定义及构成
功能及用法
注意事项
would rather句式
非谓语动词重要句式归纳
定义及构成
功能及用法
注意事项
would rather句式
非谓语动词重要句式归纳
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编辑本段定义及构成
非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有
（1）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用，例如：
They built a garden.
They suggested building a garden.
（2）都可以被状语修饰：
The suit fits him very well.
The suit used to fit him very well.
（3）都有主动与被动, “体”式（一般式；进行式；完成式）的变化。例如：
He was punished by his parents.（谓语动词被动语态）
He avoided being punished by his parents.（动名词的被动式）
We have written the composition.（谓语动词的完成时）
Having written the composition, we handed it in.（现在分词的完成式）
（4）都可以有逻辑主语
（1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后.
例如：
I'm glad to meet you. 很高兴见到你。
He seems to know a lot. 他看起来懂得很多。
We plan to pay a visit. 我们计划花钱去参观。
He wants to be an artist. 他想成为一个艺术家。
The patient asked to be operated on at once. 病人要求马上手术。
The teacher ordered the work to be done. 老师要求完成工作。
（2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如：
The boy pretended to be working hard. 男孩假装工作得很努力。
He seems to be reading in his room. 看起来他正在他的房间里面读书。
（3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如：
I regretted having told a lie. 我后悔我说谎了。
I happened to have seen the film. 我偶然看过这部电影。
He is pleased to have met his friend. 他很高兴能遇上他的朋友。不定式的句法功能：
（1）作主语：
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。
To lose your heart means failure. 灰心意味着失败。
动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如上面两句可用如下形式：
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。
It means failure to lose your heart. 灰心意味着失败。
常用句式有：1、It+be+名词+to do。2、It takes sb.+some time+to do。3、It+be+形容词+of sb +to do。常用
careless,,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly, stupid,wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词，不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语。
（2）作表语：
Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作是打扫大厅。
He appears to have caught a cold. 他似乎感冒了。
（3）作宾语：
常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如：
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. 马
克思发现研究俄国的情况是很重要的。
动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如：
I have no choice but to stay here. 我只能留在这里，别无选择。
He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike. 他上周日除了
修他的自行车什么也没干。
动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如：
He gave us some advice on how to learn English. 他给了我们一
些学英语的建议。
（4）作宾语补足语：
在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复
合宾语：want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.
此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如：
With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema．他有很
多工作要做，所以没去电影院。
有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有
to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to, 如：
I saw him cross the road. 我看见他横过公路。
He was seen to cross the road. 他被我看见横过公路。
（5）作定语：
动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如
下关系：
①动宾关系：
I have a meeting to attend. 我有一个会议要出席。
注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，
应有必要的介词，如：
He found a good house to live in. 他找到了一个居住的好房子。
The child has nothing to worry about. 这个孩子无忧无虑。
What did you open it with? 你用什么打开它？
如果不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词：
He has no place to live. 他无处安身。
This is the best way to work out this problem. 这是解决这个问题的最好办法。
如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者，不定式可用主动式也可用被动式：
Have you got anything to send? 你要送什么东西吗？
Have you got anything to be sent? 你有什么东西需要送吗？
②说明所修饰名词的内容：
We have made a plan to finish the work. 我们制定了一个完成工作的计划。
③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语：
He is the first to get here. 他第一个来到这儿。
（6）作状语：
①表目的：
He worked day and night to get the money. 他夜以继日地工作来赚钱。
She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. 她卖掉了自己的头发来买那条表链。
注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：
wrong：To save money, every means has been tried.
right：To save money, he has tried every means. 为了省钱，他使出了浑身解数。
wrong：To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.
right：To learn English well, he needs a dictionary. 为了学好英语，他需要一本词典。
②表结果(往往是与预期愿望相反的结果意料之外)：常放在never only后
He arrived late only to find the train had gone. 他来晚了，只见火车已经走了。
I visited him only to find him out. 我去拜访他，只见他出去了。
③表原因：常放在形容词后面
They were very sad to hear the news. 他们听到这条新闻非常伤心。
④表程度：
It's too dark for us to see anything. 太暗了，我们什么也看不见。
The question is simple for him to answer. 这问题由他来回答是很简单的。
（7）作目的状语：既可以放在句首，也可以放在句尾
他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。
动名词的句法功能：
（1）作主语：
Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。
Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。
当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。
It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。
（2）作表语：
In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.
在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。
（3）作宾语：
They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。
We have to prevent the air from being polluted.
我们必须阻止空气被污染。
注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it，例如：We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。
要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：
enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid（避免）, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承认），deny（否认）, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒险）, appreciate（感激）, be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help（情不自禁地）, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…（from）,protect…f rom, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like （4）作定语：
He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。
Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗？
（5）作同位语：
The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。
His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged．他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。
现在分词
现在分词：
现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。
现在分词的形式：
否定式：not + 现在分词
（1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成
式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如：They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。
Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业，他开始打篮球。
（2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动
词之前的被动的动作。
The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。
Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.
被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。
现在分词的句法功能：
（1）作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语
放在名词后。
In the following years he worked even harder.
在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.
正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。
现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：in the following years也可用in the years that
followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.
（2）现在分词作表语：
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒。
The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心。
be + doing既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词做表语，它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的
动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。
（3）作宾语补足语：
如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：
see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如：
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？
He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。
（4）现在分词作状语：
①作时间状语：
(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.
在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。
②作原因状语：
Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。
③作方式状语，表示伴随：
He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里，又擦又洗。
④作条件状语：
(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.
要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。
⑤作结果状语：
He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。
⑥作目的状语：
He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。
⑦作让步状语：
Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.
虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。
⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格：
I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head．
我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。
All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.
所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。
Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.
如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。
有时也可用with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+分词形式
With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。
⑨作独立成分：
udging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor.
从外表看，他一定是个演员。
Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来，女孩子更细心。
过去分词及过去分词的句法功能：
过去分词：
过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则
要求，要一一记住。
1．过去分词作定语：
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。
Those selected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。
注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词做
定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
2．过去分词作表语：
The window is broken. 窗户破了。
They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。
注意：be + 过去分词，如果表示状态是系表结构，如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别：
The window is broken.（系表）
The window was broken by the boy.（被动）
有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。如：boiled water（开水）fallen leaves（落叶）
newly arrived goods（新到的货） the risen sun（升起的太阳）the changed world（变了的世界）
这类过去分词有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。
3．过去分词作宾语补足语：
I heard the song sung several times last week.
上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。
有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语：
With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了，他们出
去玩去了。
4．过去分词作状语：
Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.
受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。（表示原因）
Once seen, it can never be forgotten.
一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。（表示时间）
Given more time, I'll be able to do it better.
如果给予更多的时间，我能做得更好。（表示条件）
Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.
虽然被告之有危险，他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。（表示让步）
Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充满了
希望与恐惧，他走进山洞。
典型习题
1．The Olympic Games, ______ in 776 B.C,did’t in clude women players until 1919.
A.first playing
B.to be first played
C.first played
D.to be first playing
析：根据题干，必须选表示被动的选项，故排除A、D；因B选项表“将
要被举行”意，不合题干之用，只有C选项（相当于which was first played）才合用。
2．European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world.
A.making
B.makes
C.made
D.to make
析：B、C是谓语动词，在此不可用。D项to make或表目的，或表“将
要使得”，这都不合题干情景。只有A.making,可作状语，表结果。再举一现在分词作结果状语例：
The bus was held up by the snowstorm,causing the delay.公共汽
车被大风雪所阻，因而耽误了。
3．Little Jim should love ______ to the theatre this evening.
A.to be taken
B.to take
C.being taken
D.taking
析：根据this evening,应选表示将来义的选项，C、D应排除。Take
后无宾语，必然要用被动式，故答案为A。
4．John was made ______ the truck for a week as a punishment.
A.to wash
B.washing
C.wash
D.to be washing
析：根据be made to do sth.句式，可定答案为A。
5．The patient was warned ______ oily food after the operation.
A.to eat not
B.eating not
C.not to eat
D.not eating
析：根据warn sb.(not)to do sth.句式，可排除B、D两项；又根据
非谓语动词的否定式not总是在首位的规律，又可排除A，而定C。
6．——I usually go there by train. ——Why not ______ by boat for a change?
A.to try going
B.trying to go
C.to try and go
D.try going
析：此题可根据why not后直接跟原形动词规律而一举确定正确答案
为D。若将B项改为try to go，则要根据其与try going意义之别来确定答案。依据题干对话内容，乙方是建议甲方尝试乘船变变花样，所以答案
仍为D。
7．______ a reply,he decided to write again.
A.Not receiving
B.Receiving not
C.Not having received
D.Having not received
析：非谓语动词的否定式not应置于首位，B、D皆为错误形式。A项
不能表达先于decided的动作，只有选C项才表没收到信在先，决定再写
信在后，所以C为正确答案。
8．Charles Babbage is generally considered ______ the first computer.
A.to invent
B.inventing
C.to have invented
D.having invented
析：consider表“考虑”意时，其后动词用doing形式，此处不表“考虑”，而表“认为”，这时consider后作宾语补足语或主语补足语多为to do,to have done,to be等形式。据此可排除B、D两个选项。又因A表“要
发明”意，不合题用，只有C表“发明了”意，才合题用，故选C。
9．Most of the artists ______ to the party were from South Africa.
A.invited
B.to invite
C.being invited
D.had been invited
析：“被邀请参加晚会”，应选表被动意的选项，B不可用。D项少引
导词who，也应排除。又因短暂动词的现在分词被动式不可作定语，C也应
排除，只有A.invited(＝who were invited)才是正确答案。
10．The murderer was brought in,with his hands ______ behind his back.
A.being tied
B.having tied
C.to be tired
D.tied
析：B表主动意，应排除。C表“将要被捆绑”，A表“正在被捆绑”
都不合题意，只有D项填入空白才能表达“双手被反绑着”这一意思，符
合题干情景。再看一类似例句：He came in,(with)his head held high.他昂首走了进来。
更多练习
1.______ more attention,the trees could have grown better.
A.To give
B.Having given
C.Given
D.Giving
2.The first textbooks ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A.to be written
B.written
C.being written
D.having written
3.The missing boys were last seen ______ near the river.
A.to play
B.play
C.to be playing
D.playing
4.______ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A.To lose
B.Lost
C.Having lost
D.Losing
5.When passing me he pretended ______ me.
A.to see
B.not having seen
C.to have not seen
D.not to have seen
6.The children insisted ______ there on foot.
A.they going
B.they would go
C.on their going
D.going
7.He still remembers ______ to Shanghai when he was very young.
A.taking
B.being taken
C.taken
D.having taken
8.______ the railway station,we had a break,only ______ the train had left.
A.Arriving at;to find
https://www.doczj.com/doc/3516948774.html,ing to;discovering that
C.On arriving at;finding out
D.Hurrying to;to have found out
9.With the boy ______ the way,we had no trouble ______ the way ______ to Zhongshan Park.
A.leading;finding;leading
B.to lead;found;to lead
C.led;finding;led
D.leading;found;led
10.______ these pictures,I couldn’t help thinking of those days when I was in Being and ______ from the top of a thirty-storeyed building,Beijing looks more beautiful.
A.Seeing;seen
B.Seen;seeing
C.Seeing;seeing
D.Seen;seen
11.I can hardly imagine Peter ______ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
A.to have sailed
B.to sail
C.sailing
D.sail
12.If you wave your book in front of your face,you can feel the air ______ against your face.
A.moved
B.moving
C.moves
D.to move
13.______ is known to all,China will be an ______ and powerful country in 20 or 30 years’ time.
A.That;advancing
B.This;advanced
C.As;advanced
D.It;advancing
14.While shopping,people sometimes can’t help ______ into buying something they don’t really need.
A.persuade
B.persuading
C.being persuaded
D.be persuaded
15.There was terrible noise ______ the sudden burst of light.
A.followed
B.following
C.to be followed
D.being followed
16.Please excuse my ______ in without ______ .
https://www.doczj.com/doc/3516948774.html,e;permitted
https://www.doczj.com/doc/3516948774.html,ing;permitted
https://www.doczj.com/doc/3516948774.html,img;being permitted
D.to come;being permitted
17.______ his head high,the manager walked into the room to attend the meeting ______ then.
A.Holding;being held
B.Held;holding
C.Having held;held
D.Held;to be held
18.——Did you hear her ______ this pop song this time the other day?
——Yes,and I heard this song ______ in English.
A.sing;singing
B.sung;sung
C.sung;singing
D.singing;sung
19.The question ______ now at the meeting is not the question ______ yesterday.
A.discussed;discussed
B.discussing;had discussed
C.being discussed;discussed
D.discussing;discussing
20.With the cooking ______ ,I went on ______ some sewing.
A.done;to do
B.being done;doing
C.to be done;doing
D.to have done;doing
21.It is no use ______ your past mistakes.
A. regretting
B. regret
C. to regret
D. regretted
22.Her husband died in 1980 and had nothing ______ to her,only ______ her five children.
A.left;to leave
B.leaving;leaving
C.leaving;left
D.left;leaving
23.I am very busy.I have a very difficult problem ______ .
A.to work
B.to work out
C.to be worked out
D.to work it out
24.I would appreciate ______ back this affernoon.
A.you to call
B.you call
C.your calling
D.you’re calling
25.Climbing mountains was ______ ,so we all felt ______ .
A.tiring;tired
B.tired;tiring
C.tiring;tiring
D.tired;tired
26.I saw some villagers ______ on the bench at the end of the room.
A.seating
B.seat
C.seated
D.seated themselves
27.She was glad to see her child well ______ care of.
A.take
B.to be taken
C.taken
D.taking
28.It is one of the important problems ______ tomorrow.
A.to solve
B.to be solved
C.solved
D.solving
29.______ maps properly,you need a special pen.
A.Drawn
B.Drawing
C.To draw
D.Be drawing
30.There is a river ______ around our school.
A.to run
B.run
C.running
D.to be running
31.How about the two of us ______ a walk down the garden?
A.to take
B.take
C.taking
D.to be taken
32.I was fortunate to pick up a wallet ______ on the ground on the way back home, but unfortunately for me,I found my colour TV set. ______ when I got home.
A.lying;stolen
https://www.doczj.com/doc/3516948774.html,ying;stealing
https://www.doczj.com/doc/3516948774.html,y;stolen
D.lying;stealing
33.Whth the kind－hearted boy ____ me with my work,I’m sure I’ll be able to spare time ___ with your work.
A.to help;help you out
B.helping;helping you
C.helped;to help you out
D.to help;to help you
34.Greatly movedd by her words, ______ .
A.tears came to his eyes B .he could hardly hold back his tears
C. tears could hardly be held back
D. his eyes were filled with tears.
35.——I hope the children won’t touch the dog.
——I’ve warned them ______ .
A.not
B.not to
C.not touch
D.not do
36.I would love ______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A.to go
B.to have gone
C.going
D.having gone
37.When ______ why he walked in without permission,he just stared at us and said nothing.
A.been asked
B.asked
C.asking
D.to be asked
38.The man kept silent in the room unless ______ .
A.spoken to
B.spoke to
C.spoken
D.to speak
39.He was often listened ______ in the next room.
A.sing
B.sung
C.to sing
D.to to sing
40.Rather than ______ on a crowded bus,he always prefers ______
a bicycle.
A.ride;ride
B.riding;ride
C.ride;to ride
D.to ride;riding
41.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him ______ .
A.not to
B.not to do
C.not do it
D.do not to
42.What’s troubling them is ______ enough experienced workers.
A.that they have to
B.they have not
C.their not having
D.not their having
43.______ his telephone number,she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.
A.Not knowing
B.Knowing not
C.Not having known
D.Having not know
44.Bamboo is used ______ houses in some places .
A.to build
B.to building
C.to be built
D.being built
45.Go on ______ the other exercise after you have finished this one.
A.to do
B.doing
C.with
D.to be doing
46.The day we looked forward to ______ .
https://www.doczj.com/doc/3516948774.html,e
https://www.doczj.com/doc/3516948774.html,ing
C.has come
D.have come
47.Whom would you rather ______ the work?
A.to have to do
B.to have do
C.have to do
D.have do
48.Do you think it any good ______ with him again?
A.to talk
B.talking
C.to talking
D.having talked
49.Sometimes new ideas have to be tested many times before
______ .
A.accepting fully
B.being fully accepted
C.fully accepting
D.fully being accepted
50.The government forbids ______ such bad books.
A.published
B.to publish
C.publish
D.publishing
非谓语动词专练答案
1―5 C B D B D 6―10 C B A A A 11―15 C B C C B 16―20 C A D C A
21―25 A D B C A 26―30 C C B C C 31―35 C A D B B 36―40 B B A D C
41―45 A C A A A 46―50 C D A B D
注意事项
不定式
1．“to” 是不定式符号还是介词，下列短语中的to 都是介词。
agree to object to close to , come to , lead to , refer to ,
equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , look forward to
2．带to 还是不带to
I have no choice but to give in
I cannot do anything but give in
I saw him enter the classroom .
（但是： He was seen to enter the classroom .）
3．动词不定式逻辑主语是由for 作为标记的。但是有时用of .
区别：当使用for时，句中形容词修饰的是不定式；而用of时，句中形容词修饰逻辑主语。
It’s necessary for you to study hard .（necessary 修饰to study hard，表示学习努力是有必要的）
It’s foolish of him to do it .（foolish 修饰逻辑主语him）
与of 连用的形容词有：
good, kind , nice , wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , careful , careless , polite , …
与for连用的通常是一些表示可能性、难易程度、必要性等含义的形
容词：
possible，impossible，easy，hard，difficult，necessary，…
4．后接不定式作宾语的动词有：
want , hope , wish , like , begin , try , need , forget , agree , know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange , dare , decide , determine , fail , manage , offer , prepare , continue , ask , mean , choose , expect etc.
需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语，而要用
it做形式宾语。例如：通常不说We think to obey the laws is important . 而说We think it important to obey the laws .
5. 不定式作宾语补足语时省略to的情况：若不定式前的谓语动词是
使役动词make，let，have（表示“让、使”）、感官动词see，watch，look at，observe， notice，hear，listen to，feel时，不定式符号
to可以省略。这些动词亦可总结为口诀：“三使五看两听一感觉”。例如：Let's （to）go！走吧！
He saw the thief （to）steal a lady’s cel lphone.
注：改为被动句时要把to还原，例如：
The thief was seen to steal a lady’s cellphone.
6．不定式的省略。下列短语中，如果意义明确，常常省略到to 。
want to , wish to ,hope to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to , love to , have to , ought to , need to , used to , be able to
7．不定式作定语，应注意两种关系：
1）动宾关系：
He has a lot of meeting to attend .
Please lend me something to write with .
He is looking for a room to live
He is looking for a room to live in .
He has no money and no place
to live ( in ) .
I think the best way to travel ( by ) is on foot .
There is no time to think ( about ) .
2）主谓关系：
She is always the last ( person) to speak at the meeting .
----I’m going to the post office , f or I have a letter to post . ( 逻辑主语是I )
-------Thank you. But I have no letters to be posted now ( 逻辑主语不是I )
7．不定式作状语，可以有以下几种意义：
1）原因
He is lucky to get here on time .
这种结构中常用的形容词有：
happy , glad , delighted , pleased , sorry , eager , anxious . lucky , fortunate , proud , angry surprised , frightened , disappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy
2) 目的
He came to help me with my maths .
3) 结果
I hurried to get there only to find him out .
The book is too hard for the boy to read .
He is old enough to go to school .
8 . 不定式作补足语
I saw him play in the street just now .
能跟不带to 的不定式作补足语的动词有：
see , feel , hear , listen to , look at , watch , let , have make, observe, notice
注: 当这些词为被动式时，不定式要带to , 如：
He was seen to play in the street just now.
动名词
1．There’s no telling what will happen .
=It’s impossible to tell what will happen .
= No one can tell what will happen .
2．It’s no use talking with him .
It’s no good speaking to them like that .
3．There’s some difficulty ( in ) doing …
在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下单词替换:
trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good time , a hard time 注意以下几个问题：
1．下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别，
forget to do … 忘记要做某事
forget doing… 忘记做过了某事
remember to do…记住要做某事
remember doing …记着曾做过某事
mean to do … 打算要做某事
mean doing … 意味着做了某事
regret to do …（do指代有限的几个词，如say、tell）很抱歉要告诉你…
regret doing … 后悔做过某事
can’t help to do…不能帮助做某事
can’t help doing … 情不自禁做某事
try to do … 尽力去做某事
try doing 试着做某事
learn to do … 学着去做某事
learn doing … 学会做某事
stop to do … 停下来去做（另一件事）
stop doing … 停止做某事
go on to do … 接着做（另外一件事）
go on doing … 继续做某事
used to do … 过去做某事
be used to doing … 习惯做某事
2．动名词作定语与现在分词作定语意义有区别
动名词作定语表达 n+ for doing 的含义
现在分词作定语表达 n+which(who) be doing的含义
如：a sleeping car = a car for sleeping
a running horse = a horse which is running
前者是动名词，后者是现在分词
又如：drinking water , walking stick running water , sleeping boy
3．动名词的逻辑主语：
动名词的逻辑主语为代词或名词的所有格形式。
例如：His coming made us very happy .
4．动名词的语态和时态
5．动名词主动形式表被动的情况：
need doing , want doing , require doing
例如：This room needs painting . 这个房间需要粉刷。
6．只能跟动名词作宾语的动词：
admit , avoid , advise , consider , delay , deny , enjoy , escape , excuse , fancy , finish , complete , forbid , imagine , mind , miss , permit . practise , require , suggest , risk , keep, take to , look forward t o , get down to , feel like , can’t help , can’t stand , be used to ,insist on , succeed in , set about, give up , include ,
分词
1 The story is interesting . I’m interested in it .
这个故事有兴趣，我对这个故事感兴趣。
2 . This is a moving film .
这是一部动人的电影。
3. The secretary worked late into the night , preparing a long speech for the president .
秘书工作到深夜，为主席准备一篇长篇演讲稿。
4. Given more time , I’ll do it well .
如果给我多一点时间，我会做的更好。
When he passed the back of the street , he saw the thief stealing some money from the bank .
当他后街时，看到小偷正从银行偷钱。
应注意的几个问题：
1．现在分词与过去分词的区别
Do you know the woman talking to Tom ?
= Do you know the woman who is talking to Tom ?
The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.
= The soldier who was wounded in the war has become a doctor.
China is a developing country and America is a developed country.
非谓语动词（不定式、动名词） 【考点概述】 非谓语动词的本意是不能做谓语的词性，但是它具有谓语动词的性质。非谓语动词是英语中特有的，在汉语中没有此概念。所以在掌握此语法是比较困难的，在平时的备考之中应注意多多练习。 【考点释义】 考点一：不定式 （1）构成：to+动词原形（do）如： I like to swim. 注意：不定式有省“to”的不定式和不省“to”的不定式两类，但多数以不省“to”的不定式为主。如：I heard him (to)sing. 我听到他在唱歌。 （2）句法功能： 1. 作主语 在英语中为了避免头重脚轻，当不定式作主语时有时主语太长时我们用形式主语“it”来作“形式主语”，将真正主语移植动词不定时之后。形式主语也就是我们所说的“不定式的复合结构”。其构成为“It +be +(for/of sb) to do sth. 如： ① It is very important ( us) to study English. = To study English is very important for us. 学英语对我们来说是很重要的 ② It is very kind ( you) to help me. = To help me is very kind of you. 你帮助我太好了。 【易错警示】我们在区别“of”和“for”的方法如下： 当介词“of”或“for”后面接的代词与前面形容词之间能否构成主谓逻辑关系就决定是用介词“of”或“for”。如果能够成主谓逻辑关系时我们使用介词“of”，反之则用介词“for”。例如上述两个例子。 ①It is very important (for us) to study English. Us is very important.（不成立） 由于不能构成主谓关系，所以用介词“for”。 ②It is very kind (of you) to help me. You are very kind. (成立) 由于构成主谓关系，所以用介词“of”。 2. 作宾语 当动词不定式作宾语是表示的是一种打算、希望、命令等。如: ① I want to read English magazines every day. 我每天想读英语杂志。（表想，希望） ② I determine to go for a long holiday. 我决定去度一个长假。（表打算，决定）【归纳】常接不定式作宾语的动词有如下： want determine decide hope plan except would like 等。 3. 作宾补 当动词不定时作宾补即宾语补足语时宾补与宾语之间就会构成主谓的逻辑关系，宾补成立的条件唯此一条。 接不定式作宾补的动词有：“advice”、“ask”、“force”、“persuade”、
必备英语非谓语动词难点、易错点 一、动词被动语态 1． The 31st Olympic Games _______ in Rio de Janeiro of Brazil in 2016. A. is held B. will hold C. will be held D. is going to hold 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意：第31届奥运会将于2016年在巴西里约热内卢举行。举办奥运会，The 31st Olympic Games在句中作主语，用被动语态。2016年将要发生的动作，用一般将来时态。故选C。 2．— I enjoy walking on the clean streets in the morning. — You know they by the hard-working cleaners every day. A. clean B. are cleaned C. are cleaning D. will clean 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：——我喜欢早上在干净的街道上散步。——你知道他们每天都被辛勤工作的清洁工打扫。A一般现在时主动语态，B一般现在时被动语态，C现在进行时，D一般将来时，根据by the hard-working cleaners every day，可知是一般现在时被动语态，故选B。 【点评】考查时态和语态，注意一般现在时被动语态的用法。 3．Over $30,000 ______ for a children's hospital by a British girl several months ago. A. is raised B. was raised C. will be raised D. has been raised 【答案】B 【解析】【分析】句意:几个月以前，一个英国女孩为一所儿童医院筹集了三万多美元。ago 多久以前，过去的时间，根据several months ago可知用一般过去时态;主语和谓语动词之间是动宾关系，所以用被动语态。所以选择一般过去时态的被动结构，故选B。
非谓语动词考点总结归纳 非谓语动词包括不定式，动名词和分词。它们是高中所学的基础语法，也是高考必考内容。既是高考的难点又是高考的热点。真正领悟非谓语动词的用法要具备以下基础知识： ①具有句子结构的知识，会分析句子成分。 ②具有简单句最基本的五种句型的知识，要分得清双宾语和复合宾语。 ③具有扎实而丰富的动词知识，要分得清及物动词和不及物动词。 ④具备各种复合句的知识，能够拆析复合句和长难句。 1．三种非谓语动词的构成及变化形式。 To ●过去分词 done （无变化） ●所有非谓语动词的否定形式都是把否定副词not,never放在非谓语动词的前面。 2. 三种非谓语动词形式句法功能比较
考点一：非谓语作主语。 1. 在很多情况下没有明显的不同. Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe. 2. 不定式做主语表示某一次具体的,特定的或有待实现的动作, 而动名词则表示通常的情况. eg:To tell him the truth would be the best. / Painting is an art. 动词不定式（短语）作主语时，另一种形式是在句首用先行代词it作形式主语，而将动词不定式（短语）移到谓语之后作真正主语。用于这种形式是一些特定形容词，动词和名词 1)形容词作表语It is adj/n.(for sb.) to do sth. （常见的形容词是：necessary,important,possible等） It is adj./n.(of sb.) to do sth. (常见的形容词是clever,stupid,foolish,wise,cruel等) 2)常见的动词有：require, cost, amuse, delight, annoy等 eg: It takes much time to do sth./ It didn’t occur to me to ask him to help me. 3)一些名词作表语 eg: It seems a pity to waste them./It is a great pleasure to do this./It is a good idea to think this way 动名词做主语时常用的句型有： It is nice doing sth./It’s foolish doing sth./It is useless doing that/It’s a waste of time doing this. /It’s worth one’s while doing sth./ It’s no good (use) doing that. It’s an awful job doing this. /It’s fun doing this. There is/ was no sense in doing/no point in doing 考点二：非谓语动词作宾语详细见5+3 P70-72页 补充:1.begin和start在下列三种情况下, 通常跟不定式, 不跟动名词 1) 当begin和start的主语是无生命之物时. eg: Snow began to melt. 2) 当begin和start用于进行时时. eg: He is beginning to study English. 3) 当begin和start后面跟着一些表示心理状态的词时. eg: I began to believe his story. 2. be afraid to do 不敢去做…… be afraid of doing 害怕发生某事
最新英语非谓语动词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．Students surf the internet _______ more information about the university they are dreamt of. A．found B．finding C．having found D．to find 【答案】D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：学生们上网是为了找到他们理想大学的更多的信息。此处表示目的用不定式，指上网的目的。故选D。 2．Look over there! There is a long, winding path ________ up to the house. A．lead B．leading C．led D．to lead 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：看那边!有一条长长的蜿蜒小路通向那所房子。分析句式可知，这是个there be 句型，因此，此处用非谓语动词，path与lead是主动关系，因此用现在分词，故选B。 3．______ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may influence genes in human bodies. A．Having exposed B．Being exposed C．To expose D．Exposed 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查动名词。句意：暴露于核辐射中甚至很短时间都会影响人体的基因。分析句子成分发现even for a short time是插入语，may influence是谓语，前面的部分应该是主语，be exposed to“暴露于”，要用动名词Being exposed to。故B选项正确。 4．The lecture, _______at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes. A．starting B．being started C．to start D．to be started 【答案】A 【解析】 选A start与逻辑主语the lecture之间为主动关系，故排除B、D两项。不定式作定语时，常表示动作尚未发生，故排除C项，此处用现在分词作后置定语，表示主动。 第四步：根据与谓语动词的先后关系确定时态 非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前用过去分词或v.-ing形式/不定式的
必备英语非谓语动词知识点总结 一、非谓语动词 1．I look forward _____ you soon. A. see B. seeing C. to see D. to seeing 【答案】D 【解析】【分析】句意：我盼望尽快见到你。look forward to doing sth盼望做某事，故答案为D。 【点评】考查固定搭配，注意look forward to中的to是介词，后跟动名词。 2．My friend invited me ______ the Art Club , and I accepted it with pleasure. A. join B. to join C. joined D. joining 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:我的朋友邀请我参加艺术俱乐部，我愉快地接受了。A.动词原形;B.动词不定式;C. 动词过去式;D.动词的ing形式。invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事。结合句意及结构，故选B。 3．一What should we take when going birdwatching? 一 We should take a pair of binoculars ____________the birds clearly. A. see B. seeing C. to see D. sees 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意:一去看鸟应该带什么?一为了看得清楚，我们应该带一副望远镜。带上望远镜的目的是看得清楚，用带to的不定式作目的状语。故选C。 4．The workers were made from morning to night in the past. A. worked B. to work C. work D. working 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:在过去工人们被迫从早晨工作到晚上make sb do sth让某人做某事，其被动语态形式sb be made to do sth所以选B。 5．Jane was shy. She would not invite her classmates____speaking English.
非谓语动词总结 一．后面可跟动词的ing形式的情况 1.动词：finish doing sth.完成做某事；enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事；practice doing sth. 练习做某事；imagine doing,想象做某事；avoid doing sth.避免做某事；consider doing sth.考虑做某事；suggest doing sth.建议做某事；mind doing sth.介意做某事； keep doing sth.持续做某事 2.固定短语： feel like doing sth.喜欢做某事；be busy doing sth.忙于做某事；be worth doing 值得做某事；spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间（金钱）做某事； have difficult/trouble in doing sth做某事有困难；have fun doing.做某事高兴 3.介词后(on, in, of, about, at, with, without, for, from, up, by等) 如：be good at doing sth.；thank you for doing sth.；give up doing sth.；stop sb. from doing sth.；do well in doing sth.；be afraid of doing sth.；be interested in doing sth.；be proud of；instead of；be fond of 4.to作介词的情况look forward to doing sth期望做某事； prefer doing sth. to doing sth与…相比较更喜欢…； pay attention to doing注意做某事； be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事；make a contribution to为…做贡献 二．后面可跟动词的不定式形式的情况 1.动词：agree to do同意去做；afford to do买得起；decide to do决定去做某事；hope to do希望去做；wish to do希望去做；fail to do做某事失败去；plan to do打算去做；pretend to do假装去做； refuse to do拒绝去做；would like to do想要去做；want to do想要去做某事；learn to do 学做；prefer to do sth. 喜欢（爱）做某事；sb. seem to do sth好像做某事；want/would like to do sth. 想做……；used to do sth. 过去常做某事 2.句型. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人去做某事 asked sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人做事某事（叫某人不要去做某事） tell sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人去（不要）做某事 follow sb. to do sth. 跟随某人去做某事 get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事 warn sb. (not) to do sth. 警告某人做某事（或不要做某事） be amazed to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶 be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事 be excited to do sth. 对做……感到兴奋 be frightened to do sth. 害怕去做某事 be glad/happy to do sth. 高兴去做某事 be/get ready to do sth.准备做某事 be sorry to do sth. 对做某事感到抱歉 be surprised to do sth. 对做某事感到惊奇 can’t wait to do st h. 迫不急待地去做某事 get/have a chance to do sth. 得到一个做某事的机会 It’s + adj.+(for sb.) to do sth. 做某事（对某人来说）怎么样 It’s +adj. +(of sb.) to do sth. It takes sb. some time/money to do sth. 花费某人多长时间做某事（常考）
复习专题非谓语动词难点汇总 一、非谓语动词 1．—What should I do, doctor? —_____ healthy, you should do more exercise. A. Keep B. Keeping C. To keep D. To be kept 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：——我应该做什么，医生？——为了保持健康，你应该多锻炼。keep healthy，保持健康，固定搭配，排除D。多锻炼的目的是保持健康，所以用to do不定式表目的，故选C。 【点评】考查to do不定式表目的，注意平时识记其用法，理解句意。 2．To my surprise, Daniel's parents allowed him ___________ Shanghai Disneyland with me. A. to visit B. visiting C. visit D. visits 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：让我吃惊的的，戴尔的父母允许他和我去上海迪士尼乐园。allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事，固定短语，故选A。 【点评】此题考查动词不定式。注意固定短语allow sb. to do sth。 3．When you are tired, in the countryside is a wonderful experience. A. relaxing B. relaxed C. relax D. relaxes 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当你累的时候，在农村放松是一个奇妙的体验。所填动词在句中作主语，该用动名词形式，所以选A。 4．We should do what we can our English. A. improve B. improved C. to improve D. improving 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意:我们应该做我们能做的事提高我们的英语。句子主语是we, 谓语是should do,宾语是what we can,后边的部分作目的状语，用不定式形式，故选C。 5．It was raining. My father asked me _______ a raincoat. A. take B. takes C. took D. to take 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：正下雨。我父亲要我带上雨衣。根据关键词 asked me，再结合选项，可判断出此处考查的是 ask sb. to do sth.的用法，故答案选 D。 【点评】考查固定搭配ask sb. to do sth.。
非谓语动词难点汇总
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非谓语动词知识要点概括以及难点和考点分析 1.“非谓语动词”这个名称是什么意思 在做非谓语动词题目之前，首先要搞清楚这个名称的意义。在英语中，很多语法名称在我们中国人的母语中是不存在的，所以，只有我们了解了这个语法的本质，或者说英语中使用这个语法的目的，才能更好的理解和运用这个语法知识。 首先，英语句子从结构上说，大致和中文相差不多，基本上都是“主谓宾”这个顺序，但英语句子和中文句子最大的不同点在于，英语句子里只能有一个谓语动词，而且逗号不能作为分割句子的连词使用。比如这句话：他生病了，他不能来了。在中文中，这句话没有问题，但如果翻译成英语：He is ill, he is not coming.就错了，因为逗号后面没有连词，这句话里出现了两个谓语动词“is”，产生了冲突。如果要修改的话，可以加上连词so，也可以把逗号变成分号（分号等于连词，后面he的首字母还是要小写），也可以索性把逗号变成句号，变成两句话。当然，如果用英语中所特有的技巧来处理的话，可以使用从句，可以改为Because he is ill, he is not coming. 这样操作的话，就等于把一个谓语动词放入了从句中，它就不和主句里的另一个谓语动词形成冲突了。其实这也是“从句”------这个英语中所特有的语法现象存在的道理。这句话最后一种修改方法就是使用非谓语动词，可以改为“Being ill, he is not coming.”。所以各位现在就明白了，非谓语动词这个语法现象存在的意义就是为了使一句英语句子保持只有一个谓语动词。非谓语动词如果能灵活运用，在有些情况下能代替从句（非谓语动词做状语和定语时候，可以代替原来的状语从句和定语从句），可以让句子更加精简。 2.非谓语动词的形式 非谓语动词主要可以分为三种形式：1. 分词 2. 动词不定式 3. 动名词。其中，分词又可以分为现在分词和过去分词。它们的具体形式如下： 现在分词：being, doing, having done(现在分词表示主动) 过去分词: done, being done , having been done （过去分词表示被动） 不定式: to do （表示主动）, to be done （表示被动）。某些题目中还会出现to have done/to have been done和to be doing等特殊形式，下面重点解析里会谈到。 动名词：doing（表示主动），being done（表示被动）某些情况下having done和having been done也可以做动名词，下面重点解析里也会谈到。 本质上说，非谓语动词是谓语动词变过来的，具体变化形式如下： 主动被动 谓语动词非谓语动词谓语动词非谓语动词 be being do doing be done done be doing doing be being done being done will do to do will be done to be done have done having done have been done having been done
人教版英语非谓语动词知识点总结含答案百度文库 一、非谓语动词 1．— Jane's spoken English is pretty good. — Yeah, she works hard and practices it both in and out of class. A. spoke B. to speak C. speaking 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】考查非谓语动词的用法。句意：--简的口语很好。--是的，她工作很努力，在课堂上和课外经常练习。短语practicedoing sth.练习做某事。故选C。 2．When you leave, please turn off the lights energy. A. save B. to save C. saving D. saved 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：当你离开时请关灯以节约能源。动词不定式表示目的，结合句意，故选B。 3．I got up early this morning my grandma at the airport. A. to pick up B. picking up C. picked up 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】我今天早上早早起床，为了在机场接我的奶奶。短语pick up表示接某人，用动词不定式to do表示目的。根据题意，故选A。 【点评】考查动词不定式。掌握动词不定式做目的状语的用法。 4．— Would you like to go swimming with me, Tom? — Sorry, but our teachers always tell us in the river. A. don't swim B. not swimming C. not to swim D. to not swim 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：——你愿意和我一起去游泳吗，汤姆？——对不起，但是我们的老师总是告诉我们不要在河里游泳。tell sb. not to do sth.告诉某人不要做某事，故答案为C。 【点评】考查动词不定式。掌握固定搭配中的不定式的用法。 5．Sue practices ______ the violin hard and often gives wonderful performances. A. play B. played C. to play D. playing 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：Sue努力练习拉小提琴并经常做精彩演出。Practise doing sth.故答
动词不定式和动名词作主语 一,作主语 ⒈不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种: (1)把不定式置于句首, 不定式作主语侧重于将来特定的某一次, 如: To get there by bike will take us half an hour. (2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中.如: ①It+be+名词+to do It's our duty to take good care of the old. ②It takes sb + some time +to do How long did it take you to finish the work ③It+be+形容词+for sb +to do It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour. ④It+be+形容词+of sb +to do It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says. ⑤It seems(appears)+形容词+to do It seemed impossible to save money. 在句型③中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等;在句型④中,常用careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise等表示赞扬或批评的词.在不定式前的sb,可看作其逻辑主语.这一句式有时相当于Sb is+形容词+to do句式,如:It's kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to help me with my English. ⒉动名词作主语 (1)把动名词置于句首, 侧重于经常性发生的动作. 如: Learning without practice is no good. 动名词作主语时,也常用It句式.如: ①It's +no good(no use, fun, a pleasure, a waste of time)+doing… It's no good reading in dim light. It's no use sitting here waiting.
中考英语非谓语动词知识点汇总 一、动词不定式 1.动词不定式作宾语。 1)在动词want ,hope,would like,decide,wish, choose,try ,need等后常用动词不定式作宾语。 I hope ______(hear)from you soon . 2)think/find /feel /make it + adj + to do sth He found it difficult _______(get) to sleep. 3).stop to do sth / stop doing sth stop to do sth 停下来去做某事 stop doing sth 停止正在做的事。 After working for a long time , He has to stop _______(have ) a rest . He was very tired , so he had to stop ______(work). 2.动词不定式作宾语补。 1).带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：ask / like /would like /teach /tell /want /help +sb +to do sth Please ask him _________(come) quickly. 2).省掉to的不定式作宾补的动词有：let /make / hear /see /notice /have/watch+sb +do sth 注：省掉to的不定式的句子变被动语态时，需要还原to . He made the baby _______(stop) crying . The baby was made ______ _____ crying. 3.动词不定式作主语 1).动词不定式常可用作句子的主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 2).常用it作形式主语，而将不定式放在句子后面。 To do sth +谓语动词+adj /n = It +谓语动词+adj / n + to do sth
初中非谓语动词短语集合 1.want to do = feel like doing=would like to do want/need doing…= want to be done 2.like doing \ to do like sb to do … dislike doing … 3.stop doing \ stop to do 4. have fun doing /enjoy doing./ have a good time doing 5. find sb. doing 6. help sb. do /make sb. do / let sb do/ see/watch/hear/listen to/notice 7.finish doing 8.start/begin doing \ to do 9.hate doing \ to do 10.go shopping \ swimming 11.tell sb. to do ask sb. to do 12.see sb. doing /watch/hear/notice 13.have a difficult time doing 14.mind doing 15.try to do \ try not to do try doing 16.take care to do \ take care not to do 17.have problems doing 18.have a hard time doing 19.stop/keep/prevent sb from doing… 20.be worth doing… 21.be afraid to do /be afraid of doing
英语：动词的非谓语形式 【重点难点提示】 一、重点是： 1 .动词不定式 (1)动词不定式的构成为：“to + 动词原形”(有时可不带to)。动词不定式没有人称和数和的变化。 (2)动词不定式既有名词的特性，又有动词的特性，它可以有自己的宾语和状语。它在句中可充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语。 2 .动词ing形式的用法。 3 .动词过去分词的用法。 二、难点是：(1)在有些动词后动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带to。(2)有些动词后只能接动词不定式作宾语。(3)有些动词后只能接动词ing形式(即动名词)作宾语。(4)有些动词后既可接动词不定式作宾语，也可接动词ing形式作宾语，但意思不同。 【同步达纲练习】 Ⅰ .用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。 1 .Bill lives in a place called (call) Gum Tree . 2 .Let him have (have) a good rest . 3 .Li Ping made the baby laugh (laugh) at last . 4 .Miss Gao wants to take (take) these books to the classroom now . 5 .She is ill .So she had better stay (stay) in bed for a few days . 6 .You’d better not look (not ,look) out of the window in class . 7 .It was very nice to play (play) with you . 8 .They wake up their parents , called (call) :“Merry Christmas !” 9 .A lot of good land has gone with them , (leave) only sand . 10 .There was a fire (burn) in the fireplace . 11 .The policeman told the boys (not ,play) football near the road . 12 .Why not (go) to the park with us tomorrow ? 13 .We’re free now .How about (fly) kites ? 14 .We often hear our English teacher (sing) English songs . 15 .One day ,his father saw him (sit) on some eggs . 16 .Mr Wu have watched us (play) basketball for half an hour . 17 .This morning I kept on (think) about the Christmas party this evening . 18 .A lot of English people are good at (boat) . 19 .We’re very thirsty .Let’s stop (drink) some water . 20 .When the two boys saw the teacher ,they stopped (fight) at once . 21 .Kate is a little ill .She doesn’t feel like (eat) anything these days .
非谓语动词(the Non-Finite Verbs)---动名词 非谓语动词是指在句子中不充当谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)，即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。 Ⅰ、动名词的形式： 一般式(谓语动词同时发生) doing being done 完成式(谓语动词发生之前) having done having been done 否定式:not + 动名词 一般式:Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 被动式:He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。 完成式:We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。 完成被动式:He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。 否定式:not + 动名词I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。 复合结构:物主代词(或名词所有格)+ 动名词 He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。 His not knowing English troubled him a lot.他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。
Ⅱ、动名词的句法功能: 一、作主语: Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。 Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。 当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。 It's no use quarreling.争吵是没用的。 二、作表语: In the ant city,the queen's job is laying eggs.在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。 作宾语: They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。 We have to prevent the air from being polluted.我们必须阻止空气被污染。 注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it，例如: We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。 要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语: enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid(避免)，excuse,delay,imagine,keep,miss,consider, admit(承认)，deny(否认)，mind,permit,forbid,practise,risk(冒险)，appreciate(感激)，be busy,be worth,feel like,can't stand,can't help(情不自禁地)，think of,dream of, be fond of,prevent…(from),keep …from,stop…(from),protect…from,set about, be engaged in,spend…(in),succeed in,be used to,look forward to,object to, pay attention to,insist on,feel like 三、作定语:
非谓语动词就是不能作句子谓语而具有其他语法功能的动词。 主语/表语： 不定式和ing分词均能作主语，二者有何区别？ 1.表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般行为倾向的，多用动名词。 2.动名词作主语时通常位于句首；不定式作主语时常置于句末，用it作形式主语放在句首。 1) Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here. 2) It is not very good for you to smoke so much. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. 若主语和表语都是非谓语动词, 应保持形式上的一致。
宾语： 1. 有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如： …… manage, promise, pretend, plan, offer, agree, ask, dare, choose, fail, help(帮助)，want(想要) , refuse等。 决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。 主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。 2. 有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如： ……practise, appreciate, dislike, excuse, forgive, keep, resist, risk, deny, advise, fancy, complete, forbid, permit, allow, stand, refer to, give up, lead to, take to, set about, get down to, object to, succeed in, have difficulty in... 考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。 避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。 3.有些动词如begin, start; love, like, hate, prefer后既可以跟不定式又可以跟ing分词作宾语，意义上无多大区别(但ing分词一般表示经常性的行为；不定式表示具体的行为)。 4.有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有明显差别。go on (stop/remember/regret)to do/doing can’t help to do / doing try to do/ doing mean to do（打算）/ doing（意味）be used to do / doing ( get used to doing)(used to do) 5.动词need, require, want作“需要”，deserve作“应受，应得”，主动表被动 定语： 不定式、ing 分词和过去分词都可以作定语，主要区别在于它们的时态意义和语态意义。 分词作定语与动词不定式作定语的区别是：现在分词表示主动、进行之意；过去分词表示被动与完成；而不定式表示在谓语动词表示的动作之后即将发生的动作。 不定式用来修饰序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定词的中心词，表主动关系。 E.g.: The car to be bought is for his sister. / He was the best man to do the job. The houses being built are for the teachers. Developing countries/ developed countries 补语： 1.能接带to的不定式作宾语补足语和主语补足语的动词有：ask, advise, tell, force, get, allow, want, wish, like, hate, prefer, intend,expect, encourage, persuade, permit, request,order, warn, cause等。 Think, consider, believe, suppose, feel等后常用“to be....”作补语。 E.g.: You are not allowed to smoke here. People considered him to be a great leader. 2.使役动词，感官动词接不带to 的不定式作宾语补足语。常见的使役动词有make, let, have等；感官动词有see, hear, watch, observe, notice, feel以及look at, listen to等。 ◆“吾看三室两厅一感觉”---5看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe）3使（make,