An Automatic MechanotronicsHorizontal Cutter
机电一体化全自动横切机
1.Say after 70's in 20 centuries the our country sun float the method glass technique invention, our country of float method glass, the industry develops quickly.Currently, the our country is the world is the biggest to float the method glass production country, 2006 our country of float method glass, the production line has more than 160s totally, adopting among them our country the sun float method glass to float method glass technically, the production line has more than 130s totally, floating the method glass total yield already more than 454,000,000, and yield annually all significant increment.But our country the 洛sun float the method glass technique material and other nations to compare automation degree still very low, has been being placed in the half auto half artificial appearance, raise completely our country the 洛sun float method glass a technique a material level, developing whole lineses allied lock follow produce the technique have already forced in the eyebrow .Currently, our country the sun float method glass a technique a material to mainly be placed in a single machine dispersion control stage(or part of llied lock control), rush through super nations float method glass a technique a material level, have to raise first our country the automation function of the single machine equipments.Horizontal slice machine conduct and actions to float method glass cold carry to produce one of the on-line important equipmentses, its automation degree and incise accuracy will influence the finished product rate that the glass produces, we introduce a kind of machine electricity integral whole to turn here full-automatic
horizontal slice machine
1、述自20世纪70年代我国洛阳浮法玻璃技术发明之后,我国的浮法玻璃工业迅速发展。目
前,我国是世界最大浮法玻璃生产国,2006年我国的浮法玻璃生产线共有160多条,其中采用我国洛阳浮法玻璃技术的浮法玻璃生产线共有130多条,浮法玻璃总产量已超过4.54亿重量箱,而且产量每年都大幅度增加。但我国洛阳浮法玻璃技术装备与其它国家相比自动化程度还很低,一直处在半自动半人工状态,全面提高我国洛阳浮法玻璃技术装备水平,开发全线联锁跟踪生产技术已迫在眉捷。目前,我国洛阳浮法玻璃技术装备主要处于单机分散控制阶段(或部分联锁控制) ,要赶超国际浮法玻璃技术装备水平,首先必须提高我国单机设备的自动化功能。横切机作为浮法玻璃冷端生产线上的重要设备之一,其自动化程度及切割精度将影响玻璃生产的成品率,在此我们介绍一种机电一体化全自动横切机(见图1)。
1The equipments accuracy is in keeping with, the biggest original plank width:the 5000 mms suit glass plate thickness: the 1.5~19 mms incise a straight line degree accuracy: the ± 0.5 mms incise diagonal line accuracy:<3 m the plank is long: the ± 1 mm 3~6 m plank long:the ± 1.5 mms incise a straight line degree accuracy: the ±0.5 mm the knife press to regulate scope: the 0~100 Ns is the biggest to return to knife speed:3000 mms/s
1 设备精度适合，最大原板宽度:5000 mm适合玻璃板厚度:1.5～19 mm切割直线度精度:±0.5 mm切割对角线精度:<3 m板长:±1 mm3～6 m板长:±1.5 mm切割直线度精度:±0.5 mm刀压调节范围:0～100 N最大回刀速度:3000 mm/s
Excellent turn of incise function to operate the touch of pedestal to hold on the
spot up(or control box in) can set a few in common use products and 1 kind to discard
plank specification, be an usage excellent turn to incise, horizontal slice machine can
according to artificial examination(or on-line examination equipments examination)
of the blemish position chooses reasonable enactment specification and discards plank
specification to carry on incising automatically, incising an information to pass allied
the net deliver to transport a way behind.There is excellent a few the following to turn
a way generally:the ①press grade excellent turn to incise, press different grade to
incise, the biggest limit slices to take high-quality glass;The ②presses product
specification excellent turn to incise, incise the glass of Chengkong University,
medium and small different specification according to the heap 垛circumstance of
different quality and heap 垛area; The ③ carries on according to the market sale's
circumstance excellent turn to incise, can have the initiative and incise the product
specification that the market needs with maximum limit
2设备功能Equipments function
2.1优化的切割功能在现场操作台的触摸屏上(或控制箱中)可以设定几种常用产
品和一种废板规格,当使用优化切割时,横切机可以根据人工检测(或在线检测
设备检测)的缺陷位置自动选择合理的设定规格和废板规格进行切割,切割信
息通过联网传送给后面输送辊道。一般有以下几种优化方式:①按等级优化切
割,按不同等级切割,最大限度切取优质玻璃;②按产品规格优化切割,根据不同
质量及堆垛区的堆垛情况切割成大、中、小不同规格的玻璃; ③按市场销售
情况进行优化切割,可优先及最大限度地切割市场急需的产品规格。
The flower slices function to set several floricultures to slice a specification comparison, slicing machine with allied lock completion, produce the glass of different specification in the meantime.So can satisfy a production line to produce the request of various specificationses in the meantime, if adopt mechanization heap , the heap then canned resolve a heap of the machine problem with not enough period,
can also reduce a heap of machine amount, economical investment
2.2花切功能设定几种花切规格比例,与纵切机联锁完成,同时生产不同规格的玻
璃。这样可以满足一条生产线同时生产多种规格的要求,若采用机械化堆垛,
则可以解决堆垛机的堆垛周期不够的问题,也可以减少堆垛机数量,节省投资
2.3Side department follow incise function horizontal slice machine and
side department and follow control the system unite a lock, can carry
out horizontal slice machine and fall the position variety that the knife
order, lifts knife and orders, carry out the biggest scope and slice and cut
qualified knothole function thus, increase a production line at falsely
often of slicing and cutting rate, special produce at float and move
quantity and change very big of time
边部跟踪切割功能横切机与边部跟踪控制系统联锁,可实现横切机的落刀点、
抬刀点的位置变化,从而实现最大范围切裁合格板的功能,增加生产线在不正
常时的切裁率,特别生产在飘移量变化很大的时候
2.4The whole lineses follow to incise function horizontal slice machine and
the whole line control allied lock can carry out whole lineses' glass to
different specification, different quality to follow different
destination(fall the plank, heap etc.), and can record each the quality
of the glass and each glass of the blemish and the position;
全线跟踪切割功能横切机与全线控制联锁可实现全线对不同规格、不同质量
的玻璃跟踪到不同目的地(落板、堆垛等) ,并可记录每垛玻璃的质量及每片玻
璃的缺陷及位置;
2.5Hint the function has an examination to lack oil and breaks spirit and
breaks down hint function.
提示功能具有检测缺油、断气及故障提示功能。
Automate function and break bridge to spread the feeling machine allied lock, can lift knife automatically when the glass break plank.
2.6自动化功能与断桥传感器联锁,可以在玻璃断板时自动抬刀。
Periodic can the product which incise certain specification of the periodic
ground.
2.7周期性能够周期性地切割一定规格的产品。
3Adopting the high performance, high sex price compares of the GE 9030 PLCs and high performance are loose to descend numerical type intelligence's exchanges servo drive system, match with to develop specially and pass by
long-term test of control software, make the system not only have very high control accuracy, and come to an intelligent and stable perfect combine.
设备控制Equipments control
(1)采用高性能、高性价比的GE 9030 PLC及高性能松下数字式智能交流伺服驱动系统,配
合特别研发且经过长期考验的控制软件,使系统不仅具有很高的控制精度,并达到了灵敏与稳定的完美结合。
All parameters can constitution in touching to hold, include plank long, the plank breadth, start order, fall knife to order, return to speed and add and subtract soon and move to adjust to try speed, diagraph round and diagonal line school quasi- and horizontal bye control parameter and limit protect a constitution etc. parameter.
(2)所有的参数都可在触摸屏上设置,包括板长、板宽、起始点、落刀点、返回速度及加减速、
手动调试速度、测量轮及对角线校准、横掰控制参数及限位保护设置等参数。
Incise process automatically in, can operate to lift knife and fall knife at any time, make the knife have the glass that can jump to crack open by explosion to take, since the protection knife have, and then avoids appearing long glass of size to take.
(3)自动切割过程中,随时可操作抬刀、落刀,使刀具可以跳过炸裂的玻璃带,既保护刀具,又避
免出现长尺寸的玻璃带。
The forerunner's speed follows function, knife head while promising to fall knife speed and glass take speed of synchronous.Moreover horizontal slice a machine design and make of choose a material, process and the standard piece buy etc. also want to control strictly.Slice machine with of its kit, horizontal bye break, bye the side transport machine etc. the equipments also needs to make a further improvement and
the exaltation.
(4)先进的速度跟踪功能,保证了落刀时刀头速度与玻璃带速度的同步。另外横切机设计、制
造的选材、加工及标准件的采购等方面也要严格控制。与其配套的纵切机、横向掰断、掰边输送机等设备也需作进一步的改进和提高。
The new century, electromechanical integration of the type widely used to be, people developed a series of products. Addition, we re-introduce some other type of
reference do.
4.新世纪以来,机电一体化的横切机以被广泛应用,人们开发出来了一系列的产品.另外我们再介绍几种其他的横切机做参考.
Use: This applies to all kinds of paper, paper plastic composite categories, such as large-scale color composite category reel packaging materials-cut. Widely used in paper processing sector, the printing and packaging industries. Performance and features:
用途：本机适用于各种纸类、纸塑复合类、彩印复合类等大型卷筒包装材料的截切。广泛用于纸品加工界、印刷包装行业等。性能及特点：
The use of servo motor (or stepper motor) control for long-cut. With electro-optical tracking system that in the cross section of the products can be longitudinal.
(1)、本机采用伺服电机（或步进电机）控制定长截切。设有光电跟踪修正系统，在对产品进行横切的同时可进行纵切。
Transmission system using pneumatic, hydraulic systems, such as photoelectric sensor centralized control, discharge system uses hydraulic lifting device. The machine set light, electricity, liquid, gas, integrated, easy to operate, high precision-cut, mechanical stability, low noise advantages.
(2)、传动系统采用气动、液压系统、光电传感器等集中控制，放料系统采用液压提升装置。本机集光、电、液、气一体，操作简便，截切精度高，机械稳定，噪音低等优点。
The electrical VVVF, automatic counting, alarm Parking, tension figures show that functions.
(3)、电机变频调速，自动计数，报警停车，张力数字显示等功能。
Model parameters ZHJ-800D ZHJ-1100D ZHJ-1300D ZHJ-1600D
1400m maximum diameter of raw materials
The largest-cut width of 800 mm 1100mm 1300mm 1600mm
- Cut 20-1200mm length
The accuracy of ± 0.2mm
Productivity ≤ 80 m / min
Complete machine power 5kw 5kw 6kw 8kw
Applicable power 380v/50Hz (-phase 4-wire)
Asked the biggest source of air pressure 5.5 kg/cm2 × 5m3/min
The device weighs about 1,000 kg of about 2000 kg of about 2500 kg of about 2800 kg
Dimensions (mm) 5500 ×1550 ×1200 5500 ×1850 ×1200 5500 ×2100 ×1250
ZHJ-C1/C2 high-speed automatic Cutting Machine
4.2 ZHJ-C1/C2型高速自动横切机
Use: This applies to all kinds of paper, paper plastic composite categories, such as
large-scale color composite category reel packaging materials-cut. Widely used in paper processing sector, the printing and packaging industries.
用途：本机适用于各种纸类、纸塑复合类、彩印复合类等大型卷筒包装材料的截切。广泛用
于纸品加工界、印刷包装行业等。
Performance and features性能及特点：
(1), The use of servo motor (or stepper motor) control for long-cut. Amended with electro-optical tracking system.
(2), Transmission system using pneumatic, pneumatic systems, such as photoelectric sensor centralized control, discharge system uses air pressure lifting equipment. The machine set light, electricity, liquid, gas, integrated, easy to operate, high
precision-cut, mechanical stability, low noise advantages.
(3),The electrical VVVF, automatic counting, alarm Parking, tension figures show that functions.
(4), Use heavy-duty cutting tool imports, product uniformity, no edges and corners.
(1)、本机采用伺服电机（或步进电机）控制定长截切。设有光电跟踪修正系统。
(2)、传动系统采用气动、气压系统、光电传感器等集中控制，放料系统采用气压提升装置。本机集光、电、液、气一体，操作简便，截切精度高，机械稳定，噪音低等优点。
(3)、电机变频调速，自动计数，报警停车，张力数字显示等功能。
(4)、采用重型进口刀具裁切，产品整齐，无棱角。
Machine Model ZHJ-800C1/C2 ZHJ-1100 C1/C2 ZHJ-1300 C1/C2
The largest raw materials 800 1100 mm width 1350 mm
Complete machine power 5.5kw 6kw 7kw
The device weighs about 2,500 kg of 2,800 kg about 3200 kg
Dimensions (mm) 5500 × 1500 × 1400 5500 × 1800 × 1400 5500 × 2300 × 1400 Applicable power 380v/50Hz (-phase 4-wire)
Asked the biggest source of air pressure 5.5 kg/cm2 × 5m3/min
The largest raw material Ф ≤ 14 mm in diameter.
30g of raw materials / ㎡~ 500 g / m 2 (depending on the materials may be)
- Cut of 5 ~ 1200mm length
The accuracy of ± 0.2mm
Fang / Recoiler paper tube diameter Ф3 "or Ф6" (or according to customers required) Crop frequency 120degree/min
ZHJ-C3 high-speed automatic finishing Cutting Machine
4.3 ZHJ-C3型高速自动整理横切机
This applies to all kinds of paper, paper plastic composite categories, such as large-scale color composite category reel packaging materials-cut. Widely used in paper processing sector, the printing and packaging industries.
本机适用于各种纸类、纸塑复合类、彩印复合类等大型卷筒包装材料的截切。广泛用于纸品加工界、印刷包装行业等。
1, The use of servo motor (or stepper motor) control for long-cut. With electro-optical tracking system that in the cross section of the products can be longitudinal, and
finished automatically collate.
2, Transmission system using pneumatic, hydraulic systems, such as photoelectric sensor centralized control, discharge system uses hydraulic lifting device. The
machine set light, electricity, liquid, gas, integrated, easy to operate, high
precision-cut, mechanical stability, low noise advantages.
3, The electrical VVVF, automatic counting, alarm Parking, tension figures show that functions.
1、本机采用伺服电机（或步进电机）控制定长截切。设有光电跟踪修正系统，在对产品进
行横切的同时可进行纵切，并对成品进行自动整理。
2、传动系统采用气动、液压系统、光电传感器等集中控制，放料系统采用液压提升装置。本
机集光、电、液、气一体，操作简便，截切精度高，机械稳定，噪音低等优点。
3、电机变频调速，自动计数，报警停车，张力数字显示等功能。
Model ZHJ-1100C3 ZHJ-1400C3 ZHJ-1600C3
Raw materials maximum diameter 1400mm 1400mm 1400mm
The largest-cut width of 1100mm 1400mm 1600mm
- Cut 20-1200mm length 20-1200mm 20-1200mm
The accuracy of ± 0.2mm ± 0.2mm ± 0.2mm
Productivity 80m/min 80m/min 80m/min
Piled material largest high 1200mm 1200mm 1200mm
Complete machine power 8kw 9kw 11kw
Applicable power 380v/50Hz (three-phase) 380v/50Hz (three-phase) 380v/50Hz (three-phase)
Asked the biggest source of air pressure 5.5 kg/cm2 × 5m3/min largest 5.5 kg/cm2 ×5m3/min largest 5.5 kg/cm2 × 5m3/min
The device weighs about 3,200 kg of about 3800 kg of about 4300 kg
Dimensions 6000 × 1500 × 1700mm 6000 × 1800 × 1700mm 6000 × 2000 × 1700mm
付：外文翻译
电火花加工
电火花加工法对加工超韧性的导电材料（如新的太空合金）特别有价值。这些金属很难用常规方法加工，用常规的切削刀具不可能加工极其复杂的形状，电火花加工使之变得相对简单了。在金属切削工业中，这种加工方法正不断寻找新的应用领域。塑料工业已广泛使用这种方法，如在钢制模具上加工几乎是任何形状的模腔。
电火花加工法是一种受控制的金属切削技术，它使用电火花切除（侵蚀）工件上的多余金属，工件在切削后的形状与刀具（电极）相反。切削刀具用导电材料（通常是碳）制造。电极形状与所需型腔想匹配。工件与电极都浸在不导电的液体里，这种液体通常是轻润滑油。它应当是点的不良导体或绝缘体。用伺服机构是电极和工件间的保持0.0005~0.001英寸（0.01~0.02mm）的间隙，以阻止他们相互接触。频率为20000Hz左右的低电压大电流的直流电加到电极上，这些电脉冲引起火花，跳过电极与工件的见的不导电的液体间隙。在火花冲击的局部区域，产生了大量的热量，金属融化了，从工件表面喷出融化金属的小粒子。不断循环着的不导电的液体，将侵蚀下来的金属粒子带走，同时也有助于驱散火花产生的热量。
在最近几年，电火花加工的主要进步是降低了它加工后的表面粗糙度。用低的金属切除率时，表面粗糙度可达2—4vin.(0.05—0.10vin)。用高的金属切除率[如高达15in3/h(245.8cm3/h)]时，表面粗糙度为1000vin.(25vm)。
需要的表面粗糙度的类型，决定了能使用的安培数,电容,频率和电压值。快速切除金属（粗切削）时，用大电流,低频率,高电容和最小的间隙电压。缓慢切除金属（精切削）和需获得高的表面光洁度时，用小电流,高频率,低电容和最高的间隙电压。
与常规机加工方法相比，电火花加工有许多优点。
1 . 不论硬度高低，只要是导电材料都能对其进行切削。对用常规方法极难切削的硬质合金和超韧性的太空合金，电火化加工特别有价值。
2 . 工件可在淬火状态下加工，因克服了由淬火引起的变形问题。
3 . 很容易将断在工件中的丝锥和钻头除。
4 . 由于刀具（电极）从未与工件接触过，故工件中不会产生应力。
5 . 加工出的零件无毛刺。
6 . 薄而脆的工件很容易加工，且无毛刺。
7 . 对许多类型的工件，一般不需第二次精加工。
8 .随着金属的切除，伺服机构使电极自动向工件进给。
9 .一个人可同时操作几台电火花加工机床。
10.能相对容易地从实心坯料上，加工出常规方法不可能加工出来的极复杂的形状。
11.能用较低价格加工出较好的模具。
12.可用冲头作电极，在阴模板上复制其形状，并留有必须的间隙。
Electrical discharge machining
Electrical discharge machining has proved especially valuable in the machining of super-tough, electrically conductive materials such as the new space-age alloys. These metals would have been difficult to machine by conventional methods, but EDM has made it relatively simple to machine intricate shapes that would be impossible to produce with conventional cutting tools. This machining process is continually finding further applications in the metal-cutting industry. It is being used extensively in the plastic industry to produce cavities of almost any shape in the steel molds.
Electrical discharge machining is a controlled metal removal technique whereby an electric spark is used to cut (erode) the workpiece, which takes a shape opposite to that of the cutting tool or electrode. The cutting tool (electrode) is made from electrically conductive material, usually carbon. The electrode, made to the shape of the cavity required, and the workpiece are both submerged in a dielectric fluid, which is generally a light lubricating oil. This dielectric fluid should be a nonconductor (or poor conductor) of electricity. A servo mechanism maintains a gap of about 0.0005 to 0.001 in. (0.01 to 0.02 mm) between the electrode and the work, preventing them from coming into contact with each other. A direct current of low voltage and high amperage is delivered to the electrode at the rate of approximately 20 000 hertz (Hz). These
electrical energy impulses become sparks which jump the dielectric fluid. Intense heat is created in the localized area of the park impact, the metal melts and a small particle of molten metal is expelled from the surface of the workpiece . The dielectric fluid, which is constantly being circulated, carries away the eroded particles of metal and also assists in dissipating the heat caused by the spark.
In the last few years, major advances have been made with regard to the surface finishes that can be produced. With the low metal removal rates, surface finishes of 2 to 4 um. (0.05 to 0.10um) are possible. With high metal removal rates finishes of 1 000uin. (25um) are produced.
The type of finish required determines the number of amperes which can be used, the capacitance, frequency, and the voltage setting. For fast metal removal (roughing cuts), high amperage, low frequency, high capacitance, and minimum gap voltage are required. For slow metal removal (finish cut) and good surface finish, low amperage, high frequency, low capacitance, and the highest gap voltage are required.
Electrical discharge machining has many advantages over conventional machining processes.
1. Any material that is electrically conductive can be cut, regardless of its hardness. It is especially valuable for cemented carbides and the new supertough space-age alloys that are extremely difficult to cut by conventional means.
2. Work can be machined in a hardened state, thereby overcoming the deformation caused by the hardening process.
3. Broken taps or drills can readily be removed from workpieces.
4. It does not create stresses in the work material since the tool (electrode) never comes in contact with the work.
5. The process is burr-free.
6. Thin, fragile sections can be easily machined without deforming.
7. Secondary finishing operations are generally eliminated for many types of work.
8. The process is automatic in that the servomechanism advances the electrode into the work as the metal is removed.
9. One person can operate several EDM machines at one time.
10. Intricate shapes, impossible to produce by conventional means, are cut out of a solid with relative ease.
11. Better dies and molds can be produced at lower costs.
12. A die punch can be used as the electrode to reproduce its shape in the matching die plate, complete with the necessary clearance.
An Automatic MechanotronicsHorizontal Cutter 机电一体化全自动横切机 1.Say after70's in20centuries the our country sun float the method glass technique invention,our country of float method glass,the industry develops quickly.Currently,the our country is the world is the biggest to float the method glass production country,2006our country of float method glass,the production line has more than160s totally,adopting among them our country the sun float method glass to float method glass technically,the production line has more than130s totally, floating the method glass total yield already more than454,000,000,and yield annually all significant increment.But our country the洛sun float the method glass technique material and other nations to compare automation degree still very low,has been being placed in the half auto half artificial appearance,raise completely our country the洛sun float method glass a technique a material level,developing whole lineses allied lock follow produce the technique have already forced in the eyebrow.Currently,our country the sun float method glass a technique a material to mainly be placed in a single machine dispersion control stage(or part of llied lock control),rush through super nations float method glass a technique a material level, have to raise first our country the automation function of the single machine equipments.Horizontal slice machine conduct and actions to float method glass cold carry to produce one of the on-line important equipmentses,its automation degree and incise accuracy will influence the finished product rate that the glass produces,we introduce a kind of machine electricity integral whole to turn here full-automatic horizontal slice machine 1、述自20世纪70年代我国洛阳浮法玻璃技术发明之后,我国的浮法玻璃工业迅速发展。目 前,我国是世界最大浮法玻璃生产国,2006年我国的浮法玻璃生产线共有160多条,其中采用我国洛阳浮法玻璃技术的浮法玻璃生产线共有130多条,浮法玻璃总产量已超过4.54亿重量箱,而且产量每年都大幅度增加。但我国洛阳浮法玻璃技术装备与其它国家相比自动化程度还很低,一直处在半自动半人工状态,全面提高我国洛阳浮法玻璃技术装备水平,开发全线联锁跟踪生产技术已迫在眉捷。目前,我国洛阳浮法玻璃技术装备主要处于单机分散控制阶段(或部分联锁控制),要赶超国际浮法玻璃技术装备水平,首先必须提高我国单机设备的自动化功能。横切机作为浮法玻璃冷端生产线上的重要设备之一,其自动化程度及切割精度将影响玻璃生产的成品率,在此我们介绍一种机电一体化全自动横切机(见图1)。
农业产业化外文翻译文献(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译)
农业产业化：从农场到交易市场 Mark R. Edwards and Clifford. J. Shultz 摘要 农业产业化就是农业以市场需求为导向，有效的满足客户以及市场要求的一系列的链条。这种变革需要一个更广泛的概念化和更准确的定义，传达一个致力于创造价值和可持续利用食物，纤维，可再生资源的更有活力，系统性，综合性和纪律性的系统。我们讨论的力量，推动这一转移到市场，提供了新的和更具有代表性农业产业化的定义，提供模型以说明一些最引人注目的趋势，并阐明这些模型关键因素和影响。 关键词：农业产业化的定义，概念模型，市场为中心，市场体系
1 绪论 农业产业化在1955年开始作为一个独特的研究领域，当时约翰.戴维斯将它定义为：农业产业化是以农场生产为中心，然后商品化。这个定义当时是最适当的，那是农业行动的重点是最大限度地生产食物和纤维。戴维斯和高德博格用新鲜的见解，将农业产业化定义为:制造和分销农场用品：在该农场生产经营、储存、加工、分销所有的农产品的商品和物品所涉及的所有业务的总和。类似的定义也有其他的人提出，如唐尼和埃里克森：农业产业化，包括所有这些业务和管理活动由公司提供投入到农业部门，生产农产品，运输，金融，处理农产品的全部过程。 这些传统的定义，随着时间的推移，对农场或生产的单位所反映农业产业化的焦点，如农业交易中心已数十年之久。今天，一个就业散点图显示，虽然超过百分之三十的就业机会农业产业化提供的，少于百分之一的人直接参与农场生产。农业产业化已不再是以农场为中心。二十一世纪农业产业化包含了更广泛的一系列行动，主要是外围行动，包括以市场为导向的可持续利用食物，纤维，和可再生资源。
附录A 英文参考资料 Comment on medicines and chemical reagents package machinery conceptual design In recent years, Carry out GMP (medicines and chemical reagents produces specifications of quality) attestation system because of sustained our country economic situation rise and country to pharmacy industry mandatory. Medicines and chemical reagents package machinery has got quite great progress. The new product increases by gradually. Engineering level has had very big improvement. But be returning very big gaps back to existence compared with international standards. Level being close to 60%'s product cannot to reach upper developed country century eighties. Large-scale advanced equipment is dependent on entrance mainly. Low our country medicines and chemical reagents package machinery engineering level is that the design designing personnel low level from our country enterprise arouses to a great extent. One, our country medicines and chemical reagents package machinery current situation analyses Our country medicines and chemical reagents package machinery still has bigger gap compared with advanced international level. What time is insufficient on domestic medicines and chemical reagents package machinery design under main existence 1) Backward domestic mechanical performance medicines and chemical reagents package machinery mostly, accuracy low velocity, is slow, stationarity dispatches package machinery travel process to contain large amount of dyadic complicated intermittence motion. Come to come true mainly from the cam, the connecting rod. But, many design that the personnel is unable to require that the independence designs the parameter calculating cam bar linkage kinematics and dynamics according to job cycle picture and accuracy. Be only the surveying and mapping carrying out a piecemeal that the abroad model machine cam connecting rod part is dismantled down simplely. Bring about actuating mechanism error is very big. That domestic medicines and chemical reagents package machinery runs speed mostly is more general than hanging down according to cutting frequency if the aluminiummoulds bubble cover
英文原文出自《Advanced Technology Libraries》2008年第5期 Robot Robot is a type of mechantronics equipment which synthesizes the last research achievement of engine and precision engine, micro-electronics and computer, automation control and drive, sensor and message dispose and artificial intelligence and so on. With the development of economic and the demand for automation control, robot technology is developed quickly and all types of the robots products are come into being. The practicality use of robot products not only solves the problems which are difficult to operate for human being, but also advances the industrial automation program. At present, the research and development of robot involves several kinds of technology and the robot system configuration is so complex that the cost at large is high which to a certain extent limit the robot abroad use. To development economic practicality and high reliability robot system will be value to robot social application and economy development. With the rapid progress with the control economy and expanding of the modern cities, the let of sewage is increasing quickly: With the development of modern technology and the enhancement of consciousness about environment reserve, more and more people realized the importance and urgent of sewage disposal. Active bacteria method is an effective technique for sewage disposal，The lacunaris plastic is an effective basement for active bacteria adhesion for sewage disposal. The abundance requirement for lacunaris plastic makes it is a consequent for the plastic producing with automation and high productivity. Therefore, it is very necessary to design a manipulator that can automatically fulfill the plastic holding. With the analysis of the problems in the design of the plastic holding manipulator and synthesizing the robot research and development condition in recent years, a economic scheme is concluded on the basis of the analysis of mechanical configuration, transform system, drive device and control system and guided by the idea of the characteristic and complex of mechanical configuration,
外文翻译 原文 Title:Agricultural Industrialization Organization of Marketing Strategy Analysis Material source:2010 International Conference on Industry Engineering and Management Author:Zhao Yanhong, Ren Aihua Abstraet:Agricultural industrialization is the development direction of world agriculture, it is also the main form of the agricultural operation in developed countries. Vigorously develop the industrialization of agriculture is to enhance the competitiveness of China’s agricultu re is an effective means of marketing innovation in agriculture. It is related to the industrialization of agriculture an important factor in business success. In this paper, product, place, promotion, three organizations, the face of the industrialization of agriculture marketing innovation of the corresponding development proposals. Keywords:Product;Channel Innovation;Promotion 1 Introduction Although China has already established a number of agricultural industrialization organization, but very few successful cases, reason, the product can not sell that influence their development, an important factor. At present the industrialization of agriculture organizations in product development, sales channels and marketing methods. There are many ways to solve urgent problems, we can say, marketing has become a bottleneck restricting development of the organization. In this Paper, the development of marketing concept, mainly based on the content of the theory of 4P, from development to meet consumer demand for products. Innovation in the channel, flexible use of marketing mix and so the organization seeking to promote the industrialization of agriculture marketing of innovative measures. 2 Development of Products to Meet Consumer Demand 4C theory holds that companies should give top priority to the pursuit of customer satisfaction, then theagricultural industry of the organization must first develop a customer satisfaction products. Marketing believes that demand for the
中英文翻译 原文： Comment on medicines and chemical reagents package machinery conceptual design In recent years, Carry out GMP (medicines and chemical reagents produces specifications of quality) attestation system because of sustained our country economic situation rise and country to pharmacy industry mandatory. Medicines and chemical reagents package machinery has got quite great progress. The new product increases by gradually. Engineering level has had very big improvement. But be returning very big gaps back to existence compared with international standards. Level being close to 60%'s product cannot to reach upper developed country century eighties. Large-scale advanced equipment is dependent on entrance mainly. Low our country medicines and chemical reagents package machinery engineering level is that the design designing personnel low level from our country enterprise arouses to a great extent. One, our country medicines and chemical reagents package machinery current situation analyses Our country medicines and chemical reagents package machinery still has bigger gap compared with advanced international level. What time is insufficient on domestic medicines and chemical reagents package machinery design under main existence 1) Backward domestic mechanical performance medicines and chemical reagents package machinery mostly, accuracy low velocity, is slow, stationarity dispatches package machinery travel process to contain large amount of dyadic complicated intermittence motion. Come to come true mainly from the cam, the connecting rod. But, many design that the personnel is unable to require that the independence designs the parameter calculating cam bar linkage kinematics and dynamics according to job cycle picture and accuracy. Be only the surveying and mapping carrying out a piecemeal that the abroad model machine cam connecting rod part is dismantled down simplely. Bring about actuating mechanism error is very big. That domestic medicines and chemical reagents package machinery runs speed mostly is more general than hanging down according to cutting frequency if the aluminium moulds bubble cover
中英文对照外文翻译文献 (文档含英文原文和中文翻译) By integration of machinery development The modern science and technology unceasing development, impelled different discipline intersecting enormously with the seepage, has caused the project domain technological revolution and the transformation, in mechanical engineering domain, because the microelectronic technology and the computer technology rapid development and forms to the mechanical industry seepage the integration of machinery, caused the mechanical industry the technical structure, the product organization, the function and the constitution, the production method and the management system has had the huge change, caused the industrial production to enter into “the integration of machinery” by “the machinery electrification” for the characteristic development phase. First, the integration of machinery outline Integration of machinery is refers in the organization new owner function, the power function, in the information processing functio n and the control function introduces the electronic technology, u nifies the system the mechanism and the computerization design and the software which constitutes always to call.
美国农业合作社与农业产业化外文文献翻译中英文最新 （节选重点翻译） 英文 Managing uncertainty and expectations: The strategic response of U.S. agricultural cooperatives to agricultural industrialization Julie Hogeland Abstract The 20th century industrialization of agriculture confronted U.S. agricultural cooperatives with responding to an event they neither initiated nor drove. Agrarian-influenced cooperatives used two metaphors, “serfdom” and “cooperatives are like a family” to manage uncertainty and influence producer expectations by predicting industrialization's eventual outcome and cooperatives’ producer driven compensation. The serfdom metaphor alluded to industrialization's potential to either bypass family farmers, the cornerstone of the economy according to agrarian ideology, or to transform them into the equivalent of piece-wage labor as contract growers. The “family” metaphor reflects how cooperatives personalized the connection between cooperative and farmer-member to position themselves as the exact opposite of serfdom. Hypotheses advanced by Roessl (2005) and Goel (2013) suggest that intrinsic characteristics of family businesses such as a resistance to change and operating according to a myth of unlimited choice and
中英文资料翻译 Modern packaging 1. Changing Needs and New Roles Looking back, historical changes are understandable and obvious. That all of them have had an impact on the way products are bought, consumed and packaged is also obvious. What is not so obvious is what tomorrow will bring. Yet, it is to the needs, markets, and conditions of tomorrow that packaging professionals must always turn their attention. The forces that drove packaging during the Industry Revolution continue to operate today. The consumer society continues to grow and is possibly best described by a1980s bumper sticker, “born to shop”. We consume goods today at rate 4 to 5 times greater than we did as recently as 1935. Most of these goods are not essential to survival; they constitute what we may call “the good life”. In the second half of the 20th century, the proliferation of goods was so high that packaging was forced into an entirely new role, that of providing the major purchase motivation rather than presenting the goods itself. On a shelf of 10 competing products, all of them similar in
附录 INTEGRATION OF MACHINERY （From ELECTRICAL AND MACHINERY INDUSTRY）ABSTRACT Machinery was the modern science and technology development inevitable result, this article has summarized the integration of machinery technology basic outline and the development background .Summarized the domestic and foreign integration of machinery technology present situation, has analyzed the integration of machinery technology trend of development. Key word：integration of machinery ，technology，present situation ，product t，echnique of manufacture ，trend of development 0. Introduction modern science and technology unceasing development, impelled different discipline intersecting enormously with the seepage, has caused the project domain technological revolution and the transformation .In mechanical engineering domain, because the microelectronic technology and the computer technology rapid development and forms to the mechanical industry seepage the integration of machinery, caused the mechanical industry the technical structure, the product organization, the function and the constitution, the production method and the management system has had the huge change, caused the industrial production to enter into “the integration of machinery” by “the machinery electrification” for the characteristic development phase. 1. Integration of machinery outline integration of machinery is refers in the organization new owner function, the power function, in the information processing function and the control function introduces the electronic technology, unifies the system the mechanism and the computerization design and the software which constitutes always to call. The integration of machinery development also has become one to have until now own system new discipline, not only develops along with the science and technology, but also entrusts with the new content .But its basic characteristic may summarize is: The integration of machinery is embarks from the system viewpoint, synthesis community technologies and so on utilization mechanical technology, microelectronic technology, automatic control technology,
编号（学号）： 文献综述 （2012届本科） 题目：关于农业产业化发展的研究综述 学院： 专业：农林经济管理 姓名： 指导教师： 完成日期：2012年 4 月28 日 注：[封面的文献综述编号统一填写学号]
沈阳农业大学学士学位论文文献综述 关于农业产业化发展的研究综述 摘要：20世纪90年代初，“农业产业化”一经提出就成为理论界关注的热点, 农业产业化是我国发展农村经济、是国家增税、企业增利、农民增收的有效途径，是农业发展新的生长点和农业转向现代化的重要途径，是社会主义新农村建设的重要内容，是发展区域经济、推进城乡一体化、促进现代农业发展的现实选择，对我国“三农”问题的解决具有重大的现实意义。由于我国农业产业化起步晚，农业基础薄弱，规模化和产业化水平低,加之地区间发展存在极大的不平衡性，农业产业化仍然存在一些急待解决的问题，新农村建设为我国推进农业产业化提出了新要求。如何提高农业产业化的可持续性，是我们必须思考和研究的重要问题。现通过对近几年国内学术界的相关研究成果进行综述，以期对此问题的研究能够更进一步。 关键词：农业产业化；产业链；模式 中国是一个农业大国，农业是国民经济的基础，具有举足轻重的作用。2007年1月29日，《中共中央国务院关于积极发展现代农业扎实推进社会主义新农村建设的若干意见》下发，文件明确要求开发农业多种功能，健全发展现代农业的产业体系，要大力发展特色农业，扶持农业产业化龙头企业发展。此后的中央文件也多次提到了农业产业化发展的重要性。 从政府高度重视，到各项促进措施可以看出，发展特色农业，推进农业产业化的一直是农业经济发展的突破口，在建设社会主义新农村的宏伟工程里发挥着举足轻重的作用。我国农业产业化发展近20年，取得了很大的成就，农业综合增长力显著增强，基本实现了由粗放生产向集约化生产的历史跨越。但是随着现代农业发展进入关键时期，我国的农业产业化发展也迫切需要在体系上进一步创新，在质量上进一步提升。我国农业产业化最早是1993年在山东潍坊提出来的。它是指在农民家庭经营的基础上，以市场为导向，以经济效益为中心，通过各种类型的龙头组织的带动，围绕主导产业和产品，实行区域化布局、专业化生产、规模化建设、系列化加工、社会化服务、企业化管理，形成市场牵龙头、龙头带基地、基地连农户，种养加、产供销、内外贸、农工商一体化，农业产前、产中、产后各环节用利益机制联结成一体的一种生产经营组织形式。农业产业化则是实现农业两个根本转变和“第二次飞跃”的有效途径，是农村经营形式的重大改革和创新，也是农业发展新的生长点和农业转向现代化的重要途径，因此，调整农业产业结构、加快现代农业产业化进程便成为历史的必然选择。现将学者们的相关观点和研究成果梳理如下： 1关于农业产业化内涵界定的研究情况 第一种观点是：国外农业产业化最早产生于20 世纪50 年代的美国，美国哈佛大学的John M.Davis 和Roy A.Goldberg 出版的著作开创了农业产业化研究，但是, 当时他们提出的概念是Agribusiness, 我国翻译为农业综合企业, 简称农工综合体[1]。它是以