句子成分
什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject、谓语(predicate、表语(predicative、宾语(object、定语(attribute、状语(adverbial 和补语(complement。
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。
英语五种基本句型列式如下:
一:S V(主+谓
二:S V P(主+系+表
三:S V O(主+谓+宾
四:S V o O(主+谓+间宾+直宾
五:S V O C(主+谓+宾+宾补
基本句型一:S V(主+谓
主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy,主格代词(如you,动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!
谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come.
此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
S│V(不及物动词
1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。
2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。
3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。
4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。
5. Who │cares? 管它呢?
6. What he said │doe s not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。
7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。
8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。基本句型二:S V P(主+系+表
此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类
动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的
作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻
S│V(是系动词│P
1. This │is │an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。
2. The dinner │smells │good. 午餐的气味很好。
3. He │fell │in love. 他堕入了情网。
4. Everything │looks │different. 一切看来都不同了。
5. He │is growing │tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮
6. The trouble│is │that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。
7. Our well │has gone │dry. 我们井干枯了。
8. His face │turned │red. 他的脸红了。
There be 结构:There be 表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。
此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在有某事物’
试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’。
基本句型三:S V O(主+谓+宾
此句型句子的共同特点是:谓语动词都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作,但不能表达完整的意思,必须跟有一个宾语,即动作的承受者,才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是‘代词宾格’,如: me,him,them等
S│V(及物动词│O
1. Who │knows │the answer? 谁知道答案?
2. She │smiled │her thanks. 她微笑表示感谢。
3. He │has refused │to help them. 他拒绝帮他们。
4. He │enjoys │reading. 他喜欢看书。
5. They │ate │what was left over. 他们吃了剩饭。
6. He │said │"Good morning." 他说:"早上好!"
7. I │want│to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。
8. He │admits │that he was mistaken. 他承认犯了错误。
基本句型四:S V o O(主+谓+间宾+直宾
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:give给,pass递,bring带, show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人,为间接宾语;一个指物,为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。一般的顺序为:动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语。如:Give me a cup of tea, please.
强调间接宾语顺序为:动词+ 直接宾语+介词+ 间接宾语。如: Show this house to Mr. Smith.
若直接宾语为人称代词:动词+ 代词直接宾语+介词+ 间接宾语。如: Bring it to me, please.
S│V(及物│o(多指人│O(多指物
1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。
2. She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。
3. He │brought │you │a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。
4. He │denies │her │nothing. 他对她什么都不拒绝。
5. I │showed │him │my pictures. 我给他看我的照片
6. I │gave │my car │a wash. 我洗了我的汽车。
7. I │told │him │that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。
8. He │showed │me │how to run the machine. 他教我开机器。
基本句型五:S V O C(主+谓+宾+宾补
此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语,才能使意思完整。
宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语。名词/代词宾格+ 名词
The war made him a soldier./战争使他成为一名战士.
名词/代词宾格+ 形容词
New methods make the job easy./新方法使这项工作变得轻松.
名词/代词宾格+ 介词短语
I often find him at work./我经常发现他在工作.
名词/代词宾格+ 动词不定式
The teacher ask the students to close the windows./老师让学生们关上窗户.
名词/代词宾格+ 分词
I saw a cat running across the road./我看见一只猫跑过了马路.
S│V(及物│O(宾语│C(宾补
1. They │appointed │him │manager. 他们任命他当经理。
2. They │painted │the door │green. 他们把门漆成绿色
3. This │set │them │thinking. 这使得他们要细想一想。
4. They │found │the house │deserted. 他们发现那房子无人居住。
5. What │makes │him │think so? 他怎么会这样想?
6. We │saw │him │out. 我们送他出去
7. He │asked │me │to come back soon. 他要我早点回来。
8. I │saw │them │getting on the bus. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。
但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短,这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外,通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语(modifier而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词(主要是形容词、副词和数词,也可以是各种类型的短语(主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语。我们称之为:定语、状语
一、定语:定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some, any, every, no构成的复合不定代词时,(如:something、nothing;或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时,则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。
形容词作定语:
The little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy;blue修饰名词pen./小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。
Tom is a handsome boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。
There is a good boy./有个乖男孩。
数词作定语相当于形容词:
Two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。
The two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生。
There are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。
代词或名词所有格作定语:
His boy needs Tom\'s pen./他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。
His name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆。
There are two boys of Toms there./那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。
介词短语作定语:
The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。
The boy in blue is Tom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。
There are two boys of 9,and three of 10./有两个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩。名词作定语:
The boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。
It is a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔。
There is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。副词作定语:
The boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。
The best boy here is Tom./这里最棒的男孩是Tom。
不定式作定语:
The boy to write this letter needs a pen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。The boy to write this letter is Tom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。
There is nothing to do today./今天无事要做。
分词(短语作定语:
The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。
The pen bought by her is made in China./她买的笔是中国产的。
There are five boys left./有五个留下的男孩。
定语从句:The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。
The boy you will know is Tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。
There are five boys who will play the game./参加游戏的男孩有五个。
二、状语:状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。
状语在句子中的位置很灵活,常见情况为:通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首;修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首,地点状语一般须在时间状语之前;一些表示不确定时间(如:often或程度(如:almost的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。
有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义,应注意,如:The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成‘男孩喊教室里的女孩‘(此时in the classroom为girl的定语,也可以理解为‘男孩在教室里喊女孩’(此时in the classroom为地点状语,最好写作‘In the classroom, the boy calls the girl.\'
副词(短语作状语:
The boy needs a pen very much./男孩非常需要一支钢笔。(程度状语 The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother./男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。(宾语较长则状语前置
The boy really needs a pen./男孩真的需要一支钢笔。(程度状语
The boy needs a pen now./Now, the boy needs a pen./The boy, now, needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔。(时间状语
介词短语作状语:In the classroom, the boy needs a pen./在教室里,男孩需要一支钢笔。(地点状语
Before his mother, Tom is always a boy./在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语
On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom./星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语
分词(短语作状语:
He sits there, asking for a pen./他坐在那儿要一支笔。(表示伴随状态 Having to finish his homework, the boy needs a pen./因为不得不完成作业,男孩需要一支笔。(原因状语
Frightened, he sits there soundlessly./(因为受了惊吓,他无声地坐在那儿。(原因状语
不定式作状语:
The boy needs a pen to do his homework./男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。(目的状语
To make his dream come true, Tom becomes very interested in business./为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣.
名词作状语:
Come this way!/走这条路!(方向状语
状语从句:
时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句
三、同位语:同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分,近乎于后置定语。如:
We students should study hard. / (students是we的同位语,都是指同一批‘学生’
We all are students. / (all是we的同位语,都指同样的‘我们’
四、独立成分:有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分,称为句子独立成分(注意:区别于分词独立结构。
感叹词:oh, hello, aha, ah,等。
肯定词yes
否定词no
称呼语:称呼人的用语。
插入语:一些句中插入的I think , I believe,等。
如: The story, I think, has never come to the end./我相信,这个故事还远没结束.
情态词,表示说话人的语气(多作为修饰全句的状语:perhaps也许,maybe大
概,actually实际上,certainly当然,等。
五、分词独立结构:分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词独立结构。
例:
错句:Studying hard, your score will go up. 正确:(1 Studying hard, you can make your score go up.
或(2If you study hard, your score will go up.
解析:错句中分词studying没有自带逻辑主语,则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,既your score . 显然做study的应是人,不应是your score(分数. 正确句(1更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻辑主语一致( 同为you ;正确句(2则使用条件分句带出study的主语,(不过已经不是分词结构了. 分词独立结构常省略being, having been.不过‘There being...’的场合不能省略.
如:
Game (being over, he went home.
He stands there, book (being in hand. 独立结构还可用with、without引导,作状语或定语。这种结构不但可以用分词,还可以用不定式、形容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。
如:
With nothing to do, he fell asleep soon./无事可做,他很快就睡着了。The teacher came in, with glasses on his nose./老师进来了,戴着一付眼镜。(注意,此句on his nose 不可省略!
句子成分练习题( 一
(一. 指出下列句中主语的中心词(4分,4分钟
①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
②There is an old man coming here.
③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. (二选出句中谓语的中心词(10分,10分钟
①I don't like the picture on the wall.
A. don't
B. like
C. picture
D. wall
②The days get longer and longer when summer comes.
A. get
B. longer
C. days
D. summer
③Do you usually go to school by bus?
A. Do
B. usually
C. go
D. bus
④There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
A. will be
B. meeting
C. the library
D. afternoon
⑤Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?
A. Did
B. twins
C. have
D. breakfast
⑥Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.
A. Tom
B. didn't
C. do
D. his homework
⑦What I want to tell you is this.
A. want
B. to tell
C. you
D. is
⑧We had better send for a doctor.
A. We
B. had
C. send
D. doctor
⑨He is interested in music.
A. is
B. interested
C. in
D. music
⑩Whom did you give my book to?
A. give
B. did
C. whom
D. book
(三挑出下列句中的宾语(10分,10分钟
①My brother hasn't done his homework.
②People all over the world speak English.
③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
④How many new words did you learn last class?
⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?
⑥The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.
⑦They made him monitor of the class.
⑧Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.
⑨You will find it useful after you leave school.
⑩They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.
(四挑出下列句中的表语(5分,5分钟
①The old man was feeling very tired.
②Why is he worried about Jim?
③The leaves have turned yellow.
④Soon They all became interested in the subject.
⑤She was the first to learn about it.
(五挑出下列句中的定语(6分,6分钟
①They use Mr. and Mrs. with the family name.
②What is your given name?
③On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.
④I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
⑤The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
⑥I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!
(六挑出下列句中的宾语补足语(6分,6分钟
①She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
②He asked her to take the boy out of school.
③She found it difficult to do the work.
④They call me Lily sometimes.
⑤I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.
⑥Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?
(七挑出下列句中的状语(8分,8分钟
①There was a big smile on her face.
②Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
③He began to learn English when he was eleven.
④The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.
⑤With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.
⑥She loves the library because she loves books.
⑦I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.
⑧The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine. (八划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语(5分,5分钟
①Please tell us a story.
②My father bought a new bike for me last week.
③Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.
④Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.
⑤Did he leave any message for me?
句子成分练习题( 二
指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分:
1.Whether we’ll go depend on the weather .
2. People’s standards of living are going up steadily .
3. That was how they were defeated.
4.The nursery takes good care of our children .
5.I’ll return the book to you tomorrow .
6.We are sure that we shall succeed .
7.The woman with a baby in her arms is his other .
8.There are many film that I’d like to see.
9.Have you met the person about whom he was speaking ?
10.I have a lot of work to do . 11. Anyway I won’t stop you from doing it . 12. I said it in fun . 13. We can send a car over to fetch you . 14. She had to work standing up . 15. Seeing this ,some comrades became very worried . 16. Much interested , he agreed to give it a try . 17. The bus arrived ten minutes late . 18. We should serve the people heart and soul. 19. Spring coming on , the tree turned green . 20. Some farmers saw something strange in the sky . 21. We think it necessary that everyone should attend the meeting . 22. It’s strange that she doesn’t come today . 23. It was in the library that I come today . 24. He likes drawing at times when he isn’t working . 25. We left in suc h a hurry that we forgot to lock the door. 句子成分练习题( 三 A 1、 ___ six years since I began to study English. A. It is B. I have been C. There are D. It was 2 、___ in the room at that time. A. Nobody was B. Someone were C. Who is D. He are 3 、IT'S very noisy outside. ___ is going on? A. Who B. What C. Which D. Where 4、 ___ in English in class every day is important. A. Speak B. Talking C. Saying D. To tell 5 、There must be____ near the factory. A. a book store B. book store C. books store D. books stores 6 、Although it's raining hard, ___ are still working in the fields. A. but they B. and they C. they D. since they B 1、 The doctor as well as the nurses ___ great concern for the patients. A. show B. shows C. have shown D. are showing 2、 Your son must be a clever boy, ___ he? A. is B. isn't C. must D. mustn't 3、 The computer center, ___ last year, is very popular among students in this school. A. open B. opening C. opened D. being opened 4 、I ___ go to the shop today, for there is a lot of food at home. A. mustn't B. had to C. can't D. needn't 5 、Don't ___ excited. A. get B. is C. seem D. look 6 This room ___ every morning. A. is cleaning B. is cleaned C. cleans D. cleaning C 1、 Glad to meet you! ___ is your full name? A. What B. Where C. How D. Who 2、 He is ___ to lift the heavy box. A. too weak B. weak too C. enough weak D. weak enough 3、 The days are ___ warmer and warmer in spring. A. getting B. looking C. seeming D. going 4 、His job is____ English.
A. teach
B. to teach
C. taught
D. teaches 5 、Two balls are___. A. under the desk B. in the wall C. to here D. at desks D 1 、We should get ready___ others. A. helping B. to help C. help D. help with 2、 ___interesting work we are doing? A. What a B. How C.
What D. What an 3、 I want___ a teacher when I grow up. A. to be B. to C. be D. being 4、 -Would you like to go on a picnic with me today? -I don't think so. To be honest, I really don't feel like ___on a picnic. A. going B. to go C. go D. went 5 Do you know___?
A. where does he live
B. where he lives
C. where he live
D. if where he lives
6 Let ____ do it again. A. I B. me C. he D. she
7 I don't know___. A. how to do B. what to do C. where to do D. when to do E 1、 I saw him ___ basketball with Jack an hour ago. A. plays B. to play C. played D. play 2、 Sorry, we've kept you___ for a long time. A. waited B. sing C. stand D. waiting 3 、The teacher told us ____ late again. A. aren't be B. don't be C. not to be D. not be 4 、We find the room very___. A. warm B. warmly C. terribly D. hardly F 1 、I found ___ difficult to work together with him. A. it B. its C. that D. those 2 、We all know ___ our duty to clean our classroom after school every day. A. that B. this C. which D. it 3、 He found ___ very interesting to play with the little dog. A. what B. it C. / D. that G ( 1 Tom said he ___ a good dream yesterday evening. A. dream B. dreamed C. have D. has ( 2 Children ___ a happy life in China. A. lead B. living C. has D. leading H ( 1 America, Japan and Canada are___ countries. A. developing B. developed C. less developed D. develop ( 2 -___ skirt is that on the chair? -Let me see. Oh, no, it's not mine. A. Whose B. What C. Who's D. Which ( 3 Do you have anything ___? A. saying B. to say C. said D. say ( 4 Look, there is an ___tree by the wall.
A. apple
B. apple's
C. apples'
D. apples ( 5 Where is ____seat? A. yours B. your C. you D. yourselves I ( 1 The box is ___ heavy for her ___ carry. A. very; to B. too; not to C. too; to D. very too; to 2 -___ did you buy the new bag? -Last Monday. A. Where B. How C. When D. Who 3 You can see these signs in a hospital. ___ can you see them? A. Where else B. Where place else C. Where else place D. Else where 4 They went out ___ their
old friends. A. visit B. visiting C. to visit D. visited 5 There is a wide river____ our village. A. outside B. over C. from D. below J 1 The young man, ___ works in the office.
A. me brother
B. my brother
C. my brothers
D. me 2 Our English teacher, ___ often helps us with study. A. Mrs. Wang B. Mrs. Wang C. Mrs. Wang's . D. of him 3 ___, some railway workers are busy repairing the train. A. Them B. He C. They D. Theirs
初中---五种基本句型 中考对五种基本句型的考查主要集中在以下几方面： 1. 掌握五种基本句型的基本用法。 2. 掌握五种基本句型在用法上的区别。 中考考查这部分内容时的题型和大体分值为： 单选（1分） 写句子（1分） 写作（1-2分） 阅读理解（1-2分） 一、知识精讲 五种基本句型是句子最基本的组成部分。掌握了这五种基本句型，在阅读中当我们遇到较复杂的句子时，运用这些基本句型，对句子的分析就会变得容易多了。在写作中，首先要能运用好这些基本句型，才能得到高分。 （一）五种基本句型的句子成分： 1. 句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分包括主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语等。 2. 主语（subject）：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。 【例句】 We often speak English in class. 我们在课上经常说英语。 Smoking does harm to the health. 吸烟对健康有害。 The rich should help the poor. 富有的人应该帮助贫困的人。 3. 谓语（verb）：谓语可用来说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词常在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。分及物动词和不及物动词两种。 【例句】 He practices running every morning. 他每天早晨练习跑步。 I have caught a bad cold. 我得了重感冒。 We like helping the people in trouble 我们喜欢帮助那些处于困境中的人。
知识精讲 一、整体把握 成分用法说明位置 主语是执行句子的行为或动作的主 体。 陈述句中放在句首或谓语之前；疑问句或倒装句 中放在动词、助动词、情态动词之后；there be结 构中放在be之后；祈使句中常省 谓语对主语加以陈述，说明主语怎 么样或是什么。必须由动词担 任，其人称和数必须和主语一 致。 通常在主语后（疑问句、倒装句除外）。 表语与系动词连用，一起构成复合 谓语，说明主语的性质、特征、 身份、类别、状态等。 常在系动词之后。 宾语表示动作、行为的对象。一般放在及物动词或介词后。间接宾语通常放在直接宾语之前。直接宾语是人称代词，间接宾语是名词或两个宾语都是人称代词时，间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，并在间接宾语前加to或for。 定语用来修饰名词或代词，说明人 或物的状态、品质、数量及所 属等。 单个词常在被修饰的词前，短语或句子在被修饰 的词之后；副词作定语常放在被修饰的伺候；形 容词修饰不定代词放在被修饰的伺候。 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词，表 示动作发生的时间、地点、目 的、方式等。 位置比较灵活。 补语补充说明宾语或主语的成分。宾语补足语通常置于宾语之后，主语补足语通常置于主语和谓语之后。 同位语对句子中某一成分作进一步解 释、说明，与前面的被修辞成 分在语法上处于同等地位。 常常置于被说明的成分之后。有时可以放在句子 的前面（主语之前），尤其是主语为人称代词时， 为平衡句子的节奏，则把同位语放置于此代词前。 独立成分独立成分是指句子里的一个词 或词组与全局没有语法上的联 系，不属于句子的组成部分； 一般由感叹语、呼语或插入语 等担任。 可放在句首、句中或句末。 二、细讲：主语 表现形式例句
第一讲英语句子结构分析 教学重点： 1：掌握五种基本句型 2：了解除Be以外的其他四种系动词。 3：了解接TO和FOR的双宾语的动词有哪些。 4：能够区分双宾语和复合宾语得区别。 句子的划分 I. 根据结构划分：①简单句 S+V（主+谓） S+V+P(主+谓+表) S+V+O（主+谓+宾） S+V+o+O（主+谓+间宾+直宾） S+V+O+C（主+谓+宾+宾补） ②并列句 and, but, or ③复合句：名词从句（宾，主，表，同） 副词从句（状语从句） 形容词从句（定语从句） II. 根据功能划分：陈述句 疑问句（一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问
句，反义疑问句，修辞疑问句） 祈使句 感叹句 III. 根据句子成分：单个词汇 短语 从句 一．陈述句（五种句型） 1.I am a webaholic.我是一个网虫。 Chatting on the internet is interesting. 我喜欢网上聊天。 2.Internet dating hurts.网恋有害。 3.I like chatting online.我喜欢网上聊天。 4.Chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun.网 上聊天给我带来很多乐趣。 5.We can call internet addicts a webaholic.我们管网上 一隐君子叫网虫。
I. 常用作连系动词： ①变成,变得：become, come, fall, get, go, grow, run, turn 口诀：好是come，坏是go;天气、外貌慢慢grow; 流水、金钱缓缓run;颜色、天气大不同turn；Get\ become口语化，如果要说就用它. 口诀解读： 如：Dreams come true. 梦想成真。
英语句子五种基本结构+代词be动词初级练习题 1.S(主）+ Vi（不及物动词）（主谓结构） 2. S (主语）+ Vt （及物动词）（谓语）+ O（宾语）（主谓宾结构） 3. S (主语）+ V（谓语）（lv，系动词）+ P（表语）（主系表结构） 4. S (主）+ VT （谓）+ In O（间接宾语）+ D O（直接宾语）（主语+双宾语结构） 5. S (主）+ VT（谓）+ O（宾）+ O C（宾补）（主语+谓语+宾语+宾补结构） 练习题： 一、造句（请用自己中文写出以上五种基本句子的例句，并用横线划分句子结构） 例如：主谓宾结构 1、我喜欢吃苹果。（主谓宾） 二、判断句子结构，并用横线划分句子结构。 1、我和妹妹喜欢洋娃娃。 2、打排球是一件很有趣的事。 3、我爸爸是一位工程师。 4、我给我妹妹五个糖。 5、去北京是我的梦想。 6、王叔叔的儿子跳了起来。 7、打排球和踢足球是我的爱好。 8、把这件事做好是我们的主要任务。 9、我把钢笔还给了小明。 10、这件事情让我很开心。 11、李明、张红和张强的自行车都被偷了。 练习题：第一题：根据题目要求将所给代词的适当形式填入括号内(每个括号里只填 写一个单词)。 1、——This is my book. ——This is______.（I） 2、LiLy, where(在哪里) is ______ book？(you) 3、______are very nice. (I) 4、______am very good.(I) 5、______books are cheap(便宜).（they） 6、_______book is cheap.（she） 7、_______books are cheap.(she) 8、Dog is clever(聪明的)，_____can(可以) find（找到）the way（路） back to ____ home.(it)(狗很聪明，它可以找到回它自己家的路) 第二题：根据题干选着合适的be动词填空。 1、I_____ a good student. 2、He ______a good student.
LESSON ONE 句子的三种模式 导言本课的重点是掌握英语的三种基本句型，注意词性和词序，以及定语的位置,同时注意中英文表达上的相同和不相同的地方。三种基本句型虽然简单，但至关重要。掌握好它们，在今后的学习中有一通百通之效。 ▲主+系动词+表 注：*注意该结构中的名词，它们能被定语修饰。 1 这个人是一个老师。The man is a teacher. 主语系表语主语系表语（名词） 2 他（是）很忙。He is busy. 主语系表语主语系表语（形容词） ▲注意中文中的系动词经常被省略,而英文中绝不能省。 3 她（是）在教室里。She is in the classroom.
主语系表语主语系表语（介词短语） ▲定语只修饰名词，不破坏句子的基本结构。通常由形容词和介词短语充当，形容词放在所修饰的名词之前，而介词短语放在所修饰的名词之后，请注意英语与汉语词序的不同。看懂中文的定语是翻译好定语的关键。 介词短语 ---英国法学家波洛克 介词短语 Happiness is a station -----------Pollock, British jurist 形容词介词短语 5 形容词介词短语 man is a teacher 介词短语形容词
6.教室里。 形容词介词短语 The teacher is handsome. My book is 表语（介词短语）定语（介词短语） She is 介词短语即可以做表语也可以做定语，虽然它们词性相同，但由于词序不同，它们所起到的作用也不同，当在is的后面是表语,跟在名词的后面它就起到定语的作用。 课堂练习 1 1是
英语语法——英语句子成分分析 句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的，表达一个完整的意义。一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语等。句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。 1）主语：是一句的主体，是全句述说的对象，常用名词，数词或代词担任，一般放于句首。如： Students study. (学生学习。) We are friends.(我们是朋友) 这两句话中单词students是个名词，we是代词，它们在句中做主语。 2）谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。如： Students study. (学生学习。) We are friends. (我们是朋友) 这两句话中单词study和are都是动词，study叫做实意动词，are叫做be 动词，它们在句中作谓语。 3）宾语：表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如： They are teachers. ( 他们是老师。) I play with him. (我和他一起玩。) 这两句话中单词teachers是名词，单词him是带词，它们在句中作宾语。4）定语：是用来说明或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词放在名词之前，相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面。如： This is a red sun.(这是个红太阳.) He is a tall boy.（他是个高个子男孩。） 这两句话中单词red和tall都是形容词，它们作定语。 ５）状语是用来说明动词，形容词，副词或整个句子的成分。常由副词担任。修饰动词时可以放在动词之前，也可以放在动词之后；修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。如： The students study hard. (这些学生学习努力。) I often write to him. (我常给他写信。) The bag is too heavy. (这个书包太重了。) 这三句话中单词hard 和often修饰的都是动词，第三句话中单词too修饰的是形容词，它们都作状语。 ６）表语：用来说明主语的性质或状态。一般由名词或者形容词担任。如：This table is long. (这个桌子是长的。) 通常情况下,主语和宾语前的成分是定语，谓语前的成分是状语，时间词作状语
练习 一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分： 1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting! 5. They went hunting together early in the morning. 6. His job is to train swimmers. 7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 8. There is going to be an American film tonight. 9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 10. His wish is to become a scientist. 11. He managed to finish the work in time. 12. Tom came to ask me for advice. 13. He found it important to master English. 14. Do you have anything else to say? 15. To be honest, your pronunciation is not so good. 16. Would you please tell me your address? 17. He sat there, reading a newspaper. 18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 19. He noticed a man enter the room. 20. The apples tasted sweet. 二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的定语（—）、状语（＝）、补语（～）： Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy. We cook meat on an open fire outside. It's great! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion. Some of my friends drink beer. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States. There are five different time areas in the States. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time. How many different time areas do you have in China? Well, I must stop and get some sleep. Please give my best regards to your parents. 三、选择填空： ( )1. ____ will leave for Beijing. A. Now there the man B. The man here now C. The man who is here now D. The man is here now ( ) 2. The weather ____. A. wet and cold B. is wet and cold C. not wet and cold D. were wet and cold ( ) 3. The apple tasted ____. A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet ( ) 4. He got up ____ yesterday morning. A. lately B. late C. latest D. latter ( )5. The actor ______at the age of 70. A. dead B. died C. dyed D. deaded
初中英语基本语法结构 句子是文章的基础，无论多长的文章都是由一个一个的句子组成的，因此，学习运用写作及阅读应学好造句，打好坚实的句法基础，才有可能写出好的文章。运用句子的基本结构 英语的句子千变万化，但是无论其怎样变化，都是由为数不多的几个基本句子结构扩展而来的，造句就好像画一棵树，掌握了句子的基本结构，就如同掌握了树干的画法，在此基础上便可以学习添枝加叶，画出千变万化的树木了。 运用的基本结构可以分为五个类型。 1、主语+系动词+表语（S+V+P） 列如：She is a student （身份）He has become an engineer It tastes sweet They are in the classroom 这种句子机构的动词是系动词，其后的表语表示主语的身份，特征或者状态。英语中可用作系动词的数量很少，最常用的是be的各种变化形式，初学者比较容易用错的是其他的系动词，如become，turn，look，seem，appear，sound，taste，smell，remain，prove，keep，fall，等的，由于系动词数量不多，初学者只要稍加留意就不会出错了。 2、主语+动词（S+V）列如：water flows He is reading She has arrived T hey will come Mary cried 这种句子结构的动词是不及物动词，其后无须跟其他的句子成分。初学者使用这类词时，应当注意不要受其汉语对应词意义的影响。例如汉语中的’到‘在英语中的对应词可以是arrive，也可以是reach，但是reach是及物动词，须有宾语，不能用在上面第三个例句中。反之，如果需要带宾语时，arrive后则应加介词。 例如：They have reached NEW YORK They have arrived at NEWYORK 3、主语+动词+宾语（S+V+O） 例如：Tom speaks English He bought a jacket They have finished the job Rose is reading a book 这种句子结构中的动词是单宾及物动词，其后必须跟一个宾语。英语中的及物动词大多数都属这一类。 4、主语+动词+宾语+宾语（S+V+O+O） 例如：Mr Brown teaches them English Mother told me a story Give us a ring when you arrive at the college The students are giving the classroom a thorough clean up 这种句子结构中的动词是双宾及物动词，其后跟两个宾语，即间接宾语和直接宾语。直接宾语是动作承受者或结果，如上例中的English，a story ，a ring ，a thorough cleanup，间接宾语则表示动作是为谁做的，如上例中的them，me，us和the classroom。虽然这类动词的数量不是很多，但使用频率很高，构成了一种英语
定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分：主语和谓语 次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语 I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday . 主语谓语定语宾语同位语状语 ㈠主语（subject） 句子说明的人或事物 Jane is good at playing the piano.（名词） She went out in a hurry.（代词） Four plus four is eight.（数词） To see is to believe.（不定式） Smoking is bad for health.（动名词） The young should respect the old.（名词化的形容词） What he has said is true. （句子） 找出下列句中的主语：1、The sun rises in the east. 2、Twenty years is a short time in history. 3、The poor are now living in the shelter. 4、Seeing is believing. 5、To see is to believe. 6、He likes dancing.
7、What he needs is a book. 8、It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. ㈡谓语 说明主语的动作、状态和特征 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。）： 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. (三)宾语动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语Show your passport, please. （名词） She didn't say anything. （代词） How many do you want? - I want two. （数词） They sent the injured to hospital. （名词化的形容词） They asked to see my passport. （不定式） I enjoy working with you. （动名词） Did you write down what he said? （句子）
句子结构分析 句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。 主要成分：主语和谓语 1、主语 一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。主语的位置： 一般位于句首，由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。 The school is far from here. 名词做主语 She goes to school by bike. 代词做主语 Eight is a lucky number. 数词做主语 The blind need more help. 名词化的形容词做主语 There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语 Predicting the future is interesting. 动名词做主语 To be a doctor is my dream. 不定式短语做主语 若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。It takes me an hour to get there. 2、谓语 表示人或事物( 主语) 的动作和存在的状态. 英语中由动词be、动词have 和行为动词来充当谓语动词 句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。 谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。 分析下列句子的主语和谓语 Mr. Li teaches English. He can play the piano. My parents and I are having dinner. He studies very hard. She likes speaking. I can swim in the river. We don’t like math. He doesn ’t watch TV.
英语句子的基本结构 英语句子由主语、谓语动词、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等成分构成。 主语：Subject=S.,表示句子所说的是什么人或事物。 由名词n.、代词pron.或相当于名词、代词的短语来充当。 谓语：Predicate,说明主语做什么、是什么或怎么样。 由动词Verb=V.来充当。谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。 宾语：Object=O.,表示动作、行为的对象。及物动词Vt.后可以接双宾语 （即：间接宾语Indirect Object=Oi.; 直接宾语Direct Object=Od.）。 由名词n.、代词pron.或相当于名词代词的短语来充当。 表语：Predicative=P.,说明主语是什么或者怎么样。 由名词n.、形容词adj.、代词pron.或相当于名词、形容词的短语来充当，和连系动词v.一起构成谓语。 补语：Object Complement=Oc.,放在某些及物动词Vt.的宾语O.后面，补充说明宾语的特征， 宾语和补语一起构成复合宾语。 根据谓语动词与其他成分的不同搭配，我们可以将英语句子归纳为以下五种基本句型 （祈使句除外） 1. 主语+不及物动词 S+Vi. Example: The teacher left yesterday. 2. 主语+及物动词+宾语 S+Vt+O. Example: He teaches English. 3. 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 S+Vt+Oi+Od Example: He teaches us English 或主语+及物动词+直接宾语+for/to+间接宾语 S+Vt +Od+for/to+ Oi He teaches English to us. 4. 主语+连系动词+表语 S+V+P Example: It is fine today. 5. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 S+Vt+O+Oc Example:
一、句子成分精讲 句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。 主要成分：主语和谓语 1、主语 一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。主语的位置： 一般位于句首，由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。The school is far from here. 名词做主语 She goes to school by bike.代词做主语 Eight is a lucky number.数词做主语 The blind need more help.名词化的形容词做主语 There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语 Predicting the future is interesting.动名词做主语 To be a doctor is my dream.不定式短语做主语 2、谓语 表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态. 英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词 句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。 谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。分析句子的主语和谓语 Mr. Li teaches English. He can play the piano. My parents and I are having dinner. 3、表语 用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。 表语的位置 用在动词be和系动词的后面。 名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。 Y our pen is on the desk. He got very angry. My dream is to have a robot. 常见的系动词
句子的成分 1 名词 Nouns (n.) 表示人或事物的名称 box,pen,tree,apple 2 代词 Pronouns (pron.)代替名词、数词、形容词We,this,them,myself 3形容词Adjectives(adj.) 用来修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征good,sad,high,short 4 数词 Numerals(num.)表示数目或顺序 one,two,first 5 动词 Verb (v.) 表示动作或状态 Jump,sing,visit vt.是及物动词 vt后必须跟宾语：sing a song vi.是不及物动词 vi后不直接带宾语或不带宾语:jump high 6 副词Adverbs（adv.) 修饰动、形、副等词,表示动作特征there,widely,suddenly 7 冠词 Articles (art.) 用在名词前,帮助说明名词所指的范围 a,an,the 8 介词 Prepositions (prep.) 用在名词或代词前,说明它与别的词的关系in,on,down,up 9 连词 Conjunctions (conj.) 表示人或事物的名称if,because,but 10 感叹词Interjections (int.) 代替名词、数词、形容词等oh,hello,hi,yeah 句子是由词按一定语法结构组成的，能表达一个完整的概念的语言单位。句子的开头第一个字母必须要大写，结尾要有句号“.”，问号“？”或感叹号“！”。 句子的成分 组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。英语的基本成分有七种：主语 （S ubject）、谓语（P redicate）、表语（P redicative）、宾语（Object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。主语和谓语是句子主体部分（在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语）。表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。下面我们分别讲述一下句子的各个成分： 1 主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。
句子的基本句型 由主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等句子成分，按不同方式可组合成五种基本句型。 句子成分的表示方法： S: Subject主语； V: Verb动词； O: Object宾语； P: Predicative表语； IO: Indirect Object间接宾语； DO：Direct Object 直接宾语
OC: Object Complement宾语补足语； ◇第一种句型：主语+不及物动词(S+V) 该句型所用动词都是不及物动词，其后当然不能接宾语，但是可以用状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子。 He runs fast in the street. 他在街上跑得飞快。 The meeting begins at nine. 会议九点开始。 ◇第二种句型：主语+及物动词+宾语(S+V+DO) 该句型所用动词都是及物动词，可作宾语的有名词、代词、不定式、动名词或短语及从句。 We attended the meeting. 我们出席了那次会议。(名词作宾语) She stopped him. 她叫住了他。(代词作宾语) She wants to ask a question. 她要问一个问题。(不定式作宾语) They enjoy listening to the classic music. 他们喜欢听古典音乐。(动名词作宾语) 注意：一些不及物动词之后加上介词就可以具有及物动词的功能，其后就可以接宾语了。 这一类词组有：listen to 听；look at 看；look after 照看；look for 寻找；arrive at/in 到达等。 May I turn on the light? 我可以开灯吗? What are you looking for? 你在找什么? ◇第三种句型：主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P) 连系动词的后面必须接表语，说明主语的情况和状态。通常可作表语的是名词或形容词。 She became a lawyer last year. 去年，她成为了一名律师。 He is honest. 他是诚实的。 It is getting colder and colder. 天气渐渐冷了。 It tastes delicious. 这好吃极了。 下列动词也作连系动词使用：look 看起来；smell 闻起来；sound 听起来；taste 尝起来；feel 感觉；keep 保持；grow/go/get/turn变得。 ◇第四种句型：主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO) (1)宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，但某些动词，除直接宾语外，还要求一个间接宾语，以表示该动词所表示的动作所及的人或物，通常由名词或代词的宾格担任。 She gave me a ticket for that film. 她给了我一张那部电影的票。
句子成分 不同词类的单词，按照一定的语法规则组合在一起，能够表达一个完整意思的语言单位叫句子，一个句子由各种功能不同的部分组成，这些部分叫做句子成分。英语的句子成分有7种，主语，谓语，表语，宾语，定语，状语，补语。它的构成方法与中文很象，中文分：主，谓，宾，定，状，补，六类，再加上表语就形成了英文的形式。 下面主要是从词类的角度来分析句子成分： 一．主语 句子所要说明的人或者事物，是句子的主体，通常放与句首，一般不省略，可以担当主语的有名词，代词，数词，动词不定式，动名词和主语从句。下面依次举例： Walls have ears. He will take you to the hospital. Three plus four equals seven. To see is to believe. Smoking is not allowed in public places. Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 二．谓语动词 说明主语动作或者状态的句子成分，一般又实义动词或者系动词担任，助动词和情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也可以构成谓语动词 Actions speak louder than words The chance may never come again. Tom was very sick at heart. Mary has been working at the dress store since 1994. 注意：英语中最基本的原则就是：一句话，只能有一个谓语动词 三．表语（现代某些语法书直接把表语归类到了补语当中） 是用来说明主语的身份，特征和状态，它的位置在系动词之后。可作表语的有名词，代词，形容词与分词，数词，动词不定式与动名词，介词短语，副词以及表语从句。下面依次举例：My father is a professor. Who’ that? It’s me. Everything here is dear to her. The match became very exciting. The story of my life may be of help to others. Three times five is fifteen. His plan is to seek work in the city. My first idea was that you should hid your feelings. 四．宾语 宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在及物动词之后。英语介词后也会跟宾
英语句子基本结构 英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下： S十V主谓结构 S十V十F主系表结构 S十V十O主谓宾结构 S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 说明：S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C ＝宾语补足语五个基本句式详细解释如下： 1．S十V句式 在此句式中，V是不及物动词，又叫自动词(vi．)。例如： He runs quickly．他跑得快。They listened carefully．他们听得很仔细。 He suffered from cold and hunger．他挨冻受饿。 China belongs to the third world country．中国属于第三世界国 家。 The gas has given out．煤气用完了。 My ink has run out．我的钢笔水用完了。
2．S十V十P句式 在此句式中，V是系动词(link v．)，常见的系动词有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn等。例如： He is older than he looks．他比看上去要老。 He seen interested in the book．他似乎对这本书感兴 趣。 The story sounds interesting．这个故事听起来有趣。 The desk feels hard．书 桌摸起来很硬。 The cake tastes nice．饼尝起来很香。 The flowers smell sweet and nicc．花闻起来香甜。 You have grown taller than before．你长得比以前高 了。 He has suddenly fallen ill．他突然病倒了。 He stood quite still．他静静地站 看。 He becomes a teacher when he grew up．他长大后当了教师。 He could never turn traitor to his country．他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 注意：有些动词同时也是及物动词，可构成SVO句式，例 如： He looked me up and down．他上下打量我。 He reached his hand to feel the elephant．他伸出手来摸 象。 They are tasting the fish．他们在品尝鱼。
英语句子结构分析及 练习题
句子结构分析 句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。 主要成分：主语和谓语 1、主语 一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。主语的位置： 一般位于句首，由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。 The school is far from here. 名词做主语 She goes to school by bike. 代词做主语 Eight is a lucky number. 数词做主语 The blind need more help. 名词化的形容词做主语 There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语 Predicting the future is interesting. 动名词做主语 To be a doctor is my dream. 不定式短语做主语 若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。 It takes me an hour to get there. 2、谓语 表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态. 英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词 句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。 谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。 分析下列句子的主语和谓语 Mr. Li teaches English. He can play the piano. My parents and I are having dinner. He studies very hard. She likes speaking. I can swim in the river. We don’t like math.
一、主谓结构 The red sun rises in the east. This kind of paper tears easily. A tiger had got out. 该句式中的谓语动词为不及物动词（vi.=intransitive verb）,所以不能接宾语或补语，也没有被动语态，但可以接修饰成分，修饰主语的的---定语，修饰谓语的---状语。主谓结构常用来表示主语的动作或状态。 练习一画出下列句子的成分。 1. In the last ten years great changes have taken place in my hometown. 2. The girls came, dancing and laughing. 3. At the meeting lots of problems concerning fund came up. 4. In front of the house grows a tall tress with thick leaves and branches. 5. It never occurred to me that he would come to help me. 练习二翻译句子。 1. 我的英语水平提高了很多。 2. 昨晚，那座桥上发生了一起交通事故。 3. 一些孩子正在操场上高兴的玩耍。 4. 会议将在什么时候举行？ 5. 有多少国家要参加奥运会？ 二、主谓宾结构 They laughed at the blind man. = The blind man was laughed at by them. They carried out the plan successfully. = The plan was carried out successfully by them. The nurse will take good care of your father. = Your father will be taken good care of by the nurse. 练习一画出下列句子的成分。 1. She lost the chance to make her appearance on the stage. 2. I wondered whether to accept or refuse the offer. 3. I suggest that you listen to English programs as often as possible. 4. I appreciate your coming to our party. 5. Now the government pays more attention to the problem of education. 练习二翻译句子。 1. 我喜欢做网页。 2. 他们还未被告知什么时候出发。 3. 我盼望收到你的来信。 4. 我疑惑他为什么要放弃那样的一个好机会。 5. 我没有看到他的工作情况,无法评论他的能力。 三、主谓宾宾结构 They offer us free textbooks. We were offered free textbooks. Free textbooks were offered to us. 练习一分析句子的成分，并用to/for 进行句型转换。 1. I passed him the salt. 2. She cooked us a delicious meal. 3. The new machine will save a lot of labour.