专题讲解：定语从句一. 知识疏理：
1. 定语从句
2. 先行词
3. 关系词的用法：包括关系代词与关系副词
二. 专题讲解：
一. 什么是定语从句？
定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语等来充当，也可以由一个句子来充当。定语从句用来修饰名词、代词或整个主句。充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。
e.g: Tom is a hardworking student who always gets first in his class.
汤姆是一个用功的学生，他在班里总是第一名。（修饰名词student。）
e.g: Football is played over 80 countries, which makes it popular.
80多个国家都在踢足球，因此足球很流行。
（修饰整个主句Football is played over 80 countries。）
二. 先行词与关系词
1. 什么是先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。
e.g: Don't forget the book that I told you to bring.
别忘了我让你带的书。（the book为先行词。）
2. 什么是关系词：引导定语从句的关联词为关系词，分为关系代词与关系副词。关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等，关系副词在定语从句中作状语。
关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose……
关系副词有：where, when, why, ……
e.g: I will never forget the days when I stayed in New York.
注意：
①关系词一般紧跟在先行词之后引导定语从句。定语从句总在被修饰的先行词后面。．
②在定语从句中，关系代词起着代词和连词的作用，关系副词起着副词和连词的作用。
③在定语从句中，关系词代替先行词，因此在定语从句中不能再重复作用相当于先行词的词。
下面的句子是错误的：
This is the right book that you are looking for the book.（应去掉the book。）
This is the right book that you are looking for it.（应去掉it。）
①常见的关系代词
指代对象代指人代指物既可指人也可指物
who, that 主格that which, that, whom, that 宾格whose
whose
and class make who/that a teacher Our e.g: chemistry is man can his lovely interesting.
我们的化学老师可以使他的课堂生动有趣。）。在定语从句中作主语，代指人who/ that（a mane.g: The books that/ which they bought were written by me.
他们买的那些书是我写的。）the books 在定语从句中作宾语，代指物
（that/which 。e.g: Make marks in places where you have questions.
.（在你有问题的地方做出标记在定语从句中作地点状语。为关系副词，where）e.g: I still remember the time when we first met scores of years ago.
我依然记得几十年前我们第一次见面的情景。
（when为关系副词，在定语从句中作时间状语。）
重点：关系代词选择三步骤：
步骤一：首先找出先行词。
e.g: The book that/which you just laid on the top shelf is mine.
你刚才放在高层书架上的书是我的。（the book是先行词，指物。）
步骤二：确定先行词在从句中所作的成分。
先行词the book在后面的定语从句中作laid的宾语，因此选择指物的关系代词which/that作宾语。
步骤三：确定关系代词的人称和数。
在此处由先行词the book可知是第三人称单数，如果关系代词作主语，则从句的谓语动词相应用单数。
三。关系代词的用法：
常用关系代词有who, whom, whose, that, which, 等。这些关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。关系代词主要起三种作用：代替先行词、在定语从句中作成分、连接先行词与定语从句。
e.g: This is an old computer. It works much slower.
这是一台旧电脑。它工作起来速度较慢。
（普通代词it代替an old computer。）
This is an old computer which/that works much slower.
这是一台工作起来速度较慢的旧电脑。
（关系代词which/ that代替an old computer。）
（1）who/whom的用法
二者都用于指人。who在定语从句中作主语、宾语，whom在定语从句只作宾语。
e.g: In this earthquake, the number of people who lost homes reached as many as 250 000.
在这次地震中死亡的人数多达250 000。（who在定语从句中作主语。）
e.g: The man whom you met just now is my friend.
你刚才见到的那个人是我的朋友。（whom在定语从句作宾语。）
（2）whose的用法：whose一般指人，但有时也指物。在定语从句中作定语。
e.g: You're the only one whose advice he might listen to.
只有你的建议他可能会听。（whose在定语从句中作advice的定语。）
I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea.
我想要一个通过窗户可以俯看大海的房间。
（whose在从句中作window的定语。）
（3）which的用法：which一般指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语。
e. g: Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
足球是大多数男孩子喜欢的一项运动。（which在定语从句中作主语）
e. g: This is the pen which he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的那支钢笔。（which在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略）
（4）that的用法: that指人或物，在从句中可作主语或宾语，还可作表语。作宾语或表语时可省略。指人时相当于who或whom,指物时相当于which.
e. g: The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year is rising.
每年来参观这个城市的人的数量在增多。（that在定语从句中当主语）
e. g: Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?
我今天上午见到的那个人在哪儿？（that在定语从句作宾语）
四．关系副词的用法:
常用的关系副词有where, when, why, that等。这些关系副词在定语从句中作状语。
（1）where的用法：在定语从句中作地点状语，指代地点。此时常可用in which, on which, at which, to which等结构代替。
e.g: Potato can be grown in places where it is too cold to grow rice.
（＝Potato can be grown in places in which it is too cold to grow rice.）有些太冷不
能种稻米的地方，可以种马铃薯。
（2）when的用法：在定语从句中作时间状语，往往代指时间。此时常可用on which, in which, at which, during which等代替。
e.g: I shall never forget the days when we worked on the farm.
（＝I shall never forget the days on which we worked on the farm.）
我永远也不会忘记我们在农场劳动的那些日子。
（3）why的用法：why在定语从句中作原因状语。可以用for which代替。why 不可引导非限制性定语从句，此时可用for which代替。
e.g: I have come around to explain the reason why I was absent from the meeting.
我来是为了向你解释我当时没到会的原因。（why在从句作原因状语。）
（4）that的用法
在表明方式、时间或地点的先行词后面，常用that来代替in which，when或where，that也可省去。that在句中不作任何成分，只起到引导定语从句的作用，修饰的先行词常为the way, the time, the day, the place等，此时也可换为其他相应的关系副词。
①表示方式时。that（=in which）常省略。此时不能用how引导定语从句，但把the way去掉之后。可直接用how引导方式状语。
e.g: Can you work out a way （that/ in which）we can solve this problem？
你能找出一种我们可以解决这个问题的方法吗？（that在定语从句中不作成分。）
②表示地点时，that（＝where＝介词＋which）也可省略。
e.g: I have never been to the places（that/ where/ in which）the Indians live.
我从未到过那些印第安人居住的地方。（that在定语从句中不作成分。）
③表示时间时，that（=when=介词＋which）也可省略。
e.g: I still remember the days （that/ when/on which）I helped my father on the farm. 我仍然记得在农场上给我爸爸帮忙的日子。（that在定语从句不作成分。）
④另外，关系副词that有时还可用来代替关系副词why，表示原因。
e.g:The reason that（=why）he lost his life was lack of medical care.
他的死是由于缺乏医疗护理。
注意：在下面这个句子中，不能用why，只能用which或that。
I don't want to hear any reason （that/ which）you might give.
我不想听你给出的任何理由。
（在这个定语从句中，that/ which作定语从句中谓语动词give的宾语。）
五。定语从句中需要注意的问题
1. what，how不可引导定语从句
①what本身是复合关系代词，等同于“先行词＋关系代词（which/that）”。因此不能用what引导定语从句。
e.g: Time is what we demand most.
（=Time is all (that) we demand most.）我们所需要的就是时间。
Tell me what is happening.
（=Tell me something that is happening.）告诉我正在发生什么事。
She isn't what she used to be.
（=She isn't the one (that) she used to be.）她不是过去的她了。
②how为复合关系副词。本身等同于the way in which，因此，不能用how引导定语从句。
e.g:I don't like how you behave.
（=I don't like the way (that/ in which) you behave.）
我不喜欢你行事的方法。
This is how I worked out this problem.
（=This is the way (that/ in which) I worked out this problem.）
这就是我解出这道题的方法。
2．关系代词that和which的用法辨析
that和which在定语从句中都可作主语或宾语，指物。作宾语时，均可省略。通常情况下，二者可互换使用。但有时却不宜随便互换。
①宜用that的情况
1）当先行词是all, much, little, few, something, anything, everything. none, nothing, some等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时。
e.g: Have you taken down everything that Mr Li has said ?（李老师所说的话你都记下来了吗？）
e.g: There is little that I can do for you. （我几乎不能为你做任何事。）
2）先行词被序数词修饰时，只能用that
他们在伦敦参观的（e.g: The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 第一站就是大笨钟。）
3）先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，只能用that
e.g: This is the best film that I have seen. （这是我看过的最好的电影。）
4）当先行词有the only, the same, the very, 等词修饰时。
e.g: These articles are the very ones that should be read.(这些文章才是应该读的。) Chatting was the only thing that interested her most. (聊天是她唯一感兴趣的事。)
5) 当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。
e.g: Who is the person that is standing at the gate？(站在门口的那个人是谁？)
6）当先行词有两个或两个以上，并且分别表示人和物时。
e.g: She took photographs of the things and people that she was interested in.(她把她所感兴趣的人和物全拍摄了下来。)
7) 当主句以here, there开头时。
e.g: Here is a hotel that you've been looking for.(这就是你一直在找的旅馆。) There is a seat in the corner that is still not taken.(在角上还有一个空位。)
六。典型例题分析：
例题1．Mr. Smith ________ is smoking is looking for ________ he lost yesterday. A．whom；which B．who；what
C．that；who D．which；where
例题2．One of the most delicious drinks ________ I like is orange juice. A．which B．that C．whose D．whom
例题3．We all like the story about the teacher ________ happened in our school last week.
A. which B．who C．whom D．what
例题4. I know a place we can have a big meal.
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. what
例题5. The designers helped us build the library are from the UK.
A.which
B. whom
C. who
D. whose
例题6. There are lots of things I need to prepare before the trip.
D. whose
C. whom B. that who A.
例题7. People often like clothes can make then look young.
A.what
B. that
C. who
D. in which
例题8. The little boy was wrapping the present would be sent to his teacher.
A.who
B. that
C. what
D. /
例题9. ---There are so many girls over there. Which one is your sister?
----The one hat is yellow.
A.who
B. whose
C. that
D. which
例题10. I shall never forget the day I spent with you.
A.when
B. that
C. in which
D. where
七，专题练习：
1. Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, ________ from east to west. Those
________ run from north to south are called avenues.
A. running; that
B. run; who
C. running; who
D. run; that
2. This is the case ________ he's had all his money stolen.
A. when
B. where
C. that
D. on which
3. Mr. Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn, ________ we will enjoy the Olympic Games in 2008.
A. where
B. when
C. which
D. how
4. The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything ________ .
A. that the little girl asks him
B. the little girl asks him to
C. for the little girl to ask him
D. what the little girl asks him
5. —How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin?
—Oh, that's easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one ________ the telephone number is provided.
A. which
B. in which
C. of which
D. whose
6. October 15 th is my birthday, ________ I will never forget.
A. when
B. that
C. what
D. which
7. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ________ he can walk correctly and safely.
A. when
B. where
C. which
D. whose
8. There are several research centers in China ________ a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied.
A. which
B. where
C. when
D. what
9. I hope that the little ________ I have been able to do does good to them all.
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. when
10. The time is not far away ________ modern communications will become
widespread in China's vast countryside.
A. as
B. when
C. until
D. before
11. ________ is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China. We must unify it.
A. It
B. As
C. Which
D. What
12. I shall never forget the day ________ Shen Zhou V was launched, ________ has
a great effect on my life.
A. when, which
B. that, which
C. which, that
D. when, that
13. The bread my wife makes is much better than ________ you can buy at a store.
A. that which
B. one that
C. that of which
D. this of which
14. There is no such place ________ you dream of in all this world.
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. as
15. The people, ________ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the Red Cross.
A. all whose homes
B. all of whose homes
C. all their homes
D. all of their homes
16. The humans are destroying nature day by day, ________ of course, will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later.
A. who
B. when
C. on which
D. which
17. Is this research center ________ you visited the modern equipment last year?
A. where
B. that
C. the one that
D. the one where
18. Some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old ________ they swam in it.
D. where
C. who B. that A. when
19. The man showed us so heavy a stone ________ no man can lift.
A. that
B. as
C. which
D. and
20. He stayed there for quite a long time, during ________ time he learned much spoken English.
D. same
C. which B. this A. that
初中英语定语从句讲解及练习(教师版) 一.定语从句及相关术语 1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等； 关系副词有where, when, why等。 关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。 二.关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who指人，在从句中做主语 (1) the boys who are playing football are from class one. (2) yesterday i helped an old man who lost his way. 2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1) mr. liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. (2) mr. ling is just the boy whom i want to see. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 (3) the man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1) football is a game which is liked by most boys. (2) this is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 4. that指人时，相当于who 或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 (5) the number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million. (6) where is the man that/whom i saw this morning? 5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 (1) he has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) i once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替 (3) the classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. (4) the classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. (5) do you like the book whose cover is yellow? (6) do you like the book the color of which is yellow? 三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导 (1) the school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. (2) the school in which he once studied is very famous. (3) tomorrow i will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for. (4) tomorrow i will bring here a magazine for which you asked. (5) we'll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about. (6) we'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care
初中英语定语从句的用法解析 【摘要】定语从句是一种形容词的关系从句。它由关系代词或关系副词引导（1）。初中英语中的定语从句仅限于限制性定于从句，但对初中生来说，定语从句既是一个重点，也是一个难点。 【关键词】定语从句先行词关系代词关系副词 一、英语中的定语从句与汉语中的定语位置不同。 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。英语中的定语从句始终要放在被修饰的词之后，而汉语中的定语则放在被修饰词之前。如： The man who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday is my English teacher. 先行词定语从句 昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。 二、英语从句中的句型结构比较复杂，有先行词、关系代词或关系副词。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词或关系副词。限制性关系分句和它的先行项的所指意义有着不可分割的联系（2）。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中要充当一个成分。关系代词在句中可作主语、宾语或定语，关系副词在句中作状语。如： I am waiting for the boy who /that is wearing a red coat. （主语） 先行词关系代词 我正在等穿着红色外套的那个男孩。 The dictionary that / which my sister gave me last Sunday is very expensive.(宾语) 先行词关系代词 我姐姐上周星期天给我的那本字典很贵。 The woman is his mother whose name is Linda Brown. (定语) 先行词关系代词 那个是他的母亲，名叫琳达·布朗。 That is the house where my father used to live.(状语) 先行词关系副词 那是我父亲曾经居住过的房子。 三、初中英语中的定语从句关系代词或关系副词的具体用法。 1. who指人（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。如： Yesterday I helped an old man who / that lost his way. （主语） 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 Mr Wang is the man (who / that / whom )you met in the zoo this morning.(宾语) 王先生就是今天早上你在动物里遇到的那个人。 注意：关系代词who指人,作宾语时，可用whom代替；作宾语时，关系代词可省略。作其它成分，关系代词则不能省略。 2. whose指人，也可指物。在定语从句中作定语。 The boy whose mother is ill is staying at home to look after her today. 其母亲生病的那个男孩今天呆在家里照顾她。 I have a story book whose cover is red. 我有一本封面是红色的故事书。 3. which指物（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。如： Football is a game which / that is liked by most boys. （主语） 足球是被大多数男孩喜欢的运动。 I don’t believe the news which / that Tom won the game. (宾语)
定语从句 一、定语从句 定语从句在复合句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词、词组或代词叫做先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词和关系副词）引出。 关系代词：who、whom、which、that、whose 关系副词：when、where、why 关系词常有三个作用：1、引导定语从句 2、代替先行词 3、在定语从句中担当一个成分 二、定语从句的引导词 先行词成分 关系代词 who whom which that whose 人 人 物 人/物 人/物 主语、宾语 宾语 主语、宾语 主语、宾语、表语 定语 关系副词when where why 时间 地点 原因 时间状语、表语 地点状语、表语 原因状语、表语 三、用法 1、关系代词引导的定语从句 （1）who, whom, that 代替的先行词是指人的名词或代词 Is he the man who / that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗？ 注：当引导词在从句中作主语时，谓语动词的人称和数的变化取决于先行词。 Is he the man who / that wants to see you? He is the man whom / that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。
（2）which, that 代替的先行词是指事物的名词或代词 This is the family which / that is planning to move to the city. 这是正计划要搬进城里的一家。 The book which / that I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy. 我正读的这本书是由托马斯·哈迪写的。 （3）whose用来指人或物（在从句中只能作定语，若指物，可以和of which互换） They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人的车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose（of which）cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 2、关系代词的特殊用法 （1）关系代词指物时, 用that而不用which的情况: 1）先行词为something, anything, nothing, everything以及all, much, little, a lot, none, few 等不定代词时。 e. g. My mother was so proud of all that I did. 辨析：My mother was so proud of what I did. （all that = what） 2）先行词有the last, the very, the only等修饰时。 e. g. This is the very book that I’m looking for. 3）先行词为序数词、形容词最高级(或所修饰)时。 e. g. This is the most exciting film that I’ve ever seen. When people talk about Hangzhou, the first that comes to their mind is the West Lake. 4）先行词既有人又有物时, 只能用that。 e. g. Do you remember the book and its author that appeared on TV last Sunday. 5）There be 后面的定语从句多用that引导, 不用which。 e. g. There’s a seat in the corner that is still free. 6）句子前面出现了who, which 时, 后面的定语从句用that引导。 e. g. They built a factory which made some new products that had never been seen before. 7）关系代词在定语从句作表语时, 常用that, 而不用which、who。 e. g. My home town is not the small village that it was 10 years ago. Tom isn’t the man that he used to be.
定语从句 一学习目标 1.熟练掌握定语从句 二考点解析 ⊙定从的功能—解释说明 This is the factory that/which can produce such machines 这就是能制造这种机器的工厂This is the factory that/which we visited last week 这就是我们上周参观的工厂 ⊙定语从句 定义：一个简单句跟在名词或代词后（先行词）进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。这个简单句在主句中充当定语成分。 I bought a cow that looked like a horse. ⊙定语从句怎么考？ 语法 22.I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.（2016高考北京卷） A.whose B.why C.where D.which 完形 Balto put his nose to the ground, 52 to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail. （2016高考北京卷） 阅读&写作 A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.（2016高考全国卷D篇） Last year, I spent all my time looking for a job where, without dealing with the public , I could work alone, but still have a team to talk to. （2016高考北京卷阅读A篇） ⊙定从原理：把两个句子合为一个，两个句子有相同的部分，此时可以把其中一个句子作为另一个句子的修饰限定部分。
从句 从句按其在主句中的句法功能可分为三类: 即名词性从句、形容词性从句(即定语从句)和副词性从句(即状语从句)。 引导从句的词称作关联句. 一、名词性从句 引导这些名词性从句的关联词包括: 从属连词that, if, whether; 连接代词 who,whoever,whom,whomever,which,whichever,what,whatever,wh ose; 连接副词where, when, why, how。 其中, 从属连词只起连接作用, 在从句中不充当任何句法成分, 而连接代词和连接副词既起连接作用, 在从句中又充当一定的成分. That Owen should have married his cousin is not at all surprising. The fact is that he didn't go to the dinner party. I don't know if he will attend the meeting. Have you heard the news that Mary is going to marry Tom? 你听说玛丽要和汤姆结婚的消息了吗?(that引导同位语从句) [提示]
1. 在含有主语从句的复合句中, 为保持句子平衡, 常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语从句置于句末. It's well-known that water is indispensable to life.(形式主语) 2. 为保持句子平衡, that引导的宾语从句也常用it代替, 而将真正的宾语从句置于主句句末。这常常出现在主句有形容词或分词作宾语补足语的情况下。 He made it quite clear that he preferred to live here. 3. 从属连词whether和if都作“是否…”解, 但if不可引导主语从句和表语 从句。whether可与or(not)连用, 而if不可以。 I don't know whether (if) she is at home. Whether she comes or not makes no difference. 4. that和what引导名词性从句的区别: that在从句中不充当成分,而what在从句中充当一定的成分, 如主语、表语、宾语等。that可省略, what则不可省。 He always means what he says. She suggested (that) he do it at once. 5. 同位语从句大多由从属连词that引导, 常跟在下列名词后面, 如fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等, that不可省。同位语从句一般用来解释说明这些名词的具体含义和内容。 We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms. The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.
定语从句讲解 1.注意英汉差异：汉语的定语无论多长都放在被修饰词的前面，而英语中的定语则不然，是一个词时，放在被修饰词的前面，如： ①.a beautiful girl ②.a lovely boy 是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后面，如： ③.She is the girl in red. 她就是穿红衣的女孩。 ④.The lady carried a bag full of money. 那位女士背了个装满钱的包。 ⑤.He is the man who you are looking for. 她就是你在找的人。 2.分清主句与从句，看究竟哪个句子缺少成分。 如上面第5： 主句：He is the man 从句：who you are looking for 在从句中，looking for 的宾语是the man.因此选用关系代词who(whom)放置于句首，便是定语从句。3.从句中做宾语的关系代词可以省略， 故第5题可以写成： He is the man you are looking for. 1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语 2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后 Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please. 3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词 （1）先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。 （2）先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点： ①先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。 This is the place which is worth visiting. ②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。 There are many places we can visit（them）in China. 4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词 关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose, as. 关系副词：when, where, why. (that偶尔也作关系副词。) 5、确定关系词的步骤 （1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。 （2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。 6、在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which （1）先行词被①形容词最高级②序数词③数词几种词修饰或被④only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修饰时。 （2）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。 （3）先行词中既有人又有物时。 He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus. （4）先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。 The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago. （5）当主句中含有疑问词which时。 Which are the books that you bought for me ?
定语从句专项讲解与练习 定语从句的定义：从句作定语，修饰名词、代词，这样的从句叫定语从句。 定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句作定语放在先行词的前面。 如果要表达:我喜欢那个漂亮的女孩。I love the pretty girl. 如果要表达：那个喜欢我的女孩。只能借助于定语从句the girl who loves me. 其中the girl即为定语从句的先行词，而who即为定语从句的关系词。 指人：who、whom 关系代词指物：which、as （作主宾表）指人和物:that,whose 关系词表时间：when 关系副词表地点：where （作状）表原因：why 1、who 指人，who在从句中当主语。 He who has not reached the Great Wall isn’t a true man. 不到长城非好汉。 The teacher ___________spoke at the meeting just now is having a rest in his office. 中文意思：____________________________________________________________________ ?作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可省略。 2、whom 指人，是who的宾格形式，在从句中作宾语，前面没有介词时，可用who/that来代替，也可省略。The girl ___________________ I like isn’t here now. 中文意思：____________________________________________________________________ The doctor with ________________she went to the United States last month is very famous. 中文意思：____________________________________________________________________ The person ___________________ you met yesterday is our Chinese teacher. 中文意思：____________________________________________________________________ 3、whose 指“谁的”，或“某物的”，在从句中作修饰词。 whose和它所修饰的名词在定语从句中可作主语及动词或介词的宾语。 The girl ___________father is a doctor is our classmate. You’re the only one ____________ advice he might listen to. 中文意思：____________________________________________________________________ I’d like a room _______________window looks out over the sea. 中文意思：____________________________________________________________________ 4、that 在从句中作主语或宾语，既可以指人又可以指物；作宾语时可以省略。 She is the very person (that) I want to see at once. 中文意思：____________________________________________________________________ A plane is a machine_____________ can fly. 中文意思：____________________________________________________________________
定语从句的用法 【概念引入】 欣赏含有定语从句的名言： Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face. 笑是太阳，它从人们的脸上赶走冬天。 Don’t trust the first sign that you see. 不要相信你看见的第一个迹象。 All is not gold that glitters. 发光的未必都是金子。 Nothing is impossible to the man who has will. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。 God helps those who help themselves. 自助者天助。 【用法讲解】 一、定语从句的功用和结构 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词，定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。 This is the present that he gave me for my birthday. 这是他给我的生日礼物。 Do you know everybody who came to the party? 你认识来宴会的每一位吗？ This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived. 这是毛主席曾经居住的地方。 二、各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法 1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 I prefer singers who can write their own lyrics. 我更喜欢能写自己歌词的歌唱家。 These are musicians who make us happy. 这些是能让我们高兴的音乐家。 People who eat a balanced diet are healthier. 平衡饮食的人是健康的。 2. whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。 Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate？ 你认识我们在门口遇到的那个年轻人吗？ Mr. Lee (whom) you want to see has come. 你想见的李先生已经来了。 3. whose 指人，在定语从句中作定语。 The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today. 她妈妈病了的那个女孩今天呆在家。 I know the boy whose father is a professor. 我认识他的父亲是教授的那个男孩。 4. which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。 A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words. 字典是给单词释义的一本书。
高中英语定语从句讲解及练习 定语从句是高中重点知识，也是高考常考点，大家也不容易掌握，这篇文章主要教你关系代词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句判断关系代词与关系副词限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容，有例题讲解定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose （of which）cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语） 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构，因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用。例如： There are occasions when （on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why （for which）he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和\"介+which\"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如： His father died the year （that / when / in which）he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 判断改错： （错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对）This is the mountain village （which）I visited last year. （对）I'll never forget the days （which）I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关
Un itl 《 school life 》 Grammar (1) 定语从句(AttributiveClause) I根据初中所学知识，请用红笔标出下列表格中的定语 定语从句的定义及其作用： 定语从句是又称形容词性从句，在句子中起定语作用，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可修饰一个句子.受定语从句修饰的词叫先行词.定语从句的作用和作定语的形容词、介词词组、分词词组相似，有时可以相互转换，例如：金发女孩可译作abl on degirl， agirlwithbl on dehair 或agirlwhohasblo ndehair。定语从句通常由关系代词 that/which/who/whom/which/as 或关系副词when/where/why 引导，这些词既指代主句中要说明的名词或代词，又充当从句中的某个句子成分。定语从句可分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 定语从句一般都紧跟在它所修饰名词后面，所以如果在名词或代词后面出现一个从句，根据它与前面名词或代词的逻辑关系来判断是否是定语从句。 川定语从句的必备三要素 1先行词(名词或代词) | relativepr on. (assub.,obj.,pred.) 2关系词 (that 指人或物/which 指物/who(m)指人/whose) 3关系词在从 句中充当成分ativeadv. (asadverbial) (whe n/where/why) 找出下列句中的定语从句；分析定语从句三要素 1.Youaretherightmanwhomwearelookingfor. 2.I ' vespentallthemoneythatwasgivenbymyparents. 3.Iwillneverforgettheday whenljoinedtheparty.
新高一衔接班 第二课时定语从句【Atrributive Clause 】 Part one 导入 先听一首歌‘season in the sunshine, 这是为了纪念好友离世的歌曲，很温暖的曲 调 We had joy,we had fun,we had seasons in the sun,but the hills that we climbed were just seasons out of time. 我们曾一起欢乐，我们曾一起嬉戏，我们曾拥有 的阳光中的四季，但是我们一起爬过的山已随四季流去。 好，言归正传，今天我们讲定语从句，你们初中已经学习过，但是我之前讲过高中的语法会比 初中难度增加。为了配合大家的节奏，我由简单到复杂。什么是定语从句？刚那句歌词就是定 语从句。 再看：June 是老师—June 是英语老师—June 是漂亮幽默的英语老师 你们敢说不对？ 再看一句：这是一只狗---- 这是一只受伤的狗--- 这是一只左腿受伤的狗 继续继续：这房子很漂亮The house is very beautiful. Lily 买的房子很漂亮The house which bought by Lily is very beautiful. Lily 去年在米易买的房子很漂亮The house which bought by Lily last year in MY is very beautiful The boy is Luhan The boy who is dacing is Luhan 唱小芳，谁会？： 村里有个姑娘叫小芳，长得好看又善良 There is a beautiful and kind girl whose name is Xiao Fang in the village 遥远的东方有一条龙，它的名字叫中国 In the far East, thers is a dragon whose name is China. 遥远的东方有一条河，它的名字叫黄河? 所以概念出来啦 一．定语从句及相关概念 定语就是修饰限定名词或代词的词语 定语从句（Attributive Clauses ）就是复合句中具有修饰限定名词或者代词的句子，在整个 句中做定语。 被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出，关系词就是连接主句和从句的词语。 我们去我们之前的句子中找先行词和关系词！ 再看看几个句子。走向复杂化 Is there anything that you（主）don't understand （谓）about the problem? 先行词关系代词(指代anything ）定语从句（修饰anything ，意思为“关于 这个问题，你不明白的东西”） Life is like a long race where we （主）compete with （谓）others （宾）to go beyond ourselves ）定语从句（修饰 a long race ，先行词关系副词(指代“介词+a long race ” ） 意思为“在这个长跑中，我们不断超越自己去竞争。”
初中英语专题汇编英语定语从句(一)及解析 一、定语从句 1．The lady spoke to me in the shop is my aunt. A．Which B．who C．where D．What 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：句意：在商店与我说话的那位女士是我的姑姑。A. Which哪一个；B. who 谁；C. where 在哪； D. What什么。The lady为先行词，指人，引导词用who或that，故答案为B。 考点：考查定语从句的引导词。 2．One is filled with knowledge always behaves with elegance（优雅）. A．which B．who C．how D．what 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意：一个学识渊博的人总是举止优雅。考查关系代词。A. which关系代词，引导定语从 句时，指代物；B. who关系代词，引导定语从句时，指代人；C. how关系副词；D. what不能引导定语从句。根据One is filled with knowledge always behaves with elegance（优雅）.可知，先行词one指代人，所以用关系代词who或that引导定语从句，同时在定语从句中作主语，结合选项可知B选项符合题意，故答案选B。 3．I like the writers ___________are popular among teenagers. A．who B．which C．whom 【答案】A 【解析】 句意：我喜欢受青少年欢迎的作家。本题考查定语从句。先行词是the writers，关系代词 在定语从句中作主语且指人，故选A项。 4．The girl catches the flowers on a wedding will be the next to get married. A．whom B．which C．who D．whose 【答案】C 【解析】 考查定语从句的用法。Whom指人，作从句的宾语；which指物，作从句的主语或宾语；who指人，作从句的主语或宾语；whose即指人也指物，作从句的定语，后跟名词。根据动词“catches”可推断关系词作从句的主语，而“the girl”指人，故选C。
【真题再现】 1. — What do you think of the school uni forms? ” — Very good. I like clothes _ make me feel comfortable. ” 【贵州贵阳】 A. that B. what 2. There will be a flower show in the park we visited last week. 【广东】 A. who B. whe n C. what D. which 3. — Now many peo pie smoke and get ill. 【广西玉林】 —So we should do someth ing ___ can help stop smok ing. A. what B. who C. / D. that 4. I still remember the time _ we spent together at XiSai mountain last year. 【湖北黄石】 A. whe n B. what C. who D. which 5. One of the most delicious drinks __ I like is orange juice. 【湖北十堰】 A. which B. that C. whose D. whom 6. — There are so many girls over there. Which one is your sister? 【湖北随州】 —The one ______ hat is yellow. A. who B. whose C. that D. which 7. We all like the story about the teacher happened in our school last week. 【湖北咸宁】 A. which B. who C. whom D. what 8. The English-Chinese dictionary my father bought for me many years ago is still of great value. 【2012江苏南京】 【用法讲解】 考试要求： 定语从句一般不是中考重点考查内容，大部分地区的中考只要求理解定语从句，但是部分地 区也对定语从句的引导词及定语从句中的主谓一致进行了考查，但是理解定语从句的结构对于准 确理解句子的意思相当重要。 1. 定语从句的功用和结构 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先行词。 定语从句的用法 C. who A. whose B. whe n 【答案与解析】 1. A 。考查定语从句引导词的用法。定语从句的先行词 which 或that 。根据句意“你觉得校服怎么样呀？很好， C. who D. that 由于先行词是物，所以引导词用 clothes 是“物”，所以定语从句的引导词用 我 喜欢穿舒服的衣服” 。 which 或that ，而且引导词在 2. D 。考查定语从句引导词的用法。 定语从句中作宾语。 3. D 。定语从句的先行词是不定代词 4. D 。由于定语从句中的先行词是 或which ，故选D 。 5. B 。由于定语从句的先行词 drinks 被形容词最高级修饰，所以引导词只能用 that ，而不用which 。 6. B 。考查定语从句的引导词， 根据句意可知引导词在定语从句中作定语， 修饰hat ，只能选whose 。 7. A 。本题需要准确找出定语从句的先行词 the story ，是指物而不是 指人，所以定语从句的引导词 用which 而不用who 。 someth ing ,所以定语从句的引导词用 that 。 time ，且引导词在从句中作宾语，所以定语从句的引导词用 that 。 that