你的特定目的及中心思想，并以连贯的方式确定主要观点和次要观点，发言提纲应该由简要的提要组成，这些提要在你讲话时能够给予你一些帮助。发言提纲还应该包括帮助你记忆的重点词或重点短语。在写发言提纲时，可采用准备提纲的模式，尽可能使你的发言提纲简要，同时，要确保提纲清晰，易于辨认。 C. 1. The younger generation should continue to sustain and develop our fine traditions and long-standing culture. 2. In the course of preparing one’s speech, one should be clearly aware of how one could make effective use of statistics and examples to bolster one’s point of view. 3. An impromptu speech is one of the speaking skills that college students should learn and develop through practice. 4. By using simile and metaphor, you can make your language more vivid and more attractive to your audience. 5. The proper examples you cite might help reinforce the impression on your listeners and make your viewpoints more convincing. 6. When you are speaking, you should choose common and easy words and at the same time avoid clutter in you speech. 7. When you write a paper, citing the views from some experts is a good way to make your ideas more credible. 8. A good method of delivering a speech will improve its quality and will help convey the speakers’ ideas clearly and interestingly. 9. You should mot blindly use a word that you are not sure about, and if you are not sure, look up the word in a dictionary. 10. Your language should adapt to the particular occasion and audience. If your language is appropriate in all respects, your speech is successful. D. Before you deliver an academic speech, you should, first of all, get well prepared for it. Then, you should make your major points clear in your speech, and your speech should be well organized. When speaking, you should not speak too fast, and your language should be exp licit. Don’t always read the notes you prepared beforehand. From time to time, you should look at your audience. On one hand, you can show your respect to your audience, and on the other hand, you will be able to go on with your speech more smoothly.
全国自考英语《综合英语一》历年真题详解 2015年全国自考《综合英语（一）》真题及详解 课程代码：00794 选择题部分 I. 语法和词汇填空。阅读下面的句子，从A、B、C和D四个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项的字母涂黑。（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20） 1. Down about two hundred yards _____ three logs right across the stream. A. is B. are C. have D. has 【答案】B查看答案 【解析】句意：沿着溪流对面向下二百码的地方，有三根木头。方位副词down 位于句首，句子全部倒装，谓语动词与主语three logs保持一致，用复数形式。B项符合题意，故选B项。 2. She has always enjoyed reading newspapers, magazines and books, all of _____ have been of great help to her in television reporting. A. that B. them
D. which 【答案】D查看答案 【解析】句意：她一直都很喜欢阅读报纸、杂志和书籍，这些对她在电视上的报道有很大的帮助。两个句子都有谓语动词，且用逗号隔开，故为非限定性定语从句，只能用关系代词which引导。D项符合题意，故选D项。 3. The reason _____ his being late was that the flight he took had been delayed. A. of B. in C. for D. with 【答案】C查看答案 【解析】句意：他迟到的原因是航班延误了。the reason for 为固定搭配，表示“……的原因”。C项符合题意，故选C项。 4. Keep trying, and you’ll figure it out. You know _____ they say: if at first you don’t succeed, try, try again. A. why B. what C. how
做试题,没答案?上自考365,网校名师为你详细解答! 全国2009年4月高等教育自学考试 综合英语（一）试题答案及解析 课程代码：00794 第一部分选择题 I. 用正确的语法形式或词汇填空。从A, B, C, D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将答案的字母写在答题纸上。（每小题1分, 共30分） 1. 正确选项为D。因为：so far 表示从……开始，宜用完成时态。 2. 正确选项为C。因为：句中需要一个转折关系的连词。 3. 正确选项为D。因为：just as well表示“也，还”，常与may/might连用。 4. 正确选项为B。因为：先行词为（a few）courses, 表示其中的一些用some of which。 5. 正确选项为A。因为：表示“花多少钱”之意时要用much来修饰，而表示多少倍数时要加在比较级结构as…as之前面。 6. 正确选项为B。因为：相比较的成分是composition, 要用所有格, 表示“的”字所属关系。 7. 正确选项为B。因为：mean + to do sth.表示打算做某事, 而mean + doing sth则表示意味着、意思是。 8. 正确选项为B。因为：当引导虚拟语气条件句的if被省略时，可用倒装结构来引出条件句，即用Were/Had/Should + 主（谓）。It were/had been for…表示“若不是…”。 9. 正确选项为C。因为：not only放在句首时要倒装结构。 10. 正确选项为A。因为：此句表示被动意义, 故均要用被动结构。 11. 正确选项为A。因为：用现在分词完成式（作状语）表示动作发生在主句谓语动词所表 示的动作之前；不定式作状语则表示目的、结果等，含有将来意义。注意否定词not的位置。 12. 正确选项为D。因为：根据题意应表示使自己被别人听到，所以要用被动结构 make…done。 13. 正确选项为A。因为：We’d better中’d为had 的缩写，所以表示反意问句时选用A项。 14. 正确选项为C。因为：使某事被做用have sth. done。 15. 正确选项为D。因为：前半句为分词独立结构“名词(逻辑主语)+分词短语”，并根据句 意要用被动式。
全国2019年10月高等教育自学考试 综合英语（一）试题 课程代码：00794 Ⅰ.用适当语法形式或词汇填空。从A、B、C和D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题纸上将所选答案的字母涂黑。（本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分） 1.This dress cost me（）the one I am wearing. A. twice as much as B. as twice much as C. as much twice as D. much as twice as 2.John suggested that we（）have the evening party this Sunday. A. didn’t B. not C. wouldn’t D. not to 3.Our team（）three matches so far this year, and we still have some more games to play. A. was winning B. has won C. wins D. had won 4.John’s never been to London.（）. A. And hasn’t Tom B. Nor Tom hasn’t C. Neither has Tom D. Tom hasn’t neither 5.I’m interested in（）you told me that day. A. all that B. which C. all what D. that 6.My sister has always regretted（）the opportunity to go to college. A. not to take B. not take C. having not taken D. not having taken 7.I（）to attend a social gathering, but something came up. A. have wanted B. had wanted C. want D. have been wanting 8.Cynthia said that she was not feeling well,（） A. didn’t she B. did she C. wasn’t she D. was she 9.（）is reported in today’s newspaper, a medical team will be sent to the western area of the country. A. It B. Which C. That D. As 10.（）cold and windy, most children in the community stayed indoors. A. Being B. It being C. It was D. To be 11.Looking out of the window, （）outside. A. it was a young man B. there was a young man C. a young man was D. I saw a young man 1
自考课程综合测验 综合英语（一）试卷 （课程代码 00794 ） 一．语法和词汇填空。阅读下面的句子或对话，从A 、B 、C 和D 四个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项。本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分） 1. There has been ____growth in industry this year than there should have been. A. much B. most C. little D. less 2. When you expect too much of others, you are ____ to become disappointed. A. timely B. probable C. likely D. possible 3. It is necessary ____ technical training for all the new employees. A. to provide B. to be provided C. providing D. being provided 4. The mass media keep us well ____ of what is happening in the world which would otherwise remain unknown. A. concerned B. exposed C. acquainted D. informed 5. She____ blame other people for her troubles than admit her own mistakes. A. would rather B. had better C. prefers to D. has to 6. Problems may come up when people have no ____of the law. A. message B. knowledge C. information D. intelligence 7. You have little chance of getting the job____ you have professional training. A. unless B. as if C. in case D. so that 8. The Eight O’clock News will have a(n)____ report of the important meeting in Paris. A. live B. alive C. living D. lively 9. Mary ran ____ one of her college teachers in the supermarket yesterday. A. out B. across C. over D. by 10. To everyone’s disappointment, his plan failed ____ all his efforts. A. in spite of B. as a result of C. for the sake of D. in the interest of 二、用国际音标标出下列单词中划线字母或字母组合的读音。（本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分）（注意：使用新式或老式音标均可） 11. project 12. oxygen 13. avenue 14. various 15. dishonest 三、根据所学课文内容完成句子。（本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分） 16. In “The Great Idea of Mr. Budd”, William Strickland was arrested by the police because ____. 17. The young man in “The Outside Chance” bought ‘tomorrow’s paper”, which reported the results of ____ and the news about a factory disaster in his hometown. 18. Hans Christian Andersen finally realized that “it doesn’t matter if you are born in a duck -yard, as long as ____.” 19. In “Freedom in Dying”, Jim’s mother has been truly great. She has shown how much she loves Jim without depriving him of his ____. 20. In “The Emotional Bank Account”, the author notes that, in relationships, the little things are the big things, and that they go a long way toward building ____. 四、汉译英。（本大题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分） 21.他问我这本书是否已被译成英语。 22.他跟我讲话的方式我接受不了。 23.这个故事告诉我们一个道理：幸福不是终点，而是过程。 24.那位妇女在得知丈夫的死讯后放声大哭。 年级 班级 准考证号 姓名
全国2018年7月自考综合英语(一)试题 课程代码：00794 I. 用适当的语法形式或词汇填空。从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将其代码填在答题纸相应的位置上。(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) 1. I planned（）the task before last Sunday, but failed because of a bad cold. A. to finish B. to have finished C. finishing D. having finished 2. Tom has been writing letters all morning, but he should finish them by now,（）? A. has he B. hasn’t he C. should he D. shouldn’t he 3. We can make some changes in the plan（）you find anything improper. A. in case B. unless C. so that D. even though 4. The manner in which he talked reminded me（）his grandfather. A. in B. by C. of D. towards 5. He has made another wonderful discovery,（）of great importance to science. A. I think which it B. which I think is C. that I think is D. which I think it is 6. It’s 10∶00 a.m. Mr. Johnson（）home now, for he told me that he would meet me in his office at this time. A. must be B. mustn’t be C. can be D. can’t be 1
Lesson Twelve: Selling the Post （II）打印本页 I. Outline of the Text Part 1: （Para. 1） The 1930’s were a hard period for the Bakers and Russell’s father had died. Part 2: （Paras. 2-17） Russell proved to be a poor salesman. He was too shay and timid for the job. Part 3: （Paras. 18-26） Doris proved to be a better salesperson. Part 4: （Paras. 27-33） Mrs. Baker concluded that her son lacked the competitive zeal a salesman needed. And from a composition he wrote Mrs. Baker discovered his talent for writing. Russell decided to become a writer. Ⅱ. Text Part 1: （Para. 1） 1 We lived in Belleville, New Jersey, a commuter town at the northern fringe of Newark. It was 1932,the bleakest year of the Depression. 译文：那是1932年，大萧条时期最不景气的年头。 commuter 通勤者 fringe=edge bleakest=darkest=severest My father had died two years before, leaving us with a few pieces of Sears, Roebuck furniture and not much else, and my mother had taken my sister, Doris, and me to live with one of her younger brothers. 译文：两年前，我父亲去世，除了几件西尔斯和罗巴克家具之外，没给我们留下什么别的东西，我母亲带着我和妹妹多丽丝去投奔她的一个弟弟。 leave sb sth 留给某人某物。 This was my Uncle Allen. Uncle Allen had made something of himself by 1932. As salesman for a soft-drink bottler, he had an income of $30 a week; wore pearl-gray spats, detachable collars, and a three-piece suit; was happily married; and took in threadbare relatives. 译文：他推销一种软饮料装瓶机，每周收入30美元，鞋外套着珠灰色的鞋罩，脖子上有可拆卸的领子，身穿三件套的西服；他婚姻美满；接纳身穿破衣烂衫的亲戚住在他家。 take in：accept threadbare：poor Part 2: （Paras. 2-17） 2 With my load of magazines I headed toward Belleville Avenue. That’s where the