高二英语语法复习---非谓语动词
一. 本次学习内容：
语法复习：
非谓语动词做名词的定语
There be句型中的非谓语动词的使用
With+名词+补足语
二. 知识总结与归纳：
（一）非谓语动词（to do; doing; done）做名词的定语
修饰一个名词除了后面用定语从句以外，还可以用doing短语，done短语，being done短语，to be done短语修饰。其结构和意思如下：
1. 被修饰名词+doing短语：正在做……的人/正在发生的事。
2. 被修饰名词+ done短语：被……的人/事
3. 被修饰名词+being done短语：正在被……的人/事
4. 被修饰名词+ to be done短语：将要被……的人/事
请看下面几个定语从句以及句中定语从句的简化表达：
1. The man who is sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.
The man sitting on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.
2. The letter that was mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.
The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.
3. The question that is being discussed is very important.
The question being discussed is very important.
4. You are welcome to a party which is to be given in our class at 7:4
5.
You are welcome to a party to be given in our class at 7:45.
总结：以上做定语的那些短语就是英语语法中所说的分词，不定式的各种形式作定语。
1. 这些短语作定语应放在被修饰名词的后面。如果单独一个现在分词V-ing或过去分词V-ed形式作定语，则可以放在被修饰名词前面。
2. 分词作定语时，其动作应与全句动作同时发生。现在分词V-ing表示主动意义和正在做，过去分词V-ed表示被动意义。being done表示正在被做的。
3. 不定式(to do)作定语表示将要发生的，to be done表示将要被做的。
例句：
1. Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China.
2. A bridge connecting Asia with North America across the Bering Strait could be a critical link in the proposed global highway which would allow people to travel overland to anywhere in the world.
3. A driver starting off in the evening on the Russian side would arrive in Alaska on the morning of that same day, effectively traveling many hours back in time.
注意：还有一些结构已经形成了固定的短语：doing/done+名词
如：
the fallen leaves a washing machine
spoken English /written English a dressing mirror a waiting room
the coming year boiled water / boiling water等
（二）There be句型中的非谓语动词的使用：
There be + 名词+ to do：有……要做
+doing：有……正在做/发生
+done：有……被……
There is nothing to worry about.
There are birds singing in the tree.
（三）用with/without短语做伴随状语。结构如下：
with/without+名词+ doing 短语
+done短语
+to do 短语
介词短语/副词
例句：
1. Tom went away, without a word spoken.
2. Most of houses were built of bricks made of dried mud, with a roof supported by palm tree trunks.
3. He lay on his back, with his hands behind his head.
4. The silence was suddenly broken when a large car , with its headlights on and its horn blaring, roared down the arcade.
【典型例题】
一. 单项选择：
1. With a lot of difficult problems _____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled
B. settling
C. to settle
D. being settled
分析：With a lot of difficult problems _____ 意思是“有这么多难题要解决，”因此使用with+名词+to do 形式。
答案：C
2. How many of us_____, say, a meeting that is not important to us would be interested in the discussion?
A. attended
B. attending
C. to attend
D. have attended
分析：根据句意：比如说，我们当中参加一个对我们毫不重要的会议的人会有多少人对这个讨论感兴趣呢？_____, say, a meeting that is not important to us修饰How many of us做定语与全句动作同步。
答案：B
3. Don’t you think the question _____ tomorrow is of great importance.
A. being discussed
B. discussed
C. to be discussed
D. to discuss
分析：难道你不觉得明天要讨论的问题很重要吗？_____ tomorrow做定语修饰名词the question，表示：“将要被讨论的……”用to be done 结构做定语。
答案：C
4. The picture ____ on the wall is painted by my nephew.
A. having hung
B. hanging
C. hangs
D. being hung
分析：The picture ____ on the wall：挂在墙上的画。Hang在句中是不及物动词。hanging做picture的定语。答案：B
二. 翻译句子：
1. Though there is much to be concerned about, there is far, far more for which to be thankful.
答案：尽管人生有许多烦扰，但更多的是感恩。
2. The Amazon has over a thousand tributaries feeding into it. The entire river system is the size of North America.
答案：亚马孙河由一千多条支流汇交而成。整个水系覆盖的面积如北美洲一样大。
3. There is every reason to be hopeful about the future. As I make visits around the country, I see at first hand the effort being made to bring communities together.
答案：我们有理由对未来充满希望。在我巡视全国时，我亲眼看到人们为团结各社群而正在进行的努力。4. There is certainly much more to be done and many challenges to be overcome.
答案：我们要做的事还有很多，要战胜的挑战也很多。
5. They all need to be reassured that there is so much to be gained by reaching out to others.
答案：他们都需要重新树立观点：了解他人受益匪浅。
6. The implication drawn by Jesus is clear. Everyone is our neighbor—no matter what race, creed or color. The need to look after a fellow human being is far more important than any cultural or religious differences.
答案：耶酥要传达的寓意十分清楚。无论何种民族，信仰和肤色，每一个人都是我们的邻居。照顾每个人的需要远远重要于任何文化和宗教上的分歧。
【模拟试题】（答题时间：50分钟）
一. 单项选择：
1. The missing boy were last seen _____near the river.
A. playing
B. to be plying
C. play
D. to play
2. Who did the teacher have ____ an article for the wall newspaper just now ?
A. writing
B. write
C. to write
D. written
3. They would not allow him ___ across the enemy line.
A. to risk going
B. risking going
C. for risk going
D. risk going
4. —Where should I send my form ?
—The Personal office is the place ____.
A. for sending it
B. to send it to
C. to send
D. to send it
5. The students, ____ at the way the question was put, didn’t know how to answer it.
A. being surprised
B. surprising
C. surprised
D. having surprised
6. He is lying in bed, with his eyes looking at the ceilings and his hands ____ behind his head.
A. to cross
B. crossing
C. cross
D. crossed
7. The old man was moved by what she said, with tears ___ up in his eyes.
A. welling
B. welled
C. rolling
D. rolled
二. 阅读理解：
“A band plays in Lumley Park every Sunday afternoon. I often attend these open-air concerts if the weather is fine, because I find it a very restful way of passing time, and because the band plays many kinds of music: dance music, marching music, anything with a tune you can whistle; you know what I mean.”
“One Sunday, there was a blind girl in the front row of the audience, just behind the band-leader. She must have been about fourteen or fifteen years of age, I should think. She had been sitting down until about halfway through the programme, when the band started to play ‘The Blue Danube’by Johan Strauss. I’d never heard them play this particular piece before; and there was something magical about the way they played it then. They’d only played a few bars when this blind girl stood up and began waving her arms about in time to the music, just as the band-leader himself was doing.
“After a while, I could see that more and more members of the band were watching the bind girl instead of the band-leader. And the leader must have noticed this himself, because he turned round and watched her, and saw that she was keeping perfect time. He was a very thoughtful man, that band-leader; I took my hat off to him. He moved to one side little by little, so that the band could see the blind girl better, and after a while he stopped conducting altogether. The band knew the piece quite well, of course, so things weren’t likely to go seriously wrong.
But she kept time beautifully, and she made it clear when she wanted certain passages to be loud or soft, just as the band-leader himself had done. Since then, to be quite honest, I’ve never heard ‘The Blue Danube’played better anywhere.
“I have seldom heard an audience clap more loudly than that audience, when the music was over. I should think they must have heard the noise on the other side of the town. When the blind girl sat down, even from where I was sitting I could see that there were tears running down her face.”
“And she wasn’t the only one in that audience who was crying, I can tell you.”
1. The speaker thought that attending the Sunday afternoon concerts is a pleasure because ____.
A. a band plays music in Lumley Park.
B. He could pass the time in a peaceful way in good weather
C. His favourite music could be played by the band in the open air
D. All the above
2. When the band was playing “The Blue Danube”, a blind girl who was sitting in the front row behind the band-leader____.
A. stood up to play with the band
B. stood up and waved her arms to keep perfect time by herself
C. played just as the band-leader was doing
D. listened to the particular piece “The blue Danube”
3. While the blind girl was waving her hands to keep time, _____.
A. many more members of the band were still watching their and-leader
B. the band-leader stopped conducting after a while and took off her hat to the girl
C. the band kept playing wonderfully even without their band-leader
D. the audience preferred the blind girl to the band-leader
4. From what the speaker said, it can be inferred that _____.
A. he not only respected the band-leader but also thought highly of the blind girl
B. he thought the blind girl was doing better than the band-leader
C. he regarded the band as the first class band even without anyone conducting
D. with the blind girl conducting, the concert was much more wonderful
三. 短文改错：
Many children have a birthday cake with candle on their birthday. 1. ______
In some countries, like England and Scotland, there are another custom, 2. ______
too. There are people spank（拍打）or hit the child on his/her birthday. 3. ______
This may hurt a little, and they say it is very lucky for the child. The 4. ______
child must never cry. The custom sys that if you cry, you cry all year. 5. ______
The reason for birthday spanks is to make the bad spirits go 6. ______
away. The hard you spank the better it is. In Belgium, another 7. ______
country in Europe, the custom is a little difference. There a parent 8. ______
goes into the child room early in the morning with a needle（针）9. ______
As soon as the child woke up, the parent pricks（刺）the child 10. _____
with the needle. This is for good luck.
[参考答案]
一. 单项选择：
1. A
解析：那个失踪的男孩最后依次被看见正在河边玩。see sb. doing 的被动结构：sb. be seen doing.
2. B
解析：老师让谁写稿。have sb. do sth.：让某人做某事。
3. A
解析：allow sb to do sth.：允许某人做某事。risk doing：冒险做某事。
4. B
解析：the place ____：把表格送到的地方。send the form to the place
5. C
解析：surprised at the way the question was put形容词短语做定语。
6. D
解析：双手交叉在脑后。cross 与hand为动宾关系。With +名词+done结构。
7. A
解析：with tears ___ up in his eyes：指眼泪夺眶而出。well：涌出。与tears是主动关系。
二. 阅读理解：
1. D
解析：题干中的关键部分：出席周日下午的音乐会是一种乐趣的原因是……。根据第一段……if the weather was fine, because ….a very restful way of passing time, and because the band plays many kinds of music; dance music, marching music, anything with a tune you can whistle…可知A，B，C均符合题义。
2. B
解析：题干的关键：坐在前排即指挥后面的那位失明的女孩….。根据第二段最后两行…“this blind girl stood up and began waving her arms about in time to the music, just as the band-leader himself was doing.”…
3. C
解析：此题是判断“女孩打拍子时，乐队成员，乐队指挥，乐队和观众的表现。仔细阅读第三段，特别是最后四行The band knew the piece quite well, of course, so things weren’t likely to go seriously wrong. But she kept time beautifully, and she made it clear when she wanted certain passages to be loud or soft, just as the band-leader himself had done. Since then, to be quite honest, I’ve never heard ‘The Blue Danube’played better anywhere.可以排除A，B，D。
4. A
解析：这是在总结作者的思想；根据第三段描述指挥“he was a very thoughtful man,”和最后两段可以得出结论：作者对小女孩和乐队指挥都给予了高度评价。
三. 短文改错：
Many children have a birthday cake with candle on their birthday. 1. candles
In some countries, like England and Scotland, there are another custom, 2. is
too. There are people spank（拍打）or hit the child on his/her birthday. 3.去掉are
This may hurt a little, and they say it is very lucky for the child. The 4. _but_
child must never cry. The custom says that if you cry, you ∧cry all year. 5. will
The reason for birthday spanks is to make the bad spirits go 6.√
away. The hard you spank the better it is. In Belgium, another 7. harder
country in Europe, the custom is a little difference. There a parent 8. different
goes into the child room early in the morning with a needle（针）. 9. child’s
As soon as the child woke up, the parent pricks（刺）the child 10. wakes
按：本套资料省去了名词、代词、形容词等部分，保留了最最核心的句型和动词。希望能有所帮助。 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一．主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 - b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型） 2. 用it作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that …; It is an honor that…; It is common knowledge that… (2) It is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that…It is strange that… . (3) It is ＋不及物动词＋从句 It seems that…It happened that…It appears that… (4) It ＋过去分词＋从句 It is reported that…It has been proved that…It is said that… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况： （1）if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 （2）It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. ( 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. （5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： ； 正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening 错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely 4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：
（1）表语从句 1．定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导表语从句的关联词的种类： (1) 从属连词that。如： The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 (2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如： He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。 注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如： All this was over twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday. gh能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如： It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。 连接副词 where, when, how, why。 如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 解释： 1．连词because可引导表语从句。如： I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。 2．在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如： My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。（2）主语从句 1．定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导主语从句的关联词有三类： (1) 从属连词that。如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 (2) 从属连词whether。如： Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。 (3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如： What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 Whoever comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。 Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。 解释： 1．主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有： A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如： It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。 B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that
高中英语语法专项练习题<附解析>(一) 1. Ms Nancy didn't mind at all ______ to the ceremony. A. being not invited B. not being invited C. not inviting D. not to be invited 2. "_____ your meeting is!" he offered them his sincere congratulations. A. How a great success B. What a great success C. How great success D. What great success 3. We must remember that _____fashion is not the most important thing in _______ life. A. /; the B. /; / C. the; / D. the; the 4. It _____ quite a few years _____ the accused was declared innocent and set free. A. was; since B. is; that C. will be; when D. was; before 5. The professor said he could talk on _____ interested the audience. A. any topic B. which topic C. whichever topic D. the topic he thought it 1. B 2. B success 名词，保留远动词含义"成功"是不可数名词;如用来代替具体的人(成功者)或具体的事(成功的事情(东西))是可数名词。故排除C,D;A中how是副词，如改成how great a success就是正确的。 3. B 抽象名词不特指时，前不用冠词。 4. D 如将A项中was, since改成is, since是正确的;即从句中谓语先发生。如用B项，是强调句，而强调句前后两个谓语动词在时间上必须一致(a);被强调部分能还回原句中(b)，即因为句中was declared是过去时, B项中is改成was;因为句中was declared是非延续性动词，在years后加上ago将"一段" 时间变成"一点"就是正确的。C项前后时间不一致。 5. C whichever已失去疑问含义，等于 anything that，表示强调; 而 which topic中 which保留疑问含义，译成"哪一个题目"，不符合句义。而A和D中缺少连词。
高中英语语法总结（完整版；高中必看！） 专题一：定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom指人在从句中作宾语 whose指人或物在从句中作定语 as指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 but指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which或of which+the+名词2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个
（2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
（1） In the United States, there were 222 people ____1____ (report) to be billionaires(亿万富翁) in 2003. The ____2_____ of these is Bill Gates, worth at least $ 41 billion, who made his money ____3____ starting the company Microsoft. Mr. Gates was only 21 years old _____4____ he first helped to set up the company in 1976. He was a billionaire _____5___ the time he was 31. ____6____, there are still some other people who have made lots of money at even ____7____ (young) ages. Other young people who have struck it rich include Jackie Coogan and Shirley Temple. ____8____ of these child actors made over a million dollars ___9____ (act) in movies before they were 14. But ___10___ youngest billionaire is Albert von Thurn und T axis of Germany, who, in 2001, inherited (继承) a billion dollars when he turned 18! (2) Finishing their shopping at the mall, a couple discovered that their new car ____1_____ (steal) .They filed a report____2____ the police station and a detective drove them ____3____ to the parking lot to look for evidence. To their ____4____ (amaze), the car had been returned ___5____ there was a note in it that said: “I apologize for taking your car. My wife was having a baby and I had to rush her to the ____6_____. Please forget the inconvenience. There are two tickets ____7____ tonight's Mania Twain concert.” Their faith in humanity restored. The couple attended ____8____ concert. But when they returned home, they immediately found ____9______their house had been ransacked (洗劫). On the bathroom mirror was ____10_____ note: “I have to put my kid through college somehow, don't I?” (3) People _____1___ (live) in different countries made different kinds of words. Today there are about fifteen hundred _____2_____ in the world. Each contains many thousands of words. A very large dictionary, for example, contains four ___3___ five hundred thousand words. But we do not need ____4____ these. To read short stories you need to know only about two thousand words. ____5_____ you leave school, you will learn only one thousand or more. The words you know are called your vocabulary. You should try to make your vocabulary ______6___ (big). Read as many books as we can. There are a lot of books _____7____ (write) in easy English. You will enjoy them. When you meet _____8____ new word, look it ____9_____ in your dictionary. Your dictionary is your _____10_____ (much) useful book. (4) When you are in England you must be very careful in the streets ____1_____ the traffic drives on the left. Before you cross a street you must look to the right first _____2____ then the left. In the morning and in the evening when people go to or come from ____3____, the streets are very busy. Traffic is most ____4___ (danger) then. When you go by bus in England, you have to be careful, ____5____. Always
人教版高二英语语法专项复习（必修5与选修6） 专项1 过去分词 ( ) 1. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, _____ as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known ( ) 2. The disc, digitally _____ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded ( ) 3. — How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? —The key ______ the problem is to meet the demand ______ by the customers. A. to solving; making B. to solving; made C. to solve; making D. to solve; made ( ) 4. When first ______ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced ( ) 5. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ______ at the meeting by my boss. A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned ( ) 6. ______ with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared ( ) 7. The pilot asked all the passengers o n board to remain ____ as the plane was making a landing. A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating ( ) 8. Friendship is like money: easier made than ______. A. kept B. to be kept C. keeping D. being kept ainst the laws get parents _____. ( ) 9. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions ag A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry ( ) 10. —What’s happening in the street? — A group ______ Green Peace are protesting against the summit. A. calls B. called C. calling D. to be called ( ) 11. He had his leg ______ when playing football. A. break B. to break C. breaking D. broken ( ) 12. Your letter ______ Nov. 25 has reached me. A. dated B. dating C. was dated D. which dated ( ) 13. ______ with excitement, the children couldn’t fall asleep. A. To fill B. To be filled C. Filling D. Filled ( ) 14. Even if ______, I won’t go. A. invited B. inviting C. I invited D. he invites ( ) 15. With the homework ______, he was allowed to watch the football match. A. finished B. finishing C. to finish D. to be finished ( ) 16. With his finger ______ to the ______ window, the teacher asked: “Who did that?” A. pointing; broken B. pointed; broken C. pointing; breaking D. pointed; breaking ( ) 17. Your umbrella wants ______. Do you want it ______? A. repairing; repairing B. repairing; repaired C. to repaired; to be repaired D. to be repaired; repairing ( ) 18. ______ to train his son in English, he put an ad like this in the paper ,“_ teacher for a ten-year-o ld boy.” A. Determined;Wanted B. Determined;Wanting C. Determines;Wanted D. Determining;Wanting ( ) 19. The shy girl never speaks unless ______. A. speaking B. spoken C. speaking to D. spoken to
Before the 17th century, most of the native English speakers lived in England. After the 17th century, British people began to move to other ___66___ (country). Gradually, English was spoken there. At present ___67___ (many) people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before. ___68___ (luck), native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English. English ___69___ (change) and developed when cultures met and communicated with each other over the past centuries. The English ___70___ (speak) in England between about AD450 and 1150 was very different ___71___ the modern English we speak today. It was the new settlers that enriched the English language and ___72___ (especial) its vocabulary. The English language was settled by the 19th century ___73___ two big changes in English spelling happened. English now is also spoken as a foreign ___74___second language in South Asia. China may have the ___75___ (large) number of English learners. 66.【答案】countries 【解析】考查名词。country是可数名词，此处由other修饰用复数形式，指其他的国家。故填countries. 67. 【答案】more 【解析】考查比较级。根据句中的than ever before可知含有和以前比较的意思，要用比较级表示更多的人，故填more. 68. 【答案】Luckily 【解析】考查副词。此处单独使用作状语要用副词形式，指“幸运的是”，故填Luckily. 69. 【答案】has changed 【解析】考查时态。根据句意和时间状语over the past centuries可知与现在完成时连用，主语是单数，故填has changed. 70. 【答案】spoken 【解析】考查过去分词。English和动词speak是被动关系，此处是过去分词作定语，故填spoken. 71. 【答案】from 【解析】考查固定短语。be different from“和…不同”，是固定短语。故填from. 72. 【答案】especially 【解析】考查副词。especial是形容词“特殊的，特别的”；especially是副词“尤其，特别”。
人教版高中英语必修二 知识点梳理 ）巩固练习 重点题型（ 常考知识点 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 概念引入： He is a person who never gives up.他是个永远不服输的人。 I found him in the woods,where has a well-known tree. (我是在树林里找到他的，那里有一棵很有名的树。) Our guide,(who was a Frenchman,)was an excellent cook. 我们的导游是个很优秀的厨师，他是个法国人 She was not on the train which arrived just now。 她没在刚刚到达的那辆车上 语法点拨 什么是定语从句？ 修饰主语、宾语、表语的句子就叫做定语从句。引导定语从句的关系词有： 关系代词：who,whom,whose,which,that 关系副词：when,where,why 我们把下面两个句子组合成一个复合句： 1.This is our school.It is beautiful. →This is our school which is beautiful. 2.This is our school.W e study in our school. →This is our school which we study in. →This is our school in which we study. →This is our school where we study. 3.Do you know the r oom?It is made of amber. →Do you know the room which is made of amber? 4.I have read the newspaper.It carries the important news. →I have r ead the newsp aper which carries the important news. 从上述定语从句的组合我们可以看出： 先行词和关系词的关系：关系代词实际上是先行词的复指；关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格。 1.A plane is a machine t hat can fly. the machine=that 2.The boy who brok e the window is called Wangkai. the boy=who 3.The boy whose p arents are working outside was b r oug ht up by his grandfather. the boy’s=whose 【高一英语语法（二）定语从句（二）356521限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句】
第二章句法一、简单句(一) 简单句的五种基本结构题 1 指出下列各句属于哪种基本句型。1．They are students. ( ) 2．The flowers turn red in spring. ( ) 3．The boys laughed. ( ) 4．We study English. ( ) 5．The teacher asked me two questions. ( ) 6．We all call him Xiao Li. ( ) 题 2 同意句改写。 1．Please pass me a cup of tea. Please pass a cup of tea 2．Yesterday my friend gave a nice present me. Yesterday my friend a nice present. 3．Pingping lent Lucy his bike two hours ago. Pingping his bike two hours ago. 4．Uncle Liu showed us some pictures. Uncle Liu pictures . 5．My aunt made a cake for the children yesterday. My aunt made yesterday. 6．Mum has bought her a new skirt. Mum has a new skirt . 题 3 变成否定句，一般疑问句，并作肯定和否定回答。1．This is a bike under the tree. 2．There are some apple trees in front of the house. 3．There was a football match yesterday afternoon. 4．There were some people in the street. 5．There will be a sports meeting next week. 6．There is going to be an English film this evening. 7．There is something wrong with my watch. 8．She has some story-books. 9．We have a TV set in our house. 题 4 用存在有和所属有的正确形式填空。 1． a picture on the wall? 2．any maps on the back wall? 3．Rose any paper? 4．There some nice picture-books over there. 5．How many people in your family? 6．I some library books. 7．How much paper you? I two pieces of paper. 8．You any sisters. 9．any tea in the cup? Yes, there is some. 10．much rice in the bowl?
语法：是一门研究英语语言构成规律的学科。 词 法 ———— 语法 ————句法 简单句：在句子中只包含一套主谓结构。 并列句：通常由一个连词连接的并列的句子。 复合句：〖大句套小句〗 一气：虚拟语气 二词：非谓语动词、情态动词 三句：名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句 语法 非谓语动词 一、 在句中不能作谓语的动词叫做非谓语动词 二、 啥样呢？ 1. 不定式：To do 2. 动名词：Doing 3. 分词：Done Eg1. The ocean and seas surrounding the islands are deep blue. 围绕着群岛的海洋是深蓝色的 Eg2. My mother ordered the homework to be done. ☆☆非谓语动词的宾补，其逻辑主语为前面宾语 ▲ 方法一：口诀法 非谓语，三要点。 句法 目 的 结 构 形容词 名词 数词 代词 动词 介词 副词 感叹词 冠词 连词 陈述句 疑问句 祈使句 感叹句 简单句 复合句 并列句 时态、语态 非谓语动词 情态动词 词法 名词性从句 状语从句 定语从句
变否定，NOT 前。 哼哈将，时逻关。 七仙女，记心间。 （一） 变否定 （二） 哼哈将 1.动词不定式 主动关系 被动关系 一般式 To do To be done 完成式 To have done To have been done 进行式 To be doing (To be being done) 完成进行式 To have being doing (To have been being done) ▲ 一般式：不定式的动作和谓语动词动作同时发生或在谓语动词之后的动作发生。 A A ：谓语动词 B ：不定式 ▲ 完成式：不定时动作在谓语动词动作之前发生。 A A ：谓语动词 B ：不定式 Eg3. Jay Chou taught us to sing 黄河大合唱 last night. ▲ 进行式：不定时的动作和谓语动词动作同时正在进行 A A ：谓语动词 B ：不定式 Eg4. When his mother entered, the boy pretended to be sleeping. ▲ 完成进行式：不定时的动作在谓语动词动作之前发生，一直持续到谓语动词动作，到谓 语动词动作为止。不定时的动作有可能刚刚结束，还有可能继续延续下去。 A A ：谓语动词 B ：不定式 Eg5. Mr. Zhong is said to have been working as a teacher for 10 years. 时间关系 逻辑关系 B B B B B B B B
虚拟语气在非真实条件句中 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如： If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. ②if省略句 在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首，变成倒装句式。如： If I were at school again, I would study harder. →Were I at school again, I would study harder. @ 如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。 If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. →Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus. 如果你来得早点，你就能赶上公共汽车。 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. →Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨的话，我们就不能登山去了。 ③用介词代替条件状语从句 常用的介词有with, without, but for。如： What would you do with a million dollars (=if you had a million dollars) | 如果你有100万元，你会做什么 We couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time without your help. (=if we hadn’t got your help) 没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。 Without your help, we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time. = But for your help, …
英语语法大全 第一部分：词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is, are, have, see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 如：I‘m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名 词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如： He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接 宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾 语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：He works hard .(他工作努力) 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁)/ He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课)/ The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语) ☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里？) 3、构词法：英语构词法主要有：合成法、派生法和转换法。 1、合成法：如：spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。 2、派生法： (1)派生名词：①动词+er/or②动词+ing③动词+(t)ion④形容词+ness⑤其他,如： inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge (2)派生形容词：①名词+y②名词+ful③动词+ing/ed④friendly⑤dangerous⑥ Chinese; Japanese⑦English⑧French⑨German⑩国名+(i)an如：snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious (3)派生副词：①形容词+ly ②其它,如：slowly, angrily, full→fully, good→well, possible