（1）英文中主要有这样一些不定代词：every, each, both, all, either, neither, one, none, litter, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no.另外还有由some, any, no和every构成的合成代词，如：somebody, anything, nothing等。
①both, either和neither
这三词都可以用来指两个人或两件事物，但各自的意义都不相同：both表示―两个都‖、either表示―两个中的任何一个‖、neither表示―两者都不……‖。它们在句中都分别可以作主语、宾语、和定语，both还可以作同位语，如：Neither of us could help laughing.
You may take either of the two books.
Both of the books are helpful.两本书都很有益。
Both of the books are not helpful.
并非两本书都很有益。Both用在含not的句中表示部分否定。
Neither可以表示全部否定。如：
Neither of the books are not helpful.
②all
在谈到三个或三个以上的人或事物时，或是不可数的事物时，我们都可以用all。它在句中可以充当主语、宾语、定语和同位语、表语，有时还可以作副词用。如：
This is all he knew about it.（作表语）
They were all covered with dust.(作副词)
All 用在含not 的句子中表示部分否定，none 可以表示全否定。如：
All of the answers are right. 所有的答案都是对的。
All of the answers are not right. 并非所有的答案都是对的。
Not all of the answers are right. 并非所有的答案都是对的。
None of the answers is/are right. 所有的答案都是不对的。
all 做主语时的谓语一致：all的单数由它所修饰或指代的名词的单数决定。如：
All goes well.
All the changes are welcomed by the people.
all还可以用在一些词组中，如：
all day 整天all night 整夜all this 所有这些
all the year round 整年all day long 一天到晚all the time 一直
③each 和every
each 和every 这两个词在中文里都有―每一个‖的意思，但它们在句子里各自强调的侧重点却不同：every 从每个个体着眼而强调―整体‖；而each 却是把一些东西一个一个地加以考虑，强调―各个‖。every 只能作定语；each 则可以作主语，宾语，定语和同位语。另外，every 可用于【every other (或every+数词)＋名词】的结构中，表示―每隔……‖。如：every other day每隔一天every three years每隔三年
every third year每隔三年every other line 每隔一行
every ten miles 每隔十英里
each 后可以接―of ‖介词短语，表示―某些人或物中的每一个‖，every 后不可以接―of‖介词短语，everyone可以直接做主语，后面不跟of,但是every one of的结构十存在的。
不可以说：The teacher gave every of us a gift.
可以说：The teacher gave each of us a gift.
不可以说：The teacher gave everyone of us a gift.
可以说：The teacher gave every one of us a gift.
each 用于做主语时，做单数对待。each 用于同位语时，谓语动词和主语保持一致。如：
Each of us knows the matter.
We each know the matter.
every 与not 连用，表示部分否定；each和not连用表示全部否定。如：
Every man is not honest. 并非每个人都真实。
Each man is not honest. 这儿每个人都不诚实。
④one与ones
代替前面刚提到的人或事物以避免重复，one用来代替可数名词，有复数形式ones，所有格one’s和反身代词oneself .ones可以指代具体的人或者具体的东西，还可以泛指所有的人。如：
This problem is a difficult one. 这个问题是个不好解决的问题。
I don’t like colored envelopes .I like white ones. 我不喜欢花信封，我喜欢白的。
This film is not as good as the one we saw last week. 这片子没有我们上周看的好。
Modesty helps one go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.(泛指)谦虚使人进步，骄傲使人落后。
⑤some 与any
some 与any都相当于―一些‖之意，但意思并不强，因此汉译时经常可省去―一些‖这样的字眼。它们作定语时多，这时候some 多用于肯定句，any多用于否定句，疑问句或条件句。在表示请求，建议，反问或是希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中，常用some而不用any。另外，some可与数词连用，表示―大约‖的意思。如：
Could you mind buying me some envelopes on your way to school?
你能在去上学的路上，帮我买几个信封吗？
Will you give me some paper? 请给我一点纸。
Some hundred teachers have moved into new houses. 约有百位教师搬进新居。
The bridge was built some two hundred years ago. 这座桥大约建于两百年前。
⑥few, a few; little, a little的用法
few 和a few以及little和a little是两组差异相同词，但前一组用于可数名词，而后一组却用于不可数名词；另外few 与little都有―几乎没有‖的否定意思，few用于可数名词，little用于不可数名词；a few与a little表示―几个或一点‖的肯定意思，a few用于可数名词，a little用于不可数名词。
⑦other, the other, another, others, the others
Other不单独使用，其后一定出现名词，如：other people, other students. 当用于表示两个中的另一个时，用the other. The other既可单独使用，也可后接名词。当表示两个以上的人或物中其余的人或物时，用the others。当表示另外的，其他的人或物时用others。others后面不会出现名词，一般单独使用。表示无范围的―另一‖时用another。如：
I don’t like the red skirt. Will you please show me another one?
He had his papers in one hand, his hat in the other.
Eight of them are mine, the others are John’s.
Don’t speak ill of others behind them.
another +数词＋名词＝数词+more +名词，表示―再……‖―另外……‖。如：
I want to buy another two books. =I want to buy two more books.
Some…some…others…表示―一些，一些，另一些。‖
the other ＝the rest ―其余的‖
the rest of…也可以表示―其余的……‖可接复数名词，也可接不可数名词。如：
the rest of the workers the rest of the money
⑧all/whole
两者都表示―全部‖―整个‖。他们的区别在于：all可接复数可数名词和不可数名词，而whole一般接单数可数名词。All可用于冠词或其他限定词前，而whole只用于冠词之后。如：
The whole book is interesting.
All the chapters are interesting.
⑨anyone/any one; no one/none/nothing
anyone 仅指人，any one既可指人，也可指物。none后跟of 短语，既可指人又可指物，而no one只单独使用，又指人。
none 作主语，谓语动词用单数，复数都可以，而no one作主语谓语动词只能时单数。如：
None of you could lift it. 你们中没有人可举起它。
⑩it, one, that
It 可指代可数名词和不可数名词。常常指代上文中―the+名词‖或―物主代词+名词‖
中的名词，表示同一件事物，it 代替的事物属于特指。它的副数形式是they 和them。如：The Parkers bought a new house but it need a lot of work before they can move in.
One 所表示的名词（可指人或物）和前面所提到的名词只是同一类中的任何一个，不
是指其中某一个。不能代替不可数名词。复数形式是ones.如：
I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have one.
That指代的也是同一类事物而不是同一个事物，但that代替的是有定冠词的名词，表
特指，它还可以代替不可数名词。用that来代替前面已出现的可数名词（that相当于the
One) 或不可数名词时，后面一定要跟修饰语，且that只能指物。如：
No bread eaten by man is so sweet as that earned by his own labor.
用于可数名词用语不可数名词
单数复数
none(of)指人或物
nobody指人，no one指人nothing指物
回答how many/much问句时，用none none(of)指人或物none(of)指人或物
no指人或物(=not a)
He is no fool.（他绝不是蠢人）No指人或物(=not any+名词复数) No other+名词复数No(=not any+不可数名词)
one(of)指人或物
one another Ones指人或物That指物
The weather here is better than that in Shanghai.
Half(of)指人或物Half(of)指人或物Half(of)指物
the other指人或物
the other+名词单数指人或物（和连用）（the）others指人或物
(the)other+名词复数，指人或物（和some连用）(the)other+不可数名词，指物（和some连用）
another指人或物
another+名词单数指人或物any others指人或物
some others指人或物________________
either(of)指人或物
neither(of)指人或物——————————————
————both(of）指人或物
可作同位语We are both students. _______________
each(of),each one, each other指两个或两个以上的人或物。侧重个体。可作同位语We gave them a present each. ————————————
every每一个（作定语）
every other day everybody(one)人
every one(of) 人或物指三个或三个以上的人和物。侧重全体。every two days -----------
------- few(具有否定意义) a few, quite a few a good few little (具有否定意义)
a little, a bit of
——————fewer(of),fewest(of) less(of), least(of)
--------- several(of)几个
some
someone something Some(of)
Some more(+名词复数) Some(of)
Some more(不可数名词)
——————many(of),more(of),most(of) much(of),more(of) most(of)
----------- Lots of许多, a lot(of)许多plenty of 很多， a great/good many numbers of a great/good/large number of大量的 a quantity of, quantities of lots of许多,a lot(of)许多plenty of a很多a great/good deal/amount of大量的 a quantity of, quantities of
any(of)指人或物anyone, anything 用于否定，疑问和条件句中any(of)指人和物any things any more any(of)指物any more
all(of)指人和物All is not gold that glisters all(of)指人和物可作同位语I know them all. We all know them well. all(of) I spent all of my on books
enough(of) 指人和物enough(of)指物
such 指人和物such 指人和物such 指物
the last + 名词单数，指人或物the last + 名词复数，指人或物
the next + 名词单数，指人或物the next + 名词复数，指人或物
6. 疑问代词
疑问代词有who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever等。疑问代词用于构成特殊疑问句。
（1）which和what
which 用于哟眼一定选择范围的情况，what 用于无选择范围或究竟是什么还不清楚的情况。
Which color do you like best-green, red or white?
What color is her dress?
(2) 疑问代词用于对介词提问时，介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首。
For what do most people live and work? 大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么？
Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all way with you.
你说的我大部分同意，但并不完全赞同。
7. 关系代词who(whom, whose), which和that 引导定语从句。当先行词为人或人格化的动物时。用who, whom, whose; 当先行词为无生命的东西时，用which, that, 适用于两种情况。关系代词的格取决于它在从句中的语法作用；关系代词如果在从句中作主语、表语，则用主格；如果作宾语则用宾语。如：
This is the athlete who everybody says will win the gold at Winter Olympic Games.这就是那位人人都说会在冬季奥林匹克运动会上获金牌的运动员。
The picture which has a house and flowers is the one I like best.
那张有房子和花的图画我最喜欢。
（1）不用that的情况
①在引导非限定性定语从句时
（错）The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
②介词后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which get our food from.
(2)只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
①在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that, 不用which。
②先行词有the only, the very 修饰时，只用that。
③先行词杯序数词，数词，形容词最高级修饰时，只用that。
④先行词既有人，又有物时。
如：
All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
那贼最终把透的全部东西交给了警察。
8.相互代词
表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词，有each other 和one another 两组。Each other用于两个人或事情之间，one another用于两个以上的人或事物之间，但在现代英语终，这种区别已经不怎么强烈了。如：
He put all the books beside each other/one another. 他把所有书并列摆放起来。
Usually these small groups were independent of each other.
这些小团体通常时相互独立的。
相互代词可加―－s‖构成所有格。如：
The students borrowed each other’s notes. 学生们互借笔记。
【典型例题】
【例1】If one is not enough, take_______.
A. one
B. other
C. the other
D. another
【答案】D
【解析】other不可以单独存在，后面必须出现名词。The other表示两者终的另一个。One的指代不清楚。another 表示―另一个。‖
【例2】Some students are playing basketball, _______are listening to the music.
A. another
B. the other
C. others
D. other
【答案】C
【解析】the other表示两者终的另一个。another表示―另一个‖。Other不可以单独存在，后面必须出现名词。Other 表示―其余的‖。
【例3】______of us like to play the game again.
A. A good many
B. A lots
C. Many a
D. Many
【答案】D
【解析】a good many许多，用来修饰可数名词。不可以接of结构；a lot of/lots of 许多，用来修饰可数名词和不可数名词。
many a +可数名词单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，意义上相当于many+可数名词。
【例4】What would you like for breakfast? _______will do so long as it fills my stomach.
A. Anything
B. Something
C. Nothing
D. Everything
【答案】A
【解析】so long as 只要。Anything will do=anything will be ok随便扫描都可以。
【例5】Which side shall I take hold of, this side or that side? You can take hold of _______ side.
A. each
B. either
C. both
D. every
【答案】B
【解析】every表示三者或三者以上的人物。Either表示两者终的任何一个。
【例6】--- When shall we meet again?
--- Make it _______day you like; It’s all the same to me.
A. one
B. any
C. another
D. some
【答案】B
【解析】如果按照一般的语法规则―any用于疑问句和否定句，some用于肯定‖而选D，这显然是脱离了具体的语境。由后面―It’s all the same to me.‖判断，是让对方任定一天，any用于肯定句，表示―任何一个的‖。
1．用以加强语气，表示亲自。
If one wants knowledge of a skill, one must take part in it oneself.
He went there himself the day before yesterday.
2. 与典型介词搭配，构成固定短语，表达特定含义。
1) (all) by oneself 单独地
When I was young, I had to make a living all by myself.
Would you go there by yourself?
2) to oneself 独自享用
When he eats in a restaurant, he likes a table to himself.
3) for oneself 为自己；独自
One shouldn’t live for himself alone.
You must find it out for yourself.
4) of oneself自动地
The door opened of itself.
5) between ourselves私下里
Just between ourselves, I don’t think much of him.
6) in oneself本身
The materials in themselves were not poisonous.
7) beside oneself喜怒时发狂
She was beside herself with joy.
8) by itself自然地
The machine will start by itself in a few seconds.
3. 与典型动词搭配，构成固定短语。
1) be not oneself身体不好
I’m not quite myself today.(I’m unwell.)
2) enjoy oneself玩得很痛快
3) help oneself to sth. 随便吃
Please help yourself to some fish.
4) teach oneself sth.自学
When he was young, he taught himself advanced mathematics.
5) accustom oneself to 习惯于
He quickly accustomed himself to this new way of life.
6) devote oneself to致力于
I am determined to devote myself to the cause of education.
7) adapt oneself to适应
She quickly adapted herself to the new climate.
8) adjust oneself to调整；适应
The body quickly adjusts itself to changes in temperature. 9) behave oneself举止得体
Please behave yourselves.
10) dress oneself穿衣服
He is too young to dress himself.
11) seat oneself就坐
He seated himself in the chair and began to read the novel.
12) make oneself heard / understood / seen / known / believed让自己被（别人）听见/听懂/看见/认识/相信He raised his voice to make himself heard by all.
13) find oneself无意识中发现自己
At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and sat down to eat our picnic lunch.
14) express oneself清楚表达自己的意思
He is still unable to express himself in English.
15) talk to oneself自言自语
16) come to oneself 苏醒
指示代词this,that,these,those的用法
一、距离说话人近的人或物用this / these, 距离说话人远的人或物用that / those。如：
This is an apple tree. (近处)这是一棵苹果树。
That is an orange tree.(远处)那是一棵桔子树。
二、介绍放在一起的两样东西，先说this / these, 后说that / those。如：
This is a pen. That is a pencil.这是一枝钢笔，那是一枝铅笔。
三、向别人介绍某人时说"This is ..." 不用"That is ..."。如：
This is Tom. Tom, this is Jack. 这是汤姆。汤姆，这是杰克。
四、This is 不能缩写，而that is 可以缩写成that's。如：
This is a bus. That's a car. 这是一辆公共汽车，那是一辆轿车。
五、在回答this 或that 作主语的疑问句时，要用it 代替this 或that。these，those要用they替代如：
-Is this a book? 这是一本书吗？
-Yes, it is. 是的，这是本书。
-What's that? 那是什么？
-It's a kite. 那是个风筝。
— Are these your friends?
— Yes, they are. / No, they aren't.
六、打电话时，介绍自己用this, 询问对方用that。
注意不可用"I am ..."或"Are you ..." "Who are you?" 等句式。如：
-Hello! Is that Miss Green? 你好！你是格林小姐吗？
-Yes. This is Miss Green speaking. Who's that? 是的，我是格林小姐，你是谁？
-Oh. This is Mr Brown. 哦，我是布朗先生。
七these是this的复数形式，those是that的复数形式。this，that和is 连用，而these，those和are 连用。this is，these are，those are不存在缩写形式，只有that is有缩写形式，即that's。如：
These are my friends.
Those are their aunts.
That's his father. = That is his father.
八this /these 指代下文将要叙述的人或物。that / those 指代上文提到的人或物
人称代词主格与宾格的选择方法
英语中的人称代词（Personal Pronouns）有主格、宾格和所有格之分，如：
I, me, my ; he, him, his ; they, them,their等。
顾名思义，主格（The nominative case）用作主语，宾格（The objective case）用作宾语，所有格（The possessive case）则表示所有之物。
在实际运用中，主格和宾格代词有时会混淆。下面是常见的问题：
⒈在复合结构里，人称代词的主格和宾格在单独使用时，没有问题，如很少人会犯下这样的错误：
*（1）Wilcox spoke to I.
*（2）Her knew what had happened.
但在复合结构中，错误就难免了，如：
*（3）Wilcox spoke to my friend and I.
*（4）He and her knew what had happened.
*（5）This is between you and he.
这种错误是可避免的。第一，在有介词的复合结构中，特别要注意，第二个人称代词，必须用宾语，如："for you and me"和"between Maria and him".第二，试把复合结构中的另一部分暂时用括号围起来，那么该用的格就容易辨别了，如：
（6）This message is for （My father and）I or me.
（7）（Marry and）he or him went downtown together.
显然的，（5）里的代词是宾格的"me", （6）里的代词是主格的"he".
⒉在比较结构里，连接词"as"或"than"后面，按理用主格式，但在口语中，人们常用宾格形式，学美式英语者，更是如此：
（8）a. You did as well as she.
b. You did as well as her.
（9）a. I am older than he.
b. I am older than him.
（a）和（b）两种说法，都可接受。但如果"as"和"than"后头分句的主语和词动都要完整出现的话，这时的人称代词，就必须是主格，如下：
（10）You did as well as she did.
（11）I am older than he is .
此外，还有一点要注意，就是"as"和"than"后面虽然在语法上用主格好，用宾格也可，但是有时意思会有所不同。试比较（a）和（b）：
（12）a. Jason praised Maria more highly than I.
b. Jason praised Maria more highly than me.
（12）a和b都被接受，但（12）a等于（13）a，而（12）b等于（13）B：
（13）a. Jason praised Maria more highly than I did （= I praised Maria）.
b. Jason praised Maria more highly than he praised me.
显然，这两句的深层意思大有差别。遇到这种情形，为了避免误解，不妨根据要表达的意思用完整的句式表达出来。换句话说，必要的话，要用（13）这句子。
不然，把（13）a变成（14）, （13）b变成（15）也可：
（14）I did not praise Maria as highly as Jason did.
（15）Jason did not praise me as highly as he praised Maria.
人称代词之主、宾格的替换
1) 宾格代替主格
a.在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在not 后，多用宾格。
---- I like English.--我喜欢英语。
---- Me too.--我也喜欢。
---- Have more wine?--再来点酒喝吗?
---- Not me.--我可不要了。
b.在表示比较的非正式的文体中，常用宾格代替主格。但如果比较状语的谓语保留，则主语只能用主格。
He is taller than I/me.
He is taller than I am.
2) 主格代替宾格
a. 在介词but，except 后，有时可用主格代替宾格。
b. 在电话用语中常用主格。
---- I wish to speak to Mary. --我想和玛丽通话。
---- This is she.--我就是玛丽。
注意：在动词be 或to be 后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。
I thought it was she.我以为是她。(主格----主格)
I thought it to be her.(宾格----宾格)
I was taken to be she.我被当成了她。(主格----主格)
They took me to be her.他们把我当成了她。(宾格----宾格)
反身代词除单独使用作同位语来加强语气外，还可同某些动词搭配构成词组。如：
1.behave oneself 有礼貌;规矩
He behaves himself well.他为人很好。
Behave yourself while I am away.我不在,你要规矩点。
2..enjoy oneself 过得快活
We all enjoyed ourselves in the party.我们在聚会上都玩得很痛快。
3..express oneself 表达自己的意思
Can you express yourself in English? 你能用英语表达思想吗?
He expressed himself satisfied.他表示满意。
4..present oneself 到场；present itself出现
He presented himself for a checkup at the hospital.他到医院接受体格检查。
When the cave door was unlocked, a sorrowful sight presented itself。山洞门一打开,就出现了一幅悲惨的景象。
5.. reveal itself 出现
Gradually sounds multiplied and life revealed itself.声音渐渐多起来,生活又开始了。
6..collect oneself 清醒过来,镇定下来
I accepted the offer before I was able to collect myself. 我还没来得及考虑一下,就接受了帮助。
有时―动词+反身代词‖之后,还需要一定的介词。例:
7..busy oneself with 忙于
He busied himself with numerous tasks around the house. 他忙于家里的许多事情。
8..avail oneself of 利用
We availed ourselves of every chance to speak English.我们利用每个机会讲英语。
9.. address oneself to 专心于(工作)
They address themselves to the main difficulties.他们专心致志解决主要困难。
10.devote oneself to 致力于;献身于
We are determined to devote ourselves to the cause of education. 我们决心为教育事业献身。
有些动词接反身代词后再接that从句:
11..assure oneself that... 确信
Before going to bed, she assure herself that the door was locked. 她确信门已锁好才去睡觉。
12.flatter oneself that ... 自以为
He flattered himself that he would win the first prize. 她自以为会获得第一名。
13．pride oneself on 以……为自傲
She prided herself on her beauty．
她以其美貌为荣。
14．please oneself 随自己之意
Well，please yourself，I don't mind what you do．
好吧，请便，我不介意你所做的。
15．talk to oneself 自言自语
What are you talking to yourself about？
你在自言自语些什么？
16．think to oneself 自个儿想
I thought to myself on my way home．
在回家的路上我自个儿思索。
17．be oneself 身体或精神健康、正常
She is more herself today．
她今天身体好多了。
18．come to oneself 身体或精神恢复健康、正常
He lost his temper，but soon came to himself．
虽说他发过脾气，但很快就恢复正常了。
19.dress oneself 自己穿衣服
My brother is old enough to dress himself 。
在这些句子中，反身代词或作动词宾语或作介词宾语，位置较为固定，都具有明显的反身作用，属于非强调性的反身代词。而强调性的反身代词也可与介词结合构成固定成语，表示特殊意义。如：
1．by oneself 独立，独自
The little girl wrote the letter all by herself．
那个小女孩自己就把信写好了。
He likes to take a walk by himself．
他喜欢独自散步。
2．of oneself 自行，自然
The light went out of itself．
灯火自行熄灭。
The baby woke up of himself．
那个婴儿自己醒来了。
3．for oneself 自主，独立
We are old enough to do for ourselves．
我们年龄已大，足以自主。
You have a right to decide for yourself．
你有权自己决定。
4．in oneself 本性，本身
The dictionary is a library in itself．
辞典本身就是一个书库。
These substances are not poisonous in themselves．
这些物质本身无毒。
5．to oneself 私自，心中
I had kept the belief to myself．
我把那个信念藏在心中。
I chucked to myself．
我暗自发笑。
6．beside oneself 发狂，情不自禁
His wife was beside herself with joy．
他的妻子欢喜若狂。
He is almost beside himself．
他几乎精神失常。
7．between ourselves 私下说的话
All this is between ourselves．
这些都不能告诉别人。
no adj. & adv.
△ No the teachers went on strike. ×
There are no any students in the classroom. ×
1.修饰可数名词单数时，no = not a
I have no friends. = I don’t have a friend.
There’s no bus. = There’s not a bus.
2. 修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词时，no = not any
There are no people in the room. = There aren’t any people in the room.
I have no time. = I have not any time.
There is no water in the glass. = There isn’t any water in the glass.
3. no修饰名词时，这个名词前不能有冠词(a / the)、物主代词(my / your…)、指示代词(this / that) 或all / every，如果有，要改为none of…。
none of = not any of
None of my friends came to the party. = Not any of my friends came to the party.
No teachers went out.(不说No the teachers went out.)
none 指人或指物, 其后常接of短语。
none of + 复数名词（或代词），其后的动词单复均可。
none of + 物质名词或抽象概念，其后的动词要用单数。
None of them have / has seen him.
None of this money belongs to me.
None of her relations are / is interested.
none 还可以单独使用，如：
―Is there any coal left?‖―No, none at all.‖
―How many students are there in the classroom?‖―None.‖
―How many of the books have you read?‖―None at all.‖
―How much water left is there in the bottle?‖―None.‖
比较：No one thinks he is clever.(= Nobody thinks he is clever.)
No one knows what they fought about.
No one likes a person with bad manners.
―Who are you speaking to?‖―No one.‖(or: Nobody)
―Who(m) did you see enter the lonely house?‖―Nobody.‖(or: No one)
△No one of us attended the meeting. ×
I’ve read no one of his books. ×
1.none 用来指人或物；no one (= nobody) 主要用来指人(= not even one 意为：连一个也没有，语气重)。
2.none常接of 短语；no one 不能接of 短语。
3.作主语时，none 后面的名词为复数时，动词可用单数或复数；no one 只用作单数，动词也用单数。
4.none 往往用在一定的范围内；no one 没有范围限制。
5.回答who引导的问句用no one或nobody；回答how many或how much引导的问句用none。
6.当谈到两个人或事时，不用no 或none，而用neither。
much / many
△John’s got many friends because he’s got much money.
Tom talks much.
1．much 修饰不可数名词，many 修饰可数名词，它们多用在否定句或疑问句中；在肯定句中多用a lot of, lots of, plenty of，如：
Are there many people in the street?(改用any意思不同)
Tom hasn’t many books.(改用any意思不同)
He doesn’t know much English.
Did you have much trouble with the customs?
2．many 和many 在较为正式的文体中可以用在肯定句中，特别是在句首时，如：
Many machines at the exhibition are made in China.
Much steel has been saved.
3．在肯定句中，在too, so, as之后，以及在某些含有very的词语中，常用many和much，这是正常的，如：Tom talks too much.
There’s so much violence these days.
Try to get as many opinions as you can.
You’ve bought too many tomatoes.
4．在由whether / if 引导的从句中，要用many或much。
They doubt whether he has much knowledge on that subject.
few / a few
Tom has a few friends besides you. (作定语)
Tom has a few friends besides you.
Few of them are any good. (作主语)
A few of them are good.
I know few of these people. (作宾语)
I know few of these people.
1．few修饰可数名词复数。
2．few (= not many; hardly any)含否定意义；a few (= some; several; a small number of) 含肯定意义。3．not a few = no few = quite a few = a good few = many。
4．当few受every, last, past, next, some, very等词所修饰时，表示肯定意义，few之前不再有冠词。如：
In the last few minutes, he checked up his paper again.
It took us some few days to repair the machine.
They are very few in number.
There were too few of them.
He goes to see his grandma every few weeks.
5．在非正式文体中很少见，一般用或代替，如：
Only a few people attended the meeting.
little / a little
Little remains to be done about it. (作主语)
A little remains to be done.
Please give me a little. (作宾语)
He knows a little of everything.
There is very / but little time left. (作定语)
Don’t worry; you still have a little time.
1．little修饰不可数名词，表示―量‖。
2．little含否定意义(反义词：much)；a little含肯定意义(反义词：none)。
3．在非正式英语中，一般很少用little，常用not much, only a little来代替，如：
We haven’t got much money / time.
each
1.each作为限定词用（作定语），后接单数可数名词，如：
Each day is better than the one before.
There is a line of trees on each side of the street.
注：可以说：each sister, my sister(s)，但不可以说：each my sister。
2.当名词前有另一个限定词（冠词、物主代词、指示代词）时，要用each of，（这时的each是代词）后接复数名词，如：
Each of my aunts gave me socks for Christmas.
I’ve invited each of the students in turn.
注：名词前没有其他限定词不用each of，所以不能说：Each of aunts…。
3.each作为代词，也可以用在人称代词前，这时须加of，作主语时动词要用单数，如：
Each of them / us had a try.
Each of them is broken. (cf. Each of the cups is broken.)
Each of them has his own duty.
4.each本身可以独立用作代词，后面不接名词，不用of，作主语时动词要用单数，如：
Each has his merits.
I had some crazy dreams last night. Each was funnier than the last.
注：在这种情况下，以用each one为宜，显得更自然：
Each one was perfect.
Each one was funnier than the last.
5.each可以跟在主语之后作同位语，这时主语和动词均为复数，如：
We each have our own attitude to bringing up children.
The boys each have a new bike.
注：动词为be或有助动词时，each应放在其后。
His sisters have each married businessmen.
The witnesses were each perfectly certain of what they said.
6.each还可以放在间接宾语之后，但一般不用在直接宾语的后面，如：
She sent the children / them each a present.
不说：She kisses them each.
7.each还可以作副词，如：
Give them two books each. (= Give each of them two books.)
The students have ten books each.
each / every
1．each从个体着眼，强调―每个‖人或物的个别情况，表示―各个‖；every从整体着眼，强调共同性，意为―个个都‖（= all），但有时在句中使用时并无太大的区别，如：
You look more beautiful every / each time I see you.
I know every / each member of the family.
Each / Every man carried a box on his shoulder.
2．each用于两者或两者以上；every用于三者或三者以上。
3．each可以作形容词、代词、副词；every只作形容词，只能在句中作定语。
可以说：each of the students / each of them
不说：every of the students / every of them
也不说：Every goes in for sports. / Every was empty.
但可以说：every one of the students / every one of them
Every one (of the rooms) was full of people.
4．every后跟单数名词，所组成的短语作主语时，动词用单数，如：
Every park is crowded on Sunday. (cf. All the parks are crowded on Sunday.)
He has read every book on the subject. (= … all the books on …)
5．every可以表示―每隔……‖，而each则无此意。
I go to Paris every six weeks or so.
6．every可以和not连用，表示否定，而each不行。
Not every man can do this kind of work. (= Every man cannot do this kind of work.)
(cf. Not all men can do this kind of work. = All men cannot do this kind of work.)
one
1．one用来指包括说话者在内的、泛指的任何人。它只用于谈论泛指的人们，不专指某一个个人或确定的一批人、某一特定事件，也不能用来指不包括说话者在内的一群人。
2．one可以作主语或宾语，其所有格是one’s，反身代词是oneself。在美语中，句首用了one，后面可以用he，his，him和himself，如：
One must love one’s country.
One can’t be too careful, can one?
One cannot succeed at this unless one / he tries hard.
One should constantly think of one’s / his weakness.
3．one常用来代替或避免重复某个名词（单数可数），如：
―Do you need my pen?‖―No, thanks. I have got one myself.‖
I haven’t got a raincoat. I’ll have to buy one.
I’m looking for a house. I’d really like one with a garden.
注①：one所代替的是同类事物中的―一个‖，the one所代替的是同类事物中特指的―另一个‖；it所代替的是前面提到过的同一事物；that可代替前面提到过的名词，用于特指，它只能代替事物，不能代替人（定语从句除外），如：
I need a bike but I have no money to buy one.
I need the bike but I have no money to buy it.
This film is not so good as the one we saw last week.
注②：one前不仅可以有冠词，还可以有定语；但one的前面如果没有形容词，不可用a，如：
―Do you have a bike?‖―Yes, I have one. I have a new one.‖
Your question is a difficult one.
I like this book better than the one I read last time.
The white horse is stronger than the black one.
4．one的复数形式是ones，用来代替可数名词复数，如：
I have a new pen and several old ones.
I don’t like coloured envelopes. I like white ones.
5．one不能代替不可数名词，如：milk, energy, happiness等。
6．one of之后用名词复数或复数代词(us, them, you)，而动词用单数，如：
One of my friends is a pilot.
One of your cats has disappeared.
7．通常不说：your one(s) , my one(s) , his one(s)
而说：yours, mine, his
Your car isn’t fast enough. Let’s take mine. (不说：my one)
但有形容词时，则可以说：Let’s take my new one.
all
1．作主语：All of my friends like riding.
All I want is a room somewhere.
All is going well.
All are here.
2．作宾语：I’ll give you all you want.
I’ve read all of the book.
3．作表语：That’s all for today.
Is that all you want to say / know?
4．作定语：All children can be naughty sometimes.
All matter is composed of atoms.
5．作同位语：My friends all like riding. (在动词之前)
They have all gone to the park. (在第一个助动词之后)
We are all tired. (在be动词之后)
How kind you all are to me! (强调表语并将其提前时，all在主语之后，系动词之前。) 注①：all作主语，若指人，表示三者以上的人，动词用复数；代表整体物、抽象概念或情况时，表示―一切；所有‖，动词用单数。
注②：在人称代词前面，只能用all of，不用all，且代词用宾格，动词用复数。
可以说：all of us, all of you, all of them
不说：all us, all we, all you, all them或all they
注③：名词前有冠词、指示代词、所有格或其他限定词时，既可用all，也可用all of，意思不变，如：all (of) the papers, all (of) my friends, all (of) the water
若名词前没有冠词、指示代词等，只可以用all，不用all of。
All roads lead to Rome.
All hope is gone.
All whisky is expensive.
△特例：all one’s life 如：all his life, all my life。
注④：all还可以放在直接宾语或间接宾语之后，但这个宾语必须是人称代词，如：
Love to you all. (不说：Love to the family all.)
I’ve eaten them all. (不说：I’ve eaten the cakes all.)
I’ve finished it all. (不说：I’ve finished the work all.)
但：all 不能用于表语之后，不可以说：This is it all.
all / every
all 表示―大家都……‖，或者―全部……都‖，强调整体，注意力不在个体；every 表示整体的每个个体，尽管每一个个体加在一起也相当于一个整体，但不把各别个体单独看待，而当作整体的代表，从每一个个体着眼，如：
He has read all the books on the shelf.
He has read every book on the shelf.
Every house in the street has been sold.
All the houses in the street have been sold.
Not every man can do this kind of work.
Not all men can do this kind of work.
1．all 可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语；every只能作定语，不可以说：every of them。
2．all之后可以跟the或其他限定词；而every不能，不可以说：every the student(s)。
3．all可以与复数名词或动词连用；every之后的动词只能是单数。
4．all还可以跟单数名词连用，表示every part of (整个地)；every则没有此意，试比较：
She was here all day. (整天)
She was here every day. (每天)
5．every可以表示―每隔……的‖，―每……中的‖；all则没有这个意思，如：
every three days / choose one out of every ten boys
6．不过，every 的合成词可以起名词作用，作主语、宾语等，如：
Everyone is here. (= All are here.)
Everything is going well. (= All is going well.)
both
一、与名词或代词连用：
1．名词前没有限定词（如：冠词、物主代词、指示代词），both单独用，不加of，如：
Both children have been to Beijing.
Both answers are correct.
2．名词前如果有限定词，both 或both of均可，如：
Both (of) the girls are very diligent.
Both (of) my children have been to Beijing.
I want both (of) these books.
3．与人称代词连用，要用both of，人称代词为宾格，如：
Both of them / us were born on March 19th.
The letter’s addressed to both of them / us / you.
不说：both we / both us / both them
但可以说：us both / them both , 如：He invited us both.
4．both前面不能加冠词，不可以说：The both children have been to Beijing.
二、与动词连用（both指句子的主语）：
1．在实义动词之前，如：
We both like riding.
2．在be动词之后，如：
You are both wrong.
3．在第一个助动词之后，如：
They are both waiting for the bus.
We must both go there.
4．强调表语并将其提前时，both位于主语之后，系动词之前，如：
How silly you both are!
5．在疑问句的简略回答中，both须放在助动词或情态动词之前，如：
―Were both of the cups broken?‖―Yes, they both were.‖
―Who can do it?‖―We both can.‖
三、作代词单独使用：
Both are right.
I’ll take both, please.
记住下列句子：Both cats are asleep.
Both the cats are asleep.
Both of the cats are asleep.
The cats are both asleep.
either / neither
1．作为限定词，用于单数可数名词之前，不与其他限定词（如冠词、物主代词、指示代词）同时使用；either或neither 之后不加of，所构成的词组作主语时，动词用单数，如：
可以说：either room, neither room, the room, my room;
不可以说：the either room, either my room, neither his parents.
例句：Either day is OK.
You may take either road.
Neither sentence is correct.
Neither dictionary belongs to me.
注①either或neither都不能用作同位语。
注②either有时可以表示―两个都‖，特别是后接side或end时，如：
There are roses on either side of the door. (= both sides)
2．作为代词可以单独使用，如：
Either will do.
You may take either with you.
Neither is mine.
―Which will you have?‖―Neither, thank you.‖
3．作为代词还可以和of连用，后接复数名词，但名词前必须再有一个限定词（如冠词、物主代词、指示代词），如：Either of the books will do.
Has either of your parents visited you?
Neither of these sentences is/are correct.
Neither of the books is/are very interesting.
不可以说：either of books；neither his parents。
4．在人称代词之前要用either of或neither of（代词要用宾格），如：
Either of you could do it.
Neither of them was / were in good health.
I have seen neither of them before.
注①：在带有either of作主语的句子中，动词一般用单数，如：
Either of the sisters knows English very well.
Either of the children is quite capable of looking after the baby.
但在否定句中，特别是在非正式文体中，却常用复数，如：
I don’t think either of them are at home.
注②：在neither of作主语的句子中，动词可用单数，也可用复数；在非正式文体中，复数更常见。
Cf.
Both of us are not teachers. 我们两个并非都是教师。
Neither of us is a teacher.我们两个都不是教师。
Either of us isn’t a teacher.我们两个都不是教师。
Neither of you can go.
Both of you can’t go.
△ both…not ≠neither
everyone / every one
everyone只能指人（每人；人人）= everybody作主语时动词用单数。
every one既可指人，又可指物（一般用来指物）
In a small village, everyone knows everyone else.
Everyone is here.
I would like everyone to be happy.
Every one of the cups was broken.
Every one of us has an English-Chinese dictionary.
She took my bottles of whisky and emptied every one down the sink.
注：在表示某种范围内的―每个人‖时，everyone后通常接in + 集体名词；而every one则接of + 具体名词或代词（复数、宾格）。
可以说：every one of us / every one of the rooms；
不可以说：everyone of us / everyone of the rooms （everyone后不加of短语）。例如：
Everyone in our class likes playing football.
Every one of the students is getting ready for the exam.
Every one of us is getting ready for the exam.
anyone / any one
anyone只能指人（任何人）= anybody；其后不可用of短语。
any one既可指人，又可指物，意为―任何一个人（或物）‖，表示只限一个；通常和of短语连用。例如：
Is there anyone at home?
Anyone can do that. Anyone knows that.
You may choose any one of them / these books.
Any one of us can do the work.
注：one + of –属格结构可用在every，each，any等限定词之后，如：
Every one of the cups was broken.
但用在each, any之后的one可以省略，如：
Each / Any (one) of us could have made the same mistake.
高考英语语法专题复习 三、代词 知识要点： 代词是代替名词、名词短语或句子的词。代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、不定代词、疑问代词、相互代词、连接代词、关系代词等九类。 一、人称代词 人称代词在句中可以用作主语(用主格，如I, you, he, she, it, we, they, 等)和宾语(用宾格，如me, you, him, her, it, us, them等)： 人称代词的用法: 注：(1)在电话中或It is/was...that/who...强调句型中被强调部分做主语时，用主格： ---Is that Mr. Li? ---Yes. This is he. It’s I who did it. 这是我干的。 (2)单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格： “I’m tired.” “Me too.” “我累了。”“我也累了。”“Who wants this?” “Me.” “谁要这个？”“我要。” (3)有时用主格或宾格会导致意思的变化： I like you better than he. 我比他更喜欢你。为I like you better than he likes you. I like you better than him. 我喜欢你胜过喜欢他。为I like you better than I like him. (4)人称代词的排列顺序：单数人称代词通常按“二三一”排列，即you, he and I； 复数人称代词通常按“一二三”排列，即 we, you and they：You, he and I are of the same age. 你，他和我都是同一年龄。 We , you and they are all good citizens. 我们，你们和他们都是好公民。 但若用于承担责任或错误等场合，则可把第一人称 I 置于其他人称代词之前： Tom and I hope to go there. 汤姆和我想去那儿。I and Tom are to blame. 我和汤姆该受批评。 但是，you and I 是固定结构，语序通常不宜颠倒。 (5)人称代词后跟名词同位语。有些人称代词后有时可跟同位语： These small desks are for us students. 这些小课桌是给我们学生的。 We girls often go to the movies together. 我们女孩子常一起去看电影。 He asked you boys to be quiet. 他要你们男孩子安静些。 二、物主代词 物主代词分形容词性物主代词(my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their)和名词性物主代词(mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs)。形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，置于名词前，作定语；名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、连用of作定语：His son is taller than hers. 他的儿子比她的儿子高。 Ours is a great country. 我们的国家是一个伟大的国家 Her son is a friend of ours. 她的儿子是我们的朋友。 This is your pen. Mine is in the box. 这是你的铅笔，我的在铅笔盒里。 注：(1) a friend of mine (ours, yours, hers, his, theirs)结构 (2) 物主代词与own 连用。表强调。也可用of one’s own置于名词后作定语： Mind your own business. 别管闲事。
代词： 1、代词的分类：英语中代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、 反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定代词等等。 2、人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。 1、主格用来作句子的主语、表语。如：I often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去购物) / Are they from Brazil?(他们是巴西人吗？)/ Where have they gone?(他们上哪儿去了？)/ That’s
it.(就那么回事) / It’s he!(是他！) 2、宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。如：Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的 英语？) / Help me!(救救我！) / We often write letters to her.(我们常给他写信) 3、人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或 as之后时,可以用主格形式,也可以用宾格形式,口语 中大多用宾格。如：--Who is it?(是谁？)–It’s I/me.(是我。) 4、三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含“我”时,按照“you→he→I”的顺序表达。如： Both he and I are working at that computer company.(我和他都在那家电脑公司上班) –Who will go there?(谁要去那儿？) –You and me.(你和 我) 5、人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示“时 间、天气、温度、距离、情况”等含义,此外还可以 作“非人称代词”使用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定 式、动名词或者名词性从句。如：--What’s the weather like today?(今天天气怎样？)—It’s fine.(天气晴好) / --What’s the time?(几点啦？) –It’s 12：00.(12点) / It’s a long way to go.(那 可要走好长的路)/ It took him three days to clean his house.(打扫屋子花了他三天的时间) / It is very clear that the public want to know
英语中代词的用法 代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。 一、人称代词是表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、"我们"、"你们"、"他们"的词。人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表： 数单数复数 格主格宾格主格宾格 第一人称I me we us 第二人称you you you you he him they them 第三人称she her hey them it it t they them 主格作主语或表语，如：He is my friend. 他是我的朋友。It’s me. 是我。 宾格作及物动词和介词的宾语, 还可作表语. Aunt Li took care of us. Who is knocking at the door It's me. 二、物主代词表示所有关系的代词，也可叫做代词所有格。物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种，其人物和数的变化见下表。 形容词性物主代词my your his/her its our your their 名词性物主代词mine yours his/hers its ours yours/ theirs 形容词性物主代词只能做定语,修饰名词,相当于形容词,如：I like his car. 我喜欢他的小汽车。 名词性物主代词可以做主语、宾语和表语，相当于名词, 如：Our school is here，and theirs is there. 我们的学校在这儿，他们的在那儿。 三、指示代词表示"那个"、"这个"、"这些"、"那些"等指示概念的代词。指示代词有this，that，these，those 等。 如：That is a good idea. 那是个好主意。 四、表示"我自己"、"你自己"、"他自己"、"我们自己"、"你们自己"和"他们自己"等的代词，叫做自身代词，也称为"反身代词"。反身代词表示主语发生的动作落在主语自己身上,或用来加强名词或代词的语气。 如：She was talking to herself. 她自言自语。 I hope he didn't hurt herself. She taught herself English. 五、表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词，有each other和one another两组，但在运用中，这两组词没什么区别。 如：They love each other. 他们彼此相爱。 六、不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的不定代词有a11，both，each，every等，以及含有some-，any-，no-等的合成代词，如anybody，something，none。这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，但none和由some，any，no等构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语；every和no只能作定语。如： ---Do you have a car? --你有一辆小汽车吗？ ---Yes，I have one. --是的，我有一辆。
代词 代词可以分为下列九类1 人称代词2 物主代词3 自身代词4. 相互代词5. 指示代词6. 疑问代词7. 关系代词8. 连接代词9 不定代词 人称代词做主语时用主格，做宾语时用宾格。在作表语时，用宾格较多，例如：Who is knocking at the door? --- It’s me. 但在强调结构中却常用主格：It was he who did it.. It is she who wants this clothes. 在使用人称代词时有下面几点值得注意： 1）she可以用来代表国家，船只，大地，月亮等。 e.g. I think England will do what she promised to do. 2) 在并列的主语中，I总放在最后。e.g. Mary and I will be in charge of the case. 3) 第三人称，男女两性并用时，男先女后。He and she still don’t agree to the plan. 二物主代词 1. 1）表语Whose dictionary is this? ----it’s mine. 2) 主语Ours is a big family. 3) 宾语Let’s clean their room first and ours later. 2. “of +名词性物主代词”可用作定语 That car of hers is always breaking down.= Her car is ……. 三自（反）身代词 1．这些词可用来： 1）作宾语I can’t express myself in English. 2) 作表语I am not quite myself these days. 我近来身体不大舒服。 3）作主语或宾语的同位语The theory itself is all right. 在作同位语时，自身代词常译作“本人”或“亲自” They must make investigation themselves.他们必须亲自作调查。 与by oneself较难区分By oneself 译为“一个人干（不要别人帮助）” They made the machine all by themselves. 这机器完全是他们自己制造的。 2．自身代词常和某些动词连用 Enjoy oneself, behave oneself(使自己举止良好)，help yourself to sth. 请吃点。。。 Come to oneself苏醒 3．常与某些介词连用 By oneself 一个人做（不要别人帮助） For oneself替自己，自己He has a right to decide for himself. 他有权自己决定。 In oneself 本身This is not a bad idea in itself. 这主意本身并不错。 To oneself供自己用She had a room to herself.她自己住一间房。 四相互代词 One another与each other由于表示相互关系，称为相互代词，两者的用法是差不多的。 We can help one another (each other). We are eager to learn from each other.我们都急欲向彼此学习。 五指示代词 有this, that, these, those. 注意： 1．前面刚提到的东西，英语中常用that (或those)表示，而汉语中却常用这表示。 e.g. We have no time to do it. That’s our trouble.我们没有时间做这事。这就是我们的问题。 2. 指下面要谈到的事物时，常用this, 例如
英语代词的15种用法详解（一） 一、人称代词的语法要点 (1) 人称代词的基本用法：人称代词有主格和宾格之分，主格有I, you, he, she, it, we, they等，它们在句中作主语用，宾格有me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them等，它们在句中作动词或介词的宾语。 (2) 人称代词的排序：有两个或两个以上的人称代词并列时，一般是这样排序的：单数按2—3—1；复数按1—2—3。但在承认错误时，就将I放在最前面了。如： You, he, and I are good friends. 你我他都是好朋友。 We, you and they have been invited to the party. 你们我们和他们都被邀请参加那个晚会。 (3)人称代词后接名词用作同位语：有时人称代词后可接人称代词用作同位语。如： We girls often go to the movies together. 我们女孩子经常一起去看电影。 He asked you boys to be quiet. 他要你们男孩子安静些。 二、物主代词的语法要点 物主代词有形容词性和名词性两种，形容词性物主代词my, your, his, her, its, our, their只在名词前作定语，名词性物主代词mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs不能作定语，但可作主语、宾语、表语或与of连用作后置定语。如： Yours seems bigger than mine. 你的似乎要比我的大些。 My pronunciation is poor. His is even worse. 我的语音不好，他的更差。 三、反身代词的语法要点
1、人称代词顺口溜：人称代词有两类，一类主格一类宾；主格代词本领大，一切动作由它发；宾格代词不动脑，介动之后跟着跑。 2、物主代词顺口溜：物主代词不示弱，带着‘白勺’来捣乱；形容词性物主代，抓住名词不放松； 1、人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语。一般在句首，动词前。 例如：John waited a while but eventually he went home. 约翰等了一会儿，最后他回家了。 John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she. 约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽，还真是她。 说明：在复合句中，如果主句和从句主语相同，代词主语要用在从句中，名词主语用在主句中。在电话用语中常用主格。 例如：When he arrived, John went straight to the bank. 约翰一到就直接去银行了。 I wish to speak to Mary. This is she. 我想和玛丽通话，我就是玛丽。 2、人称代词的宾格在句中作宾语或表语，在动词或介词后。 例如：Do you know him？(作宾语) 你认识他吗？ Who is knocking at the door？It’s me. (作表语) 是谁在敲门？是我。 说明：单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格，即使它代表主语时也是如此。 例如：I like English. Me too. 我喜欢英语。我也喜欢。 3、注意：在动词be 或to be 后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。 例如：I thought it was she.我以为是她。(主格----主格) I thought it to be her.(宾格----宾格) I was taken to be she.我被当成了她。(主格----主格) They took me to be her.他们把我当成了她。(宾格----宾格) 4、人称代词并列时的排列顺序 1）单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为： 第二人称→第三人称→第一人称 即you and I he/she/it and I you, he/she/it and I 顺口溜：第一人称最谦虚，但若错误责任担，第一人称学当先。 例如：It was I and John that made her angry. 2）复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为： 第一人称→第二人称→第三人称 即we and you you and they we, you and they
专题讲解二：代词 考点一：人称代词，物主代词和反身代 三种人称：第一人称（I, we），第二人称（you, you），第三人称（he, she, it, they） 名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+n This is my book.= This is mine. Is that her book? Yes, it’s hers. 专项训练一： 1. Jack will come and join in the game. https://www.doczj.com/doc/3318015029.html, B.we C. our D.ours 2.The news skirt is for ,Mary. A.she B.her C. you D.yours 3.We can find a way to relax from time to time. A.we B.our C. ours D.ourselves 4.Mary is a close friend of . A.mine B.me C. my D.I 5.Most of are League members. A.they B.them C. their D.theirs 6.Miss Smith teaches English. A.we B.our https://www.doczj.com/doc/3318015029.html, D.ours 7.Help to some apples and bananas, boys and girls. A.you B.yours C.yourself D.yourselves 8.D avid and family are planning to take a trip to China for holiday. A.his;his B.her;theirs C.his;their D.him;their 9.is possible to pass the driving test if he practices a lot. A.He B.It C.This D.That 10.Yesterday enjoyed while playing football. A.he,you and I ;ourselves B.you,he and I ;ourselves
高考英语代词知识点单元汇编含答案解析(3) 一、选择题 1．In the past, ____didn’t make much of a difference to your success____ you had a good family background. A．that; if B．it; whether C．that; whether D．it; if 2．With ________ mistakes, ________ is no wonder that the man got laid off only after working for several months. A．such many…there B．many such…it C．such many…it D．many such…there 3．The movie is not quite as good as the play ____ was adapted from. A．that B．which C．it D．what 4．Standard Cognition, a startup company. in California, has developed technology that works like of Amazon Go, but it seeks to sell its artificial intelligence system to businesses for use in their own stores A．the one B．those C．that D．one 5．I would like to buy a flat in the suburb and sold ______ in downtown , because I want to live near my Mom’s. A．the one B．the other C．it D．another 6．Travellers to that area can carry disease to their own countries that have never experienced_____. A．them B．it C．themselves D．itself 7．People were dressed in elegant costumes, all of _____ suitable for a multicultural parade. A．which B．whom C．them D．who 8．The old couple preferred a flat in a small town to ______ in so large a city as Chongqing．A．this B．it C．that D．one 9．The information on the Internet gets around much more rapidly than in the newspaper. A．it B．those C．one D．that 10．The tallest girl over there is ________ who works very hard in our class . A．a girl B．the girl C．one D．the one 11．In my opinion, there’s no greater happiness than of succeeding in one’s career. A．one B．it C．that D．those 12．I would appreciate____________ if you could help me out when I am in trouble. A．that B．one C．it D．this 13．Generally speaking, the information on the Internet is faster than ______ in newspapers. A．that B．this C．it D．one 14．Located in the center of Melbourne， Australia， are two tall towers designed by building architect Phil Rowe， both of shaped like massive tree houses rather than skyscrapers. A．who B．them C．which D．whom
高中英语代词用法小结 代词可以分为下列九类：1 人称代词2 物主代词3 自身代词4. 相互代词5. 指示代词）6. 疑问代词7. 关系代词8. 连接代词9 不定代词 人称代词做主语时用主格，做宾语时用宾格。 在作表语时，用宾格较多，例如：Who is knocking at the door? --- It’s me. 但在强调结构中却常用主格：It was he who did it. It is she who wants this clothes. 在使用人称代词时有下面几点值得注意： 1）she可以用来代表国家，船只，大地，月亮等。 e.g. I think England will do what she promised to do. 2) 在并列的主语中，I总放在最后。e.g. Mary and I will be in charge of the case. 3) 第三人称，男女两性并用时，男先女后。He and she still don’t agree to the plan. 二、物主代词 1. 形容词性的物主代词只能作定语，如my brother 名词性的物主代词可以作： 1）表语Whose dictionary is this? ----it’s mine. 2) 主语Ours is a big family. 3) 宾语Let’s clean their room first and ours later. 2. “of +名词性物主代词”可用作定语 That car of hers is always breaking down.= Her car is ……. 三 1．这些词可用来： 1）作宾语I can’t express myself in English. 2) 作表语I am not quite myself these days. 我近来身体不大舒服。 ※3）作主语或宾语的同位语The theory itself is all right. 在作同位语时，自身代词常译作“本人”或“亲自” They must make investigation themselves.他们必须亲自作调查。 与by oneself较难区分By oneself 译为“一个人干（不要别人帮助）” They made the machine all by themselves. 这机器完全是他们自己制造的。
历年全国高考英语代词试题汇总及答案 一、单项选择代词 1．I don’t exactly know what the woman is, but I think she can be but a doctor. A．anybody B．something C．anything D．everybody 【答案】C 【解析】 考查固定搭配。句意：我不太清楚那个女人是做什么的，但我认为她决不是医生。anything but…为固定搭配，意为“决不是……”，故选C项。 2．—Is your neighbor Mr. King a man with good manners? —Actually, he is ________ but polite. And nobody likes to talk to him. A．nothing B．something C．everything D．anything 【答案】D 【解析】 本题考查短语辨析。nothing but 只不过，只有；anything but：根本不是.... 决不...，没有everything but；something but用法。句意：——你的邻居Mr. King是一个有礼貌的人吗？——事实上，他根本不礼貌，没人喜欢同他说话. 3．The Olympic Games makes _____ possible for people to live side by side in peace. A．this B．it C．that D．不填 【答案】B 【解析】 本题的含义是奥运会使人们能够和平的生活在一起成为可能，本题make后的真正宾语位于句尾用动词不定式，那么在英文中通常用形式宾语it来代替真正的主语，故本题选B。 4．J ack Ma, the founder and chairman of China’s Alibaba Group, has a $28.6 billion fortune, ______making him the richest person in China. A．it B．one C．that D．which 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 试题分析：考查代词。句意：中国阿里巴巴集团创始人兼董事长马云拥有286亿美元的财富，这使他成为中国首富。分析句子结构可知，此处用one代替前面的a $28.6 billion fortune，实际上是它的同位语，后面的making him the richest person in China.是现在分词作后置定语修饰one，注意此处不是非限定性定语从句，如果是非限定定语从句的话应该用makes而不是making，所以不能选which，故选B。 考点：考查代词
高考英语代词用法详解 一、单项选择代词 1．Tom told me that he needed a chair and soon I found _________ for him. A．it B．that C．one D．the one 【答案】C 【解析】 考查代词用法。句意为：Tom告诉我说，他需要一把椅子而且很快他就找到了一把(椅子)。it用来代替同类同物，即“同一个”；that常用来指代不可数名词，也可用来指代有定语修饰的可数名词(此时，相当于the one)；one用来指代泛指的可数名词单数，表示同类不同物中的另外某一个。本题中应用one来指代前面出现的、表泛指的a chair，故答案选C。 2．-Which of the ways should I take to the village? - way as you please．All seem to be equal in distance． A．Neither B．None C．Any D．Either 【答案】C 【解析】 考查代词：A．Neither两者都不，B．None三者以上都不，C．Any三者任何一个，D．Either两者任何一个，从后面的all看出路是三条以上，句意是：--你想走哪条路去村子？-你喜欢走哪条就走哪条，距离上都是一样的。选C。 3．—The exam was easy, wasn’t it? —Yes, but I don’t think ______ could pass it． A．somebody B．anybody C．everybody D．nobody 【答案】C 【解析】 本题考查不定代词的用法，somebody某人;anybody任何人;everybody每人;nobody没人。根据句意，可知选C。句意：--这场考试很简单，不是吗？ -- 是的，但我认为不是每个人都能通过。 4．Mom promised to buy me a nice gift for my next birthday, ______ beyond my imagination. A．which B．that C．something D．the one 【答案】C 【解析】 考查同位语。something beyond my imagination 是 a nice gift 的同位语,补充说明礼物是某种超乎想象的东西。后面句子中没有动词构成不了句子，所以which不能选。the one 指代与
英语词类 英语中的词可以根据词义、语法功能和形式特征分为十大类，即名词(noun)、代词(pronoun)、形容词(adjective)、副词(adverb)、动词(verb)、数词(numeral)、冠词(article)、介词(preposition)、连词(conjunctions)和感叹词 (int erjection)。 英语代词的用法全归纳 一、定义与分类 代词是代替名词及起名词作用的短语或句子的词。代词根据其意思和用法可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词九类。综观历年高考情况，在这九类代词中，不定代词一直是高考英语的重点。 二：人称代词，物主代词，反身代词用法概述 这三种代词都有人称（第一、二、三人称）的变化、数（单、复数）的变化，性（阴性、阳性、中性）以及格（主格、宾格）的变化。 物主代词又包括两种形式：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。特别注意：形容词性物主代词its没有相应的名词性物主代词。 这三种代词的形式变化表如下： 三、人称代词的用法 1) 定义：人称代词是用来指代人、动物或事物的代词。它必须在人称(第一人称、第二人称、及第三人称)、数（单数、复数）以及性（阴性、阳性、中性）三方面与被指代的名词一致。 如：I am a student. Tom is a boy, and he is a student. Mary is very pretty, and she likes singing. The boys are students, and they are in the room. The doy is small. It is Tom's. 2)人称代词的句法功能 A) 人称代词有主格和宾语之分：主格用作主语，宾格用作宾语。 B) 人称代词的主格形式在在句中作主语和表语。 如: I like music(主语). She is a teacher.(主语) She and I are good friends(主语). Neither she nor I am student. ——I saw the boys this morning. ——Are you sure it was they(表语)? C) 人称代词的宾格在句子作动词的宾语，或者介词的宾语。 如：I saw him at the party(宾语).
高考英语代词及其解题技巧及练习题(含答案) 一、单项选择代词 1．Don’t __ that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be most successful. A．take as granted B．take this for granted C．take that for granted D．take it for granted 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：考查固定搭配和it用法。动词短语take sth for granted认为...理所当然；排除A 项。在英语中只有it可以作为形式宾语，本句中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的从句that all those who get good grades in the entrance examination will prove to be most successful.句意：不要想当然地认为入学考试成绩好的那些人就会是最成功的。故D正确。 考点：考查固定搭配和it用法 2．“Made in China 2025” aims to transform China from a product-making factory into a product-making power, ______________ driven by innovation and emphasizing quality over quantity. A．the one that B．one that C．one D．the one 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 考查代词的用法。句意：“2025中国制造”的目标是把中国从一个产品制造工厂变成一个产品制造大国，一个以创新为导向、强调质量而不是数量的大国。one表示泛指，相当于“a(an)+名词”，代替的是同类事物中的“一个”；that表示特指，相当于“the+名词”；代词one=a/ an +n，此处one=a product-making power；而________driven by innovation and emphasizes quality over quantity中driven by 只是一个非谓语短语（be driven by 被……驱使）作定语，因此不需要连词引导。所以排除A、 B。one表示泛指，相当于“the+名词”可以排除D。故选C。 3．— How much salt did you put in the soup? 一 Oh, sorry! . I forgot. A．Little B．Nothing C．None D．Few 【答案】C 【解析】 考查不定代词。A. Little少许；B. Nothing无事，无物；C. None没有任何东西；D. Few很少。上句：你在汤里放了多少盐？下句：我忘了放盐。也就是一点也没有，故选C。 4．In my eyes ,Miss Green is a strict but kind teacher, everyone will show respect and love to.
【英语】英语代词用法总结(完整) 一、单项选择代词 1．-Which of these two ties will you take? -I don't like these. Do you have any_____? A．one B．other C．ones D．others 【答案】D 【解析】 考查对不定代词的用法。--两个领带你想要哪一个？--都不喜欢，还有其他的吗？ others=other+名词”，泛指“别的人或物，其他的人/物”，故选D。 【名师点睛】不定代词one，ones ， other 和others的区别。 不定代词即不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。 1.不定代词one指代可数名词，既可指人，亦可指物，它可以代替上文中出现的单数可数名词，指代复数名词时可以用ones。 例如：I do not have a pen, can you lend me one? I like small cars better than large ones. 2.other具有名词和形容词性质，既可指人，亦可指物。other常与定冠词the连用。other只作形容词或代词，表示“其他的，别的”，不可单独使用。 例如：Do you have any other questions? the other作形容词或代词，特指两者中或两部分的另一个或另一部分。 3.others相当于“other+名词”，泛指“别的人或物”，只有名词性用法。 例如：Some are planting trees, others are watering them. 2．You should make ______ a rule to leave things______ you can find them easily. A．it; where B．it; then C．that; there D．this; when 【答案】A 【解析】 考查代词及状语从句。句中it作形式宾语，真正宾语为to leave things where you can find them easily；where引导地点状语从句，选A。 3．-Which of the ways should I take to the village? - way as you please．All seem to be equal in distance． A．Neither B．None C．Any D．Either 【答案】C 【解析】 考查代词：A．Neither两者都不，B．None三者以上都不，C．Any三者任何一个，D．Either两者任何一个，从后面的all看出路是三条以上，句意是：--你想走哪条路去村子？-你喜欢走哪条就走哪条，距离上都是一样的。选C。
高考代词练习题 一．单句填空 1.On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _ _ (it) mother. 2. A few hours earlier, I’d been at home in Hong Kong, with ____ (it) choking smog. 3.“ Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! It’s _(I).” 4.It's an either-or situation - we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can’t do . 5.The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than _____ on the small ones. 6.Susan made______ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself. 7.—When shall I call, in the morning or afternoon?—_______. I’ll be in all day. 8.She'd lived in London and Manchester, but she liked ______ and moved to Cambridge. 9.I’d appreciate ________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come. 10.You can ask anyone for help. ________ here is willing to lend you a hand. 11.I knew that _____ would ever discourage him; he would never give up wanting to be a director. https://www.doczj.com/doc/3318015029.html,rry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but ________ of them wants to, because they have work to do. 13.No matter where he is, he makes _____a rule to go for a walk before breakfast. 14.If you’re buying today’s paper from t he stand, could you get________ for me? 15.My brother would like to buy a good watch but ______was available from that shop. 16.I’ve lived in New York and Chicag o, but don’t like ____ of them very much. 17.The meeting will be held in September, but________ knows the date for sure.