医学英语中单词颇多,但医学英语的学习有个技巧就是学习前后缀,不过医学英语中的前后缀也说实话也有很多的.可还是有一些前后缀是最常用的,掌握了他们你其实可以猜出大部分的医学英语单词的意思.下面小辈列出这些最常用的供参考.
1．人体主要器官前缀
名称通用名前（后）缀常用形容词示例
心heart cardiao- cardial cardium/carditis/cardiology
脑brain encepholo- cerebral cerebrum/encephalitis/encephalology
肺lung pulmo- pulmonary pulmontiis/pulmonectomy/pulmonology
肝liver hepato- hepatic hepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatology
胃stomach gastro- gastric gastritis/gastrointestinal/gastrology
胆gallbladder chole- biliary holecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy
肠intestine entero- intestinal enteritis/enterectomy/enterology
脾spleen splen- splenic splenitis/splenectomy/splenology
胰pancreas pancreato- pancreatic pancreatitis/pancreatectomy
肾kidney nephro- renal/nephric nephritis/nephropathy/nephrology
2．与人体系统、器官有关的前（后）缀
名称通用名前（后）缀示例
血blood hemo-/hemato hematology/hemoglobin/hematoma
血管vessel vaso- vasopressor/cardiovasology/verebrovascular
静脉vein veno- venography/intravenous/venoconstriction
动脉artery arterio- arteriology/arteriole/arteriosclerosis
肌muscle myo- mycology/myositis/myocarditis
髓marrow myel-/myelo- myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma
神经nerve neur-/neyro- neurology/neuritis/neuron
细胞cell cyto-/-cyte cytology/cytoma/leukocyte
尿urine uro-/ur- urology/urosurgery/urogenital
体body somato-/some somatology/somatopsychic/chromosome
3．与数字有关的前缀
数字前缀示例
一（单）mono-/uni- monomer/monoclone/carbon monoxide/unidirectional
二bi-/di- bilateral/biphasiccarbon dioxide/dipeptide
三tri- trilateral/triphasic/trigeminal nerve
四tetra- tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia
五penta- pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride
六hexa- hexachromic/benzene hexachloride(666)/hexacycliccompiund
七hepta- heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent
八octa- octahedral/octal system
九nona- nonapeptide/nonagon
十deca- decade/decagram/decaliter
注：十位数的表示一般为：个位数前缀+deca，如：hexadecanol（十六烷醇），tetradecapeptide gastrin（十四肽胃泌素），octadecanoic acid（十八烷酸）
4．颜色及与颜色有关的前缀
颜色通用名前缀示例
色color chrom-/chromo- chromosome/chromatin/chromatometer
红red erythro- erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer
白white leuko- leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira
黑black melano- melena/melanoma/melanoderma
黄yellow xantho- xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma
蓝blue cyan-/cyano cyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia
紫violet/purple
绿green
棕brown brown mixture/brown ring
橙orange Victoria orange/ethyl orange/orange G
粉红pink oink frothy sputum
绯红crimson
青铜bronzed bronzed diabetes
注：有些病名的“蓝”“紫”“青”为同义，其前缀都为“cyano-”.
5．与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(1)
含义前（后）缀形容词示例
病patho- pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis
/-pathy -pathic neuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy
病态-osis -otic neurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis
增多leukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis
减少-penia -penic leukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia 无a-/an- atypical/anuria/agranulocytopenia
小/微-let droplet/platelet/leaflet
micro- microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus
大/巨macro- macroscopic/macronucleus/macrophage
-megaly splenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly
复合/多poly- polyuria/polymer/polyopia
全/泛pan- pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic
6．与疾病和疾患有关的前（后）缀(2)
含义前（后）缀示例
相反dis- disease/disorder/disability
困难/障碍dys- dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea
不良mal- malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice
炎症-it is appendicitis/bronchitis/arthritis
瘤/块-oma lymphoma/adenoma/hematoma
血症-emia leukemia/septisemia/bacteremia
痛-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo- analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer
麻痹-plegia hemipleia/pamplegia/myoplegia
流出-rrhea diarrhea/hypermenorrhea/rhinorrhea
坏死-necrosis necro-/necr- hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermia 结石litho-/-lith lithiasis/lithogenesis/cholelithes
7．与方位有关的前缀
含义通用词前缀示例
上upper/superior pi-/supra- epidemic/epithelium/supracostal
