简单句的五个基本句型
主语＋不及物动词She came． .
主语＋及物动词＋宾语She likes English.
主语＋系动词＋主语补语
She is happy ．
主语＋动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
She gave John a book ．
She bought a book for me.
主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补语
She makes her mother angry ．
The teacher asked me to read the passage.
主谓宾
名／代－－动词－－名／代
we-- saw --you.
we-- did --the work.
主系表
名／代－系动词－形容次／名词／代词
you are beautiful
you seems worried.
you are a stufent.
相同点都三部分，主语也一样．不同动词和系动词，时态一样，否定式不同．动词加助动词，系动词不用．表语可以是形容词，宾语不行．只有宾语有补足语
2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：
主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物 , 回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。
如：I'm Miss Green. （我是格林小姐）
2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态 ,回答“做（什么）”。主要由动词担任。
如：Jack cleans the room every day. （杰克每天打扫房间）
3、表语在系动词之后 ,说明主语的身份或特征 , 回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代
词或形容词担任。
如：My name is Ping ping . （我的名字叫萍萍）
4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果 , 回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He
can spell the word. （他能拼这个词）
有些及物动词带有两个宾语 ,一个指物 ,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语 , 指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。
如：He wrote me a letter . （他给我写了一封信）
有时可把介词 to 或for 加在间接宾语前构成短语 , 放在直接宾语后面 , 来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . （他给我写了一封信）
5、定语修饰名词或代词 , 通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如：
Shanghai is a big city . （上海是个大城市）
6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词 , 通常由副词担任。
He works hard . （他工作努力）
7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么, 通常由形容词或动词充当。
They usually keep their classroom clean. （他们通常让教室保持清洁）/
He often helps me do my lessons. （他常常帮我做功课）/
The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself .（老师要我自学法语）
8、同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面 , 进一步说明它的情况。
如：Where is your classmate Tom ? （你的同学汤姆在哪里？）
主语（ subject ）：句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east （名词）
He likes dancing. （代词）
Twenty years is a short time in history. （数词）
Seeing is believing. （动名词）
To see is to believe. （不定式）
What he needs is a book. （主语从句）
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
（It 形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
（一）指出下列句中主语的中心词
①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
②There is an old man coming here.
③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very diffic ult.
谓语（ predicate ）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。
We study English. He is asleep.
（二）. 选出句中谓语的中心词
① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall
② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. summer
③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus
④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon 3. 表语（ predicative ）：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. You don' t look it. Five and five is ten. He is asleep. His father is in.
The picture is on the wall. My watch is gone / missing / lost.
The question is whether they will come. 常见
连系动词
1.
3. 2. “持续”类 :
表示某种情况或状态的持续。这类连系动词强调“持续”。常见的
有 :remain （ 依然 ）,keep （ 保持 ）,stay （ 保持 ）,continue （ 继续、仍旧 ）,stand （ 处于某状况或情 形） 等。
例如 : Why don't you put the meat in the fridge?
It will stay fresh for several days. It's already ten in the morning. The store remains closed. What's the matter?
3. “变化”类 : 表示由一种情况或状态变化成另一种情况或状态。这类连系动词强 调“变化”后的情况或状态 . 常见的有 :become （ 变成 ）, turn （ 变成 ）, grow （ 变得 ）, get （ 变得 ）等。 例如 : Put the fish in the fridge, or it will go bad in hot weather.
（ 三 ） 挑出下列句中的表语 ① The old man was feeling very tired. ② Why is he worried about Jim? ③ The leaves have turned yellow.
④ Soon They all became interested in the subject. ⑤ She was the first to learn about it.
① tired ② worried ③ yellow ④ interested ⑤ first
4. 宾语： 1）动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。 如：
longer C. days D.
（名词） （代词） （数词） （形容
词）
（副词） （ 介词短语 ） （形容词化的分词） （表语从
句） “存在”类 : 表示存在或具有某种特征或状态 . 这类连系动词强调“存在”。常见的 有 :be （ 是 ）,look （ 看 起 来 ）,feel （ 摸 上 去 ）,seem （ 似 乎 是 ）,appear （ 似 乎 、 显 得 ）,prove （ 证明是 ）,smell （ 闻起来 ）,taste （ 尝起来 ）,sound （ 听起来 ） 等。
例如 : The story sounds true. Those oranges taste good star.
2.
I like China. （名词）
He hates you. （代词）
How many do you need? We need two. （数词）
I enjoy working with you. （动名词）
I hope to see you again. （不定式）
Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）
2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词介宾
Are you afraid of the snake?
Under the snow, there are many rocks.
3 ）双宾语 ---- 间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）
He gave me a book yesterday.
Give the poor man some money
（四）挑出下列句中的宾语
①My brother hasn't done his homework.
②People all over the world speak English.
③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
④How many new words did you learn last class?
⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming.
his homework ② English ③ your pro nunciation ④ new words ⑤ to go swimming
5.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
We elected him monitor. （名词）
We all think it a pity that she didn 't come here. （名词）
We will make them happy. （形容词）
We found nobody in. （副词）
Please make yourself at home. （介词短语） Do n't let him do that. （省
to 不定式）
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带 to 不定式）
Don't keep the lights burning. （现在分词）
I'll have my bike repaired. （过去分词）
扩展：主补：对主语的补充。
He was elected monitor.
She was found singing in the next room.
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.
（五）挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
①She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading -room.
②He asked her to take the boy out of school.
③She found it difficult to do the work.
④They call me Lily sometim es.
⑤I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.
⑥Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?
①to read newspapers and books in the reading -room ② to take the boy
out of school
③ Lily ④ get on the bus ⑤ playing football on the playground 划出句中的直接宾语
和间接宾语
①Please tell us a story.
②My father bought a new bike for me last week.
③Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.
④Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.
⑤Did he leave any message for me?
6.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。 Yanling is a chemistry teacher. （名词）
He is our friend. （代词）
We belong to the third world. （数词）
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （形容词）
The man over there is my old friend.（副词）
The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. （介词）
The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词）
The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词）
I have an idea to do it well. （不定式）
You should do everything that I do. （定语从句）
（六）挑出下列句中的定语
① They use Mr., Mrs. with the family name.
②What is your given name?
③On the third lap are Cla ss 1 and Class 3.
④I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
⑤The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
① family ② given ③ third ④ some ⑤ downstairs
7.状语：用来修饰 v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结
果、程度、条件、方式和让步。（以下例句按上述顺序排列）
I will go there tomorrow.
The meeting will be held in the meeting room.
The meat went bad because of the hot weather.
He studies hard to learn English well.
He didn 't study hard so that he failed in the exam.
I like some of you very much.
If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
He goes to school by bike.
Though he is young, he can do it well.
（七）挑出下列句中的状语
① There was a big smile on her face.
②Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
③He began to learn English when he was eleven.
④ The man on th e motorbike was travelling too fast.
⑤With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.
① on the face ② Every night ③ when he was eleven ④ fast ⑤ With
the medicine box under her arm
八、同位语当一个概念词在前，后面的词、词组或者句子是在解释前者时，而且两者的语法功
能相同，后者就是前者的同位语。
Mr. Black, our English teacher, is a good tennis player. 我们的英语老师——布莱克先生是个优秀的网球手。 Football, the only interest in life, has brought him many friends. 足球他唯一的爱好，让他结交了许多朋友。
Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother's.
昨天我遇到了我弟弟的朋友汤姆。
That ' s her habit, r eading in bed.
躺在床上看书是她的习惯 .
Your suggestion, to strike while the iron is hot, seemed a good idea. 你建议趁热打铁，这个建议很好。
He gave orders that the work should be started immediately. 他发出指示要立即开始工作。
You still haven ' t answered my question why you didn ' t come to school
yesterday.
你还没有回答我昨天为什么没有上学。同位语从句常跟在某些名词后，对其作进一步的解释。
这些名词包括： fact, doubt, idea, news, hope, indication, decision, possibility, assumption,
suggestion, question. 这类从句常常有 that 引导，有时也可以用 what, why, whether, when 等引导。
（九）插入语插入语是说话者对所表达的意思的补充、强调、解释或者说话的态度，其位置灵活常常用逗号或者破折号分开，并且在语法上不影响其他成份。
1. 插入语常以副词（副词短语）、形容词（形容词短语）、介词短语、非谓语动词短语等形
式出现。
（ 1 ）常见的副词及短语： indeed ， surely ， however ， obviously ， frankly ，naturally ， luckily / happily for sb. certainly 等。