1、百度经验
你好，我于今年5月份通过了CATTI二级笔译，我觉得综合能力基本上不是很难，而实务是重中之重。既然你还没有通过专八，建议你综合能力看一本词汇——《英语备考词汇全攻略2级》，一本语法——《薄冰高级英语语法》。实务只要看中国石化出版社全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试命题研究组编《笔译实务测试高分突破2级》足矣，这本书比官方指定教材要新一些，错误也要少一些。
自己尝试实务的时候感觉时间很紧，实务考试的时候大概要达到怎样的翻译速度比较好呢？
我个人认为，如果你能够在考试时尽可能减少翻词典的次数，再加上平时训练手写的速度，应该能够解决这个问题。而第一点是需要充分扩大词汇量，即把《英语备考词汇全攻略2级》里面上万个词汇记得很熟练才能做到的。根据考试大纲，英译汉速度要达到每小时500-600个单词，汉译英速度要达到每小时300-400个汉字。我想这就是实务考试时大概要达到的翻译速度。
2、个人经验
CATTI二级笔译考试主要考察个人双语基础能力，所以只要基础扎实、尽量不犯小错、语言得体流畅，考生们应该是可以通过的，下面说说个人的一些经验：
1. 语言基础
首先不能将二笔考试和四六级或专业四八级考试相比较。翻译考试不同于一般的应试考试，翻译考试考查的是平时的积累和语言基础，我认为就CATTI笔译的两门考试科目《综合能力》和《实务》来说，语言基础大体要求如下：
难度水平：
三笔：综合接近专四或六级；实务难度接近专八翻译；
二笔：综合接近专八及GRE；实务难度难于专八，而且篇幅，时间要求远高于专八翻译题。
词汇要求：
三笔：扎实掌握5000以上词汇
二笔：扎实掌握8000以上词汇（注意：是扎实掌握，而且是以上）
知识面：对各中常见领域的基础知识和专业词汇需要有一定的了解。知识面对于做翻译非常重要，一方面是要积累英语文化知识，多看看英美概况的书籍，多读跨文化交际的文章，对文学、语言学都要有浅显了解；另一方面还要扩充专业知识，多看看各门类的基础书籍（如经济，同学们最起码就应该知道什么叫无形的手）。多看书还要多看看新闻，沪江上的有各种素材的双语新闻（沪江原创双语翻译阅读>>>），各种知识的文章每天抽空多看看，积累对我们做翻译有用处。
2. 综合部分准备
CATTI笔译考试的《综合能力》科目，主要考查同学们的英语基础。如果学生本身已经通过了英语六级和专业八级考试，这部分做真题和模拟题完全可以应付。若只是通过四级或六级分数不高，可以考虑认真做一下综合教材和真题。
3. 实务部分准备
CATTI笔译考试的《笔译实务》科目无疑是备考的重中之重。推荐方法：翻译教材+翻译实践+日积月累。翻译教材：
除了官方教材外，平时还应该多看一下翻译相关的其他教材拓展翻译专项能力，因为CATTI考试主要考察能力，所以考生们要注重平时打好基础。个人推荐：
（1）上海中高级口译考试的《中级翻译教程》和《高级翻译教程》；
（2）冯庆华，陈宏薇，叶子南，李长栓，杨士焯，张培基、陈德彰等几位翻译名师的著作；
（3）推荐《中式英语之鉴》和《非文学翻译理论与实践》；
（4）双语版政府工作报告和各种双语版报告演讲；
（5）各类外刊的双语文章，如经济学人网站就有专门的佳译赏析专栏（英美报刊杂志大全专题>>>）关于官方教材，听们学有时间就一定要动手翻翻看实务教材和真题及模拟题，按照考试时间自己练习。考二笔的同学也最好看看三笔的实务教材，因为二笔教材有点过难。每天按考试时间翻译一单元，对照答案，查单词，查百科，举一反三。
翻译实践：
二级笔译考试我个人感觉最好有一定的翻译经验之后再考比较好，起码要强求应是独立翻译过万字以上材料才会有所体悟。即使没有实践机会，教材就是一个很好的练习平台。每个单元约为3000-5000字
的训练量，十几个单元的实务教材加上配套辅导，再配合自己平时看的双语新闻、政府工作报告、各类翻译材料，达到十万字的翻译量也是不难的。如果能坚持一天一单元按考试时间做完成三笔的实务教材和二笔实务教材，加上平时各类翻译教材和一定的实践经验，几十万字的翻译经验坚持下来应对二级笔译考试已经足够，所以大家一定要真正动手去翻译练习。
日积月累：
平时要多看看各类原版的百科书，只有感兴趣的都行。多看外刊注重平时的语言沉淀和地道的表达，这样考试才能临危不乱，毕竟CATTI考试还是重在平时积累。
4. 考试注意事项
各省市人事部网站都会出报名通知，CATTI考试的官网也有通知，每年报名为上半年1-3月，下半年7-9月，各地根据情况报名时间会有所不同，请大家注意。笔译考试可以带两本字典，英译汉推荐陆谷孙的《英汉大词典》，汉译英推荐外研社的《新世纪汉英大词典》。
书
一本词汇——《英语备考词汇全攻略2级》，
一本语法——《薄冰高级英语语法》。
实务只要看中国石化出版社全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试命题研究组编《笔译实务测试高分突破2级》上海中高级口译考试的《中级翻译教程》和《高级翻译教程》
《中式英语之鉴》和《非文学翻译理论与实践》
3、从网上摘录的
当然要想练好笔译这一真功夫，了解这些还只是前提，必须重视英语词汇积累和写作技能训练，尽可能地提高自己的实际翻译能力。结合自己的摸索、他人的经验、老师的教导，总结如下一些心得体会：
1、对于一门语言，要有良好的语感，兴趣是最好的开始，这样才能熬过一个枯燥的过程。培养语感和兴趣的方法很多，也可以很轻松，例如看电影、读书、读小说等。
2、翻译是分专业的，不是一个会语言的人就能够做好任一行业的翻译，要深入到这个行业，了解行业的上游、阶段、终端的知识，对翻译很有用，掌握行业术语，尤其是技术性翻译，不了解的话，自己翻译出来之后自己都看不懂，外国人更无法看懂。
3、选择好行业，最好是自己喜欢的，但有很多时候是被迫的，看机遇和自己的水平了。
4、要有足够的词汇量，这样才能让你游刃有余，否则很难长进，俞敏洪就是一个例子，掌握了7、8万词汇，还有什么东西能难住呢。
5、娴熟的语法知识。这个重点在笔译的时候会有充分的证明，熟练的语法知识让你能够保证句子结构的准确性和完整性，这点我们都要下功夫。
6、实践的机会。要抓住每次能够锻炼的机会，成长也就是在这样的磨练下获得的，怕丢脸，那就不要让语言进步了，做与不做全在自己。每个行业的难度不同，经贸行业相对简单，技术性较强的行业需要投入到更多的时间和训练的机会。一般情况下，3-8年的磨练会成为专家和高手，这取决于个人的努力。
7、坚持。高手的练成需要坚持与毅力。如同长跑，很多人坚持不下去，所以语言学不好，坚持下去了就是对自己的突破，就是成功的开始。
8、专业的限制。语言是交流的工具，不是只有学语言的同志们才能从事，非语言专业的只能看着。有很多优秀的翻译确是非语言专业的，应该看到优势的一点，非语言专业对行业的理解力更强些，不会只局限于语言。对翻译内容的理解更为有深度，这是优势，劣势当然也很明显，这需要翻译自己去弥补。
9、多阅读，多积累。只有知识量足够大，才能在翻译时将知识信手拈来。
优秀翻译的训练，如同习武，非一朝一夕能够练就。需要努力、实践、努力、实践这样一个成长的过程。参加了这次考试我反思了很多，不够努力就要用心。在有限的时间内激发体内的潜能，这个我们每个人都要做的。心中格局的建立决定了我们人生的高度，决定了我们水平的高度。笔译之路任重而道远，我相信我会一直走下去。
曾国藩曾说：“吾辈读书，一者进德之事，讲求诚正修齐之道，以图无忝所生；一者修业之事，操习乎记诵词章之术，以图自卫其身。”
英语对于我来说就曾大人提到的这两方面均有涉及，于情于理，终有一日我若为鱼她便为水。
商务英语口语900句中英文对照中文翻译 Unit 1希望与要求 Part 1 . 1. We'd like to express our desire to establish business relationship with you on the basis of quality, mutually benefit and exchange of needed goods . 我们希望在保证质量、互惠互利以及交易彼此需要的货物的基础上和你们建立业务关系。 2 .In order to extend our export business to your country we wish to enter direct business relations with you. 为了扩大我们在贵国的出口业务，我们希望和你们建立直接贸易关系。 3. Our hope is to establish mutually beneficial trading relations between us . 希望在我们之间能够建立互惠互利的贸易关系。 4. We looking forward to further extensions of pleasant business relations. 我们期待进一步保持愉快的业务关系。 5. It’s our hope to continue with considerable business dealing with you. 我们的希望是和你们保持可观的生意往来。 6. We looking forward to receiving your quotation very soon. 我们期待尽快收到你们的报价单。 7.I hope you see from the reduction that we are really doing our utmost. 我希望你能够看到我们事实上已经作出了最大程度的让价。 8.We hope to discuss business with you at your earliest convenience. 我们希望在你方便的时候和你洽谈业务。
英语翻译二级笔译实务模拟试题及答案解析（15） (1/1)Section ⅠEnglish-Chinese Translation Translate the following two passages into Chinese. Part A Compulsory Translation 第1题 This week and next, governments, international agencies and nongovernmental organizations are gathering in Mexico City at the World Water Forum to discuss the legacy of global Mulhollandism in water—and to chart a new course. They could hardly have chosen a better location. Water is being pumped out of the aquifer on which Mexico City stands at twice the rate of replenishment. The result: the city is subsiding at the rate of about half a meter every decade. You can see the consequences in the cracked cathedrals, the tilting Palace of Arts and the broken water and sewerage pipes. Every region of the world has its own variant of the water crisis story. The mining of groundwaters for irrigation has lowered the water table in parts of India and Pakistan by 30 meters in the past three decades. As water goes down, the cost of pumping goes up, undermining the livelihoods of poor farmers. What is driving the global water crisis? Physical availability is part of the problem. Unlike oil or coal, water is an infinitely renewable resource, but it is available in a finite quantity. With water use increasing at twice the rate of population growth, the amount available per person is shrinking—especially in some of the poorest countries. Challenging as physical scarcity may be in some countries, the real problems in water go deeper. The 20th-century model for water management was based on a simple idea: that water is an infinitely available free resource to be exploited, dammed or diverted without reference to scarcity or sustainability. Across the world, water-based ecological systems—rivers, lakes and watersheds—have been taken beyond the frontiers of ecological sustainability by policy makers who have turned a blind eye to the consequences of over-exploitation. We need a new model of water management for the 21st century. What does that mean? For starters, we have to stop using water like there's no tomorrow—and that means using it more efficiently at levels that do not destroy our environment. The buzz-phrase at the Mexico Water forum is "integrated water resource management." What it means is that governments need to manage the private demand of different users and manage this precious resource in the public interest. 下一题 (1/1)Section ⅡChinese-English Translation This section consists of two parts, Part A—"Compulsory Translation" and Part B— "Choice of Two Translations" consisting of two sections "Topic 1" and "Topic 2". For the passage in Part A and your choice of passages in Part B, translate the underlined portions, including titles, into English. Above your translation of Part A, write "Compulsory Translation" and above your translation from Part B, write "Topic 1" or "Topic 2". 第2题 能源是人类社会赖以生存和发展的重要物质基础。纵观人类社会发展的历史，人类文明的每一次重大进步都伴随着能源的改进和更替。能源的开发利用极大地推进了世界经济和人类社会的发展。
英语翻译二级口译综合能力模拟试题及答案解析（2） (1~5/共25题)Part Ⅲ Listen to the following longer passages and then choose the best answer to each of the questions by blackening the corresponding circle. You may need to scribble a few notes in order to answer the questions satisfactorily. There are 20 questions in this part of the test, two points for each question. Passage One Play00:0002:53 Volume 第1题 Which country exerts most efforts in educational reform? A.America. B.Germany. C.Britain. D.Estonia. 第2题 What has Britain done in its structural reform? A.It has put emphasis on the Charter schools. B.It has gotten rid of the under-performing school. C.It has established a database. D.It has made schools independent of local government. 第3题 Why have academy pupils′ results been improved faster? A.More state-funded schools have the power of autonomy. B.About 4, 000 secondary schools have been set free. C.The academy program gives schools more autonomy. D.Academy schools could design the curriculum on their own. 第4题 What can be inferred from the example of the pass-rate? A.The huge progress has been made in 16 years ago. B.The academies program has yielded great success. C.India and Kenya will follow the step of Britain. D.The ARK academy chain is a variety of the academic program. 第5题 What is the biggest concern of Mr. Gove? A.His working style. B.His staff. C.His election. D.The momentum of the program. 下一题 (6~10/共25题)Part Ⅲ Listen to the following longer passages and then choose the best answer to each of the questions by blackening the corresponding circle. You may need to scribble a few notes in order to answer the questions satisfactorily. There are 20 questions in this part of the test, two points for each
PLC论文中英文对照资料外文翻译文献 外文资料: PLC technique discussion and future development Along with the development of the ages, the technique that is nowadays is also gradually perfect, the competition plays more more strong; the operation that list depends the artificial has already can't satisfied with the current manufacturing industry foreground, also can't guarantee the request of the higher quantity and high new the image of the technique business enterprise. The people see in produce practice, automate brought the tremendous convenience and the product quantities for people up of assurance, also eased the personnel's labor strength, reduce the establishment on the personnel. The target control of the hard realization in many complicated production lines, whole and excellent turn, the best decision etc., well-trained operation work, technical personnel or expert, governor but can judge and operate easily, can acquire the satisfied result. The research target of the artificial intelligence makes use of the calculator exactly to carry out, imitate these intelligences behavior, moderating the work through person's brain and calculators, with the mode that person's machine combine, for resolve the very complicated problem to look for the best path We come in sight of the control that links after the electric appliances in various situation, that is already the that time generation past, now of after use in the mold a perhaps simple equipments of grass-roots control that the electric appliances can do for the low level only;And the PLC emergence also became the epoch-making topic, adding the vivid software control through a very and stable hardware, making the automation head for the new high tide. The PLC biggest characteristics lie in: The electrical engineering teacher already no longer electric hardware up too many calculationses of cost, as long as order the importation that the button switch or the importation of the sensors order to link the PLC up can solve problem, pass to output to order the conjunction contact machine or control the start equipments of the
翻译二级笔译实务模拟28 (总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、Section Ⅰ English-Chinese Translation(总题数：0，分数：0.00) 二、Compulsory Translation(总题数：1，分数：30.00) 1.This week and next, governments, international agencies and nongovernmental organizations are gathering in Mexico City at the World Water Forum to discuss the legacy of global Mulhollandism in water—and to chart a new course. They could hardly have chosen a better location. Water is being pumped out of the aquifer on which Mexico City stands at twice the rate of replenishment. The result: the city is subsiding at the rate of about half a meter every decade. You can see the consequences in the cracked cathedrals, the tilting Palace of Arts and the broken water and sewerage pipes. Every region of the world has its own variant of the water crisis story. The mining of groundwaters for irrigation has lowered the water table in parts of India and Pakistan by 30 meters in the past three decades. As water goes down, the cost of pumping goes up, undermining the livelihoods of poor farmers. What is driving the global water crisis? Physical availability is part of the problem. Unlike oil or coal, water is an infinitely renewable resource, but it is available in a finite quantity. With water use increasing at twice the rate of population growth, the amount available per person is shrinking—especially in some of the poorest countries. Challenging as physical scarcity may be in some countries, the real problems in water go deeper. The 20th-century model for water management was based on a simple idea: that water is an infinitely available free resource to be exploited, dammed or diverted without reference to scarcity or sustainability. Across the world, water-based ecological systems—rivers, lakes and watersheds—have been taken beyond the frontiers of ecological sustainability by policy makers who have turned a blind eye to the consequences of over-exploitation. We need a new model of water management for the 21st century. What does that mean? For starters, we have to stop using water like there"s no tomorrow—and that means using it more efficiently at levels that do not destroy our environment. The buzz-phrase at the Mexico Water forum is "integrated water resource management." What it means is that governments need to manage the private demand of different users and manage this precious resource in the public interest. （分数：30.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：() 解析：本周，世界水论坛在墨西哥城开幕，论坛将一直持续到下周。来自政府、国际机构和非政府组织的代表们齐聚一堂，探讨全球用水遗留问题，共商未来用水大计。 会议选址墨西哥城再合适不过。墨西哥城地下蓄水层的开采速度是地下水补给速度的2倍，由此造成墨西哥城以10年50厘米的速度不断下沉，现在，这里的许多教堂出现裂隙，艺术宫日益倾斜，水管和排污管道开裂。 世界上每个地区都面临水危机，只不过表现形式不同而已。在过去30年间，印度和巴基斯坦的部分地区大肆开采地下水用于农业灌溉，致使水位下降了30米，开采成本随之升高，给当地贫苦农民的生计带来严重影响。 全球水危机的成因是什么?部分原因是实际可用水资源短缺。水不同于石油或煤炭，是一种无限可再生资源，但是可用水资源却十分有限。目前，用水增加速度是人口增速的2倍，人均可用水资源在不断减少，一些最不发达国家尤其如此。
英语翻译二级笔译综合能力模拟试题及答案解析（7） (1/20)Vocabulary Selection In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 第1题 All the students of this university have free________to the Internet via a broadband connection. A.access B.entrance C.permission D.passageway 下一题 (2/20)Vocabulary Selection In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 第2题 We can find a full______of his political belief in his newly-published books. https://www.doczj.com/doc/419365902.html,position B.exposition C.deposition D.disposition 上一题下一题 (3/20)Vocabulary Selection In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 第3题 He was always finding________with his daughter′s friends. A.blame B.error C.mistake D.fault 上一题下一题 (4/20)Vocabulary Selection In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. 第4题 This silk has gone right ________ and we have not sold a single piece of it for weeks.
例1.Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be, rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence and manipulating（操纵） others . They are aware that there is a difference between being loved and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask. 1.dedicate to 把时间，精力用于 2.pretence 虚伪，虚假 6 ．1 斤斤于字比句次，措辞生硬 例2.Solitude is an excellent laboratory in which to observe the extent to which manners and habits are conditioned by others. My table manners are atrocious( 丑恶)—in this respect I've slipped back hundreds of years in fact, I have no manners whatsoever（完全，全然）. If I feel like it, I eat with my fingers, or out of a can, or standing up —in other words, whichever is easiest. 孤独是很好的实验室，正好适合观察一个人的举止和习惯在多大程度上受人制约。如今我吃东西的举止十分粗野；这方面一放松就倒退了几百年，实在是一点礼貌也没有。我高兴就用手抓来吃，（eat out of a can）开个罐头端着吃，站着吃；反正怎么省事就怎么吃。 3.Whatsoever 完全，全然 1.Be conditioned by 受……制约 2.Atrocious 丑恶 6 ．2 结构松散，表达过于口语化 例3．有一次，在拥挤的车厢门口，我听见一位男乘客客客气气地问他前面的一位女乘客：“您下车吗？”女乘客没理他。“您下车吗？”他又问了一遍。女乘客还是没理他。他耐不住了，放大声问：“下车吗？”，那女乘客依然没反应。“你是聋子，还是哑巴？”他急了，捅了一下那女乘客，也引起了车厢里的人都往这里看。女乘客这时也急了，瞪起一双眼睛，回手给了男乘客一拳。（庄绎传，英汉翻译教程，1999 ：练习 3 ） 译文1：Once at the crowded door of the bus, I heard a man passenger asked politely a woman passenger before him: “Are you getting off?” The woman made no
中英文对照资料外文翻译文献 平设计任何时期平面设计可以参照一些艺术和专业学科侧重于视觉传达和介绍。采用多种方式相结合，创造和符号，图像和语句创建一个代表性的想法和信息。平面设计师可以使用印刷，视觉艺术和排版技术产生的最终结果。平面设计常常提到的进程，其中沟通是创造和产品设计。共同使用的平面设计包括杂志，广告，产品包装和网页设计。例如，可能包括产品包装的标志或其他艺术作品，举办文字和纯粹的设计元素，如形状和颜色统一件。组成的一个最重要的特点，尤其是平面设计在使用前现有材料或不同的元素。平面设计涵盖了人类历史上诸多领域，在此漫长的历史和在相对最近爆炸视觉传达中的第20和21世纪，人们有时是模糊的区别和重叠的广告艺术，平面设计和美术。毕竟，他们有着许多相同的内容，理论，原则，做法和语言，有时同样的客人或客户。广告艺术的最终目标是出售的商品和服务。在平面设计，“其实质是使以信息，形成以思想，言论和感觉的经验”。
在唐朝（618-906 ）之间的第4和第7世纪的木块被切断打印纺织品和后重现佛典。阿藏印在868是已知最早的印刷书籍。在19世纪后期欧洲，尤其是在英国，平面设计开始以独立的运动从美术中分离出来。蒙德里安称为父亲的图形设计。他是一个很好的艺术家，但是他在现代广告中利用现代电网系统在广告、印刷和网络布局网格。于1849年，在大不列颠亨利科尔成为的主要力量之一在设计教育界，该国政府通告设计在杂志设计和制造的重要性。他组织了大型的展览作为庆祝现代工业技术和维多利亚式的设计。从1892年至1896年威廉?莫里斯凯尔姆斯科特出版社出版的书籍的一些最重要的平面设计产品和工艺美术运动，并提出了一个非常赚钱的商机就是出版伟大文本论的图书并以高价出售给富人。莫里斯证明了市场的存在使平面设计在他们自己拥有的权利，并帮助开拓者从生产和美术分离设计。这历史相对论是，然而，重要的，因为它为第一次重大的反应对于十九世纪的陈旧的平面设计。莫里斯的工作，以及与其他私营新闻运动，直接影响新艺术风格和间接负责20世纪初非专业性平面设计的事态发展。谁创造了最初的“平面设计”似乎存在争议。这被归因于英国的设计师和大学教授Richard Guyatt，但另一消息来源于20世纪初美国图书设计师William Addison Dwiggins。伦敦地铁的标志设计是爱德华约翰斯顿于1916年设计的一个经典的现代而且使用了系统字体设计。在20世纪20年代，苏联的建构主义应用于“智能生产”在不同领域的生产。个性化的运动艺术在2俄罗斯大革命是没有价值的，从而走向以创造物体的功利为目的。他们设计的建筑、剧院集、海报、面料、服装、家具、徽标、菜单等。J an Tschichold 在他的1928年书中编纂了新的现代印刷原则，他后来否认他在这本书的法西斯主义哲学主张，但它仍然是非常有影响力。Tschichold ，包豪斯印刷专家如赫伯特拜耳和拉斯洛莫霍伊一纳吉，和El Lissitzky 是平面设计之父都被我们今天所知。他们首创的生产技术和文体设备，主要用于整个二十世纪。随后的几年看到平面设计在现代风格获得广泛的接受和应用。第二次世界大战结束后，美国经济的建立更需要平面设计，主要是广告和包装等。移居国外的德国包豪斯设计学院于1937年到芝加哥带来了“大规模生产”极简到美国;引发野火的“现代”
醉翁之意不在酒 最近，美国的一些高级经济官员宣称，人民币兑美元的价值被低估了，因此人民币应该升值。这一说法的根据是：中国的外汇储备已达约3500亿美元，而中国拥有的美国政府债券已经超过1220亿美元。从这个意义上说，中国已成为美国的最大债权国之一，已经占了上风。美国政府的这种担心不难理解。曾几何时，美国把日本当做替罪羊，说是日本人抢走了美国人的饭碗。然后又指责墨西哥。现在又指控说中国人做事不公，以廉价的币值和较低的单位成本向美国出口产品。 在此情况下，美国的高价产品滞销，美国工厂的库存积压，其结果是工人失业，甚至工厂关闭。所以，中国的经济政策应对美国的失业问题负责。此种论调根本站不住脚。如果美国的消费者不购买廉价的中国产品，则需购买高价的同类产品。因此，购买中国产品可省下钱来购买更多的由美国生产的资本密集型或知识密集型产品。实际情况是，中国向美国出口低价商品可以增加美国人的实际收入。由此看来，美国政府对中国一而再、再而三地抱怨完全是醉翁之意不在酒。 What Are They Driving At? Recently, some top U. S. economic officials argue that the RMB yuan is undervalued vis-à-vis the U. S. dollar. Therefore, it is time for the yuan to appreciate. The basis for their argument is that China has accumulated about $350 billion in foreign-currency reserves and over $122 billion in U. S. government bonds. China has, it that sense, become one of the biggest creditors to the United States, which has given China an upper hand over the United States. It is not difficult to understand why the United States has such a worry. It was not too long ago that the Japanese were made the scapegoat of the Amerians. They were accused of taking American jobs. The the Mexicans were accused. Now they have found another accusation, saying that the Chineses are not fair – they go about exporting to the U.S. by taking advantage of a cheap yuan which means lower unit costs of Chinese goods. Such being the case, higher priced American goods are not selling well, and inventories build up at U. S. factories, and the result is layoffs or, even worse, plant closings. Therefore, it is agued that China’s economic policies are responsible for the job losses in the U.S.. An argument of this kind can hardly hold water. American consumers either buy Chinese low priced goods or go elsewhere to buy them at higher prices. Since purchases of Chinese goods can save money, it means the Americans can make more purchases of the more capital or knowledge intensive goods manufactured in the United States. The fact of the matter is that the cheap Chinese-made exports into the United States can actually increase the real income of American consumers. It is obvious that the U. S. was making a left-handed complaint for ulterior puposes by harping on the “undervalued” RMB.
此文档下载后即可编辑 机械专业英语词汇中英文对照翻译一览表陶瓷ceramics 合成纤维synthetic fibre 电化学腐蚀electrochemical corrosion 车架automotive chassis 悬架suspension 转向器redirector 变速器speed changer 板料冲压sheet metal parts 孔加工spot facing machining 车间workshop 工程技术人员engineer 气动夹紧pneuma lock 数学模型mathematical model 画法几何descriptive geometry 机械制图Mechanical drawing 投影projection 视图view 剖视图profile chart 标准件standard component 零件图part drawing 装配图assembly drawing 尺寸标注size marking 技术要求technical requirements 刚度rigidity 内力internal force 位移displacement 截面section 疲劳极限fatigue limit
断裂fracture 塑性变形plastic distortion 脆性材料brittleness material 刚度准则rigidity criterion 垫圈washer 垫片spacer 直齿圆柱齿轮straight toothed spur gear 斜齿圆柱齿轮helical-spur gear 直齿锥齿轮straight bevel gear 运动简图kinematic sketch 齿轮齿条pinion and rack 蜗杆蜗轮worm and worm gear 虚约束passive constraint 曲柄crank 摇杆racker 凸轮cams 共轭曲线conjugate curve 范成法generation method 定义域definitional domain 值域range 导数\\微分differential coefficient 求导derivation 定积分definite integral 不定积分indefinite integral 曲率curvature 偏微分partial differential 毛坯rough 游标卡尺slide caliper 千分尺micrometer calipers 攻丝tap 二阶行列式second order determinant