当前位置:文档之家› 高考英语任务型阅读试题评析

高考英语任务型阅读试题评析

高考英语任务型阅读试题评析
高考英语任务型阅读试题评析

第13卷第5期2011年10月

V ol. 13, No. 5

Oct., 2011基础英语教育

Journal of Basic English Education

一、引言

2008年,高考英语江苏卷首次采用了任务型阅读题型。该题型是根据《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》(教育部,2003)(以下简称《新课标》)所提倡的“任务型教学”设计的一种新题型,体现了交际语言测试理论。它要求考生根据目标文本,在阅读理解的基础上,用恰当的词语补全文章提纲、概括关键内容或进行关键词词语转换,既考查了考生阅读理解、获取信息和整合信息的能力,也考查了考生的判断推理及书面表达能力。该题型体现了英语课程改革的理念,落实了《新课标》提倡学生用语言做事的要求,与课程教程内容相吻合,对教学具有良好的反拨作用。

本文通过对2008—2011年高考英语江苏卷任务型阅读题命题思路的分析和对2011年任务型阅读题的评析探究解题策略,以期对高中英语阅读教学提出一些积极的建议。

二、任务型阅读题的特点

(一)体现课改理念,落实课标的读写要求

任务型阅读题体现了英语课程改革的理念,落实了《新课标》八级的读写要求。《新课标》八级对读和写的要求为:“学生能识别不同文体的特征;能通过分析句子结构理解难句和长句;能理解阅读材料中不同的观点和态度;能根据学习任务的需要从多种媒体中获取信息并进行加工处理;能根据所读文章进行转述或写摘要;能根据用文字及图表提供的信息写短文或报告”。《新课标》的教学建议中也明确提出要“帮助学生在运用中掌握阅读策略,推理判断、猜测词义、理解文章结构、理解图表信息、理解逻辑关系、理解作者意图等”。

(二)提升测试效度,有效考查综合语言能力

任务型阅读题中由于所填写信息相对固定,在保证测试真实性的同时,保证了评分的客观性,可以提升试题的效度(王笃勤,2007)。任务型试题首先可以考查学生分析图表的能力,分析图表中各类信息所属的范畴,既可以考查对具体信息的理解,也可以考查推理判断能力(王笃勤,2006)。任务型题要求考生整合短文中相关信息,然后根据题目要求将最准确的词汇填入对应图表中。这要求考生具有基本的文体结构知识和较强的识别信息、处理信息的能力,且答题要求语言

高考英语任务型阅读试题评析

章玉芳

摘?要:?本文通过对2008—2011年高考英语江苏卷的任务型阅读题命题思路的分析和对2011年任务型阅读题的评析,提出高中英语教师在阅读教学中既要重视语言知识的教学,更要重视语篇层次的教学,

并且要对学生进行系统的阅读策略培训。

关键词:任务型阅读;试题评析;阅读教学

中图分类号:G623. 31?文献标识码:C?文章编号:1009-2536 (2011) 05-0066-06

评价与测试

66

精炼、概括性强,要求考生有一定的语言组织能力(沈正南,2008)。因此,任务型题可以检验学生综合运用语言知识的能力,保证了对阅读能力考查的有效性。

(三)与课程内容吻合,对教学具有积极的反拨作用

考试的反拨作用取决于考试与当前教学实践的吻合程度(Alderson,1993)。江苏省英语教材从小学到中学均使用了牛津教材,阅读部分的教学均以任务型教学为主,并且任务设计形式丰富多样,师生没有必要针对高考中的任务型阅读搞题海战术,只要脚踏实地地完成教材里的各种阅读练习活动,就完全可以应对高考试题中的任务型阅读题。

三、任务型阅读题的命题思路及评析

(一)任务型阅读题的命题思路

《2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(江苏卷)说明》(江苏省教育考试院,2007)中任务型阅读的典型示例包括三种要求,四种示例,《2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(江苏卷)说明》(江苏省教育考试院,2009)将该部分调整为一种要求,两种示例——表格式和树状式。题例中要求考生“根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词,注意每空一词”,在示例二中特别强调“补全填空应符合语法和搭配要求”。这些变化要求考生不仅要读懂文章,掌握文章大意并分析文章结构框架,还要求考生必须具备扎实的语言知识和精确的书面表达能力。

通过Readability Analyzer 1.0软件的计算,从表1可以看出,2008—2011年任务型阅读的文段字数在400—500之间,表格的字数在100—200之间。2008卷、2009卷和2011卷的任务型文本的易读度在50—60之间,2010卷的易读度为67.60,难度稍低。高考阅读文本的易读度在50—60之间,根据Flesch易读度衡量表属于“较难”。

高考是选拔性考试,这个难度是合适的(辜向东、王秋艳,2008)。

从任务型阅读文段的体裁来看,2008年、2009年为说明文,2010年为科普文,2011年为议论文。2008年的任务型阅读文段介绍了团队合作的有关事项,2009年的文段介绍了交流的原则,2010年的主题是关于鸟类是如何利用自身内部的指南针识别方向的,2011年介绍了领导人何时应该、何时不应该道歉这个话题。学生对2008、2009和2011年的任务型阅读的题材比较熟悉,对2010年的话题比较陌生。但是从表1可以看出,2010年的易读度为67.60,比2008、2009和2011的文本都容易。可以看出,今后任务型阅读题仍将以说明文、议论文为主,题材的选择会更广泛。

2008、2009和2010卷的图表均为表格式,2011卷的图表形式为阶层图,但其实质仍然是表格式。任务型阅读文段的脉络清晰,表格的设计直观地显示了文章的主体结构以及各个自然段之间不同层次信息的有机联系,考生只须按照行文顺序,便能找出相应的信息。2008—2011年的文本都在文段开头或是表格开头给出了标题,通过标题给考生丰富的信息提示,方便考生理解,充分体现了对考生的人文关怀。

(二)2011年任务型阅读题评析

2011年江苏卷的任务型阅读共591个词,其

中语篇429词,表格162词,介绍了领导人何时应该道歉而何时不应该这个话题,表格按照行文

表1 2008—2011年任务型阅读统计

试卷年份总字数(任务型阅读文段中的字数+表格中的字数)任务型文本易读度句子总数平均句长2008544 (426+118)54.602020.50 2009646 (501+145)54.202917.40 2010675 (481+194)67.603313.90 2011591 (429+162)49.203113.80

67

的顺序分别介绍了“为什么公开道歉如此难?为什么关于公开道歉这个话题的讨论如今在美国是如此迫切?为什么领导者对公开道歉感到如此困扰?为什么领导者经常拒绝公开道歉?”等一系列问题。除了给出标题,每段都以最简短的语言给出了段意,给考生最丰富的信息提示。为了方便阅读,笔者将任务型阅读原文的阶层图转成了行列式的表格。

以下是2011年任务型阅读原文。

When Should a Leader Apologize and When Not?

Why Difficult?

When we wrong someone we know, even not intentionally, we are generally expected to apologize so as to improve the situation. But when we’re acting as leaders, the circumstances are different. The act of apology is carried out not merely at the level of the individual but also at the level of the institution. It is a performance in which every expression matters and every word becomes part of the public record. Refusing to apologize can be smart, or it can be stupid. So, readiness to apologize can be seen as a sign of strong character or as a sign of weakness. A successful apology can turn hate into personal and organizational harmony—while an apology that is too little, too late, or too obviously strategic can bring on individual and institutional ruin. What, then, is to be done? How can leaders decide if and when to apologize publicly?

Why Now?

The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more urgent. During the last decade or so, the United States in particular has developed an apology culture—apologies of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more frequently than before. More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of public apologies. More articles, cartoons, advice columns, and radio and television programs have similarly dealt with the subject of private apologies.

Why Bother?

Why do we apologize? Why do we ever put ourselves in situations likely to be difficult, embarrassing, and even risky? Leaders who apologize publicly could be an easy target. They are expected to appear strong and capable. And whenever they make public statements of any kind, their individual and institutional reputations are in danger. Clearly, then, leaders should not apologize often or lightly. For a leader to express apology, there needs to be a good, strong reason. Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of not doing so.

Why Refuse?

Why is it that leaders so often refuse to apologize, even when a public apology seems to be in order? Their reasons can be individual or institutional. Because leaders are public figures, their apologies are likely to be personally uncomfortable and even professionally risky. Leaders may also be afraid that admission of a mistake will damage or destroy the organization for which they are responsible. There can be good reasons for hanging tough in tough situations, as we shall see, but it is a high-risk strategy.

When should a leader apologize and when not?

Why is it so difficult

to apologize

publicly?

Public apology is much more than a

personal (71).

It’s no (72) job to strike a

balance between apologizing or not.

Apologies not (73) offered can

bring on individual and institutional

ruin.

Why has the issue of

public apology been

so (74) now in

the USA?

In an apology (75), admission

of all sort of wrongdoings is more

required than before.

The (76) importance of public

apologies has been widely reported in

the mass media.

68

Why do leaders bother so much about public apologies?Being public figures, leaders are (77) to appear strong and capable. There needs to be a sufficient reason for a leader to apologize in (78).

Why do leaders often refuse to apologize publicly?Making apologies is (79) to be personally uncomfortable and even professionally risky. Admission of a mistake or wrongdoing will probably do (80) to their organization.

参考答案:

71. performance/act/activity; 72. easy;

73. properly/appropriately/successfully/rightly;

74. urgent; 75. culture; 76. growing/increasing/rising;

77. expected/supposed/required;78. public;

79. likely; 80. harm/damage

任务型阅读题对读写能力的考查包括筛选信息能力、组织信息能力和概括信息能力。下面从三方面来解读2011年任务型阅读题。

1. 筛选信息能力题

这类题属于基础题,考生经过筛选可以从文段中获取相关信息,能比较轻松地完成任务。例如,由第一段中的The act of apology is carried out not merely at the level of the individual but also at the level of the institution. It is a performance in which every expression matters and every word becomes part of the public record.可筛选出act和performance这两个词作为第71题的答案。再如,从第二段中的During the last decade or so, the United States in particular has developed an apology culture—apologies of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more frequently than before.中可以筛掉多余的信息,选出第75题的答案为culture。另外,第79题的答案likely可以从第四段的Because leaders are public figures, their apologies are likely to be personally uncomfortable and even professionally risky.中筛选出。

2. 组织信息能力题

这类题属于活用题,要求考生在获取信息之后,根据题目要求,对相关信息进行二次加工,通过词形转换、句子结构转换或者同义词和反义词转换、前缀和后缀转换等改变原句的表达方式,从而确定恰当的答案。

(1)词形转换

第73题的答案隐藏在第一段的A successful apology can turn hate into personal and organizational harmony—while an apology that is too little, too late, or too obviously strategic can bring on individual and institutional ruin.中,由此句话可以看出答案应该与successful有关。需要通过词形转换来完成该题,应使用副词successfully。再如,第80题在文段中对应的文字为第四段的Leaders may also be afraid that admission of a mistake will damage or destroy the organization for which they are responsible. 原文为damage和destroy,但是动词do后面需要接名词,而destroy不能用作名词,因此答案为damage或harm。由于考生熟悉短语do harm to,他们更容易想到harm这个词。

(2)句子结构转换

以第76题为例,此题对应的原文应为More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of public apologies. 这个句子本身是主动语态,原句的主语是newspaper writers。而在表格中,mass media取代了newspaper writers。我们知道newspaper是mass media的一部分,而这句话在表格中是以被动语态出现的。看清这一点后就很容易得出本题的答案growing了。

(3)代词指代转换

典型实例为第77题。通过细读第三段Leaders who apologize publicly could be an easy target. They are expected to appear strong and capable.可以发现,they指代的就是题干中的leaders,由此可轻松得出答案为expected。

3. 概括信息能力题

这类题属于综合概括题,要求考生在充分理解文段大意的基础上,根据作者的写作思路,对所获得的信息进行概括处理,从而准确无误地归纳出文段的行标题、列标题或关键词。考生不仅要有概括信息能力,还要有一定的语言表达能力。

69

(1)行(列)标题的概括

第74题即为这样一道题。考生可以通过第二段的第一句话The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more urgent.以及对整段的概括,得出答案为urgent。

(2)关键词的提炼

我们可以参考第72题。按照行文的顺序,考生可以猜测答案是在第一段,但原文中没有直接的文字。我们从第一段的小标题Why difficult?和这一段中的difficult, embarrassing, and even risky 等词以及整段的意思可以得出此处需要一个表述态度的形容词,由此可得出用no easy来概括,表述非常精确。

(3)关键词的重复

第78题是一个考查关键词重复的题目。从第三段For a leader to express apology, there needs to be a good, strong reason. Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of not doing so.可以看出,需要用短语in...来代替publicly。文段中六次出现public,三次出现publicly,由此可看出public是本文段的高频词,介词in后面用名词,因此答案为public。

由上述分析可以看出,2011年任务型阅读题中筛选信息题、组织信息题和概括信息题的比例为3:4:3,以中等题为主,区分度良好,与2008—2010年保持一致。

四、对高中英语阅读教学的建议

任务型阅读题要求考生在全面把握文章结构和内容的基础上,剖析词义、句法及句际关系等微观结构,加大了对考生语篇分析领悟能力的检测力度。在阅读教学中,教师既要重视语言知识和语言能力的教学,更要注重语篇层次的教学,并且要对学生进行系统的阅读策略培训。

(一)重视语言知识的教学,夯实语言知识基础

学生对阅读材料的掌握必须建构在系统的词汇和语法知识的基础之上。虽然学生的阅读技能和阅读策略在阅读中起着一定作用,但如果学生缺乏词汇知识和语法知识,则会阻碍阅读技能的发挥,影响阅读效果。在阅读教学过程中,教师的教学和学生的自学都必须重视夯实语音、词汇和语法等基本语言知识的掌握和听、说、读、写等基本语言能力的培养。教师可以让学生课前做好与阅读内容相关的词汇、语法等方面的预习,课上和学生一起总结归纳基本语言知识。

(二)重视语篇层次的教学,加强语篇意识的培养

教师应引导学生从关注课文的宏观结构及其他语篇特征入手,把握文章主旨和大意,从语篇内部各层次间或外显或内隐的联系去把握文章的脉络和论证逻辑,在学习语言的同时训练和提升学生的思维能力和水平。语篇是社会文化的产物,是一定语境的体现,同时又体现于语法和词汇之中。语篇能力的培养更有利于提高学生的阅读能力。教师必须引导学生掌握必需的语篇知识,做到精泛结合,使之互为补充,最大限度地提高阅读教学的效率(张伊娜,2001)。

(三)帮助学生了解文化背景知识,提高学生的阅读理解能力

阅读理解的过程是读者的文化背景知识与文章之间相互作用的过程。影响阅读理解的一个因素是读者文化背景知识的缺乏。阅读材料的内容涉及到历史、地理、政治、经济、文化等多方面的知识,语言中的词汇也包含着丰富的文化内涵,一个词的某些意义与其独特的文化环境有关。因此,教师要尽力帮助学生了解文章的文化背景知识,更有效地促进学生提高阅读理解能力。

(四)进行阅读策略培训,引导学生形成有效的阅读策略

学习者,尤其是不善阅读者,可以通过训练策略使用来提高阅读水平(Carrell, Pharis & Liberto, 1989)。阅读策略的培养包括阅读能力和阅读技能的培训。阅读教学应是一个系统工程,不但涉及各种阅读目的所需的阅读策略与技能,更重要的是要引导学生对各项阅读策略有正确的认识和合理的使用。阅读能力是顺利形成阅读技

70

能的前提,而阅读技能的形成对阅读能力发展有重要的促进作用。

参考文献:

Alderson, J. C. 1993. The relationship between grammar and reading in an English for academic purposes test battery [A]. In D. Douglas & C. Chappelle (Eds.). A new decade of language testing research: selected papers from the 1990 Language Testing Research Colloquium [C]. Alexandria, V A: TESOL. Carrell, P. L., Pharis, B. & Liberto, J. 1989.

Metacognitive Strategy Training for ELS Reading [J]. TESOL Quarterly, 23 (4).

辜向东,王秋艳. 2008. 高考英语全国卷与各省市自主命题卷阅读理解试题内容效度分析[J]. 考试研

究,(3): 102—113

江苏省教育考试院. 2007. 2008年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(江苏卷)说明[M]. 南京:江苏

教育出版社.江苏省教育考试院. 2009. 2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(江苏卷)说明[M]. 南京:江苏

教育出版社.

沈正南. 2008. 高考英语任务型阅读试题的特点及解题思路[J]. 山东师范大学外国语学院学报, (2):

88—91

王笃勤. 2006. 英语阅读理解试题的设计[J]. 山东师范大学外国语学院学报,(2): 79—83

王笃勤. 2007. 从《英语课程标准》到高考[J]. 山东师范大学外国语学院学报,(5): 72—79

张伊娜. 2001. 对当前外语阅读课教学的几点思考[J].

外语研究,(1): 65—67

中华人民共和国教育部. 2003. 普通高中英语课程标准(实验)[S]. 北京:人民教育出版社.

收稿日期:2011-07

通讯地址:210037 南京市第六十六中学

电子信箱:aloe_happy@https://www.doczj.com/doc/472841770.html,

编辑:卫昱王凡

71

英语任务型阅读练习题含答案及解析

英语任务型阅读练习题含答案及解析 一、英语任务型阅读 1.从方框中选择恰当的句子补全短文,使文章内容完整、通顺。 Improving Listening Sills in the Classroom Listening is a skill that needs to be learned and used well to be able to succeed in any environment. In the classroom, great listening skills mean the difference between a successful student and one who struggles (挣扎) in school. Come to class rested. ________ When your body is well taken care of, your mental (精神的) focus will be much better. If you come to class sleepy or tired, it may be impossible for you to keep your eyes open and concentrate (集中) on what the teacher is saying. ________ Have everything you need at the start of the class. If you have homework, make sure you are ready to hand it in. Bring out your notebook and pen so you can start taking down notes Also, try to read your textbooks before coming into class. It will help you understand more easily what your teacher is talking about. ________ When you're in the front of the class, you'll have an easier time hearing what the teacher has to say you won't have a daydream when the teacher is near you. Take down notes. Write down what you hear in class. ________ It will also make you concentrate more on what is being said So you can properly take notes. Try to concentrate when you are in class so that you are able to get the key points during a lecture. ________ Once you learn techniques to help you with this skill, you should see an improvement in your listening. 【解析】【分析】主要讲了提高英语听力的技巧。 A. Be prepared.做好准备。 B. Sit near the teachers.坐在老师旁边。 C. Listening is a skill that is developed little by little.听力是一种逐渐发展起来的技能。 D. This makes it easier to remember what is being discussed.这使人们更容易记住正在讨论的内容。 E. Make sure you had a good night's sleep and had a good breakfast.确保你晚上睡得好,早餐吃得好。 (1)根据后句When your body is well taken care of, your mental (精神的)focus will be much better.当你的身体得到很好的照顾,你的精神集中会更好,可知前句讲得是睡好,故

历年高考英语试卷英语试卷分析

。。 . . 。。. . 2005~2006学年上期期末考试 高一英语试卷分析 雅安市教科所英语组 本次高一英语考试题满分为150分,试题难易适度。但是,从全市高一6780多名学生的答题情况来看,却不容乐观。全市高一英语平均分仅为66.45分,得分率仅为0.44,最高分134分,最低分6分,差异系数33.49。这些数据基本反映出我市高一英语教学质量的现状。这些数据表明我市高一英语教学质量不高,在全省处于落后位置,形势非常严峻,须引起全市高一英语教师高度注意。为此,我们必须认真总结经验,找出差距,认真分析存在的问题,采取措施,改进教学方法,为提高英语教学质量而努力工作。 为了帮助高一英语老师搞好教学工作,我们对试题进行了统计分析(请见统计表),并将我们的意见简述如下:

本试卷分为听力测试、单项填空、完形填空、阅读理解、写作五道大题,下面分大题进行逐题分析与探讨,并结合教学提出建议。 一、听力测试。该试题以考查对于口头语言的理解为目的,要求学生能够听懂日常交际中发音清楚、语速正常的简短对话和独白。本题满分30分,全市平均分19.57,最高分30分,最低分0分。本题是全卷中难度最低的题,难度系数为0.65。本题也是学生得分最高的题,说明学生的听力有所提高。 本题虽是学生得分最高的题,但是老师和同学们对此决不能骄傲自满。须知,本试题的难度距高考试题尚有一定的差距。在今后的教学中,教师应指导学生多听地道的标准的英美人的录音材料,在教学中应尽量用英语组织教学,鼓励学生在课堂内外大胆地主动地朗读英语,用英语进行对话,不断地提高学生们的听力水平。 二、单项填空。本试题主要考查学生对英语语法、词汇知识和较为简单的表达方式的掌握情况。本题满分25分,全市平均分11.54,最高分25分,最低分0分,难度系数为0.46。学生得分较低。 本题学生得分较低,说明不少的学生在基本的语法掌握上还有差距。本试题既注重考查语言形式,也注重考查语义内容,还注重考查语言的运用。学生得分低,说明学生在语言的运用上还存在较大的差距。 在今后的教学中,教师要指导学生掌握基本的英语语法知识、词汇知识和较为简单的表达方式,还要在此基础上培养学生在特定的语言环境中运用语言的能力。 三、完形填空。本试题主要考查学生在阅读理解的基础上对词汇知识的掌握情况,本题满分30分,全市平均分12.51分,最

高考英语任务型阅读解题技巧

高考英语任务型阅读解题技巧(一) 一.任务型阅读题型特点: 江苏高考英语任务型阅读题目要求:根据所读,用恰当的词语补全全文提纲,概括关键内容。一般而言,任务型阅读提供了两种示例:表格式和树状式。 二.任务型阅读的解题技巧: 1.在阅读文章之前,快速浏览并了解题型,明白阅读任务,以便能快速查找到有用信息,提高解题速度及准确性。 2.通读,复读文章,把握短文的主题思想,弄清文章大意,获取关键信息。 3.根据题目要求,对信息进行梳理加工,并用正确的形式表达出来。 三.任务型阅读解题策略: 1. 注意词形转换,反义词,同义词,语态问题 2.注意句子结构的转换 3. 选用其他词来释义 4.学会归纳概括词汇 概括性词汇: 因果: cause(s) ; reason(s) ; analysis ; effect(s); result(s); consequence(s) 态度:attitude(s) ;opinion(s);manner

比较:comparison(s) 异同: difference(s) ; similarity(similarities) 优劣:benefit与disadvantage ;weakness与strength;advantage 与disadvantage;(shortcome; drawback)缺点 目的:purpose;aim;goal;target 建议:advice;suggestion;proposal ;tip;recommendation 问题:problem;trouble;matter;question;issue 方式:means(of); method(s)(of); way(s)(of); approach(es)(to); solution(s)(to); how to do 总结:summary;conclusion 特点:feature(s); characteristic(s) 重要性:significance; importance; meaning 定义:definition 来源:source;origin 用途: use ;usage;function 种类:kind;type;category 步骤:steps;procedures; process 评论:comment;remark;assessment 反应:response;reaction 词形转换: 1.grow----growth

(英语)九年级上册英语英语任务型阅读试题(有答案和解析)

(英语)九年级上册英语英语任务型阅读试题(有答案和解析) 一、英语任务型阅读 1.任务型阅读。 假设你们班级在开展英文文学作品阅读活动。请你阅读四则作品片断,在A、B、C、D中找到它们所表达的主题,并完成下面小题。 What is success? To laugh often and love much; To win the respect of intelligent people; And the affection of children; ________ (2)Forever Young —Bob Dylan May God bless and keep you always May your wishes all come true. May you always do for others, And let others do for you. May you stay forever young. ________ (3)Follow Your Own Course —Neil Simon Don't listen to those who say, “It's not done that way.” Maybe it's not, but maybe you will. Don't listen to those who say, “You're taking too big a chance. ________ (4)Friendship Is Like the Breez —Terri Fanning Friendship is like the breeze. You can't hold it, Smell it, Taste it, Or know when it's coming. (5)The above materials are _________________.

2020年高考英语试题分析

一、试题总体特点 2020年高考的命题体现了科学设计考试内容,优化高考选拔功能,强化能力立意与素养导向,助力推动中学素质教育。 今年的高考英语试题都是-一个个语篇构成,充分体现了重语篇轻语法的原则。试题取材广泛性、体裁多样性,选材围绕人与自然、人与社会、自我发展三大主题,全面考察学生的能力,时代性强,拓展了学生全球视野,增强学生劳动精神的考察。试卷能很全面考查学生的英语语言能力,引导学生形成良好的思维品质,高考坚持立德树人,发展素质教育这一目标被充分的体现了。 二、试卷结构 2020年高考英语全国II卷试题整体难度与往年大体相同。无论从题型的设置上还是题目的难度上,都基本延续了2019年的出题模式。本套试题坚持了“科学性、目标性、发展性”的高考命题原则,重视对学生基础知识的考查,题型稳定,同时继续深化对英语实际使用能力的考查,相对弱化语法,加强阅读。整张试卷体现了回归英语语言本质的特色,凸显了英语学科的核心素养,在帮助孩子树立国际视野的同时,也兼顾到了国家情怀,彰显了立德树人的根本任务。 今年试卷秉承了多年来的一贯特点:材料体现丰富的文化内涵,体裁丰富多样有记叙文、说明文、应用文等;文章侧重考查学生的细节理解能力和推理判断能力。试题的语篇材料选材新颖,时代性强,话题涉及各个方面。 完形填空和往年一样是我们常见的记叙文,着重考查实词在语篇中的准确运用,难度适中。通过讲述一位Nicolo的工人在一次拍卖会上以低廉的价格拍得两幅画,后来无意中发现这两幅画是价值连城的作品。故事情节曲折动人,一波三折。 语法填空和短文改错涉及到动词、名词、形容词、副词、介词、连词、逻辑关系等常见考点。

2016高考英语任务型阅读答题技巧

2016高考英语任务型阅读答题技巧 任务型阅读是高考英语试题中第二卷中的一种题型,分值为10分。本题型在测试考生阅读理解能力的基础上,侧重考查考生的单词拼写、词性转换、句式转换、段落归纳等综合能力。高考任务型阅读近三年文章体裁以议论文和说明文为主,词数在400~550之间。高考成绩的统计数据表明在这一项上,考生普遍失分较多。高考英语任务型阅读是英语阅读理解和完形填空的结合体,在掌握篇章表层含义的基础之上,还要求对文章结构框架的把握。考生不但要具备基本的英语词汇知识,而且要能够依据上下文的内容,运用逻辑判断,正确填出任务型阅读中的空白处。因而,任务型阅读对考生的英语阅读和对英语学科的感悟能力要求较高。也就是说,任务型阅读不仅检查考生的词、句、篇的掌握,而且涉及考生综合运用英语语法的能力。所以说,这种题型是比较全面的考查。学生在平时的学习过程中,要关注词汇的使用,领悟篇章的内部结构,同时还要注意词的搭配和语用知识。 一、任务型阅读题型的考查角度 1、单词的大小写(信息筛选题) 考生往往从文中便可直接找到答案,无需进行词性和词形的转化。但是如果没有根据英文首字母要大写的要求,或在特殊的上下文中。忽略字母的大小写,便无法得到本应该拿到的分数。 2、词性的变化(整合转换题) 要依据特定的语境结合文中涉及的词语,灵活地转变词性。比如:动词转变为形容词,形容词转变为名词,等等。 3、词形的转化(整合转换题) 主要依据任务型阅读提供的特殊框架,来敲定词语的各种形式。例如:文中过去式需要在题目中使用现在时,同时还要注意人称和数的变化。 4、近义词与反义词的转化(整合转换题) 根据任务型阅读题型中提供的已有信息,尽管文中也能发现相关的词语,却没能依据特定的语境进行必要的词语的转

英语英语任务型阅读专项习题及答案解析及解析

英语英语任务型阅读专项习题及答案解析及解析 一、英语任务型阅读 1.以下是去英国旅游的5个常见的问题,方框里是对这5个问题提出的建议,请为每一个问题选择最合适的建议,并将答案的字母编号填写在题前的括号内。 (2)Enjoy yourselves by all means. But please don't make unnecessary noise. (3)Traffic. Be careful when you cross the road. (4)It is against the law(法律) to throw away waste material in public(公共的)places. (5)If you need any kind of help, you can get in touch with the local(本地的) police station. 【答案】(1)B (2)D (3)C (4)F (5)E 【解析】【分析】 A. Always wear your most comfortable clothes when going on long journeys.当你旅行的时候,总是要穿最舒服的衣服。 B. You may not buy alcohol(酒精)in England if you are under 18 years old, nor may your friend buy it for you.如你年龄不到十八岁你不可以买酒精,你的朋友也不可以为你买。 C. The traffic moves on the left side of the road in England. Use the crossings for walking.在英国交通靠左行驶,经过十字路口步行。 D. We ask you to respect(尊重)other people who may wish to be quiet particularly (特别) at night.我们请你尊敬那些尤其在晚上希望安静的人。 E. The police will be pleased to help you.警察会乐意帮助你。 F. When you have something to throw away, please put it in your pocket or in your bag and take it home, or put it in a rubbish bin.当你有东西要扔的话,把它装进口袋里或者书包里带回家,或者扔进垃圾箱里。 (1)句意:你应该注意喝的东西。这一句和B句的低于18岁的人不允许买酒精相关,故答案是B

近三年新课标高考试题英语试题分析

近三年新课标高考试题英语试题分析 高三英语备课组 2012年新课标全国卷相比往年,试题整体平稳,保持了一贯的思路和风格,体现了“稳定中求创新,发展中求平衡”的原则。 试题总体难度适中,没有偏题怪题,重视基础,强调运用,也就是既重视对基础知识的考查,更突出考查了对英语的基本运用能力即听、读、写的能力。整套试题体现了基础性、交际性和能力性的特点。 试卷难易有梯度,区分度比较好,有利于高考选拔人才和指导中学教学。 总之,2012年的新课标卷是一套难易适中的好题。 新课标全国卷脱胎于全国I卷,从全国1卷到新课标全国卷,体现了“继承”与“创新”:保存了原全国I卷的大部分题目:听力、单项选择、完形填空、阅读理解(4篇)、书面表达(08年阅读C文与全国大纲卷不同)。 创新题型: 1.听力。 2、任务型阅读:拓宽了能力考查范围,更加注重语篇能力,阅读量有所下降(2012年全国I卷2040,新课标全国卷1947,减少100左右)。北京从2010年也开始采用这种题型。 3、不分行改错:考查知识点不变,试题不分行,增加了找错难度。 新课标全国卷在传统的全国I卷的基础上所进行了部分题型的

调整,更好地落实了新考纲对命题的要求,在一定程度上体现了新课标提出的“适当减少客观题,增加有助于学生思维表达的主观题”的要求,阅读部分更加突出了对英语语篇能力的考查,写作部分更有利于考生的自主发挥,体现了新课改的精神。 2012年高考课程标准实验版考试大纲 Ⅰ考试性质 普通高等学校招生全国统一考试是合格的高中毕业生和具有同等学力的考生参加的选拔性考试。高等学校根据考生成绩,按已确定的招生计划,德、智、体全面衡量,择优录取。因此,高考应具有较高的信度、效度,适当的难度和必要的区分度。 Ⅱ考试内容和要求 根据普通高等学校对新生文化素质的要求,依据中华人民共和国教育部2003年颁布的《普通高中课程方案(实验)》和《普通高中英语课程标准(实验)》,确定本学科考试内容。 考核目标与要求 1.语言知识 要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题(见附录1—附录5),要求词汇量为3500左右。(注:各省区可以根据本地实际情况在《考试说明》中对词汇量进行适当调整,但不得低于2000个单词;同时,应制订计划,在一定时间内分期、分批增加至3500个单词。) 2.阅读

【备考高考】最新 版高考英语任务型阅读专题练习(含答案)

【备考高考】最新版高考英语任务型阅读专题练习(含答案) 一、高中英语任务型阅读 1.任务型阅读 We all have to make decisions all the time, and we have an abundance of choices, ranging from tiny issues to vital ones. Unfortunately, people often find it hard to make decisions________ If you would like to improve your skill of decision making, here are four suggestions for you. Don't expect to have it all. ________ You can't order every delicious dish on the menu. And there will be paths not taken, careers not chosen, to name a few. You can imag ine some “what if' situations if you must, but do not let them take up too much space in your brain. ________ It's often good to think through your decisions. But don't overdo it. Research can reach a point where returns begin to reduce, which makes it confusing more than clarifying. Many good decisions can be made based as much on intuition (直觉) as on careful assessment of endless data. Don't delay making decisions. Yes, there is a time to put off making a decision. Perhaps you need more information________ Or it's likely that you wait for a less stressful time. Just don't wait so long that the decision is made by your own indecisiveness. Don't be hard on yourself. You decide to go on a voyage. You choose an expensive liner. Everything should work out just right. Only you didn't expect a bug that ran around on the ship, making you and your family sick for five days________But please remember it is unavoidable sometimes. A. Don't spend too much time thinking. B. It is an important source of information. C. Don't count on emotion to make decisions. D. Maybe you wish to consult with your advisor. E. You may regret making such a stupid decision. F. That means the skill of good decision-making counts a lot. G. Decisions force us to close the door on other possibilities. 【答案】F;G;A;D;E 【解析】【分析】如何提高做出决定的技能,本文推荐了四条建议。 (1)根据上句:很遗憾,人们发现作出决定很难。可知,这意味着好决策很重要。故答案选F。 (2)根据本段小标题:Don't expect to have it all.不要期盼着拥有一切。再根据空格下句:你不可能点到菜单上每一道美味的菜。可知,决定迫使我们放弃其他可能性。故答案选G。 (3)本段是小标题。根据上下文内容可知此处应该是否定祈使句。再根据本段下文:彻底考虑你的决定经常是好的。但是不要做的过火。可知,在思考上不要花太多的时间。故答案选A。

2020年高考英语试题分析

2020年高考英语试题分析 一、试题总体特点 2020年高考的命题体现了科学设计考试内容,优化高考选拔功能,强化能力立意与素养导向,助力推动中学素质教育。 今年的高考英语试题都是-一个个语篇构成,充分体现了重语篇轻语法的原则。试题取材广泛性、体裁多样性,选材围绕人与自然、人与社会、自我发展三大主题,全面考察学生的能力,时代性强,拓展了学生全球视野,增强学生劳动精神的考察。试卷能很全面考查学生的英语语言能力,引导学生形成良好的思维品质,高考坚持立德树人,发展素质教育这一目标被充分的体现了。 二、试卷结构 2020年高考英语全国II卷试题整体难度与往年大体相同。无论从题型的设置上还是题目的难度上,都基本延续了2019年的出题模式。本套试题坚持了“科学性、目标性、发展性”的高考命题原则,重视对学生基础知识的考查,题型稳定,同时继续深化对英语实际使用能力的考查,相对弱化语法,加强阅读。整张试卷体现了回归英语语言本质的特色,凸显了英语学科的核心素养,在帮助孩子树立国际视野的同时,也兼顾到了国家情怀,彰显了立德树人的根本任务。 今年试卷秉承了多年来的一贯特点:材料体现丰富的文化内涵,体裁丰富多样有记叙文、说明文、应用文等;文章侧重考查学生的细节理解能力和推理判断能力。试题的语篇材料选材新颖,时代性强,话题涉及各个方面。 完形填空和往年一样是我们常见的记叙文,着重考查实词在语篇中的准确运用,难度适中。通过讲述一位Nicolo的工人在一次拍卖会上以低廉的价格拍得两幅画,后来无意中发现这两幅画是价值连城的作品。故事情节曲折动人,一波三折。 语法填空和短文改错涉及到动词、名词、形容词、副词、介词、连词、逻辑关系等常见考点。 三、模块分析 1. 阅读理解 2020年阅读依然是重点考查考生对文章内容的细节理解,选项的设置短小精悍,具有高度的概括性及总结性,四篇文章都有一个共同点,即原汁原味生活中的较短语句。

最新高考英语任务型阅读试题(含答案)

最新高考英语任务型阅读试题(含答案) 一、高中英语任务型阅读 1.根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 The Panda Ant is a most unusual species with a lovely appearance. ________ They look like ants but actually they belong to the wasp(黄蜂)family. The differences between the two sexes of the species are also very pronounced in both appearance and behavior. When fully grown, the male, possibly attaining a length of approximately 0. 8 centimeters, is several times larger than the female. ________ Cute as panda ants may look, they are dangerous and capable of knocking out an animal much larger than they are with a few stings(刺). Panda ants primarily depend on flowers sweet liquid as their food. ________ The female panda ant often lays its eggs in a bee or wasp nest. When the young ones. hatch, they will eat their pupa (蛹)hosts. ________ So although a female panda ant lays approximately 2, 000 eggs a year, a considerable amount of eggs to support their survival, this species is still on the edge of dying out. This species was first discovered in the coastal region of Central Chile in 1938. ________ Today, they are likely to be found in dry desert and sandy areas such as Southwestern United States and parts of Mexico. A. It's a new fashion to raise panda ants as pets. B. The name comes from their colors as pandas. C. Yet young panda ants are meat-eaters. D. No one believes the panda ant is the relative of bees. E. Besides, the males are active at night while the females opposite. F. Unfortunately, many panda ants are eaten for their bright colors. G. Then little attention was given to it until recently. 【答案】 B;E;C;F;G 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇科普类短文阅读。文章主要介绍了一种非常不寻常的物种——熊猫蚂蚁。 A. It's a new fashion to raise panda ants as pets.把熊猫作为宠物饲养是一种新的时尚。 B. The name comes from their colors as pandas.这个名字来自熊猫的颜色。 C. Yet young panda ants are meat-eaters.然而,年轻的熊猫蚂蚁是食肉动物。 D. No one believes the panda ant is the relative of bees.没有人相信熊猫蚂蚁是蜜蜂的亲戚。 E. Besides, the males are active at night while the females opposite.此外,雄性在夜间活动,而雌性则相反。 F. Unfortunately, many panda ants are eaten for their bright colors.不幸的是,许多熊猫蚂蚁因为鲜艳的颜色而被吃掉。 G. Then little attention was given to it until recently.直到最近,对它的关注很少。 (1)根据前句The Panda Ant is a most unusual species with a lovely appearance.可知这里来解释熊猫蚂蚁名字的由来。故选B。

2017年中考英语试题分项版解析专题 阅读理解(任务型阅读)(解析版)

专题阅读理解(任务型阅读) 1.【2017年内蒙古赤峰】根据短文内容,完成表格,每空一词。请将正确答案填写在答题卡指定的横线上。Abraham Lincoln was born in Kentucky in1809.His mother died when he was ten years https://www.doczj.com/doc/472841770.html,ter,his family moved to Illinois and his father remarried.The family was poor,so they had to struggle just to live.In Illinois,there were neither teachers nor schools,but Lincoln’s stepmother encouraged him to study.He learned to read and write while working on the farm. At twenty-one,Lincoln left home.He soon received a law license and became a lawyer.People trusted him and began to call him“Honest Abe”. During the following years,he took a more active part in polities.Soon he was not only a highly respected lawyer but also a well-known politician.He was elected the sixteenth president of the United States in1860,and in the next year the Civil War broke out. The Civil War was between the southern states that wanted to leave the Union and form their own country,and northern states that wanted to keep all the states as one country.The southern states wanted to keep the laws that allowed them to own slaves.Both the northern states and President Lincoln wanted to get rid of those laws.On April9,1865,the Civil War ended and all slaves were set free. Less than a week later,on April14,1865,Abraham Lincoln was shot at the Ford Theater in Washington D.C.He died the next day from his wounds. Abraham Lincoln Birth★He was born in1809. His family ★His mother died when he was71. ★His stepmother was72to him and encouraged him to study. Unusual Experience★A farmer,a lawyer,a politician and the sixteenth73of the United States. Achievement ★The Civil War broke out between the southern states and the74states.★All slaves were set free when the Civil War75. ★“Keeping all the states as one country”came true. 【答案】 71.【小题1】10/ten 72.【小题2】nice/kind 73.【小题3】president 74.【小题4】northern 75.【小题5】ended 【解析】 试题分析:这篇短文主要介绍了Abraham Lincoln的不幸的童年及不平凡生活的经历。 71.【小题1】根据His mother died when he was ten years old.可知在他十岁时他的妈妈死了。故填10/ten

高考英语试题评析

2019年高考英语试题评析 -----------------教育部考试中心2019年高考英语命题以落实立德树人教育根本任务为目标,依据高考评价体系的总体要求,考查主干知识和关键能力,体现了基础性、综合性、应用性和创新性考查要求,助力引导中学英语教学改革和素质教育。 1 落实立德树人根本任务,强化高考育人功能和价值导向 2019年高考英语试题取材广泛、体裁多样、时代性强,各套试卷的选材均围绕人与自然、人与社会、人与自我三大主题,全面考查学生能力,充分体现了高考坚持立德树人、发展素质教育的目标。 1.1增强中华文化浸润,引导增强“四个自信” 2019年高考英语全国I卷写作部分第二节设置了外国朋友将到中国家庭做客的情境,要求考生写一封邮件告知在中国家庭做客的基本习俗;北京卷写作第二节设置了带领外国友人体验中国茶文化的情境;全国II卷语言知识运用部分第二节语篇介绍了中国近年来根据人民膳食变化调整农作物种植结构,为全球生态环境保护作出贡献;全国III卷阅读理解部分的一篇文章报道了中国建筑设计师在其作品中弘扬中国传统文化,获得国际奖项,让世界了解中国的消息。这些语篇的选择和题目设置在自然融入中华优秀传统文化的同时,宣传介绍中国经济、社会和文化的发展,引导学生在传承和发扬中华优秀传统文化和伟大民族精神的同时,坚定理想信念,增强“四个自信”。 1.2融入人文知识介绍,引导关注人类命运共同体

2019年高考英语全国I卷阅读理解部分选取一篇关于世界语言种类随着人类社会发展而逐渐减少的文章,倡导保护人类历史与文明;全国III卷阅读理解部分选取一篇加拿大道森市的历史发展与现状的文章,倡导和谐自然;全国I卷阅读理解部分选取一篇关于烹饪省钱而食物又美味的新闻报道和一篇介绍新旧电器使用与能源消耗调查的文章,倡导节约和环保。通过阅读这些文章,引导学生在理解文章内容和作者观点态度的基础上关注人类命运共同体,强化社会责任意识,促进人与自然的和谐共处与可持续性发展。 1.3重视思维品质培养,倡导建立和谐人际关系 2019年全国II卷阅读理解部分选取了一篇研究报道,介绍在社交过程中适当寒暄和闲谈可成为人际间相互理解沟通的基础;全国III卷阅读理解部分选取了一篇介绍作者引导孩子主动捐献玩具,并从玩耍简单玩具中获得快乐的做法;全国II卷、III卷完形填空文章分别介绍一位父亲碰巧营救了自己的儿子以及一位男子在收到陌生短信时礼貌回复并到医院探望新生婴儿的故事,引发强烈的亲情共鸣和满满的善意。这些文章让考生在阅读文章内容的同时深入思考在生活日趋便利的当今社会,更应该关注人与人之间的沟通和交流,引导学生养成良好的思维品质和人文情怀。 2 体现高考评价体系总体要求,考查主干知识和关键能力 2019年高考英语试题在深入理解高考评价体系提出的必备知识、关键能力、学科素养、核心价值“四层”考查目标和基础性、综合性、应用性、创新性“四翼”考查要求的同时,重视学科基础知识和主干知识,强调关键能力和学科素养,加强对听说读写结合的综合语言运用能力的考查。 2.1强调听说读写四项关键能力的考查

高考英语任务型阅读习题及答案doc

一、高中英语任务型阅读 1.任务型阅读 Aside from the health benefits of laughter (which are numerous and significant), having a sense of humor about life's difficulties can provide a way to bond with others, look at things in a different way, normalize your experience, and keep things from appearing too overwhelming or scary. Properly developed, a good sense of humor can keep people and relationships strong. Studies show that having a smile on your face can make you feel better, and can lead you to actually feeling happier (rather than just looking happier). Even if the smile is fake, the benefits you will experience are real! Also, a fake smile leads readily to a genuine one. If you are able to put a smile on your face, the laughter will come more easily, and the stress will melt more easily. If your situation seems ridiculously frustrating, recognize what can develop into humor in just how ridiculously frustrating and annoying it is. In your imagination, take the situation to an extreme that becomes even more ridiculous until you find yourself amused. For example, when you're waiting in a long line at the store, you can imagine that hours pass, then days, visualizing yourself accepting visits from loved ones from your new home in this ultra-long line, holding your children's birthday parties in aisle seven so you can be there to enjoy them...you get the picture. Besides, find a friend with whom you can laugh also works! You can each share your frustrations, and laugh about them in the process. Even when your friend isn't there, you can feel less stressed by thinking about the retelling that will come later. You can have a “most annoying boss” game with your friends, or try to count how many times the same potentially frustrating event happens in a day.(“I was cut off in traffic 7 times today—I'm almost up to 10!”) This works well for predictable or repetitive annoying situations that you can't control; you can begin to value them in their own special way instead of letting them upset you. One of the factors that drive the popularity of shows like Modern Family or movies like the classic Ferris Bueller's Day Off, is that they take somewhat universal situations that many people find frustrating and push them a little further, pointing out the silliness of it all. What's more, you can try joining Funny Clubs.Years ago, when Oprah had a show rather than a network, she did a part on Laughter Yoga that interested me, and I researched a club on my own, finding it to be a terrific place to enjoy a good laugh. Whether you mean business or laugh at the silliness of it all, taking part in the exercises of laughter yoga with other humor-participants can be a very effective way to get back in the practice of getting some more laughter into your day.

相关主题
文本预览
相关文档 最新文档