模块二代词
一．概念、分类。
1．概念：主要用来代替名词。
2．分类：英语中代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等。二．人称代词及其用法。
人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。
1
如：I often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去购物)
Are they from Brazil?(他们是巴西人吗？)
Where have they gone?(他们上哪儿去了？)
That’s it.(就那么回事)/ It’s he!(是他！)
2、宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。
如：Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语？) Help me!(救救我！)
We often write letters to her.(我们常给他写信)
3、人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时,
可以用主格形式,也可以用宾格形式,口语中大多用宾格。
如：--Who is it?(是谁？)–It’s I/me.(是我。)
4、三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含“我”时,按照“you →he→I”的顺序表达。
如：Both he and I are working at that computer company.(我和他都在那家电脑公司上班)
–Who will go there?(谁要去那儿？) –You and me.(你和我)
5、人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示“时间、天气、
温度、距离、情况”等含义,此外还可以作“非人称代词”使
用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。
如：--What’s the weather like today?(今天天气怎样？)
—It’s fine.(天气晴好)
--What’s the time?(几点啦？)
–It’s 12：00.(12点)
It’s a long way to go.(那可要走好长的路)
It took him three days to clean his house.(打扫屋子花了他三天的时间)
It is very clear that the public want to know when these men can go into space.(很显然,公众想知道这些人什么时候能进入太空) We found it very difficult to learn a foreign language well.(我们发觉要学好一门外语是非常困难的)
三．物主代词及其用法。
说明事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性两种。
词。如：
Is that your umbrella?(那是你的伞吗？)
I often go to see my aunt on Sundays.(我经常在星期天去看望
阿姨)
They are their books.(是他们的书)
2、名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句
子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语,后面千万不可以跟名
词。如：
This is your cup,but where is mine?(这是你的杯子,可我的在哪
儿？)
Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small.(你们的教室
很大,我们的相当小)
3、“of + 名词性物主代词”称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。如：
A friend of mine came to see me yesterday.(我的一个朋友昨天
来看我了) (指若干朋友中有一个来看我。)
[试比较] My friend came to see me yesterday.(我的朋友昨天
来看我了)(指我的那个特定的朋友来看我。)
四．指示代词及其单复数。
指示说明近处或者远处、上文或者下文、以前或者现在的人或事物。
定语修饰名词。如：
What’s this?(这是什么？)
That model plane is made of plastic.(那只模型飞机是塑料做的)(被动句)
Remember never to do such things.(记得永远不要做这样的事情) Do the same as the teacher tells you. (按老师说的做)
---Who is it?(是谁？) ---It’s me!(是我！)
五．反身代词及其用法。
表示谓语的动作与主语有关或者宾语补足语的动作与宾语有关。
行者本身)。如：
Don’t play with the knife, you might hurt yourself.(不要玩刀子,那
会割伤你的)
2、在句子中作同位语表示强调(即用来强调名词或代词的语气)。如：
The story itself is good. Only he didn’t tell it well.(故事本身是好的,只是他没有讲好)
六．关系代词及其用法。
用来引导定语从句的代词叫关系代词,
1、关系代词who 、which、that 、whom 等,将定语从句和主句连接起来。英语中的关系代词一方面在从句中担任一定的成分,另一方面又起连接作用。
如：The student who is drawing a picture is in Grade One.(正在画画的学生是一年级的)
2、关系代词who / whom指人,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。如：Do you know the man who is wearing a red hat? (你认识那个戴着红帽子的男人吗？)
3、关系代词which指物,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。
如：Have you found the book which you lost several days ago?(你找到几天前丢失的那本书了吗？)
4、关系代词that既可指人也可指物,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。如：Can you see the man/dog that is running along the river bank ?(你看得见顺着河跑的男人/狗了吗？)
5、连接代词：用来引导宾语从句、主语从句或表语从句的连接词称连接代词。
英语中连接代词主要有：what(什么),who(谁),whom(谁),which(哪个),whose(谁的)。
七．疑问代词及其用法。
疑问代词：用来提出问题的代词称为疑问代词。
1、who、whom、whose、what、which、whoever、whatever、whichever 主要用于特殊疑问句中,一般放在句首。口语中也常用who代替whom 作宾语,但在介词后则只能用whom。如：
Who(m) did you invite to your birthday party?(你都邀请了谁参加你的生日聚会的？)
What does she want to be when she grows up?(她长大了想干什么？) 2、who和whom只能独立使用,其中who可以作句子的主语、表语或动词的宾语,whom只能作谓语动词的宾语；而what、which、whose 等既可以独立使用作主语、表语和宾语,也可以与名词构成疑问短语。如：Who is that man?(那男的是谁？)
What colour are their hats?(他们的帽子是什么颜色？)
Which car was made in Germany?(哪辆车是德国造的？)(被动句) 注意这个提问：The man in the car is my father.(车里的男人是我父亲) →Which man is your father?(哪个男人是你的父亲？)
3、which除了可以询问指代的情况之外,还可以针对说明人物的时间、地点、岁数、颜色、大小、状况等进行提问。
如：People there live a very sad life.(那里的人生活凄惨)→Which people live a sad life? (哪些人生活凄惨？)
--Which hotel have you booked for your holiday?(为了度假你预订了哪家旅馆？)—The biggest one in Haikou.(海口最大的那家旅馆)
4、疑问代词不分单复数,视它所替代的人或事物决定单复数,但是通常用单数；如果修饰名词,则以名词的单复数为准。
如：Who is (are) in that playhouse?(谁在游戏房里？)
What is that? (那是什么？)
What are those? (那些是什么？)
What colours do they have?(它们有哪些颜色？)
七．不定代词及其用法。
代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词。
anything(任何事), anyone(任何人), anybody(任何人), nothing(没事),nobody(没有人),
no one(没有人), everything(一切), everyone(每个人), everybody(每个人).
(1)some和any 的用法：
some一般用于肯定句中,意思是“几个”、“一些”、“某个”作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。
如：I have some work to do today. (今天我有些事情要做)
They will go there some day.(他们有朝一日会去那儿)
some 用于疑问句时,表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。
如：Would you like some coffee with sugar?(你要加糖的咖啡吗？)
any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些”、“任何一个”,作定语时可修饰可数或不可数名词。
如：They didn’t have any friends here. (他们在这里没有朋友)
Have you got any questions to ask?(你有问题要问吗？)
any 用于肯定句时,意思是“任何的”。Come here with any friend.(随便带什么朋友来吧。)
(2)no和none的用法：
no是形容词,只能作定语表示,意思是“没有”,修饰可数名词(单数或复数)或不可数名词。
如：There is no time left. Please hurry up.(没有时间了,请快点)
They had no reading books to lend.(他们没有阅读用书可以出借)
none只能独立使用,在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语,意思是“没有一个人(或事物)”,
表示复数或单数。
如：None of them is/are in the classroom.(他们当中没有一个在教室里)
I have many books, but none is interesting.(我有很多的书,但没有一本是有趣的)
(3)all和both的用法：
all指三者或三者以上的人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词；也可用来代替或修饰不可数名词。
both指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词。all和both在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
如：I know all of the four British students in their school.(他们学校里四个英国学生我全认识)
--Would you like this one or that one? –Both.(你要这个还是那个？两个都要。)
all和both既可以修饰名词(all/both+(the)+名词),也可以独立使用,采用“all/both + of the +名词(复数)”的形式,其中的of可以省略。
如：All (of) (the) boys are naughty.(是男孩都调皮)
(4)every和each用法：
every是形容词,只能作定语修饰单数名词,意思是“每一个”,表示整体概念；
each是形容词、代词,可用作主语、宾语、定语等,意思是“每个”或者“各个”,表示单个概念；each可以放在名词前,可以后跟of短语,与动词同时出现时要放在“be
动词、助动词、情态动词”之后或者行为动词之前
every和each都用作单数理解,但是下文中既可以用单数的代词(如he/him/his)也可以用复数的代词(如they/them/their)替代。
如：Every one of the students in his class studies very hard.(他班上每个学生学习都很用功)
They are very busy. Each of them has something to do.(他们很忙,人人都有事干)
(5)either和neither的用法：
either意思是“两个中间的任何一个”；neither是either的否定形式,意思是“两个都不”。
neither和either在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语等,都用作单数。
如：I don’t care much for what to drink. Either of the two will do. (我不介意喝些什么,两个之中随便哪个都行)
--Will you go there by bus or by car? –Neither. I will go there by train.(你坐公车去还
是坐轿车去？一个都不坐,我坐火车去。)
(6)other、the other和another的用法：
other意思是“另一”、“另一些”,有复数形式。在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语。another 意思是“另外”、“又一个”,表示增加,在句中可作宾语和定语。
如：Some girls are singing under the big apple tree and others are sitting on the grass talking.(有些女孩在大苹果树下唱歌,别的就躺在草地上说话)
You have had several cakes. Do you really want another one?(你已经吃了好几块饼
子了,你真的还要一块？)
I want another four books.(我还要四本书)
another(另外的,再一,又一)与the other(另外的一个) 主要从数量上区分,只有两个时用the other,在原先基础上增加用another。
如：This is one of your socks. Where is the other one?(这是你的一只袜子,还有一只呢？)
I have eaten 4 cakes, but I still want another.(我已经吃了4块蛋糕,但是我还要以块。)
others与the others的主要区别：others指“剩余的人/物”(指大部分)；the others指“其余的人/物”,(指全部)。如：A few students are playing soccer while others are
watching them.(有几个学生在踢足球,其他一些人在观看) / Two of the ten boys are
standing and the others are sitting round them.(十个男孩中有两个站着,其他人都
围着他们坐着。)
(7)many和much的用法：
many意思是“很多”,与可数名词复数连用；much意思是“很多”,与不可数名词连用。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语等。如：I don’t have many friends here.(在
这里我没有很多的朋友。) /Many died in the bus accident.(许多人在公交车祸中丧
失) / We can learn much with the help of him.(在他的帮助之下我们能学到很多) many和much一般用于否定句,肯定句中通常用a lot of或者lots of; many / much用于肯定句时可以在前面加上so、very或too.
如：There are a lot of people on the playground.(操场上有许多的人)
They haven’t got much work to do.(他们没有多少事情可做)
There are too many people in the room.(房间里人太多了。)
(8)few、little、a few、a little的用法：
few、little意思是“很少几个”、“几乎没有”,有否定的意思,a few、a little意思是“有
几个”、“有些”,有肯定的意思；few、a few与可数名词连用或代替可数的事物, little、
a little与不可数名词连用或代替不可数的事物。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。
如：
He is very poor and he has little money.(他很穷,几乎没有什么钱。)
Don’t worry. There is still a little time left.(别着急,还有一点儿时间呢。)
In that polar region there live few people.(在那个极地地区几乎不住人)
You can get a few sweets from him.(你可以从他那儿弄到一些糖果)
(9)复合不定代词somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything, everybody等是由
some , any ,no ,every, 加上body, thing构成的,叫做复合不定代词,在句子中当单数使用。
somebody, something, someone 一般用于肯定句中；anything, anybody,anyone一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。修饰复合不定代词的定语,应放在它们的后面。
如：Hey,Lily. There is someone outside the door.(嗨,丽丽,门外有人。)
Did you meet anyone when you came to school last Sunday?(上个星期天你来学校时见到什么人了吗？)
He has nothing much to do today.(他今天没有多少事情做)
(10)one与ones用来代替上文的一个或多个人或事物,前面可以加冠词、形容词、指示代词、
which等。
如：Which jacket would you like, this one or that one?(你要哪件夹克,这件还是那件？
I don’t like the green ones.(我不喜欢绿色的那些)
(11)so可以代替一件事情,作句子的宾语或表语。
如：I don’t think so.(我认为不是这样的。)
He lost a book. So did I.(他丢失了一本书,我也是。)
(12)a lot of、lots of、a number of( /large numbers of)、a great deal of、plenty of的区别：五
个“名词+介词”短语都表示“大量,许多”
,a lot of(或lots of)既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式,可以相应地换为much和many；plenty of“足够、大量”,既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式。
a number of / large numbers of只可以修饰可数名词复数形式(它修饰的词作主语时谓语
用复数形式)可以换为some、many、a lot of、plenty of。 a great deal of只可以修饰不可数名词(它修饰的词作主语时谓语用单数形式)可以换为much。
如：A lot of people think that time is money.(许多的人认为时间就是金钱。)
I don’t have t o do it in a hurry because I have plenty of time.(我用不着赶忙,因为我
有充足的时间。)
I have a number of letters to write today.(今天我有好多信要写)
I spend a great deal of time/money on shopping.(在购物方面我花费了大量的时间/金
钱。)
(13)none、no one、nobody的区别：no one和nobody都表示“没有人”,仅指人,后面不跟
of短语,作主语时谓语用单数形式；none表示“没有一个人/物”,可指人也可以指物,后面可跟of短语,作主语时谓语可用单数也可用复数。
如：No one knows how he managed to get the ticket.(没有人知道他是怎样搞到那张票的) Nobody handed in his/their composition(s) yesterday.(昨天没有一个人交作文。)
None of my friends came to see me that day.(那天没有一个朋友来看我。)
八．相互代词及其用法。
相互代词：表示相互关系的词叫相互代词。
each other ,one another是相互代词,译成“互相”,可以通用。each other表示两者之间,而one anther表示许多人之间。它们有所有格形式each other’s ,one another’s。
如：We must help each other when we are in trouble.(我们身处困境时要互相帮助。)
They sat there without talking to one another / each other.(他们坐在那儿,互相都不说话。)
人称代词和物主代词讲解及练习
二.填写下列表格中代词。 三.用所给词的适当形式填空。 1. That is not _________ kite. That kite is very small, but _________ is very big. ( I ) 2. The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she ) 3. Is this _________ watch? (you) No, it’s not _________ . ( I ) 4. _________ is my brother. ________ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _________. ( he ) 5. _________ dresses are red. (we) What colour are _________? ( you ) 6. Here are many dolls, which one is _________ ? ( she ) 7. I can find my toy, but where’s _________? ( you ) 8. Show _________ your kite, OK? (they) 9. I have a beautiful cat. _________name is Mimi. These cakes are _________. ( it ) 10. Are these ________ tickets? No, ________ are not _________. ________ aren’t here. ( they ) 11. Shall _________ have a look at that classroom? That is _________ classroom. ( we ) 12. _________ is my aunt. Do you know _________ job? _________ is a nurse. ( she ) 13. That is not _________ camera. _________is at home. ( he ) 14. Where are _________? I can’t find _________. Let’s call _________ parents. ( they ) 15. Don’t touch _________. _________ not a cat, _________ a tiger! 16. _________ sister is ill. Please go and get _________. ( she ) 17. _________ don’t know her name. Would you please tell _________. ( we ) 18. So many dogs. Let’s count _________. ( they ) 19. I have a lovely brother. _________ is only 3. I like _________ very much. ( he ) 20. May I sit beside _________? ( you ) 21. Look at that desk. Those book are on _________. ( it ） 22.The girl behind _________ is our friend. (she )
八年级语法知识 一、学习目标： 知识目标：1. 了解代词的分类 2. 重点掌握人称代词、物主代词、不定代词和反身代词 能力目标：学会正确运用各类代词。 情感目标：帮助同学们进行知识的归纳总结，拓宽知识面。 二、重点、难点： 1. 名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的用法； 2. 常见的不定代词的用法； 三、考情分析： 近年来，全国各地的中考英语试题对代词的考查主要集中在下面三个方面： 1. 不定代词的用法； 2. 物主代词的用法； 3. 人称代词的宾格。 四、知能提升： （一）知识讲解 代词是用来代替名词并起名词作用的词。代词可分为以下几类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词。 I. 人称代词 人称代词是用来指人、动物或事物的代词。人称代词有人称、数、格的变化，分为主格、宾格。见下表： 人称 单数复数 主格宾格主格宾格 第一人称I me we us 第二人称you you you you 第三人称he him they them she her it it 人称代词的用法 （1）主格用来作主语，宾格用来作动词或介词的宾语。 He is a student. （he是主格，作句子的主语） We don’t know him. （him是宾格，作动词know的宾语） Mr Wang is waiting for us outside. （us是宾格，作介词for的宾语） 【考题链接】 ①I’m going skating. Would you like to go with ? A. me B. I C. my D. mine 答案：A 解题思路：句意是“我打算去滑冰，你愿意和我一起去吗？”介词with后需要接代词作宾语。my和mine 意为“我的”，不符合题意。I是主格，而me是宾格，可以作宾语。故选A。 ②—Who’s your English teacher? —Miss Gao. She teaches English very well. A. our B. us C. ours D. we
Un itl 《 school life 》 Grammar (1) 定语从句(AttributiveClause) I根据初中所学知识，请用红笔标出下列表格中的定语 定语从句的定义及其作用： 定语从句是又称形容词性从句，在句子中起定语作用，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可修饰一个句子.受定语从句修饰的词叫先行词.定语从句的作用和作定语的形容词、介词词组、分词词组相似，有时可以相互转换，例如：金发女孩可译作abl on degirl， agirlwithbl on dehair 或agirlwhohasblo ndehair。定语从句通常由关系代词 that/which/who/whom/which/as 或关系副词when/where/why 引导，这些词既指代主句中要说明的名词或代词，又充当从句中的某个句子成分。定语从句可分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后面，所以如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句，根据它与前面名词或代词的逻辑关系来判断是否是定语从句。 川定语从句的必备三要素 1先行词(名词或代词) | relativepr on. (assub.,obj.,pred.) 2关系词 (that 指人或物/which 指物/who(m)指人/whose) 3关系词在从 句中充当成分ativeadv. (asadverbial) (whe n/where/why) 找出下列句中的定语从句；分析定语从句三要素 1.Youaretherightmanwhomwearelookingfor. 2.I ' vespentallthemoneythatwasgivenbymyparents. 3.Iwillneverforgettheday whenljoinedtheparty.
代词 代词在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 课标考点详解 1，人称代词：用来只带人或者事物的名称的词 （1）人称代词的分类：有主格和宾格之分 主格I you he she it we you they 宾格 (2)人称代词的用法： ①主格人称代词在句中作主语。 She is as intelligent as he (is). 她像他一样聪明。 We all like English very much.我们都很喜欢英语。 I like music.我我喜欢音乐。 ②宾格人称代词在句中作动词的宾语或介词的宾语。 We often go to see her on Saturdays. 我们常在星期六去看她。 ③人称代词作表语时一般用宾格，但在比较正式的场合用主格。 -Who is it?谁呀? -It's me.:是我。(非正式) -!t is I.是我。(正式) 友情提示 如果有几个不同的人称代词同时作主语，且用and，or连接时，习惯顺序是单数:(2，3，1)第二人称、第三人称、第一人称。即: you，he(she) and I。复数:(1，2，3)第一人称、第二人称、第三人称。I即: we，you and they。 -如果做错了事，需要承担责任时，通常把第一人称放在最前面。 - Who broke the window?谁打破了窗子? 一I and Tom.我和汤姆。 即景活用：①---Miss Lin teaches _______English this term. ----You are lucky .______is a very good teacher. A.our She https://www.doczj.com/doc/3d4213491.html,; He https://www.doczj.com/doc/3d4213491.html,,She D. ours; He ②(2008.北京)I'm going skating. Would you like to go with _____? A.me B.. I C. my D. mine 2，物主代词:表示物体所属的词，有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。 形容词 my your his her its our your their 性 名词性 （1）形容词性的:物主代词具有形容词的特征，在句中作定语，后面接名词。 Our school is not far from here. 我们的学校肉这儿不远。 My father and mother are teachers. They like their work. （2)名词性物主代词具有名词的特征，在句中可以作主语，表语或宾语。 This is not my pen. Mine is red. 这不是我的钢笔。我的是红色的。 I have lost my dictionary. Please lend me yours. 我的词典丢了。请把你的借我用一下。 友情提示 "of+名词性物主代词"属双重所有格的一种形式，应特别注意它的用法。 a friend of mine我的一个朋友
代词 代词可以分为下列九类1 人称代词2 物主代词3 自身代词4. 相互代词5. 指示代词6. 疑问代词7. 关系代词8. 连接代词9 不定代词 人称代词做主语时用主格，做宾语时用宾格。在作表语时，用宾格较多，例如：Who is knocking at the door? --- It’s me. 但在强调结构中却常用主格：It was he who did it.. It is she who wants this clothes. 在使用人称代词时有下面几点值得注意： 1）she可以用来代表国家，船只，大地，月亮等。 e.g. I think England will do what she promised to do. 2) 在并列的主语中，I总放在最后。e.g. Mary and I will be in charge of the case. 3) 第三人称，男女两性并用时，男先女后。He and she still don’t agree to the plan. 二物主代词 1. 1）表语Whose dictionary is this? ----it’s mine. 2) 主语Ours is a big family. 3) 宾语Let’s clean their room first and ours later. 2. “of +名词性物主代词”可用作定语 That car of hers is always breaking down.= Her car is ……. 三自（反）身代词 1．这些词可用来： 1）作宾语I can’t express myself in English. 2) 作表语I am not quite myself these days. 我近来身体不大舒服。 3）作主语或宾语的同位语The theory itself is all right. 在作同位语时，自身代词常译作“本人”或“亲自” They must make investigation themselves.他们必须亲自作调查。 与by oneself较难区分By oneself 译为“一个人干（不要别人帮助）” They made the machine all by themselves. 这机器完全是他们自己制造的。 2．自身代词常和某些动词连用 Enjoy oneself, behave oneself(使自己举止良好)，help yourself to sth. 请吃点。。。 Come to oneself苏醒 3．常与某些介词连用 By oneself 一个人做（不要别人帮助） For oneself替自己，自己He has a right to decide for himself. 他有权自己决定。 In oneself 本身This is not a bad idea in itself. 这主意本身并不错。 To oneself供自己用She had a room to herself.她自己住一间房。 四相互代词 One another与each other由于表示相互关系，称为相互代词，两者的用法是差不多的。 We can help one another (each other). We are eager to learn from each other.我们都急欲向彼此学习。 五指示代词 有this, that, these, those. 注意： 1．前面刚提到的东西，英语中常用that (或those)表示，而汉语中却常用这表示。 e.g. We have no time to do it. That’s our trouble.我们没有时间做这事。这就是我们的问题。 2. 指下面要谈到的事物时，常用this, 例如
Unit 1《school life 》 Grammar （1） 定语从句(Attributive Clause) Ⅰ 根据初中所学知识，请用红笔标出下列表格中的定语 Ⅱ 定语从句的定义及其作用： 定语从句是又称形容词性从句,在句子中起定语作用,修饰一个名词或代词,有时也可修饰一个句子.受定语从句修饰的词叫先行词. 定语从句的作用和作定语的形容词、介词词组、分词词组相似，有时可以相互转换，例如：金发女孩可译作a blonde girl ，a girl with blonde hair 或a girl who has blonde hair 。定语从句通常由关系代词that/ which/ who/ whom/ which/ as 或关系副词when/ where/ why 引导，这些词既指代主句中要说明的名词或代词, 又充当从句中的某个句子成分。定语从句可分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后面，所以如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句，根据它与前面名词或代词的逻辑关系来判断是否是定语从句。 找出下列句中的定语从句；分析定语从句三要素 1. You are the right man whom we are looking for. 2. I’ve spent all the money that was given by my parents. 3. I will never forget the day when I joined the party. 4. This is the factory where the machines are made. 前置定语 后置定语 my book a holiday of seven days a seven-day holiday something important a good holiday a country developing fast a toy factory a book written by Lu Xun a developing country a book to be published a developed country a book which was written by J.K. Rowling 1先行词（名词或代词） 2关系词 3关系词在从句中充当成分 relative pron. (as sub. ,obj. ,pred.) (that 指人或物 / which 指物 / who(m) 指人/ whose) This is a book which was written by J.K. Rowling. relative adv. (as adverbial) (when / where / why) Ⅲ 定语从句的必备三要素
介词＋关系代词引导的定语从句 一．关系代词直接跟在介词后时，指人只可用whom，指物只能用 which, 不可用who, that 例如：The man who/whom you spoke to was a scientist. 变成：The man to whom you spoke was scientist. 【练习1】把下面的句子改写成介词加关系代词引导的定语从句 1.This is the school that I studied in for three years. ____________________________________________________ 2.She is the very singer who they were talking about at that time. _____________________________________________________________ 3.She still remembers the factory that her mother worked in five years ago. _____________________________________________________________ 4.Daniel is the person (who/whom/that) I want to make friends with. __________________________________________________________________ 5 . The Maths teacher is the person (who/whom/that) I got an A plus from. ___________________________________________________________【练习2】判断下面的句子是否正确，如果有错，请修改 1. This boy to who I give a photo is his brother. 2. This is the girl for her my mother bought a nice gift. 3. The old man lives in that house, the windows of that were broken last night. 4. My people left the city in that they had lived for many years. 5. I still remember the morning in which he first come to school. 【练习3】用适当介词+关系代词填空 1. Do you like the book __________ she spent $10 2. Do you like the book _______________she paid $10 3. Do you like the book ___________she learned a lot 4. Do you like the book __________she often talks 5. He built a telescope ______________he could study the skies. 6. There is a tall tree outside,_______________ stands our teacher. 7. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest _________is the
第1页共15页 【There are no secrets to success. It is the result of preparation, hard work, and learning
第2页共15页 【There are no secrets to success. It is the result of preparation, hard work, and learning
（9）Nice to see you here. me，too.（这里不能用I：我也如此。） （10）All of us should learn from them all. （一）人称代词 1、基本用法 1）作主语用主格。作宾语用宾格。作表语多用宾格。 We meet him in the street yesterday. ---Who is it? --- It’s me. 注：在but, except, than , as 之后，可用主格或宾格，句义不变。 I’m as tall as she(her). 2）she 可以代表―国家，船只，大地，月亮‖。he 指―太阳‖。 China has risen. She in no longer what she used to be. 3) 排列顺序（单数人称：二三一；复数人称：一二三） You, he and I should do that. We, you and they must help each other in our studies. 注：在承担责任、错误时，顺序为一二三。I and my sister are to blame. 2、考点 1）作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中，或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用，常用宾格。 —Does any of you know where Tom lives? —Me. What! Me (to)play him at chess? No! 2）it 的用法及习惯搭配。 （二）物主代词 第3页共15页 【There are no secrets to success. It is the result of preparation, hard work, and learning
最新代词讲解及练习(含答案) 一、单项选择代词 1．Clothing made of man-made fibers has certain advantages over ________ made of natural fibers like cotton, wool or silk. A．the ones B．one C．that D．what 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：考查代词：句意：--人造纤维的衣服比天然纤维象：棉花，羊毛或丝绸制作的衣服有一定的好处。这里填的代词是泛指不可数名词Clothing，用that是特指可数名词单数或不可数名词，而且后面还有后置定语，one是泛指前面的可数名词单数，the ones特指前面的可数名词复数，what可以引导名词性从句，选C。 考点：考查代词 点评：代词首先要弄清它指代的是什么，指代的数量，指代可数名词单数还是不可数名词，泛指还是特指，结合句意和代词本身的用法，再进行辨析。 2．The restaurant is full, so we have to look for ______ one. A．other B．the other C．the second D．another 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：句意：这个饭店满了，我们得再找一家。A. other其他的；B. the other二者中的另一个；C. the second第二个；D. another三者以上的另一个。故选D。 考点：考查代词。 3．To British people, Canadians may sound American; To Americans, they may sound British. Canadians themselves insist on not being identified with _________. A．neither B．both C．any D．either 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：本题考查代词。A. neither也不；B. both 两个都；C. any任何； D. either两者之一。not…either两者都不。故选D。 【知识拓展】 1. neither两者都不；neither---nor---既不---也不 2. both 两个都；both---and---两个都--- 3. either两者之一；either---or---或者---或者---。 考点：考查代词 4．To their great surprise, they found ________ in the meeting. A．they were not understanding B．themselves not understood
定语从句 一学习目标 1.熟练掌握定语从句 二考点解析 ⊙定从的功能—解释说明 This is the factory that/which can produce such machines 这就是能制造这种机器的工厂This is the factory that/which we visited last week 这就是我们上周参观的工厂 ⊙定语从句 定义：一个简单句跟在名词或代词后（先行词）进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。这个简单句在主句中充当定语成分。 I bought a cow that looked like a horse. ⊙定语从句怎么考？ 语法 22.I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.（2016高考北京卷） A.whose B.why C.where D.which 完形 Balto put his nose to the ground, 52 to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail. （2016高考北京卷） 阅读&写作 A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.（2016高考全国卷D篇） Last year, I spent all my time looking for a job where, without dealing with the public , I could work alone, but still have a team to talk to. （2016高考北京卷阅读A篇） ⊙定从原理：把两个句子合为一个，两个句子有相同的部分，此时可以把其中一个句子作为另一个句子的修饰限定部分。
必备英语【初中英语】代词专项讲解及练习 一、初中英语代词 1．The old man is ill and he doesn't feel like ______________. A. to eat something B. to eat anything C. eating something D. eating anything 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：这位老人病了，他不想吃任何东西。feel like doing sth想要做某事，固定搭配，something用于肯定句，anything用于否定句和疑问句，这里是否定句，用anything，故答案为D。 【点评】考查固定搭配和不定代词。注意something用于肯定句，anything用于否定句和疑问句。 2．— It's very cold today. — Yes, the weather is much colder than ________ in my hometown. A. that B. one C. it 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：——今天非常冷。——是的，天气比我家乡的天气冷许多。根据句意可知是今天的天气和家乡的天气比较，weather天气，不可数名词，所以用that代指不可数名词，故选A。 【点评】考查代词辨析，注意平时识记比较时用that代指不可数名词。 3．We should not give up. ________ we do, we must try our best. A. Whenever B. Wherever C. Whatever D. However 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：我们不应该放弃。无论我们做什么，我们都必须尽力。A 无论什么时候；B 无论那里；C 无论什么；D 无论怎样。根据题干中的…we do，we must try our best可知此句需要代词，做do的宾语，故选C。 【点评】考查代词whatever的基本含义及用法。注意区分whenever，wherever，whatever 以及however的不同。 4．The bird can't fly. _____ of its wings were hurt. A. Both B. All C. Either D. Neither 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：这只鸟不会飞。它的两个翅膀受伤了。 A.两者都；B.都，三者或者三者以上；C. （两者中）任一的；D.两者都不。根据常识可知，鸟应该有两个翅膀，故排除B；either of修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数；both of修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；根据The bird can't fly.和后面的系动词为复数were可知，此处指的是鸟的两个翅膀都受伤了。故选A。 【点评】考查代词辨析。注意理解单词词义，理解句意。
定语从句讲解及练习 一、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 如:1) The man who lives next to uS s a policema n. 2) You must do everyth ing that I do. 上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句 放在先行词的后面。 引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格who,所有格whose)和关系 畐寸词 where, when、why 关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当 一个成分 二、关系代词引导的定语从句 1. who指人，在从句中做主语 (1) The boys who are playing footbai a re from Class One. (2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way 女口果先行词是 anyone, an ybody, every one, everybody, some one, somebod 关 系代词应该用 who 或 whom. 例: Is there anyone here who will go with you? 2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys which 在句子中做主语) (2) This is the pen(which) he bought yesterday；which 在句子中做宾语)
模块二代词 一．概念、分类。 1．概念：主要用来代替名词。 2．分类：英语中代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等。二．人称代词及其用法。 人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。 1 如：I often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去购物) Are they from Brazil?(他们是巴西人吗？) Where have they gone?(他们上哪儿去了？) That’s it.(就那么回事)/ It’s he!(是他！) 2、宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。 如：Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语？) Help me!(救救我！) We often write letters to her.(我们常给他写信) 3、人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时, 可以用主格形式,也可以用宾格形式,口语中大多用宾格。 如：--Who is it?(是谁？)–It’s I/me.(是我。) 4、三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含“我”时,按照“you →he→I”的顺序表达。 如：Both he and I are working at that computer company.(我和他都在那家电脑公司上班) –Who will go there?(谁要去那儿？) –You and me.(你和我)
5、人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示“时间、天气、 温度、距离、情况”等含义,此外还可以作“非人称代词”使 用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。 如：--What’s the weather like today?(今天天气怎样？) —It’s fine.(天气晴好) --What’s the time?(几点啦？) –It’s 12：00.(12点) It’s a long way to go.(那可要走好长的路) It took him three days to clean his house.(打扫屋子花了他三天的时间) It is very clear that the public want to know when these men can go into space.(很显然,公众想知道这些人什么时候能进入太空) We found it very difficult to learn a foreign language well.(我们发觉要学好一门外语是非常困难的) 三．物主代词及其用法。 说明事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性两种。 词。如： Is that your umbrella?(那是你的伞吗？) I often go to see my aunt on Sundays.(我经常在星期天去看望 阿姨) They are their books.(是他们的书) 2、名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句 子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语,后面千万不可以跟名 词。如： This is your cup,but where is mine?(这是你的杯子,可我的在哪 儿？) Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small.(你们的教室
定语从句１——关系代词引导的定语从句 一、考点、热点回顾 【词汇辨析】 1.ｅvery dａy& eｖerｙdaｙ evｅry dａｙ“每天”，作时间状语。eveｒydａy是形容词,“每天的,日常的”。 eg: She lｅarns sｏｍe eｖeryday Ｅnｇlish eｖeｒｙday. 她每天学一些日常英语。 He goｅs to bed ｌaｔe every ｄaｙ．他每天睡觉很晚。 ２．betwｅｅn& amｏng bｅtｗeeｎ常用于表示两者之间，或用于表示三者或三者以上的众多事物两两之间 amonｇ一般指在三者或三者以上众多事物之中。 eｇ: Toｍis beｔween Ａnn and Maｒy.汤姆在安和玛丽之间。 Ｔheｙtａｌｋedａmoｎg tｈemｓｅlvｅs whiｌe thｅｙwａiｔｅd. 他们一边等着一边互相谈话 【固定搭配】tｏdo／doiｎg 在英语中，有些动词或动词短语后既可以接不定式,也可以接动名词做宾语,但意思不同?1.forgｅt ｔo do 忘记做某事I’m sorｒｙ I ｆorgot tｏ poｓt tｈe lｅtteｒ． forgeｔ doinｇ做过某事忘了 I forgot teｌｌing hiｍｔhｅｎews ｔhe ｏther day. ?2. ｓtop ｔo do 停下来做某事He stoｐpeｄ to tａlｋ to ｍe ｗheｎ he saw me iｎ the ｓtreｅt yesｔerｄay. ｓtop doｉｎｇ停止做某事Ｐｌeａse stop talkinｇｌoudly ｉｎ the library. 3.try tｏ do 尽力做某事I’ｌl ｔry tｏ get there bｅforｅｓｕnｓet.我将尽量在日落前赶到那里。 try ｄｏing 试着做某事Ｗhy ｎoｔ tｒy kｎockiｎg aｔ the baｃｋ door? 为什么不试一试敲后门？ 4．ｒegrｅt to do 遗憾地将做某事 I rｅgret ｔo say ｔhａt Ｉcan’t gｏ with you. reｇreｔ doing 后悔做过某事I rｅgreｔｍｉssiｎg ｓuch a good cｈａｎce of praｃtｉsiｎｇ my spｏkｅｎ Engliｓｈ. 【关系代词引导的定语从句】 (一)、定义:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子，定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。 如：１）Thｅman wｈｏliｖeｓnｅxｔtｏus iｓ a ｐoliceman. 2)Yｏu must ｄｏeｖeryｔhｉng that I do. 上面两句中的maｎ和ｅｖerｙthinｇ是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词ｔｈat，which,who(宾格whom,所有格whｏｓe）和关系副词ｗhe ｒe, when、whｙ 、引导定语从句2、代替先行词３、在定语从句中担当一个成分 (二）、关系代词引导的定语从句 １.who指人，在从句中做主语 (１)Tｈe ｂoys who aｒe playinｇfootball arｅfrom CｌasｓOne.
英语代词专项及解析 一、初中英语代词 1．If we have too___________ fat and sugar, we will be in poor health. A. few B. little C. many D. much 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：如果我吃太多的脂肪和糖，我不会健康。A.少数几个，修饰可数 名词；B.一点，修饰不可数名词；C.许多，修饰可数名词；D.许多修饰不可数名词fat and sugar是不可数名词，故排除AC，根据we will be in poor health.可知是吃太多的脂肪和糖，故答案是D。 2．— What kind of books do you like? —I like the books are about powerful and successful people. A. that B. who C. whom D. whose 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：——你喜欢什么样的书？——我喜欢那些关于有权势和成功人士 的书。A：that 没有词义，关系代词，作主语或宾语；B：who谁，作主语或宾语；C：whom谁，宾格，用在介词之后；D：whose谁的，作定语；由句子结构可知，是定语从句，先行词books，指物，在参加中作主语，要用关系代词that。故选A。 【点评】考查关系代词的辨析。理解关系代词的用法，根据句子结构，选择正确的关系代词。 3．—I'm sorry I made some mistakes in my exam. —It doesn't matter. ________ makes mistakes. A. Somebody B. None C. Everybody D. Nobody 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：——对不起，我在考试中犯了一些错。——没关系。每个人都会 出错。Somebody某人，none没有人，everybody每个人，nobody没有人。根据It doesn't matter可知，对于考试犯错是没有关系的，因此表示每个人都会出错，故答案选C。 【点评】考查代词，everybody每个人。 4．Some questions in the exam are _______ difficult that ______ students can work them out. A. such; few B. such; little C. so; little D. so; few 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：考试中的一些问题是如此难，以至于几乎没有学生能做出来。so…that…如此……以至于……，so修饰形容词或副词；such…that…如此……以至于……，such修饰名词；第一空根据空后为形容词可知，此处应该用so修饰；few很少，几乎没有，表示否定意思，修饰可数名词；little很少，几乎没有，表示否定意思，修饰不可数名词。第二空根据空后为可数名词复数可知，应该用few修饰，故选D。 【点评】考查短语辨析和代词辨析。注意区分so…that…和such…that…，区分few和little