专八翻译长难句结构分析最经典50句
50
1. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-
oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending
their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.
[参考译文] 美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造
出来。
2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled
with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize
their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to
produce it.
[参考译文] 因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何
被用来制造它们。 3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will
tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and
permit more consumers to buy the product.
[参考译文] 另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。
4. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership
of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a
product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
[参考译文] 在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有权，也指其他一些特定的权利，如确定一个产品价格和与另一个私人个体(经济单位) 自由签定合同的权利。
5. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are
the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And
they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns.
[参考译文] 同时这些计算机记录下哪些时间是最忙的，哪些员工工作效率最高，这样就
能相应地做出人员人事安排。而且它们(计算机)也能为促销活动找到那些拥有优先权的顾
客。
6. Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and
electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers
through the use of computers.
[参考译文] 不计其数的其他商业企业，从剧院到杂志出版商，从公用燃气电力设施到牛奶
处理厂，都通过计算机的使用给消费者带来更好、更有效率的服务。
7. Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age For
these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those
differences.
[参考译文] 残疾儿童在许多关键方面都与其同龄人不同。为了让这些孩子发展其全部的成
人后的潜能，他们的教育必须适应这些不同。 8. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special
conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.
[参考译文] 在过去的30年中，公共教育中显示的对残疾儿童的巨大关注表明了我们社会
中的一种中强烈的情绪，那就是所有的公民，不管其情况有多特殊，都应享有充分发展其
能力的机会。
9. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby
establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive
prices.
[参考译文] 它(广告)能够直接帮助货物以比较合理的价格被迅速分销出去，因此可以(使公
司)建立一个坚固的国内市场，同时也使以具有竞争力的价格提供出口变得可能。
10. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no
regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his
advertisements.
[参考译文] 除去议会有27件法案来规范广告的条件，没有任何一个正式的广告商敢于推
销一种商品却不能兑现其在广告中的承诺。 11. If its message were confined merely to information and that in itself would be difficult if not
impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtly
persuasive-advertising wound be so boring that no one wound pay any attention.
[参考译文] 如果其信息只被局限于告知一一就广告而言，如果这不是完全不可能达到的，
也是非常难做的，因为即便是一个诸如衬衫的颜色的选择这样的细节都会具有微妙的说服
意味，那么广告就会如此地乏味以至于没有人会关注它。
12. The workers who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who
learns a new language-all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show
for there efforts.
[参考译文] 得到了升迁的工人们，成绩进步的学生，学会了一门新语言的外国人一一这些
都是那些有可衡量的结果宋显示其努力的人们的例证。
13. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their
extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the
confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.
[参考译文] 随着家庭离开他们原来稳定的社区，离开他们多年的朋友和扩展的家庭关系，
非正式的信息流动被切断了，随之而去的是对在需要时能获得可靠和值得信赖的信息的信
心。
14. The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of
finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her
specific problem is complicated,
time--consuming, and sometimes even overwhelming.
[参考译文] 现在每个人能够得到的信息比任何时代的人都多，而找到与他／她的特定问题
相关的那一点信息的任务不仅复杂、耗时，有时甚至令人难以招。
15. Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can
be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant
conference site.
[参考译文] 通过远程会议，专家知识可以在全世界范围内被分享，而争论的问题能够得到
解决，同时相关人员也不必离开他们的家庭或工作跑到一个遥远的开会地点
16. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the
clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than
their B type fellows.
[参考译文] 现在这种让孩子们和其同学或时间竞争的热情导致了一个双层结构，在这个结
构里面善于竞争的A类好像在某个方面要比他们B类的同辈更胜一筹。
17. While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your
experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your "wares" and abilities
must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.
[参考译文] 在跟你谈话的时候，可能成为你的雇主的人就一直在衡量你的教育、经验和其
他资格是不是值得他雇用你，而你的"商品"和能力一定要以一种有条不紊而且合情合理的
相互关联的方式被展示出来。 18. The Corporation will survive as a publicly funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programs are now the subject of a nation wide debate in
Britain.
[参考译文] 英国广播公司将作为一个公共基金支持的广播组织存在下来，至少目前会这
样，但是它的角色、它的规模和它的节目现在在英国成了全国上下的讨论话题。 19. The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the
BBC--including ordinary listeners and viewer to say what was good or bad about the Corporation,
and even whether they thought it was worth keeping.
[参考译文] 这场辩论是由政府发动的，政府请任何一个对英国广播公司有意
见的人一包括
普通的听众和观众一来说说这个公司好在哪里或坏在哪里，甚至要说说他们
是否认为这个公司值得被保留下来。
20. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large profess
signal element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of
family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.
[参考译文] 这种变化通过引入许多的专业因素从而适应了这个新时代的技术
要求，并且它(这种变化)防止了效率的降低。这种效率的降低在精力充沛的创业者之后的第二代和第三代人(领导公司)的时候，经常会毁掉那些家族公司的财富。 21. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers
and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national
life representing irresponsible
wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners: and almost equally detached
from the responsible management of business.
[参考译文] 这样巨大而非个人的对资金和产业的操纵极大地增加了股东的数量和他们作为
一个阶级的重要性，这是国家生活中代表不负责任的财富的一个因素，这种财富不但远离了土地和土地拥有者的责任，而且几乎同样与公司的负责任的管理毫无关系。 22. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large "comfortable" classes
who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the
rest of the community except
that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders' meeting to dictate their
orders to the management.
[参考译文] 像伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本这样的城镇的涌现是为了给那些数量很多的"舒适"阶级提供居住场所。这些人依赖于其丰厚收入而不工作，他们除了分红和偶尔参加一下股东大
会，向管理层口授一下自己的命令之外，跟社会的其他阶层毫无瓜葛。
23. The "shareholders" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the
workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations
of capital and labor was not good.
[参考译文] 这样的"股东"对他拥有股份的公司所雇用的工人们的生活、思想
和需求一无所知，而且他们对劳资双方的关系都不会产生积极的影响。
24. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct
relation with the men and their
demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the
employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now
passing away.
[参考译文] 代表公司的花钱雇来的经理与工人及其需求的关系更加直接，但
是就连他对工
人们也没有那种熟识的私人之间的了解。而在现在正在消失的古老家族公司
的那种更加家长式的制度下的雇主们却常常对他们的工人有这样的私人关系。 25. Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country's
excellent elementary
schools: a labor force that welcomed the new technology； the
practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, "spatial" thinking about things
technological.
[参考译文] 在许多形成因素当中，我将挑选出这些：这个国家优秀的小学教育：欢迎新技
术的劳动者们：奖励发明者的做法；而且最重要的是美国人在对那些技术性
事物的非言语的、"空间性的"思考方面的天赋。
26. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, "A technologist thinks about objects that can not be
reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions: they are dealt with in his mind by a visual,
nonverbal process...The designer and the inventor.., are able to assemble and manipulate in
their minds devices that as yet do not exist".
[参考译文] 正如尤金?弗格森所指出的那样："一个技术专家思考那些不能被简化成能被
清楚的语言描述的东西。这些东西在他的思维中是通过一种视觉的、非语言表述的过程宋处理的……设计者和发明者……能够在他们的脑中装配并操作那些还不存在的装置。"
27. Robert Fulton once wrote, "The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges,
wheel, etc, like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of
his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea".
[参考译文] 罗伯特?法欧特曾经这样写到："一个技师会坐在杠杆、螺丝钉、楔子、轮子
等等当中，就像一个诗人沉浸在字母表的字母中，把这些字母看成自己思想的展示，在这样的展示中，每种新的次序安排都传达了--种新的思想。" 28. In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating.
He describes their programs and, tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists,
the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise.
[参考译文] 在最后三章中，他脱下手套，将神造论者好好地揍了一顿。他描述了他们的活
动和战术，而且，对于那些对神造论者的做事方式刁；熟悉的人来说，神造论者的欺骗和扭曲事实的程度可能会令这些人有一种不快的诧异。
29. On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: "This book stands for reason
itself." And so it does-and all wound be well were reason the only judge in the
creationism/evolution debate.
[参考译文] 在这本杰出的书的外纸封面上，史蒂芬?杰伊?古尔德写道："这本书本身就代表理性。"而它确实是这样的--而且如果理性成为神造论／地化论之间的辩论中的惟一评判
标准的话，一切就都好办了。
30. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia's
Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives
of incurably ill patients who wish to die.
[参考译文] 经过了六个月的争论以及最后16个小时激烈的议会辩论，澳大利亚北部地区
成了世界上第一个允许医生终止希望死去的绝症病人生命的立法当局。 31. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-
to-life groups and the
Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the
tide is unlikely to turn back.
[参考译文] 一些机构终于松了一口气，但是其他一些机构，包括教堂，倡导
生命之权的团
体和澳大利亚医学协会，尖锐地抨击这个法案，指责法案的通过过于匆忙。
但是大势已定，不可逆转。
32. In Australia- where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community
attitudes have all played their partother states are going to consider making a similar law to deal
with euthanasia.
[参考译文] 在澳大利亚--人口老龄化，延长寿命的技术和变化看的社会态
度，这些因素都
在发挥作用一一其他的州也会考虑制定相似的关于安乐死的法律。 33. There are, of course, exceptions. Small--minded officials, rude waiters, and ill mannered taxi
drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it
deserves comment.
[参考译文] 当然，例外是存在的。在美国，心胸狭窄的官员，粗鲁的传者，和没有礼貌的
出租车司机也并不少见。然而人们常常得出这样的观察意见，这使得它值得被讨论一下。
34. We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive:
an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a
cigarette for the nerves.
[参考译文] 我们生活在一种药品(毒品)的医学用途和社会用途都很广泛的社会里：一片用
来止头痛的阿斯匹林，一些用来社交的葡萄酒，早上自己提提神所喝的咖啡，一支用来定神的香烟。
35. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance
required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal
symptoms when the substance is discontinued.
[参考译文] 对药品的依赖性首先表现为不断增长的耐药量，要产生想得到的效果所需要的药品剂量越来越大，然后表现为当停止用药后，令人不快的停药症状的出现。 36. "Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?" Senator Robert Dole asked
Time Warner executives last week. "You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation
and threaten our children as well?"
[参考译文] 上星期参议员罗博特多尔质问时代华纳公司的高级管理人员们："难道这就是你们希望能够成就的事业?你们已经出卖了自己的灵魂，但是难道你们还非要腐化我们的
国家，威胁我们的孩子们吗?"
37. "The test of any democratic society, he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column', "lies not in
how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression
the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be..."
[参考译文] "对任何一个民主社会的考验，"他在《华尔街杂志》的一个专栏文章中写到，"不在于它能够多有效地控制各种意见的表达，而在于这个社会是否能给予思考和表达的尽
可能广泛的自由，不管有时候这种结果是多么的富有争议或令人不快…" 38. During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month's stockholders' meeting, Levin
asserted that "music is not the cause of society's ills" and even cited his son, a teacher in the
Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students.
[参考译文] 在-上个月的股东大会上关于摇滚歌词的讨论中，莱文宣称说："音乐不是社会问题的原因"，他甚至还以他的儿子为例。他的儿子是纽约州布朗克斯的一个教师，并用
说唱音乐与学生们进行沟通。
39. Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as "steering the economy to a
soft landing" of "a touch on the brakes" , makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be
further from the truth.
[参考译文] 有很多用于描述货币政策的词汇，例如"轻踩刹车"以"操纵经济软着陆"，使货币政策听起来像是一门精确的科学。没有什么比这更远离实际情况的了。 40. Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the
United States, since, conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially
America's, have little productive slack.
[参考译文] 经济学家们对英国和美国的有利的通货膨胀数据尤其感到惊讶，因为传统的计量方法显示两国的经济，特别是美国的经济，几乎没有生产萧条的时候。
41. The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue
that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were
based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.
[参考译文] 很不幸，这最令人震惊的解释有一点缺陷。一些经济学家认为世界经济结构的
强有力的变化已经结束了那个以经济增长和通货膨胀的历史关联为基础的旧的经济模式。
42. The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt
that floods left-all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it
barely generates electricity.
[参考译文] 例如，阿斯旺大坝使得尼罗河不再洪水泛滥，但是它也夺去了埃及以前所享有
的洪水留下的肥沃淤泥--这些换宋的就是这么个疾病滋生的水库，现在这个水库积满了淤泥，几乎不能发电了。
43. New ways of organizing the workplace--all that re-engineering and downsizing--are only one
contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors
such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in
education and training,
[参考译文] 企业重组的新方法--所有那些重新设计、缩小规模的做法--只是对一个经济的
整体生产力做出了一方面的贡献。这种经济还受许多其他因素的驱动，比如结合设备和机械上的投资、新技术，以及在教育和培训上的投资。 44. His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering
in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving
sufficient thought to long-term
profitability.
[参考译文] 他的同事迈克尔?比尔说，有太多的公司已经用一种机械的方式实行公司内部的
重新设计，在没有充分考虑长期赢利的能力下削减了成本。 45. Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as "The Flight from
S.cience and Reason" , held in New York City in 1995, and "Science in the Age of (Mis)
information, which assembled last June near Buffalo.
[参考译文] 科学卫士们在会议上也表述了他们的关注，比如1995年在纽约市举行的 "逃离
科学与理性"会议，以及去年6月在布法罗附近召开的"(错误) 信息时代的科学"会议。
46. A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many
other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining
stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.
[参考译文] 一项关于1996年新闻报道的调查显示，反科学的标签还可以贴在许多其他团
体身上，从提倡消灭最后存留的天花病毒的权威机构，到鼓吹削减基础研究经费的共和党人(都被贴上了反科学的标签)。
47. The 'true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrllch of Stanford University, a pioneer of
environmental studies, are those who question the evidence
supporting global warming, the
depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.
[参考译文] 环境研究的先驱、斯坦福大学的保罗?厄尔里西认为，科学真正的敌人是那些对支持全球变暖、臭氧层损耗以及工业发展的其他后果的证据提出置疑的人。 48. This development--and its strong implication for US
politics and economy in years ahead--
has enthroned the South as America's most densely populated region
for the first time in the
history of the nation's head counting.
[参考译文] 这种发展--以及其对美国政治、经济在未来几年的潜在的强有力
的影响一一使
得南部在全国人口普查中有史以来首次成为美国人口最密集的地区。 49. Often they choose--and still are choosing--somewhat colder climates such as Oregon, Idaho
and Alaska in order to escape smog.crime and other plagues of urbanization in the Golden State.
[参考译文] 他们常常选择--现在依然这样选择--居住在那些气候较为寒冷的
地区，比如俄勒冈、爱达荷，还有阿拉斯加，为的是逃避烟雾、犯罪，以及"金州"(加利福尼亚)城市化进程中的其他问题。
50. As a result, California's growth rate dropped during the 1970's, to 18.5 percent--little more
than two thirds the 1960's growth figure and considerably below that of other Western states.
[参考译文] 结果，加利福尼亚的人口增长率在20世纪70年代时下降到了18．5％一一稍高于60年代增长率的三分之二，大大低于西部其他各州。
一、有无必要通读全文
完全没有必要。只有在以下两种情况下，才需要回头看看前文：1.出现it, he, they等代词时，需要回读前文以确定它们所指代的人或物；2.出现某个单词有歧义，可作多种理解时。
二、如何做好翻译
翻译有三个步骤：正确理解原文；用地道的译入语表达原文；对译文进行修改
润色。百分之百
正确地理解原文，是做好翻译的前提。考生在已有的英语理解基础上，应针对
翻译部分着重注意以
下几个方面：
1.句子中相对应的部分。请看例句：
The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be dir
ectly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find.
这一句很明显可以分为A，B，C三个部分，A为果，B，C为两个并列的原因。
明白了这一
英语长难句翻译技巧及方法 英汉两种语言句子的不同特点是：英语书面语长句较多；汉语一般短句较多。英语句子结构较紧，多用主人结构，英语可有各种后置修饰语（介词短语、不定式短语、动名词短语、分词短语以及从句），这些成分都是造成英语长句的原因；汉语句子结构较松，多用并列结构。有翻译经验的人们对这些特点作过形象的比喻，把英语句子结构比作“葡萄”，把汉语句子结构比作“竹节”。翻译长句时，可将英语的葡萄结构拆成汉语的竹节结构，即把成串的拆成成条的。 英汉两种语言的语序差异是：英语时间顺序灵活（表示时间的从句可以在主句之前或之后）；汉语一般是从先到后。英语逻辑顺序也比较灵活（表示原因、条件的从句可以在主句之前或之后）；汉语一般是前因后果，先进条年，后谈结果。英语中的句词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）与汉语句子主谓宾的语序基本一致，因此，一般都可按汉语的表达方式处理。 顺序法 如果英语长句的时间顺序、逻辑顺序以及名词性从句与汉语句子的语序基本相似，一般可按原文顺序译：如： 本句时间状语从句在前，用顺序法译。 （1）As it was a fine day and I was in no hurry, I was taking my time, looking in shop windows, strolling in the park, and sometimes just stopping and looking around me. 由于天气晴朗，当时又无急事，我便慢悠悠看看橱窗，逛逛公园。有时干脆停下脚步，四处张望。 逆序法 如果英语长句的时间顺序、逻辑顺序与汉语句子的语序相反，一般可逆原文顺序译。如： （2）“Neither believe nor reject anything,” he wrote to his nephew, “because any other person has rejected or believed it ……”他在给侄子的信中写道：“不要因为别的人相信或拒绝了什么东西，你也就去相信它或拒绝它。……” 分译法 由于的英语可有各种后置修饰语，所以有些英语句子很长。为了符合汉语表达习惯，我们常可将长句中的一连患后置修饰语与其修饰成分分开来译，即把短语或从句拆译为短句，有时还需将后置修饰语另作适当安排并适当增加词语。如： （1）A physically mature female deer in good condition who has conceived in November and given birth to two fawns during the end of May or first part of June, must search for food for the necessary energy not only to meet her body’s needs but also to pro duce milk for her fawns. 一只成熟健壮的母鹿，在十一月份怀胎，五月底或六月初生下两只幼鹿，这时，他必须寻找食物以获得必要的能量，这不仅是为了满足自身的需要，而且也是为了给幼鹿生产乳汁。
考研英语：历年真题经典长难句深度解析 一、It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself. 1.重点词汇及短语： describe…with…用……描述…… articulate 【生义】v. 清楚地表达，描述【熟义】adj. 明晰清楚的 reaction n. 反应 grasp v. 理解，领会（尤指复杂的事情或观点） 2.句子成分分析：本句为主从复合句，主干是It is also the reason...。why引导定语从句，解释说明the reason。定语从句中包含了一个时间状语从句when we try to describe music with words。关系副词why引导限定性定语从句，修饰先行词reason，在定语从句中充当原因状语。例如：He didn’t tell me the reason why he was so upset. 从句引导词选用关系副词why还是关系代词that/which，取决于先行词reason在从句中充当的成分：先行词reason在从句中作副词性成分，应该用why。例如：Please tell me the reason why he was late.（先行词reason在从句中作原因状语）；先行词reason在从句中作
名词性成分，应该用that/which。例如：Please tell me the reason that/which made him late.（先行词reason在从句中作主语） 3.参考译文：这也是为什么当我们试图用语言描述音乐时，我们只能表达出自己对音乐的感受，而无法领悟音乐本身。 二、Asked whether any particular papers had impelled the change, McNutt said: "The creation of the 'statistics board' was motivated by concerns broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research and is part of Science's overall drive to increase reproducibility in the research we publish.” 1.重点词汇及短语： impel v. 促使，迫使【用法】impel sb to do sth迫使某人做…… statistics board 统计板 concern n. 忧虑，担心；重要的事情concern about/over/with 对……关心application n. 申请书；应用；应用程序 2.句子成分分析：本句的主干是...McNutt said...。分词短语Asked whether...the change作句子的状语。引号中的内容是said的宾语，其主干是The creation of the "statistics board" was motivated...and is part of...。句中的broadly with the application of statistics and data analysis in scientific research解释说明concerns的内容。句中的to increase...we publish解释说明drive的内容，
英语四级阅读长难句句子结构分析(8) 分隔结构 含有分隔结构得复杂句通常是指那些句子结构主谓、谓宾、宾补之间存在着其他成分。而有时这些介入成分又较长，从而使本来应该紧联在一起得句子成分被分隔开了。另外还有一种分隔结构是同位语和定语同它们所修饰得成分分隔，由于作同位语和作定语得句子太长，而后面得部分又太短，为了保证全句意思表达得完整性常常把同位语或定语放到句子最后，形成分隔得结构。一般来说分隔结构本身不难辨认，但当句子较长，成分较多，被分隔得部分又相距较远时就容易造成理解障碍，而且常常被分隔得成分又恰恰是句子得主干。因此准确判断分隔结构，理顺句子主干就成了理解这类句子得关键。 Exercise It’s an activity you turn to for pleasure, not something that you have to do, like helping with the dishes. While I was waiting to enter university, I saw advertised in a local newspaper a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived. I launched into a variation of the speech I had made for years, about how excessive tax rates can take away the incentive to produce, and how cutting taxes can generate growth. 要点分析和参考译文 1
1. That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. （难度系数5，下同） 译文：那种性别比例能在最大程度上增加一个个体所能拥有的后代数量，并因此能在最大程度上增加所传递到后代身上去的基因复制品的数量。难句类型：倒装、省略 a.本句的正常语序应当是：That sex ratio which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted will be favored.但是因为主语That sex ratio之后的以which引导的修饰它的定语从句，如果按照以上语序，则有头重脚轻之感。所以原文将此长长的从句倒装成谓语will be favored之后。 b.在which引导的从句中，有两处省略：第一处在maximize的第一个宾语the number of descendants that an individual will have中，an individual will have是修饰descendants的定语从句，但是，因为descendants在从句中作have的宾语，所以引导词that可以省略。第二处省略是在第二个the number of 之前，省略了与前面一样的成分that sex ratio which maximizes. And hence在此表示后面的成分作为前面“最大化一个个体的后代的数目的”结果。 2. （This is ）A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower .(5++)复杂+倒装+省略; 这是一种照亮现实的欲望，此欲望从来就不会唐突的取代后面的那种欲望，后者是我们可以将其部分的理解为一个兼任小说加和科学家的人想要去准确并具体的记录下一朵花的结构和文理的那种意义上的欲望。 A、句首省略了this is 。这种用一个词代替一个句子的方式如果在书面语中出现，只能出现在高级英语中，因此我们以前的英语学习中从未遇到过。其形式类似于我们中文的“精彩”是“这句话真是精彩”的省略形式。 B、desire后跟着两个大的修饰成分，一个是to throw over reality a light，其中的a light 是被倒装到了over reality之后，正常应是throw a light over reality.不过这个便装部分与throw距离不远，读者看得还算懂。关键是第二个修饰成分。注意：从that开始直到句尾结束的长长的定语从句不是修饰其前的light的，而是修饰一开始的desire的。 C、第二个修饰成分中又来了一个倒装，由于作者为了强调never,所以将其提前，引发了定语从句中的倒装：正常语序应该是that might never be given away，倒装后系动词was被提前，given因为在情态动词might之后所以变成了原型give。A give way to B，是A让位于B，而A be given way to B，则是A取代B。on the part of 之后的部分修饰后面的desire, what引导的从句现场阅读时可以看成一个名词。What从句中的不定式to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower中又有一个避免头重脚轻的倒装，正常语序应该是to record the structure and texture of a flower
英译汉——长难句子结构分析经典50句子 1. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. [参考译文] 美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。 2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. [参考译文] 因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。 3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. [参考译文] 另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。 4. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual. [参考译文] 在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有权，也指其他一些特定的权利，如确定一个产品价格和与另一个私人个体(经济单位) 自由签定合同的权利。 5. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. [参考译文] 同时这些计算机记录下哪些时间是最忙的，哪些员工工作效率最高，这样就能相应地做出人员人事安排。而且它们(计算机)也能为促销活动找到那些拥有优先权的顾客。 6. Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.
英语专业八级阅读理解长难句解析 2018英语专业八级阅读理解长难句解析 英语专业八级阅读理解难点为词汇及长难句的理解，希望大家通过一段时间的坚持提升拆分解读长难句的能力，争取攻克专八阅读30分。 Ifambitionistobewellregarded,therewardsofambition—wealth,distinction,controloverone'sdestiny—mustbedeemedworthyofthesacrificesmadeonambition'sbehalf. 译文：如果雄心壮志得到人们足够重视的话，那么它的回报——财富、声誉、对命运的掌握——则都使人们认为是值得去为之付出代价的。 分析：此句包含一个if引导的条件状语从句Ifambitionistobewellregarded，主句的主语是therewardsofambition，谓语是mustbedeemed，而 wealth,distinction,controloverone'sdestiny既是插入语，又是therewards的同位语。madeonambition'sbehalf是thesacrifices 的补语。 【词汇指南】 well[wel](adv.)很好地;相当地,很(n.)水井()(该词与汉语“完好”发音极其接近——即“很好地;相当地”。而该词之所以还表示“水井”，是因为“水”就是最好的东西、乃生命之源。因此从某种程度上来说，“well-水井”演变自“water-水”。) 考点搭配： aswell也 wellregarded受欢迎的，受好评的
lesswelleducated未受过良好教育的. well-orchestrated精心策划 reward[ri'w?:d](n.)报酬,奖金(vt.)报偿,酬谢;奖励(re-回，ward=award-奖品→企业为“回”报工人而“奖给”的东西——即 “报酬,奖金”，引申为“报偿,酬谢;奖励”。) 1个派生词： ●rewarding[ri'w?:di?](adj.)有报酬的,有益的(inɡ-形容词后缀) 4个扩展词： ●award[?'w?:d](vt.)授予,给予(n.)奖品;奖状(a-加强语气,表 示“一”，ward-保护→奖励那些在战场中“保护”领袖、一直坚守 作战的勇士——即“授予,给予”，引申为“奖品;奖状”。) ●steward['stju:?d](n.)(轮船、飞机等的)服务员,乘务员;管 家(高考词汇)(2005年-阅读2)(ste=sta-词根,站立，ward-守卫→ 站立、守卫在客人身边的人——即“服务员,乘务员”，引申为“管家”。) ●wardrobe['w?:dr?ub](n.)衣柜;行头;剧装(ward-保护;收容所，robe-长袍→最初“衣柜”就是用来“收容”和存储长袍的。) ●ward[w?:d](n.)保护,看护;病房;收容所(wa=wall-围墙， rd=round-围绕→“城墙”围绕——即“保护,看护”，引申为“病房;收容所”。) deem[di:m](v.)深信,认为(有学者认为，“deem-深信、认为” 由“doom-劫数、命定”演变而来(oo-ee元音变化)→源于古人看到 天体陨落、于是“深信”将有惨祸发生;后来，根据“深信”引申为“认为”。) 1个形近词：
考研英语长难句翻译技巧总结 词类转译： 在英译汉过程中，有些句子可以逐词对译，有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达方式不同，就不能逐词对译，只能将词类进行转译之后，方可使译文显得通顺、自然；对词类转译技巧的运用须从四个方面加以注意。 1、转译成动词。英语中的某些名词、介词、副词，翻译时可转译成汉语中的动词。 The lack of any special excretory system is explained in a similar way. 植物没有专门的排泄系统，可用同样的方式加以说明。（名词转译） As he ran out ,he forgot to have his shoes on.他跑出去时，忘记了穿鞋子。 2、转译成名词。英语中的某些动词、形容词，翻译时可转换成汉语中的名词。 The earth on which we live is shaped a ball. 我们居住的地球，形状像一个大球。（动词转译） The doctor did his best to cure the sick and the wounded. 医生尽了最大的努力来治疗病号和伤员。（形容词转换） 3、转译成形容词。英语中有些作表语或宾语的抽象名词，以及某些形容词派生的名词，往往可转译成汉语中的形容词。另外，当英语动词转译成汉语名词时，原来修饰该动词的副词也往往随之转译成汉语中的形容词。 It is no use employing radar to detect objects in water. 使用雷达探测水下目标是没有用的。（作表语的名词转译） The sun affects tremendously both the mind and body of a man. 太阳对人的身体和精神都有极大的影响。（副词转译） 4、转译成副词。英语中的某些名词、形容词，翻译时可转译成汉语中的副词。 When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor .只要一发现有可能反对他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这些人争取过来。（名词转译） 词义选择和引申： 英汉两种语言都有一词多类和一词多义的现象。一词多类就是指一个词往往属于几个词类，具有几个不同的意义；一词多义就是同一个词在同一词类中又往往有几个不同的词义。在英译汉的过程中，我们在弄清原句结构后，就要善于运用选择和确定原句中关键词词义的技巧，以使所译语句自然流畅，完全符合汉语习惯的说法；选择确定词义通常可以从两方面着手： 1、根据词在句中的词类来选择和确定词义 They are as like as two peas .他们相似极了。（形容词） He likes mathematics more than physics .他喜欢数学甚于喜欢物理。（动词） Wheat, oat, and the like are cereals.小麦、燕麦等等皆系谷类。（名词）
2021考研英语经典长难句分析 考研英语备考很多事情都要提上日程了，看看哪些是该注意的，下面由我为你精心准备了“2021考研英语经典长难句分析”，持续关注本站 将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯! 2021考研英语经典长难句分析 A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure “gender parity” on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.(2020年text3) 分析长难句，我们贯穿始终的分析方法便是四步法： 一、寻标志，断长句 1.我们常用的标志有标点、从属连词、并列连词以及长的名词性短语。以这一长难句为例，我们可以依照逗号来断句，将整个句子分为三个结构。结构一：A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad;结构二：to ensure “gender parity” on boards and commissions, 结构三：provide a case in point. 二、抓住干，识修饰 说到句子的主干，无非就是句子的主谓宾，句子的核心是谓语，这一长难句中的谓语动词是provide，也许有同学会觉得sponsored也是一个动词，但是我们细心观察后面跟的是by这样的介词，这让我们想到了很熟悉的结构——N.+定语。所以这个句子虽然很长，但却是一个简单句，只有一套主谓宾。主语是A pair of bills，宾语是a case，sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad是定语，修饰限定bills，to ensure “gender parity” on boards and commissions,也是定语，修饰限定前面的bills。
专八翻译长难句结构分析最经典50句 50 1. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. [参考译文] 美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造 出来。 2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. [参考译文] 因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何
英语长难句结构分析技巧及翻译方法 集团档案编码：[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]
英语长难句结构分析技巧及翻译方法；英语长句也就是复杂句，里面可能会有多个从句，从句；那么，有些同学可能会问，究竟该怎样来分析长难句呢；1、找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，即句子的主干结构；2、找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语；3、分析从句和短语的功能，例如，是否为主语从句、；4、分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配、插入语等；依照上面四个结构分析步骤， 英语长难句结构分析技巧及翻译方法英语长句也就是复杂句，里面可能会有多个从句，从句与从句之间的关系可可能为并列，包含与被包含、镶嵌等形式。因此分析长难句或者翻译长难句，首要解决的应该是弄清楚从句以及清楚从句之间的关系。英语经常出现的复合句包括：名词性从句，它又包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句；形容词性从句，即定语从句；另外还有一种叫做状语从句。 那么，有些同学可能会问，究竟该怎样来分析长难句呢？有以下几点最为基础的步骤需要考生们记住： 1、找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，即句子的主干结构； 2、找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词； 3、分析从句和短语的功能，例如，是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或状语从句等；以及词，短语和从句之间的关系； 4、分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配、插入语等其他成分。
依照上面四个结构分析步骤，我们对下面的句子进行了分解与解析，希望同学们能够在看完例子后，有进一步的理解。 例句：，whowascryingasifhisheartwouldbreakandsaid，whenI例句分析： 第一，拆分句子。 这个长句可以拆分为四段：①“InAfricaImetaboy”②“whowascryinga sifhisheartwouldb reak”、③“whenIspoketohim，thathewashungrybecau se”、④“hehadhadnofoodfortwodays”. 第二，句子的结构分析。 (1)主干结构是主语+过去式+宾语——“Imetaboy”； (2)“crying”后面是壮语从句“asifhisheartwouldbreak”； (3)“whenIspoketohim”是介于“said”和“thathewashungrybecaus e”之间的插入语。第三，难点部分的处理。 “cryingasifhisheartwouldbreak”应译为哭得伤心极了。 参考译文： 在非洲，我遇到一个小孩，他哭得伤心极了，我问他时，他说他饿了，两天没有吃饭了。以上是对于一般长难句的结构较为基础的解析方法。长难句的解析方法具体来讲可以分为分译法、顺序法、综合法、逆序法等。
考研英语阅读真题经典长难句结构分析 1、复合句 When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. 【结构分析】 本句的主干是it is advisable to find out... for... it is possible that...，句首的When 引导一个时间状语从句，句中的for... it is possible... (至句末)是一个并列分句，表示原因，其中for后面的however +形容词farfetched and unreasonable引导状语从句，表示让步。在主干it is advisable to find out...中，it是形式主语，后面的不定式结构to find out what its advocates are aiming at是真正的主语。 【参考译文】 当艺术上的一项新运动达到一定流行程度时，最好先弄清该运动倡导者的目的，因为，无论他们的创作原则在今天看来多么牵强、多么荒谬，在未来这些理论有可能会被视为正常的东西。 2、并列句 While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your “wares” and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner. 【结构分析】 这也是一个并列句，包含两个分句。第一个分句的主干是your could-be employer is deciding whether...，其中whether引导一个宾语从句whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you;第二个分句的主干是your “wares” and abilities must be displayed...。注意：pay sb. to do sth.此处的意思是“做…对…有利”;“wares”的本义是“商品、货物”，但在本文中，作者认为找工作就是推销自己，所以结合本文的背景，wares的意思是“(求职者的)资历或能力”。 【参考译文】 与你谈话时，可能成为你未来老板的人会考虑你所受的教育、你的经历和你的其他资历是否在雇佣你以后会给他带来好处。你的“资历”和能力必须有条不紊、合理连贯地展示出来。 3、定语从句 The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large professional element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders. 【结构分析】 本句是一个并列句，以and连接;第一个分句的主干是The change met the technical requirements...，后面的介词结构by engaging a large professional element作状语，说明met the technical requirements of the new age的方式;第二个分句的主干是(the change) prevented the decline in efficiency，后面的that引导的定语从句修饰decline in efficiency。注意：engage此处的意思是“雇，聘”。 【参考译文】 通过雇用大量的职业人才，这一变化满足了新时代的技术要求，防止了效率下降——在过去，这种效率下降经常使家族公司在充满活力的创业者之后的第二代或第三代毁掉全部财产。 4、名词性从句
英语长难句翻译技巧 总汇
1. That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. （难度系数5，下同） 译文：那种性别比例能在最大程度上增加一个个体所能拥有的后代数量，并因此能在最大程度上增加所传递到后代身上去的基因复制品的数量。难句类型：倒装、省略 a.本句的正常语序应当是：That sex ratio which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted will be favored.但是因为主语That sex ratio之后的以which引导的修饰它的定语从句，如果按照以上语序，则有头重脚轻之感。所以原文将此长长的从句倒装成谓语will be favored之后。 b.在which引导的从句中，有两处省略：第一处在maximize的第一个宾语the number of descendants that an individual will have中，an individual will have是修饰descendants的定语从句，但是，因为descendants在从句中作have的宾语，所以引导词that可以省略。第二处省略是在第二个the number of 之前，省略了与前面一样的成分that sex ratio which maximizes. And hence在此表示后面的成分作为前面“最大化一个个体的后代的数目的”结果。 2. （This is ）A desire to throw over reality a light that never was might give away abruptly to the desire on the part of what we might consider a novelist-scientist to record exactly and concretely the structure and texture of a flower .(5++)复杂+倒装+省略; 这是一种照亮现实的欲望，此欲望从来就不会唐突的取代后面的那种欲望，后者是我们可以将其部分的理解为一个兼任小说加和科学家的人想要去准确并具体的记录下一朵花的结构和文理的那种意义上的欲望。 A、句首省略了this is 。这种用一个词代替一个句子的方式如果在书面语中出现，只能出现在高级英语中，因此我们以前的英语学习中从未遇到过。其形式类似于我们中文的“精彩”是“这句话真是精彩”的省略形式。 B、 desire后跟着两个大的修饰成分，一个是to throw over reality a light，其中的a light 是被倒装到了over reality之后，正常应是throw a light over reality.不过这个便装部分与throw距离不远，读者看得还算懂。关键是第二个修饰成分。注意：从that开始直到句尾结束的长长的定语从句不是修饰其前的light 的，而是修饰一开始的desire的。 C、第二个修饰成分中又来了一个倒装，由于作者为了强调never,所以将其提前，引发了定语从句中的倒装：正常语序应该是that might never be given away，倒装后系动词was被提前，given因为在情态动词might之后所以变成了原型give。A give way to B，是A让位于B，
2017年专业八级英语阅读长难句分析4 1. Although April did not bring us the rains we all hoped for, and although the Central Valley doesn't generally experience the atmospheric sound and lightning that can accompany those rains, it's still important for parents to be able to answer the youthful questions about thunder and lightning. (1994. 阅读. Text 4) 【译文】尽管四月份没有带来我们期盼已久的雨水，尽管中央山谷下雨时很少伴有雷声和闪电，但对于父母来说，能够回答孩子们关于打雷和闪电的问题仍然十分重要。 【析句】多重复合句，主句it's still important for parents to be able to……, it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式，再看从句，and连接两个although引导让步状语从句，第二个让步状语从句中又包含从句，that can accompany those rains作定语从句修饰the atmospheric sound and ligntning. 2. For example, did you know that the lightning we see flashing down to the earth from a cloud is actually flashing up to a cloud from the earth? (1994. 阅读. Text 4)
英句翻技巧及方法 英两种言句子的不同特点是：英面句多；一般短句多。英句子构，多用主人构，英可有各种 后置修（介短、不定式短、名短、分 短以及从句），些成分都是造成英句的原因；句子构松，多用并列构。 有翻的人些特点作形象的比，把英句子构比作“葡萄”，把句子构比作“竹”。翻句，可将 英的葡萄构拆成的竹构，即把成串的拆成成 条的。 英两种言的序差异是：英序灵活（表示的从句可以在主句之前或之后）；一般是从先到 后。英序也比灵活（表示原因、条件的从句可以在主句 之前或之后）；一般是前因后果，先条年，后果。英中的句性从句（主从句、表从句、从句、 同位从句）与句子主的序基本一致，因此，一般都可按的表达方式理。 序法 如果英句的序、序以及名性从句与句子的序基本相似，一般可按原文序：如： 本句状从句在前，用序法。 （1） As it was a fine day and I was in no hurry, I was taking my time, looking in shop windows, strolling in the park, and sometimes just stopping and looking around me. 由于天气晴朗，当又无急 事，我便慢悠悠看看橱窗，逛逛公园。有干脆停下脚步，四望。 逆序法 如果英句的序、序与句子的序相反，一般可逆原文序。如： （2）“Neither believe nor reject anything,”he wrote to his nephew,“because any other person has rejected or believed it ??”他在侄子的信中写道： “不要因的人相信或拒了什么 西，你也就去相信它或拒它。??” 分法 由于的英可有各种后置修，所以有些英句子很。了符合表达，我常可将句中的一患后置 修与其修成分分开来，即把短或从句拆短句，有需将后置修另作适当安排并适当增加。如： （1） A physically mature female deer in good condition who has conceived in November and given birth to two fawns during the end of May or first part of June, must search for food for the necessary energy not only to meet her body’ s needs butdcealsomilktoforproher fawns.一只 成熟健壮的母鹿，在十一月份胎，五月底或六月初生下两只幼鹿，，他必找食物以得必要的能量， 不是了足自身的需要，而且也是了幼鹿生乳汁。