一. 翻译：
1. 正是他35年前送给我的那些书使我成了教师。
2. 黄昏时，我碰巧在回家的路上遇到她。
3. 他说他将于第二周到达。
4. 我在电话里已经和他交谈过，但实际上我从来没有见过他。
5. 整日呆在家里做作业，一点趣儿都没有。
6. 我在为这次长途旅行整理行装。
7. 她专心听着，把他说的话一字不漏的记下来。
8. 他充分利用他在那儿的时间学习英语。
9. 目前妇女在科学领域发挥着重要的作用。
10. 这个城镇变化太大了，你会认不出来它的。
11. 对于这个问题你有什么看法吗？
12. 这个机构对开始经营自己生意的人提供切实可行的指导。
13. 信不信由你，尽管她满身缺点，我仍然喜欢她。
14. 这是我们第一次在中国过圣诞。
15. 结婚前他们相爱了十年。
一．1. It was those books he gave me thirty-five years ago that made me become a teacher.
2. I happened to see her on my way home at dusk.
It happened that I saw her on my way home at dusk.
3. He said that he would arrive the next week.
4. I’ve talked to him on the telephone but I’ve never actually met him face to face.
5. It is no pleasure staying at home doing homework all day.
6. I am packing my things up for the long journey.
7. She listened carefully and set down every word he said.
8. He made good/full use of his time there to learn English.
9. At present, women are playing an important part in science.
10. The town has changed so much that you wouldn’t recognize it.
11. Do you have any thoughts on this problem?
12. The agency offers practical guidance to people starting their own businesses.
13. Believe it or not. I’m fond of her although she has shortcomings of all kinds.
14. It is the first time we have celebrated Christmas in China.
15. They had been in love for 10 years before getting married.
二. 翻译：
1. 在老师的帮助下，我被一所大学录取了。
2. 你知道宇宙是什么时候形成的吗？
3. 最重要的是，别忘了把你们的意见寄来。
4. 你能就音乐欣赏给我们提些建议吗？
5. 他喜欢表演并享受随之而来的祝贺。
6. 他看上去很面熟，但我记不起他的名字了。
7. 你准备用现金支付还是用支票支付？
8. 必须制定法律来惩罚那些危害野生生物的人。
9. 骑骆驼在沙漠中旅行是令人难忘的经历。
10. 如果人们在不行动起来，采取有效措施保护野生动物的话，愈来愈多的野生动物将会灭绝。
二. 1. With the help of my teacher, I was admitted to university.
2. Do you know when the universe first came into being？
3. And above all, remember to send us your comments.
4. Could you give us some advice on how to enjoy music.
5. He enjoys performance and the congratulations afterwards.
6. He looks very familiar but I can’t remember his name.
7. Do you plan to pay in cash or by cheque?
8. Laws must be passed to punish those who do harm to wildlife.
9. Traveling in the desert by camel is really an unforgettable experience.
10. If people don’t take action and adopt effective measures to protect wild animals, an increasing number of them will die out.
三. 翻译：
1. 为了按时完成这项任务，他们夜以继日的工作着。
2. 过不了多久他们就会回来的。
3. 她生了一个健康漂亮的婴儿。
4. 她有学语言的天赋。
5. 捉弄残疾人是很不礼貌的。
6. 这家旅馆使我想起我们去年住过的那一家。
7. 我怎么才能重新得到他们的支持呢？
8. 那棵老树从地面到树梢至少有三十米。
三．1. They are working day and night in order to accomplish the task on time.
2. They will be back before long. It won’t be long before they come back.
3. She gave birth to a fine healthy baby.
4. She has a gift for learning languages.
5. It is very rude to play a trick on the disabled.
6. This hotel reminds me of the one we stayed in last year.
7. How can I win back their support?
8. The old tree must measure at least 30 metres from top to bottom.
四. Translation:
1. 我宁愿说实话而不愿撒谎。
2. 他说服不了他姐姐改变主意。
3. 我们昨天是在百货大楼举行的会议。
4. 她虽然有很多缺点，但我们都很喜欢她。
5. 小华坚持自己没有撒谎，不该向我道歉。
6. 他唯一在乎的东西就是钱。
7. 一旦你明白了这条规则，你就再也没有困难了。
8. 我被他说服了，所以我不得不让步。
9. 在战争结束时柏林城变成了一片废墟。
10. 死亡人数已上升至50人。
11. 事故发生后，伤员被立刻送往医院。
12. 正当我们处境危险时他们来援救我们了。
13. 黄河在这转了个大弯。
14. 我们骑骆驼旅行真是一次难忘的经历。
15. 她刚刚起床，还没有穿好衣服。
16. 既然他决心已定，再与他争论已毫无用处。
17. 到时我们惊奇的发现他还活着。
18. 今年夏天我们在乡下度过了一段快乐时光。
19. 2008年5月12日，人们向往常一样去上班、上学，全然不知一场灾难即将降临。
20. 我们迫不及待的等着你的加入。
21. 我们误了公共汽车，看来我们只好步行了。
22. 发生在汶川的大地震使成千上万的人无家可归。
23. 人们不在意的一些事件也可能导致灾难的发生。
24. 不知不觉中一年结束了。
25. 我谨向那些帮助过我的老师致谢。
26. 没有任何语言足以表达我对你们的歉意。
27. 地震中幸存下来的人们向部队表示深深的谢意，感谢部队为拯救他们所做出的巨大努力。
28. 无论发生什么事情，我们都不能丧失希望与信心。
29. 到了车站，我们环顾四周，却没有发现任何人。
30. 有消息说，洪水过后，全村到处都是残垣断壁。
四. 1. I prefer telling the truth to lying.
2. He couldn’t persuade his sister to change her mind.
3. It was in the department store that we held the meeting yesterday.
4. She has many shortcomings, but we are all fond of her.
5. Xiao Hua insisted that she didn’t tell a lie and not apologize to me.
6. The only thing he cares about is money.
7. Once you understand this rule, you’ll have no difficulty.
8. I was persuaded by him, so I had to give in.
9. The city of Berlin was in ruins at the end of the war.
10. The number of deaths has reached\risen to 50.
11. After the accident, the injured were sent to hospital right away.
12. They came to our rescue when we were in danger. 13. The Huanghe river makes a wide bend at this point. 14. Our journey by camel was quite an experience.
15. She had just got out of bed and wasn’t properly dressed.
16. Since he has made up his mind, it is no use arguing with him.
17. When we arrived, we were surprised to find him still alive.
18. This summer, we had a nice time in the countryside.
19. On May 12th, 2008, people went to work or school as usual, not knowing at all that a disaster was just around the corner.
20. We can’t wait for you to join us.
21. We have missed the bus. It looks as if we will have to walk.
22. The big earthquake that shook Wenchuan left tens of thousands of people homeless.
23. The events that people think little of may lead to disasters.
24. The year is at an end\has come to an end before we know it.
25. I would like to express my thanks to the teachers who have helped me.
26. No words are strong enough to express my apology to you.
27. The people who survived the earthquake expressed their deep thanks to the army for the great
efforts they had made to rescue them.
28. We can’t lose hope and confidence no matter what happens to us.
29. When we arrived at the station, we looked around but found nobody.
30. Word came that the whole village lay in ruins after the flood.
五. 汉译英：
1．-----尽管年轻，他已取的了很大的成就。
----- 是的，你也一样。(as; so)
2．这种风俗习惯已经存在了两千多年，这令很多外国人非常吃惊。（around）
3．他整天上网，但不喜欢玩电脑游戏，我也是这样。
4．在我国，北方人以小麦为主食，而南方人以大米为主食。
5．他既能与别人一起愉快的工作，也能独自做很多事情。
6．我因粗心而考试不及格，所以这怪不得别人，只能怪我自己。(have)
7．与动物交朋友可有助于我们理解动物保护的重要性。
8．直到我失去了这位朋友，我才意识到我们之间的友谊对我意味着什么。（倒装句）9．尽管我们从没谋面，我们却是最好的朋友。
10．当我感到沮丧的时候，他总是愿意听我倾诉并尽力帮助我。(down)
五. 1．-----Young as he is, he has made great achievements. -----So he has, and so have you.
2.The custom has been around for more than two thousand years, which astonishes many foreigners.
3. He surfs the Internet all the time but does not enjoy playing computer games, so it is with me./ It is the same with me.
4. In our country, people in the north live on wheat while people in the south live on rice.
5. He can not only work with others happily but also do many things all alone.
6. I failed in the examination because of my carelessness, so I have nobody but only myself to blame.
7. Making friends with animals can help us understand the importance of protecting them.
8. Only after I lost such a friend, did I realize what the friendship between us meant to me.
9. Although/ Despite the fact that we have never met each other, we are best friends.
10. When I am feeling down, he will always listen to me and try to help me.
六. 汉译英：
1．这种植物不是到处都有的。（find）
2．天快黑的时候，他们来到了一个偏僻的小村庄。（find）
3．他在回家的路上看到了一场交通事故。
4．你还有什么地方不清楚吗？
5．由于他们理解汉语还有一定的难度，所以我不得不一遍又一遍的重复我说过的话。6．请再说一遍，我没听清。
7．在一个小孩的带领下，我们轻而易举的就找到了Mr. Smith的住处。
8．妇女要求同工同酬。
9．在国际贸易中，具有一定的英语知识是十分必要的。
10．他们国家盛产石油，而我们国家却一点没有。
六．1. This plant can’t be found everywhere.
2. As it was getting dark, they found themselves in a lonely small village.
3. On his way back home, he saw a traffic accident.
4. Is there anything that is not clear to you?
5. I had to repeat what I said again and again, because they still had some difficulty in understanding Chinese.
6. I beg your pardon? I didn’t catch what you said.
7. With a boy leading us, we had no difficulty in finding Mr. Smith’s house.
8. Women demand equal pay for equal work.
9. It is very necessary to have a knowledge of English in international trade.
10. Their country has plenty of oil, while ours has none.
七. 汉译英：
1．下个月他们将去北戴河避暑。
2．他经常旅游的原因是想品尝不同种类的食品。
3．她戴着墨镜，以免眼睛被太阳灼伤。
4．祝你在香港玩的愉快，顺便说一下，代我向李华问好。
5．徒步旅行时，一定要记住这些基本的规则, 他们都与你的安全相关。（keep）
6．他受到我们大家的爱戴和敬佩。
7．根据上周所作的调查，有百分之六十的学生反对这项决定。
8．上周该地区发生了一次地震，许多楼房和汽车受损。（which）
9．我们开个聚会庆祝你的生日吧！同时，你看我们都邀请哪些人参加。
10．过去，孩子们在街上玩是很平常的事。
七．1．Next month, they will go to Beidaihe to get away from hot weather.
2．The reason why he often go traveling is that he wants to try new kinds of food.
3．She is wearing her sunglasses to protect her eyes from the sun./ to prevent her eyes from being burned by the sun.
4．Have a nice time in Hongkong. By the way, say “Hi”to Li Hua for me.
5．When hiking, you must keep in mind these basic rules, which have much to do with your safety. 6．He was loved and admired by all of us.
7．According to the survey done last week, 60% of the students are against the decision. 8．Last week, an earthquake happened in this area, in which many buildings and cars were damaged.
9．Let`s have a party to celebrate your birthday. At the same time, who do you think we will invite. 10．In the past, it was common for children to play in the street.
八．汉译英：
1．Rachel 承认她费了很大的劲儿才理解了这项任务。(time)
2．有朝一日，我实现了我的目标，我就幸福了。
3．他仔细聆听，然后执行老师的指示。
4．他虽没有创出新的纪录，但他做出了很大的努力。（attempt）
5．他向她求婚，但她拒绝了。
6．我非常珍惜和你一起度过的那些时光。
7．马铃薯最初是由南美传入欧洲的。
8．这个城镇变化太大了，你会认不出她来的。
9．人们普遍认为她是该国最优秀的作家之一。
10．人们嘲笑她，因为她经常戴那么奇怪的帽子。
八．1．Rachel admitted that she had a hard time understanding the assignment.
2. Some day when I achieve my goals, I will be happy.
3．He listened carefully and carried out the teacher’s instructions.
4. He failed to set a new record, but it was a good attempt.
5. He asked her to marry him but she refused.
6. I treasure the moments I spent with you.
7. Potatoes were introduced into Europe from South America.
8. The town has changed so much that you wouldn’t recognize it.
9. She is generally regarded as one of the best writers in the country.
10. People make fun of her because she wears such strange hats.
九．汉语译：
1. ——这是一封写给Mr. Brown的信，你能教给他吗？——好的。我一见到他就给他。
2. 遇到麻烦时可请他帮忙。
3．请写下你的名字和地址，以便我们必要时能与你联系。
4．桌子上并排放着两个瓶子。
5．请尽快完成那份报告，越快越好。
6．那天晚上我们像平常一样大约在十点半睡觉。
7．我偶尔顺路去看一看他。
8．他热切希望你见见他的朋友。
9. 她靠什么谋生？
10．前些天，我们就学生如何打发他们的业余时间在2000名学生之间进行了一次调查。
九. 1. -----Here is a letter addressed to Mr. Brown. Could you give it to him?
----- OK. The moment I see him, I will give it to him.
2．When in trouble, you can turn to him for help.
3. Please put down your name and address so that we can get in touch with you when necessary.
4. Two bottles stand side by side on the table.
5. Please get that report done as soon as possible----- the sooner the better.
6. We went to bed that evening at 10:30 as usual.
7. I drop in on him once in a while.
8. He is eager for you to meet his friends.
9. How does she make\earn her living?
10. The other day, we did a survey among 2,000 students on how they spend their spare time.
十. 汉译英：
1．我从事园艺工作十余年，从中获得了很大的满足。
2．我们必须提高对顾客的服务质量。
3．他因谋杀被判处死刑。
4．她喜欢弹钢琴，而她妹妹却喜欢打篮球。
5．看到孩子们被照顾的很好，他感到非常满意。
6．越来越多的公司在设立网站，这毫不奇怪。
7．我既没忘记告诉他这个消息也没忘记提醒他注意安全。
8．从头顶飞过的飞机的噪音可以损害人们的听觉。
9．他的助手请他尽快在这张支票上签字。
10．周末，我宁愿呆在家里洗洗衣服、看看书。
十. 1. I have been working in the garden for over 10 years, from which I get a lot of satisfaction.
2. We must raise the quality of service to our customs.
3. He was sentenced to death because of murder.
4. She enjoys playing the piano while her sister likes playing basketball.
5. He feels very content to see his children taken good care of.
6. It is no surprise that an increasing number of companies are setting up web sites.
7. I neither forgot to tell him the news nor remind him about his safety.
8. People may have their hearing harmed by the noise of the planes passing overhead.
9. His assistant requested him to sign the cheque as soon as possible.
10. On weekends, I would rather stay at home and do some cleaning and reading.
十一. 汉译英：
1. 我五点钟开车去接你。
2. 这场事故发生在离她家仅一个街区的地方。
3. 我认为努力实现这一目标是每一个公民的责任。
4．我们应该尊重老人、尊重父母、尊重老师。
5．根据规定，每位学生每次可借五本书，借阅时间为十天。
6．如果有幸被选作志愿者，我将尽力提供最好的服务。
7．学校图书馆从周一到周五上午9点到下午7点开门，周末休息。
8．我喜欢摄影，因为它能让我记录下生活中的美丽时刻。
9．我想参加和平与友谊夏令营，因为这是和各国青年交朋友并学习他们文化的绝佳机会。10．现在给你写信是想问一问你能否帮我个忙。
十一. 1. I will drive over to pick you up at 5.
2. The accident took place only a block from his home.
3. I think it is every citizen’s duty to work hard to achieve this goal.
4. We should show our respect for old people, our parents and our teachers.
5. According to the rule, every student can borrow up to 5 books each time and keep them for 10 days.
6. If I have the honour of being chosen as a volunteer, I will try my best to offer the best service.
7. The school library is open from 9 am to 7 pm from Monday to Friday (on weekdays) and closed on weekends.
8. I am interested in photography because it allows me to record the beautiful moments in my life.
9. I would like to join the Peace & Friendship Camp since it would be a great opportunity to make friends with young people from different countries and learn about their cultures.
10. Now I am writing to ask whether you are able to do me a favour.
十二. 英译汉：
1．多年来他们一直在讨论迁居乡间的事。
2. 我和那家公司六年没有来往了（have）。
3．我们偶尔到公园野餐。
4．我希望你已充分利用了你的时间。
5．顺便说一下，你不能总是靠你父母生活。
6．你这次考试成绩不好，换句话说，你没及格。
7．我的眼睛一定有毛病，我下周到医院去检查一下。
8．谁也不能阻止这项计划的实施。
9．随着现代工农业的发展，废物也愈来愈多了。
10．当母亲接受治疗时，孩子可能要与她隔离开。
十二．1．For years they have talked about moving to the country.
2. I have had nothing to do with that company.
3. We go for a picnic in the park once in a while.
4. I hope you have made good use of your time.
5. By the way, you can’t depend on your parents for a living all the time.
6. Your performance in the exam is bad; in other words, you failed.
7. Something must be wrong with my eyes. I will have them examined in hospital next week.
8. No one can stop\prevent\keep the plan from being carried out.
9. With the development of modern agriculture and industry, more and more waste is produced.
10. The child may be separated from his mother while she receives treatment.
十三英译汉：
1．令我感到很惊讶的是，这家餐馆实际上是非常不错的。
2．这个系为学生开设了各种各样的课程。
3．努力工作，你的梦想迟早会实现的。
4．前些天，我们就学生对校服的意见与看法在我校500名学生之间进行了一次调查。5．你老是打断我是不太礼貌的。
6．经过漫长的航行，回到家时他们又渴又饿。
7．政府应该制定出团结而不是分裂人民的法律。
8．他抬起头来惊讶的望着我，不知该说什么。
9．不论将来你遇到什么事，我都会支持你。
10．出与安全考虑，那个站台被拆除了。
十三. 1. Much to my surprise, the restaurant was actually very nice.
2. Students are offered a wide variety of courses in this department.
3. Work hard and your dreams will come true sooner or later. (in time)
4. The other day, we did a survey on our school uniform among 500 students in our school.
5. It wasn’t very polite of you to keep interrupting me.
6. After the long voyage, they arrived home, hungry and thirsty.
7. The government should make laws aiming to unite, not divide, people.
8. He looked up at me in surprise, not knowing what to say.
9. I will support you no matter what happens to you.
10. The platform was taken down for safety reasons.
十四．汉译英：
1．如果当时你动动脑子，你现在就不至于陷入困境。
2．努力提高人民的生活水平是每一个政府官员的职责。
3．我们一个劲地往上爬，一直爬到山顶。
4．我经常想起我的一位朋友，过去我常常和他一起在这家公园散步。
5．我一收到他的来信就立刻拆开读了起来。
6．现在电话几乎取代了电报。
7．这种疾病蔓延全国。
8．我不知道我能否说服他，但至少我会试一试。
9．经常进行体育运动对我们的健康有好处。
10．老师要求我们尽量多背些美妙的诗歌。
十四. 1. If you had used your head, you wouldn’t be in trouble now.
2. It is the duty of every government official to try his best to raise\improve people’s standards.
3. On and on we climbed, until we got to the top of the mountain.
4. I often think of a friend of mine , with whom I used to take a walk in the park.
5. As soon as I received his letter, I tore it open and began to read it.
6. Nowadays, telephones have almost taken the place of telegrams.
7. The disease spread throughout the country.
8. I don’t know if I can persuade him, but at least I can have a try.
9. Often having sports can do some good to our health.
10. The teacher asked us to learn by heart as many excellent poems as possible.
科技英语翻译的理解与表达 随着世界科技发展的日新月异和我国对外科技交流的日益频繁，科技翻译的重要性越发凸显出来。科技翻译要求确切理解和掌握原文的内容，不能主观地发挥个人的想法和推测,做到科学性和艺术性的完美结合。其科学性和艺术性主要体现为“信、达、雅”的翻译标准。 下面就英语科技翻译的科学性和艺术性，以及翻译的三个标准，讨论科技英语翻译的理解与表达。 一、科技翻译的科学性 科技英语的翻译由于其文体的特殊性，首先就要求它的译文要求忠于原文，它的文字表达不需要过于华丽的辞藻，语句直截了当，词意简单明了。而做到这些就需要译者准确理解原文，包括掌握常用词汇的专业化和语句中词汇翻译的灵活性等。 例1：Applications and incomes become the carrier’s focus of attention. Personalized service has present itself as the high mode service. carrier：n.[化学]载体；运送者；带菌者；货架。这些是“carrier”的常用词意，但是在科技英语翻译中，它更常用其专业释义。 这句句子中的“carrier”如果用常用的几个词意带入，很快就会发现句
子是不通顺的，根据前后文则可以猜测它的词意应该与经济体有关。实际上，这里“carrier”是“运营商”的意思。 译文：运营商的关注焦点已从技术转向了应用、服务和收益。作为信息服务的高级形态，个性化服务开始逐步走上了前台。 例2：Ozone pollution is a concern during the summer months because strong sunlight and hot weather result in harmful ozone concentrations in the air we breathe. concern：vt.涉及，关系到；使担心。n.关系；关心；关心的事。这些是“carrier”的常用词意。 译文1：因为强烈的阳光和炎热的天气会导致有害臭氧集中在我们呼吸的空气中，所以在夏季，臭氧污染是一个关注点。 显然把“concern”翻译为“关注点”并不适合在这一句的翻译中，因此我们可以对词意进行灵活的变动。 译文2：受强光和炎热天气影响，有害臭氧在空气中大量聚集，因而在夏季，臭氧污染是一个尤为突出的问题。 二、科技翻译的艺术性 科技翻译的前提是忠实于原文，这不意味着呆板、毫不变通的文字的堆砌。科技翻译需要创造性的技巧运用，所以，可以说，翻译是一种再创造。 It is fortunate that men have worked out new plane shapes which enable
翻译中的限制和自由 徐莉娜 摘要:“直译”和“意译”之争延续了两千多年。这个问题争论的核心是译者的限制和自由、忠实与叛逆的关系。译者有多大的自由度？离忠实有多远？本文分析了原文和译文的距离并借助叙事学理论探讨了作者和译者的关系、两个文本间的距离以及限制和自由的关系，指出任何一种文本都是译者价值取向的结果，译文间的差异是由译者不同的价值取向造成的。 关键词：限制和自由；叙事学；隐含作者；隐含读者 Reflection on Restrictions and Freedom Lina Xu Abstract：S cholars’ preoccupations of literal and liberal translation have stretched throughout centuries, which focus on restrictions and freedom, loyalty and treachery in translation. To what extent is the translator given freedom in his performance? And how much does he stray away from the original? This paper approaches these issues by analyzing the distance between SLT and TLT, and looking into the relationship between the author and the translator from a narratological perspective. It points out that any version is the product of the translator’s choices, which usually generates a different version by translators with a different value orientation. Keywords: restriction and freedom; narratology; the implied author; the implied reader 一、翻译的悖论 《自由派翻译传统研究》提出自由派这个概念令人感到突兀，但也耐人寻味。通读全书不难发现这带有悖论性质的概念非凭空杜撰，也非故弄玄虚。作者以史为据，旁征博引，论证了自由派翻译传统的存在。书中提供的大量史料展示了一幅丰富多彩的翻译史画卷。从一千多年前的中国佛经翻译到现当代文学翻译，从自然科学翻译到社会科学翻译，从古罗马到20世纪中期的西方翻译，从对原创的翻译到改编和转译，从翻译目的到翻译结果，读者看到了各重要阶段的翻译活动、价值取向、译作的社会影响，与此同时，也看到了翻译活动的复杂性和多样性、局限性和灵活性。 “自由派翻译”揭示的是一个翻译悖论：限制与自由。两千多年来，古今中外的译者和翻译研究者无不面对这种二律背反关系去做二元对立的选择：直译和意译、形似与神似、忠实与背叛、科学性与艺术性、异化与归化。所有译者都身处两难境地，面临选择限制和自由的尴尬局面。选择“限制”，译者不得不屈尊俯就，受镣铐舞者之苦；选择“自由”，译者又有越位和叛逆之嫌，面临越位、出界的风险。译者身处忠实与背叛的两极，力求找到一个理想的平衡，在对立中求统一，但此事终究古难全。 二、限制—翻译的基本属性 翻开《自由派翻译传统研究》不难发现译事之难在于限制。限制是翻译的本质，自由只是相对的、有限度的。不同的译者有选择不同表达形式的自由，但所有选择都不能脱离原文的限制。译者无论有多大自由，他的目标依然是源语取向，让两个文本在内容上得到完美的统一是翻译的基本原则，也是翻译的理想境界。严复为立一名而“旬月踟躇”，感言“信、达、雅”为译事三难，这都是因为原文限制了译者自由发挥的缘故，这种限制置译者于两难处境，但也正是由于限制，译者成了作者的“代言人”、“传声筒”。脱离了原文，行为主体的身份就要发生实质性的转变，主客体关系也会因此而发生变化。 翻译的限制来自原文文本（语言文化的限制）。杨自检在该书的序言中指出“翻译必须有文本参照。翻译和
Part 1 Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1、格林先生本周日要去拜访一位朋友，此人精通理财之道。（who） 2、人们是否会推迟退休还有待于讨论（remain）。 3、无论任务多么艰巨，我们都要不遗余力地完成。（However） 4、许多公司在雇佣员工时，相对于能力而言，更看重个性。（emphasis） 5、如果双方在这些事务上能达成共识，就有可能在新的领域进一步合作。（If...） 1、Mr. Green is going to visit\see a friend this Sunday, who knows a lot about money matters. 2 、It remains to be discussed whether people will delay retiring. /Whether people will delay retiring remains to be discussed. 3、However hard the task is, we should spare no efforts to accomplish it. 4 、Many companies put more emphasis on personality than on capability when they employ staff members. 5 、If both the parties can agree on these issues, they are likely to further cooperate（have further cooperation）in the new field. Part 2 Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1.每年圣诞期间百货店里的商品都减价出售。(sale) 2.如今人们非常关注的是食品安全和空气质量。(concern) 3.无论多么艰难，交给咱们的任务都必须按时完成。(however) 4.专家们一入座外语节的演讲比赛就在王校长的主持下开始了。(Hardly) 5.遍布城市每个角落的星巴克(Starbucks) 满足了人们适应快节奏生活的需要。(adapt) 1.The goods in the department stores are all on sale at Christmas every year. 2.Nowadays what people are (very) much concerned about is food safety and air quality. Food safety and air quality are people’s major concerns nowadays. 3.However hard/ difficult it is, the task given to us must/ should be completed/ fulfilled on time. 4.Hardly had the experts sat down/ got seated/ seated themselves/ taken (their) seats when the speech contest of the Foreign Language Festival (that was) hosted by Principal Wang s tarted. 5.The Starbucks in every corner of the city have met/ satisfied/ meet/ satisfy people’s needs/ demands to adapt to a/ the fast-paced life. Part 3 Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1、孩子们总是对周边的一切都非常好奇。(curious) 2、她在比赛中表现出色，给评委留下了深刻的印象。(which) 3、一进学校，她就意外得知有一所名校录取她了。(No sooner…) 4、奇怪的是，这些年轻人对这些我们都耳熟能详的歌曲却一无所知。(know)
Translation Work 1 The evidence has gotten much stronger that a substance known as C-reactive protein may be every bit as important as cholesterol in the diagnosis and treatment of heart disease. Back in 2002, a thought-provoking study found that a blood test for C-reactive protein, called CRP, was actually better than the standard cholesterol test at predicting the risk of a heart attack or a stroke. Now two studies published in The New England Journal of Medicine have shown that drugs that reduce the levels of that protein in patients with severe heart disease can show the progression of atherosclerosis and prevent heart attacks and cardiac-related deaths. 更有力的证据证明一种被称作C反应蛋白的物质在诊断与治疗心脏疾病中有可能与胆固醇一样重要。早在2002年，人们在一个发人深省的研究中已发现血液C反应蛋白测试，即CRP，比胆固醇水平测试能更好地预测心脏病或中风的风险。现今，在《新英格兰医学期刊》中刊登的两则研究表明，用以减少患有严重心脏病的病人中的C反应蛋白水平的药物可以显示病者动脉粥样硬化的进展，并且该种药物还可以预防心脏病、降低因患与心脏相关疾病而死亡的风险。
全球智能纺织品发展综述 在过去的几年里，智能材料在我们的生活中起着十分巨大的作用。智能材料的潜力非常广泛，也已经走进了纺织品中，德国Niederrien 大学的U.R.B.Sastry总结了近一阶段以来智能纺织品的主要发展情况。 近几年来，智能材料以其自身独特的方式融入到纺织品中。智能材料的出现激起了材料科学、电学和计算机工程的研究者们的极大兴趣，同时感兴趣的还有产品设计者和纺织品生产者。智能材料从概念产生到产品开发的过程包括了从不同领域、不同背景来的人员，也包括了使用者他们自己。 最早的智能纺织品之一是被用于部队伪装的。在部队伪装这个应用中，纺织品大多用来伪装战场上的军车、军用设备和个人装备，避免被3种电磁辐射（可见光、红外线和雷达）的探测。另外，这种纺织品在设计中要求必须防火、耐穿着、高强度和容易生产。 雷达吸收结构通常是由带有氧化铁或碳涂层的伞面金字塔状的泡沫材料组成，通常它会与一定数量的银结合，可以调整雷达的目标有效截面。同时，针织物中的经编织物的红外特性通过使用带有可见的印花和图案的、低发射率涂层来控制，它被设计成迷彩效果。 1 21世纪的服装 进入21世纪以来，对于服装设计的要求不断向重量轻、容易携带的方向发展，什么是将智能材料融入到纺织品中的更好方法呢？比如说：总部设在布鲁塞尔的Starlab 发明了一种带有传感器的田径服用来监视穿着者的心脏变化情况，从运动员刚一出发开始，数据便通过电子信箱的方式，即服装所具备的移动电话功能进行信息传输。更进一步的例子，德国的Infineon Technologies 生产出了第一件可穿着的MP3音乐运动服装，这种音乐运动服的袖子里带有键盘。基于这些发明，真正的可穿着计算机服装似乎是可能实现的，但是，在这里我们不能忽视将会出现的问题。比如，服装的耐用性和洗涤效果——与日常服装相关的因素必须加以考虑，如果制造商想要使用可穿着这个术语作为智能材料纺织品的标注，就必须充分符合其真实
标题 英文说明书翻译 拨--打【4000-—537-407】 内容简介精诚翻译提前您，找翻译服务时，请勿在收到翻译稿件之前进行银行转账，根据我们的经验，要求未做事之前银行卡付款的，很多是骗子，请你切记切记！精诚翻译五折优惠中六年经验！首推先翻译后付费模式，无效免单，免费试译，免费修改。 Putting fresh groceries in the fridge is the quickest and easiest option after a shop, but whether or not those items belong in there is another story. 把新鲜食品放冰箱里是从商店回来后最先做、也是最容易做的事，但那些食物是否该放冰箱里却是另一回事。 Surprisingly, most fruits and vegetables are better off out of the fridge at first, with many of them only needing refrigeration once fully ripe. 出人意料的是，大多数水果蔬菜最好先不要放冰箱里，其中有很多只在完全成熟之后才需要冷藏。 Daily Mail Australia spoke to leading senior nutritionist from NAQ Nutrition, Aloysa Hourigan, to find out what should be in the fridge and what should remain at room temperature. 《每日邮报》驻澳大利亚记者向NAQ Nutrition首席高级营养师阿罗伊莎霍瑞根咨询了什么该放冰箱里、什么该常温保存。 BREAD
2012年1月4日星期三 雌激素是新的“利他林”吗？ ——性激素能让一部分女性思维敏捷，却也让一部分迟钝 大考即将来临？无法集中注意力？尝试一点雌激素吧。 加州大学伯克利分校的神经系统科学家在最近的一项研究中报道称，女性生理周期中的荷尔蒙波动可能会如咖啡因、甲基苯丙胺或最常见的兴奋剂利他林一样影响其大脑。 近年来的研究表明，工作记忆（短期信息处理能力）是依赖于化学物质多巴胺的。事实上，像利他林这样的药物可以模仿多巴胺帮助人们集中注意力。在老鼠身上的研究显示，雌激素似乎可以诱发多巴胺的释放。但是伯克利这次的新研究是首次把认识能力和人的雌激素水平联系起来，这也就解释了为什么有些女性会在她们生理周期的不同时间点有着或好或坏的认识能力。 这只研究团队对24名健康女性进行了检测。通过基因测试，她们中有些天然多巴胺水平高，而有些天然低。不出所料，多巴胺水平低的女性对于处理复杂的工作记忆问题有困难，比如将一串五个数字反着背出来。但当测试在排卵期中进行，雌激素水平最高时（一般是月经期的10~12天后）这些女性的表现显著改善，有大约10%的进步。令人惊讶的是，多巴胺水平天然高的女性处理复杂问题的能力，却在排卵期中雌激素水平最高的时候有很明显的下降。 根据组织此次研究的Ph.D Emily Jacobs说，脑中的多巴胺是“classic Goldilacks scenario”。对于多巴胺水平最低的25%女性来说，在月经期多巴胺水平的增加会增强她们的认识能力，而对于多巴胺水平最高的25%女性来说，月经期多巴胺水平的增加可能会使她们的多巴胺水平超过一个上限，从而减弱她们的认识能力。而剩下的50%女性都处在这两类女性水平之间，不在研究的范围内。 这项研究有着重大的意义。Jacob说，像咖啡因、利他林这种诱发多巴胺释放的药物对于特定时期的女性是无效，甚至是损害性的。而且，她还希望提醒科学家们注意，在研究脑部疾病时，男女大脑虽然天赋相同但是并不完全一样。 Jacob说，这之间有很大区别，只有我们能知道他们在正常状态下的区别，我们才能预测他们在疾病状态下的区别。 毁约——脑扫描揭示誓言什么时候会不被遵守 新郎说“我愿意”而又和别人有一腿的时候，他脑中发生了什么？朋友承诺还钱却一直不还，他的脑中又发生了什么？一项最新研究显示，毁约是一项很复杂的神经生物学事件。而且脑扫描可以在毁约发生前预测出谁将要毁约。 瑞士苏黎世大学的科学家运用核磁共振技术把大脑比喻成了一场投资游戏。投资者必须决定是否承诺与受托者分享利益。如果投资，会使得账户中的资金增加，但如果受托者选择不分享，结果也会是投资者受损失。几乎所有投资者都说会把钱给受托者，但最后并不会所有人都守约。 通过核磁共振的扫描，研究者可以在他们有机会毁约前预测出他们会不会毁约。毁约者脑部的一些区域的活动会更加活跃，包括分管在压抑诚实回应时自我控制的前额皮质层，和标志
1.Health is above wealth, for this cannot give so much happiness as that. 健康比财富更重要，因为财富不能像健康那样给人以幸福。 2.Here great disturbances at the heart of the earth caused mountains and volcanoes to rise above the water. For hundreds of years tiny coral creatures have worked and died to make thousands of ring-shaped islands called atolls （环礁）. 在那里，由于地心引力的剧烈干扰，一道道山脉，一座座火山升出水面。千百年来，微小的珊瑚虫在这里繁衍、死亡，形成了数不胜数的被称为环礁的环状岛屿。 3.Old lines and methods of communication do not work easily or efficiently with as much information as we now have. 由于我们今天的信息太多，那些旧的通讯线路和方法已不能灵便有效地处理他们了。 4. Scarcely can any law be made which is beneficial to all; but if it benefits the majority, it is useful. 法律难顾及所有人，于大多数人有利足矣。 5.The water spread out for miles in places in Kenya and Somalia, cutting off villages and forcing herders to crowd with their livestock onto a few patches of dry land. 在肯尼亚和索马里的某些地方，河水漫出河床，宽达数英里。洪水切断了村与村之间的联系，迫使牧民们和家畜挤在一起，困缩在一块块狭小的陆地上动弹不得。 6. The snow falls on every wood and field, and no crevice is forgotten; by the river and pond, on the hill and in the valley. 雪，在四处飘落着。雪花撒在树上，撒在田野里，撒在河边、湖畔、山上、谷底——没有一条岩缝墙隙里不飘满雪花。 7. When his door opened they saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful.
2019 年高三一模翻译汇编 1.上海市黄浦区 2019 年高三英语一模翻译 72. 很多人对他们的潜能一无所知。(ignorant) 73. 这些政策在一定程度上对该地区的经济衰退负有责任。(extent) 74. 自古以来老百姓就希望天下太平，同各国人民友好相处。(long for) 75. 青少年问题的发展趋势值得我们关注和研究，也值得整个社会群策群力，共商对策。(which) 72. Many people are totally ignorant of their potential (abilities/talents). 73. These policies are to some extent responsible for the region’ s economic decline. 74. Since ancient times people have longed for a peaceful world to live together in friendship with people from/of all countries. /Since ancient times people have longed for a peaceful world, where people of all/different countries live together in friendship. 75.The developing trend of youth/adolescent/teenager problems deserves our attention and research/ analysis, which also deserves the joint efforts of the whole society to find solutions. 2.上海市普陀区 2019 年高三英语一模翻译 72.晚上别喝太多的咖啡，会睡不着觉的。（or） 73.事实证明，保持快乐的心态会降低得心脏病的风险。（It） 74.乐观的人不会过分怀念美好的旧时光，因为他们正忙着创造新的回忆。（create） 75.追求稳定并不是什么坏事，很多时候这样的态度在促使我们提升自我、挑战难度、攀登高峰。 （ when） 72. Don’ t drink too much coffee at night, or you won ’ t be able to sleep. 1 0.5 0.5 1 73. It is proved that keeping a happy mind reduces the risk of heart diseases. 0.5 1 1 0.5 74. Optimistic people don ’ t miss the good old days too much. 1 1 0.5 75. The pursuit of stability is not a bad thing. (, and 0.5)
毕业设计（论文）英文翻译 课题名称 系 部 专 业 班 级 学 号 姓 名 指导教师 校内： 校外： 2012年4月5日
原文： CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER INTRUSION AND KINDS OF SECURITY BREACHES CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER INTRUSION AND KINDS OF SECURITY BREACHES 1．CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER INTRUSION The target of a crime involving computers may be any piece of the computing system．A computing system is a collection of hardware，software，storage media，data，and persons that an organization uses to do computing tasks．Whereas the obvious target of a bank robbery is cash，a list of names and addresses of depositors might be valuable to a competing bank．The list might be on paper，recorded on a magnetic medium，stored in internal computer memory，or transmitted electronically across a medium such as a telephone line．This multiplicity of targets makes computer security difficult．In any security system，the weakest point is the most serious vulnerability．A robber intent on stealing something from your house will not attempt to penetrate a two-inch thick metal door if a window gives easier access．A sophisticated perimeter physical security system does not compensate for unguarded access by means of a simple telephone line and a modem．The “weakest point” philosophy can be restated as the following principle．
上海翻译公司人文翻译事业的式微之境和振兴之路 不同民族、国家和地区的文化特性构成了世界文化的多样性，多元文化的共生共融又不断催生着新的文化形态，从而推动着人类文化的总体进步。而对一个国家或民族而言，文化的交流亦是其不断完善自身向前发展的一个重要路径，正如郭廷以先生在研究中国近代史时所称：“任何民族的命运，胥决之于其对于时代环境的适应力，亦即决之于文化。文化的形成有发之于一己者，有得之于人者，后者的重要性尤大于前者。集思方可广益，有容乃能致大。”可以毫不夸张地说，如果没有以符号转换为手段，意义再生为任务的跨文化交流为特质的翻译活动，人类就无从走到今天这样一种各种文明蓬勃发展和多元文化共生共融的局面。季羡林先生曾形象地说：“倘若拿河流来作比，中华文化这一条长河，有水满的时候，也有水少的时候，但却从未枯竭。原因就是有新水注入，注入的次数大大小小是颇多的，最大的有两次，一次是从印度来的水，一次是从西方来的水，而这两次的大注入依靠的都是翻译。” 历史如此，近代的西学翻译对中华民族的文明进步所起的推动作用更是清晰可辨，无论请来的是“德先生”还是“赛先生”，都对中国走出封闭、落后，走向开放、富强的复兴之路起到了无可替代的引领作用；19世纪末20世纪初，严复翻译的《天演论》《国富论》《法意》，蔡元培、李大钊、张东荪、贺麟等翻译的杜威、罗素、柏拉图、弗洛伊德、亚里斯多德、马克思西方哲学，朱光潜、潘光旦、冯承钧等译介的西方美学、心理学和欧美汉学等领域的众多经典作品惠泽中国学术，于中国学术之进步，民智之开启厥功甚伟。人文翻译吸收异域的文化精华，丰富我们的民族文化，对中国在思想文化领域与世界的沟通起了巨大作用。 一、人文翻译事业的生态环境与发展危机 从中国翻译协会提供的数据来看，目前全国从事翻译的总数达到五六十万人，其中专门从事翻译、拥有翻译职称的专职人员亦有约6万(高校教师尚不在此列)之多。就翻译图书出版来说，也是盛况空前。据中国版本图书馆资料室统计，1978年至1990年，全国出版翻译作品2.85万种；1996年至2006年，翻译类新书(不包括重译和多版本译著)的数量达到了12.75万种。 从上述数字看，我们翻译文化产业一派繁荣，然而与之相成鲜明对比的是，我国当前的人文翻译事业却面临极大困局，已经有学者将我国人文翻译领域的惨淡景象称为“即将坍塌的翻译界”。 一是人文翻译人才匮乏 虽然当前我国整个翻译行业从业人数在逐年上升，但在庞大的翻译从业者中，真正有水平、受过专业训练的翻译人才很少，人文翻译高端人才稀缺，人才断代的情况更是严重。上海文学翻译界的情况就是一个这样的缩影。上海曾是文学翻译的重要阵地，云集了既是杰出的作家又是卓越翻译家的鲁讯、瞿秋白、郭沫若、茅盾、巴金等文坛巨匠。建国后，上海译坛亦拥有像傅雷、草婴、满涛、叶水夫、方平、包文棣、孙大雨、朱雯、孙家晋等一批名家。但在这些人身后又有谁呢？目前，上海翻译家协会500多名会员平均年龄在60岁左右，60岁以上的老龄会员已占会员总数的70%，50岁左右的占20%，30岁以下的占2%都不到。而且那些文艺翻译硕果累累的翻译家都在这60岁以上的70%里。从全国范围来看，情况亦不容乐观。个别领域后继乏人的现象已非常突出，如民间歌曲的翻译，20年来只有上海现年75岁的薛范先生一人还在从事。“黄昏之笔”谁来接，成为业内人士的普遍担忧。 二是人文翻译精品力作减少 根据中国新闻出版信息网CIP数据中心的数据统计，近年来全国人文类翻译图书(包括文学类、艺术类和社科类)总数都可达数千种。然而，与人文翻译出版数量剧增不相匹配的是优秀翻译作品没有同步增长。新译作品大多是出自学徒辈年轻人之手的“快餐性”作品，已很难出现傅雷译的《约翰·克利斯朵夫》、杨绛译的《唐吉诃德》、朱生豪译莎士比亚等既能再现原文精神，又能整合中文特色的经得起时间检验的精品
上海历届春高考英语句子翻译汇编（2000年-----2016年） 2000上海春考 1. 进入大学以后, 他对计算机很感兴趣。(become interested in) He became very interested in computers after he entered college. 2. 集邮几乎占据了他所有业余时间。(occupy) Collecting stamps occupies almost all his spare time. 3. 只要专心学习, 你一定能顺利通过考试。(concentrate) As long as you concentrate on your study, you are sure to pass the exam. 4. 越来越多的人意识到遵守交通规则的重要性。(be aware) More and more people are aware of the importance of observing traffic regulations. 5. 尽管有很多困难, 我们仍将努力执行我们的计划。(in spite of) In spite of many difficulties/hardships, we will still carry out our plan. 6. 诺贝尔奖金授予那些在某一个领域作出巨大贡献的科学家。(be awarded) The Nobel Prizes are awarded to those scientists who have made great contributions i n a certain field. 2000上海高考 1. 这张照片是我想起了我们在夏令营度过的日子。(remind) This picture reminds me of the days that we spent in the summer camp. 2. 假如你想从事这项工作，你必须先接受三个月的训练。(take up) If you want to take up this job, you must first receive three months’ training. 3. 你一旦养成了坏习惯，改掉它是很难的。(once) Once you develop a bad habit, it is difficult to get rid of it. 4. 同其他同学相比，那个女孩有更强的英语听，说能力。(compare) Compared with other students, the girl has better listening and speaking skills. 5. 众所周知，成功来自于勤奋，不努力则一事无成。(without) As is known to all, success comes from hard work/diligence, and nothing can be achie ved without efforts/hard work.
第12页 0903060136 梁潇 0903060137 黄浩 0901014108 黄瑞尧 5.3性能分析 通信开销：在和平时期，验证和密钥协商协议的要求只有三路之间的网状路由器和网络用户和双向沟通网络用户之间。这是最低的通信回合要实现相互认证，因此，和平招致降低认证延迟。此外，通过设计，和平带来最低的额外因为它们可能对网络用户的通信开销如掌上电脑和智能手机进行的移动客户端比其他笔记本电脑访问无线网状网。这些移动客户端要少得多强大相比，网状路由器考虑到他们的沟通能力。在消息（M.1），（M.1），（M.2），网络用户只需要发送一组签名履行认证功能。作为我们立足本集团上签字的变化计划[8]中提出，签名的包括两个G的元素五个元素的Z带够。当使用[19]中描述的曲线，可以首要采取p到170位并使用G组1，其中每个元素是171位。因此，总群签名的长度为1192位或149字节。有了这些参数，安全性是大致相同作为一个标准的1024位RSA签名，这是128个字节[8]。也就是说，群签名的长度几乎是作为一个标准的RSA-1024的签名相同。 计算开销：在和平，最昂贵的计算操作的签名生成和验证。签名生成需要两个同构的应用中。同构计算，需要大约同时，作为一个在G1幂（使用快速计算的轨迹图）[8]。因此，签名生成需要约八幂（或multiexponentiations）和两个双线性映射计算。验证签名需要六个幂和3+2|网址|双线性映射计算。按照设计，和平采用会话认证的不对称对称的混合方法，降低计算成本。网络实体（Mesh 路由器和网络用户）执行昂贵的组签名操作相互验证，只有当建立一个新的会话，所有同一会话的后续数据交换是通过高效的基于MAC的方法进行验证。 更具体地说，和平需要进行相互认证，为建立一个新的会话时，执行一个签名生成和签名验证的网络用户。由此可以看出，签名验证的实际成本计算取决于一致资源定址器的大小，而签名的发电成本是固定的。和平可以主动控制的一致资源定址器的大小。此外，可以采取一种更为有效的吊销检查算法，其运行的时间是一致资源定址器的独立[8]中描述了对用户的隐私有点牺牲。这种技术可以进一步带来的总成本六幂和5个双线性映射计算的签名验证。另一方面，和平需要一个网状路由器进行相互认证其覆盖范围内的每个网络用户每每灯塔消息不同的会议和标志定期播出。 存储开销：在和平中，网络用户可以携带资源约束的普及设备，如掌上电脑和智能手机访问的无线网状网。因此，存储每个网络用户的开销应该是负担得起的现代普及设备。在我们的计划显示说明，在和平中的每个网络用户需要存储两个信息：他的小组的私钥及相关系统参数。该组的私钥为每个用户包含1组元素的G1和2个Z元素。如果我们首要选择p到170位，并使用G组1每个组171位的元素，每个组私钥用户只需消耗511位的内存，这是微不足道的现代普及设备。大多数的内存消耗部分是系统参数，其中可能包括代码来形容双线性组（G
上海高考英语-----翻译短语考点 第九轮50 个短语 1.掩盖事实______________ 2. 高考改革____________ 3 . 学业负担_______________ 4. 引起某人热议____________ 5.丰富校园生活______________- 6. 培养团队精神_______________ 7. 陪伴某人度过珍贵童年___________ 8. 前景良好的职业生涯___________ 9. 信不信由你_____________-- 10.关键因素_______________ 11. 宁愿做.....不愿....._____________ 12. 与某人关系很糟..._____________ 13.在某人的内心深处____________ 14. 时光荏苒_____________ 15. 一次难忘的回忆____________ 16. 步入正轨____________ 17. 高度赞扬_____________- 18. 戒烟______________ 19. 毫不犹豫______________ 20. 艺术作品______________ 21. 此外,而且_____________- 22. 无法容忍____________ 23. 经受时间考验_____________ 24. 抵制....诱惑______________ 25. 意外伤害______________ 26. 翘首以盼______________ 27.元旦_____________ 28. 齐心合力_______________ 29.....出毛病______________ 30.推迟__________________ 翻译中常考句式： 1．the more ...........the more ......... eg: The more books you read , the fewer mistakes you will make . The more you read , the more likely you are to be exposed to different cultures. The harder you study , the greater progress you will make . 2.the reason why ...............is/was that ............... eg: The reason why he was late this morning was that he missed the bus . 3..........as....+形/副原级.......as........... eg: Their suggestions sound/are as feasible as ours. 4.同位语从句：名词+that +句子 eg: People always hold the belief that the closer you stay to nature, the more you will appreciate her beauty.