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英语四级翻译长难句解析英语四级考试中的翻译部分一直是考生们的难点之一。
常常会遇到由长难句构成的翻译题目，对于这种题目，考生需要具备较高的英语语法水平和翻译能力。
本文将选取一些常见的难句进行解析，并提供相应的翻译方法和技巧。
1. It is not because things are difficult that we do not dare, it is because we do not dare that they are difficult.这句话采用了倒装句的形式，强调了表语从句后面的原因。
在翻译这种句子时，可以先将主句和从句分开翻译，再进行合并。
翻译：并不是因为事情困难，我们才不敢做，而是因为我们不敢做，事情才变得困难。
2. We are what we repeatedly do. Excellence, then, is not an act, but a habit.这句话使用了漂亮的平行结构，强调了习惯的重要性。
在翻译时，可以根据语义进行适当的变动，使翻译更加流畅。
翻译：我们是我们反复做的事情。
卓越因此不是一个行为，而是一种习惯。
3. Do not fear mistakes. You will know failure. Continue to reach out.这句话使用了省略的结构，强调了不要害怕犯错和坚持努力的态度。
在翻译时，可以将省略的内容进行补充，并进行必要的词序调整。
翻译：不要害怕犯错。
你会遭遇失败。
继续前进。
4. The best way to predict the future is to create it.这句话使用了动词不定式作主语的结构，强调了创造未来的重要性。
在翻译时，可以将动词不定式改为一个完整的句子，使翻译更加通顺。
翻译：预测未来的最佳方式就是去创造它。
5. I am thankful for a lawn that needs mowing, windows that need cleaning and gutters that need fixing because it means I have a home.... I am thankful for the piles of laundry and ironing because it means my loved ones are nearby.这句话使用了并列结构，通过列举具体的事物来强调感恩的态度。
大学英语四级长难句翻译练习英语长句一般指的是各种复杂句，复杂句里可能有多个从句，从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、嵌套，也可能并列，平行。
所以翻译长句，实际上我们的重点主要放在对各种从句的翻译上。
从功能来说，英语有三大复合句，即：①名词性从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句;②形容词性从句，即我们平常所说的定语从句;③状语从句正确翻译英语句子是英语学习者必须解决的问题。
对于一些结构复杂的难句，我们应当使用技巧使其简单化。
一般来说，可以使用顺序法、逆序法、分句法和插入语灵活翻译法。
这些句子结构复杂，逻辑性强，翻译起来困难相当大。
但是，无论多长的句子、多么复杂的结构，它们都是由一些基本的成分组成的。
只要弄清英语原文的句法结构，找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思，然后分析各层意思之间的逻辑关系，再按汉语的特点和表达方式就可以译出原文了。
在长句的英译汉实践中，我们始终应记住英汉在句法结构上的差异，不必拘泥于形式。
请大家练习翻译下面句子!1.Proponents of G-M foods argue using biotechnology in the production of food products hasmany benefits: it speeds up the process of breeding plants and animals with desiredcharacteristics;can be used to introduce traits that a product wouldn't traditionally have; canimprove the nutritional value of products; and can produce cheaper and more environmentally瞗riendly fertilizers.2.The annual migrations of wildfowl and many other animals certainly cannot be regarded as aform of exploration, because such movements are actually only shifts from one habitat toanother forthe purpose of avoiding seasonal climatic variations.3.The before stage includes writing a confirmation letter, concentrating on appearance andnonverbal communication, developing your portfolio, anticipating questions with positiveresponses,and arriving early.4.Based on these goals, place yourself in the role of the interviewer and develop anticipatedquestions and answers to three categories: company data, personal data, and specific jobdata.5.There is no doubt, however, that it is the increasing number of applicants with universityeducation at all points in the process of engagingstaff that has led to the greater importanceofthe curriculum vitae.6.They predict that a complete understanding of the human genetic code would provideuntold benefits for humanity, for example, those abilities to diagnose, cure, and eventuallyprevent manydiseases caused by faulty genes.7 .In both the United States and the United Kingdom, government contracts are governed bythe ordinary law of contracts, with the result that the government can reserve the power tomodify orterminate a contract on its own side only by writing such power into the contract.8.In order to make economic development agreements more attractive to investors, somedeveloping countries have attempted to strengthen the security of such agreements,specifying that theagreements will be governed by “general p rinciples of law recognized bycivilized nations”-a set of legal principles or rules shared by the world's major legal systems.9.And not only is it technically impossible to censor current content of the Internet, but theInternet is set to explode exponentially in theindefinite future, with there beingliterallymillions of changes and additions to web content on a daily basis.10.Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, theCourt in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect”， a centuries-old moralprincipleholding that an action having two effects--a good one that is intended and a harmfulone that is foreseen--is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.1.转基因食物的倡导者指出，用生物技术生产食物有很多益处：它能加速作物和牲畜的生长速度，并使它们具有所要求的特点;它可以给食物增添以往不具备的特征;可以改进食物的营养价值;可以生产出廉价、环保效果更好的肥料。
英语四级真题阅读长难句的分析及译文英语四级真题阅读长难句的分析及译文82. The point in that sleep cycle at which you wake can affect how you feel later, and may even have a greater impact than how much or little you have slept.【分析】本句为并列复合句。
句子主干为The point can affect and may have impact。
and 连接两个并列的谓语。
which 引导定语从句，修饰 point, at the point 是固定搭配，所以 which 前面加介词at。
than 后面是 how 引导的宾语从句。
【译文】在睡眠中的哪个阶段醒来将会影响到你之后的`感觉，甚至可能比睡眠时间长短对你产生的影响更大。
83. While she awaits the outcome, the government has granted her permission to work here and she has returned to her job at Ben Jerry s.【分析】本句为并列复合句。
句子主干为the government has granted her permission and she has returned to job。
while 引导时间状语从句，意为当的时候。
【译文】在她等待结果的同时，美国政府同意她继续在本杰瑞公司工作，现在她已经重返工作岗位。
84. Modern cars are far tougher to steal, as their engine management computer won t allow them to start unless they receives a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition key.【分析】本句为复合句。
英语四级真题阅读长难句的分析（六）18. Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man who had delayed doing anything about his smoker s cough for a year.【分析】本句为复合句。
主句为Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man。
who引导定语从句,修饰a 50-year-old man。
delay后常接动名词，表示推迟做某事。
smoker s cough指吸烟引起的咳嗽。
【译文】两个月前，古丽塔遇见一位50岁的男人，他耽搁了一年而未对吸烟引起的咳嗽做任何处理。
19.Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide to frequent their competitors, according to a study jointly conducted by Verde Group and Wharton School.【分析】本句为并列复合句。
when引导时间状语从句，according to 是介词短语。
conducted by Verde Group and Wharton School作后置定语修饰a study。
the last one to do sth.意为最终一个做某事的人。
【译文】据沃德集团和沃顿商学院所做的一份联合调查显示，商店经理总是最终一个接到投诉，并且通常是当他们的常客打算定期光顾他们的竞争对手时才发觉。
20. Retailers who re responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren t so friendly,said Professor Stephen Hoch.【分析】本句中的直接引语为复合句。
英语长难句翻译练习1. Now, Shaw is exaggerating, but there is something in what he says, and the question is worth following up, for the sake of the light it________(throw) on modern knowledge.分析谓语动词个数及句子成分：And 和but 的作用：2.It was ___________(most) he who talked a nd he seemed afraid to stop for fear she’d ask him to leave her by__________(she).and连接的并列复合句。
And前面的句子是_______________，he__________。
for fear(that)=in order that…should not happen意为“_________________”，to leave her by herself=to leave her _________________。
Exercise :1. If you are a man, you can point out that most poets and men of science are male; _____ you are a woman, you can retort that so are most criminals.这是一个句型结构十分对称的并列复合句。
“so are most criminals”是______________结构2.__________( Give )the nature of government and private employers, it seems most likely that discrimination by private employers would be greater.分析Given的作用和词性3. The release of the carbon in these compounds for recycling__________(depend) almost entirely on the action of both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and certain types of fungi.fungus n. 真菌(如蘑菇和霉);霉;霉菌(复数fungi)4. A spirited discussion springs up_________ a young girl who says that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a mouse era and a major who says that they haven’t.jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a mouse era 作用和意思5. They are trying to find out ____________there is something about the way we teach language to children ____________ in fact prevents children from learning sooner.6. Mathematicians who have tried to use the computers to copy the way the brain ________ (work) have found that even using the latest electronic equipment they would have to build a computer which__________( weigh) over 10,000 kilos.7. ________ different people like to do so many different things in their spare time, we could make a long list of hobbies, __________(take) in everything from collecting matchboxes and raising rare fish, to learning about the stars and making model ships.To learn 做的是目的状语还是定语：8. They know that a seal swimming under the ice will keep a breathing hole open by its warm breath, _______they will wait beside the hole and kill it.长难句句式分析练习题1.Our linguistic and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes, gestures, customs and languages of other countries, are losing us friends, business and respect in the world.句子的主谓宾结构是_________________________________. with which 引导一个定语从句修饰_______________. take notice of 意思是“_________________”。
历年大学英语四级真题阅读长难句分析（三）长难句分析（1）1. Therefore, with every increase of knowledge and skill, wisdom becomes more necessary, for every such increase augments our capacity for realizing our purposes, and therefore augments our capacity for evil, if our purposes are unwise. (1995. 阅读. Text 3)【译文】因此，随着知识和技能的增长，智慧变得越发必要，因为知识和技能的每点增长都会增强我们实现目的的能力，如果我们的目的不够明智，那么同时，我们邪念的力量也会随之增强。
【析句】with every increase of knowledge and skill作伴随状语，主句wisdom becomes more necessary, 后面是for引导原因状语从句，every such increase augments our capacity..., and therefore augments our capacity..., and连接两个并列简单句共同构成原因状语从句，最后是if 引导条件状语从句。
2. And someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind. (1995. 阅读. Text 1) 【译文】多动脑筋的人，进入老年以后，比起头脑迟钝的人的认知能力更加健全。
【析句】复合句，主句someone will go into old age more sound than someone,with a history of doing more than less作伴随状语，who has not had an active mind作someone的定语从句。
大学英语四级长难句翻译练习1.Wearing a seat belt saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half.2. But it will be the driver’s responsibility to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing a seat belt of some kind.3. However, you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing your vehicle; or you are making a local delivery or collection using a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it.4. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court that you have been excused from wearing it.5. Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could he slowed down.6. With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.7. Computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain,which relate to intellect (智能) and emotion, and determine the human character.8. Contraction of front and side parts as cells die off was observed in some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not evident in some sixty and seventy-year-olds.9. The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns.10. White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant.翻译：1、系好安全带能够挽救性命，它能将丧生和重伤的概率减少一半以上。
大学英语四级真题，阅读理解长难句拆解+翻译Goel and his team developed several versions of Jill Watson before releasing her to the online forums.发布到线上论坛之前，Goel和他的团队研发了好几个版本的Jill Watson.词法：release：计算机领域指发布代码，编译程序等。
forum此处指在线课程论坛。
句法：主句是简单的主语，谓语，宾语，before后面的动宾状结构。
翻译要点：汉语中状语前置。
逻辑整理：第一段，概况了问题，及解决方法。
本段，详细描述解决问题的整个过程。
这一段是说明文中典型的说明程序步骤过程的说明文。
存在着潜在的先后顺序关系。
At first, the virtual assistant wasn't too great.起初，虚拟助手不太理想。
词法：at first ,一般理解是首先，但是实际首先，一般指最初，不完美的状态，暗指后来的变化。
逻辑整理：详细描述过程。
But Goel and his team sourced the online discussion forum to find all 40,000 questions that had ever been asked since the class was launched. 但是，Goel和他的团队查阅了最初的讨论论坛，找到40000个课程开课以来提出的问题。
词法：重点是source用作动词，指的是查找源头的意思，可以不能直接翻译，否则无法将意思表达明白。
另外，launch是启动计算机课程的意思。
句法：主语，谓语，宾语之后，是to do引导的目的状语，to do 后面的名词作宾语，其后又出现了定语从句，定语从句之后，又出现了since引导的简单时间状语从句。
翻译要领：不要简单的单词对译，要结合上下文的语境。
短文翻译练习日常生活中，我们可以做很多有利于保护环境的事情。
最主要的三件事是：节约、重复使用和回收。
首先，我们应该减少我们的消费量，在家里节约用水和其他能源。
第二，我们可以重复利用。
使用可以重复利用的用具和容器，并改掉东西只用一次的坏习惯，有利于减少浪费。
第三，我们可以回收像易拉罐和瓶子一样的东西。
回收有利于减少我们所用资源的总量，而且再用一次比浪费了好。
在中国有私家车的人不是很多，但是每个人都能到达他们想去的地方。
中国发达的铁路系统承担了大部分的长途运输。
在中国，可以乘火车去国内的任何地方，不像在美国，客运列车很少而且间隔时间很长。
中国的城市居民出行时也有很多选择。
中国的很多城市有发达的公交系统，公共汽车频繁地运行停靠于城市中的很多地方。
市政府也为人们把自行车作为主要交通工具提供了方便。
如在繁忙路段开辟自行车道以及为人们停放自行车提供安全的地方。
很多人都说中国是一个饮食文化，就是中国人太强调和重视和吃饭以及与食物有关系的习俗了。
因此，有时候中国人会因为中国和美国习俗的差异而误解美国人，认为他们待人冷漠、不够好客。
然而，这只表明了美国人以不同的方式表现他们的好客和关心。
美国南方人也以好客而闻名。
他们的很多和吃有关的习俗和中国很相似。
主人经常劝客人多吃多喝，并且还会为饭菜准备的不周到而道歉。
中国和美国的主人准备的饭菜可能不一样，但他们遵从不同的习俗都是出于同一个原因--- 为了表达热情和好客。
在今天这个联系更紧密、更全球化的世界，能讲多种语言是极有价值的技能。
学习语言的最好的（也是最容易的、最有意思的）办法就是去讲那种语言的国家。
在你自己的国家可能要花几年才能学到的东西，在那个母语国家花一个学期就能学到。
更重要的是，尽管你能从书本上学到语言，但是直到你沉浸在语言环境中时，你才能真正学到人们是怎么说话的。
最后，学习语言的关键是练习：一直说，而且在不同的情境中说。
这在你自己的国家几乎是不可能的，但是当你在国外的时候却是不可避免的。
放松真的很关键。
每个人都需要给自己留一点儿时间放松，独处或者跟朋友在一起。
研究显示，通过参加社交活动放松的人比那些自己放松的人的压力小，但是这两组人的压力明显都比那些放松不够的人低。
别忘了，人类是社会的产物--- 和他人的交往和交流对我们的健康是非常重要的！躲开那些紧张的人。
压力是会蔓延的。
紧张的人通常会通过表现地紧张、没有理性或者坏脾气把压力传递给他人，而那些无辜的牺牲者就会开始感到有压力。
由于历史传统、社会文化背景的不同，中西方的家庭教育观念存在着巨大的差异。
西方家庭普遍认为孩子从出生那天起就是一个独立的个体，任何人都没有权利去支配他的行为，也不能替代他做选择。
而中国家长则大都要求孩子顺从、听话。
西方家长一般都相信如果孩子能做到，就让他自己做，这是对孩子独立性的尊重。
而中国家长常常是能替孩子做多少就做多少。
西方人并不煞费苦心地设计孩子的未来，而是努力把孩子培养成为能够适应各种环境、具备独立生存能力的人。
中国的许多家长望子成龙，所以家长最关心的是孩子的学习。
为使孩子成绩学习好，学习之外的事情都不让孩子干，而对孩子的独立生活能力、心理健康程度、公民意识等则关心很少。
长难句分析1.So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial labhas far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project.2.The effect was first noted in 1858 by William Farr, who wrote that widows and widowerswere at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers.3.Likewise, a married man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as adivorced man who does not smoke.4.Modern airplanes have two black boxes: a voice recorder, which tracks pilots’ conversations,and a fight-data recorders, which monitors fuel levels, engine noises and other operating functions that help investigators reconstruct the aircraft’s final moments.5.Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that saystrying to get people to think more positively can actually have the opposite effect: It can simply highlight how unhappy they are.6.Many African-American blogs have written about what they’d like to see Michelle bring tothe White House --- mainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family.7.He had a perfect resume and gave good responses to her questions, but the fact that he neverlooked her in the eye said “untrustworthy”, so she decided to offer the job to her second choice.8.We need to train ourselves to think differently, shift our mindsets and realize that diversityopens doors for all of us, creating opportunities in organizations and communities that benefit everyone.9.But the real truth is that we don’t know enough to relieve global warming, and --- withoutmajor technological break thoughts --- we can’t do much about it.10.When you consider that nearly three out of four Americans have seen the game show “WhoWants to Be a Millionaire?” you can understand the power of television to communicate witha large audience.长难句分析11.Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but ---regardless of whether it is or isn’t --- we won’t do much about it.12.One day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become myreply to any and all provocations: I don’t talk about that anymore.13.Regardless of how it’s sold, the popularity of bottled water taps into our desire for betterhealth, our wish to appear cultivated, and even a longing for lost purity.14.Many in-home jobs that used to be done primarily by women --- ranging from familyshopping to preparing meals to doing voluntary work --- still need to be done by someone. 15.As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curingdisease to preventing disease --- especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking and failure to exercise.16.As you sleep you pass through a sequence of sleep states --- light sleep, deep sleep and rapideye movement sleep --- that repeats approximately every 90 minutes.17.Home builders can now use materials --- such as paints that release significantly reducedamounts of organic compounds --- that don’t destroy the quality of the air, water, or soil. 18.We are giving people high-quality, healthful products and an opportunity to make choices thathave a beneficial effect on the world.19.When we designed America’s first so-called “green” office building in New York two decadesago, we felt very alone.20.So for 20 years, we’ve been focusing on these materials down to the molecules, looking forways to make then safe for people and the planet.。
