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用中文轻松解决定语从句(三)

定语从句中比较特殊的还有非限定性定语从句及that&as引导，他们在用法上有who/which的延伸，也有用法的区分。

非限定性定语从句

非限定性定语从句起补充说明作用，在句子中不充当成分，是先行词的附加说明，

缺少也不会影响全句的理解，它与主句往往用逗号隔开，本质上相当于一个插入语。

关系代词which/who在非限制性定语从句，中所指代和修饰的不仅仅是先行词，有

个能是短语，其他从句或整个主句。

指代主句中的某个从句

He said that he had never seen her before，which was not true.

他说以前从没见过她，这不是真的。

指代整个主句

He did not return last night，which makes me sad.

他昨天晚上没回来，这令她很难过。

非限定和限定有时存在指代和修饰区，特别是具有唯一性的

I love my father who is good to me

我爱我的父亲，他对我很好

此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词father进行补充，说明。本句所传达的信息

是:"我的父亲对我很好" 。如果将此句改写成限定性定语从句:"I love my father who is good to me "我爱那个对我很好的那个父亲"。这样一来，句子所传达的信息就变了，因为我的父亲是唯一的。

非限定定语从句&定语从句主要区别：

<1>

限定性定语从句:主句与从句不需要用逗号隔开，引导词有时可以省略

非限定性定语从句:主句与从句需要用逗号隔开，引导词不可以省略

<2>

限定性定语从句:先行词可以用that引导。

非限定性定语从句:先行词不可以用that引导。

<3>

限定性定语从句:从句只修饰先行词。

非限定性定语从句:从句既可以修饰先行词，也可以修饰句子的一部分或整个句子

that

关系代词that可以引导限定性定语从句，修饰代表人或事物的先行词，

但不能用于引导非限定性定语从句，因that没有联结功能，且可以作为一个主语，

与英文语法结构不符。that可以充当从句的主语、宾语、表语。

其实that引导实质上是一种偷懒行为，

因为that常用作关系代词，可指代某人，也可指代某物，指物时有的时候可用which 替换that，指人时可用who替换，基本上能用who/which引导的都可以用that代替则可以有如下推导过程

<1>whom(前无介词)or who or which=that

where=介词+which（地点）when=介词+which（时间）

where=介词+that，但in that有由于的意思，容易产生歧义

所以where or when or whom≠that，引导时不可以直接替换

<2>whose=who的所有格，所以whose≠that，引导时不可以直接替换

<3>why=for which所以why≠that，引导时不可以直接替换

必用that引导，因that翻译为“那”自带强调意味，

<1>先行词是不定代词或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时。例如：

Is there anything that I can do for you?

有什么我可以帮你的吗？

<2>先行词被序数词、形容词最高级、 the only the very the last等修饰时例如：

You are the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.

你是我曾见过的最漂亮的女孩

（3）先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词只用that。例如：

The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all. 我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。故强调（通过差异来强化语气）必须用that

如：

all everything anything nothing little

much any each no some few the

only the very ， the ---est the –th

as引出非限定性定语从句时，代替整个主句。as在非限定性定语从句中作主语、表

语或宾语，且引出的从句位置比较灵活，可位于句首或句末，也可置于主句中间。

通常均由逗号将其与主句隔开，用法同which，但as有"正如……，就像……"之意，所以常用于肯定句，而which则用于肯定，否定都可以。

As I expected he didn't believe me.

正如我所预料的那样，他不相信我的话

<1>as引导的定语从句可以放在句首、句中和句尾，which引导的定语从句可置于句

中或句尾，as有时也可用作关系代词。若as在从句中作主语，其引导的句子可以放

在句首或句中。但which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放句中。

<2>在固定结构中使用as 例如:the same … as 、as … as

as we all know 众所周知

as I can remember 正如我所记得的

as often happens 正如经常发生的那样

as we expect 正如我们预料的那样

END

注意事项

?非限定定语从句不可以用that引导

?带有强调意味的限定性定语从句用that引导

?as与which用法大致相同，但as有"正如……，就像……"之意根据语境选择

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初三英语定语从句讲解及练习题在复合句中修饰名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whose, whom, which, that 。引导定语从句的关系副词有when, where, why。关系代词在定语从句中做主语，宾语，定语。关系副词在定语从句中做状语。一、who引导的定语从句,who在从句中做主语(口语中也可做宾语)，修饰表示人的先行词。 This is the man who helped me. The boy who二、whom引导的定语从句,whom在从句中作宾语,修饰表示人的先行词，口语中可以省略。 The doctor (whom) you are looking for is in the room. The person (whom) you just talked to is Mr. Li. =The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li. (介词后whom不能省略) The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy. (固定短语中的介词一般不能拆开，仍放在动词之后。look for / look after /take care of / put on / take off…) 三、whose引导的定语从句,whose在从句中作定语，修饰表示人或物的先行词。 Do you know the woman whose name is Mary. Pass me the dictionary whose cover is black. He has a friend whose father is a doctor. 四、that引导的定语从句，that在从句中做主语或宾语、修饰表示人或物的先行词。作宾语时可省略,不能放在介词后面作宾语. (that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which) The letter (thatI can’t find the letter thatDo you still remember the days (thatThe house (that=The house in which we live is not large. The doctor (that五、which引导的定语从句，which在从句中做主语，也可做宾语，或介词的宾语，修饰表示物的先行词。 This is the book (which/that ) you want. The building whichThe room in which there is a machine is a workshop.(介词后面的which不能省略) The house (which/that) we live in is not large.

6 定语从句 3 学生

第4讲关系副词关系副词有when, where, why三个，在定语从句中一般作状语；how不能作关系副词。考点1.关系副词在定语从句中常作状语 1.【2015陕西】As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time ______ he should be able to be independent. A. which B. where C. whom D. when 2.【2009重庆】Life is like a long race ______ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. A. why B. what C. that D. where 3.【2012浙江】We live in an age ______ more information is available with great ease than ever before. A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which 4.【2013四川】Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment ______ they live. A. what B. which C. when D. where 考点2.the way作先行词首先要确定the way在定语从句中作什么成分。如果the way在定语从句中作主语或宾语，要选用关系代词。 ①I don’t like the way ______ will cost too much money. ②The way ______ he thought of to solve the problem was not practical. 如果the way在定语从句中作状语(定语从句还原后是in the way)，关系词用下面三种情况的任一种：in which；that；省略。 The way ______ he answered the question was surprising. A. how B. that C. in which D. / E. B/C/D 5.That is not the way ______ I do it. A. / B. which C. for which D. with which 6.This is the only way ______ you can find. A. that B. / C. in which D. A, B and C E. A and B 7.I don’t like the way ______ he spoke to his mother. A. that B. / C. in which D. A, B and C 考点3.situation, case, point, business等作先行词，关系副词常用where 8.【2009浙江】I have reached a point in my life______ I am supposed to make decisions of my own. A. which B. where C. how D. why 9.【2003上海】I can think of many cases ______ students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay. A. why B. which C. as D. where 10.【2008江西】Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers ______ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law. A. where B. when C. who D. which 11.【2004湖南】I work in a business ______ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. A. how B. which C. where D. that 12.【2009福建】It’s helpful to put children in a situation______ they can see themselves differently. A. that B. when C. which D. where 考点4.occasion(时机)作先行词时关系副词用when It was a rare -indeed unique occasion when I was able to put Ritchie right. I.单句改错 1.【2006安徽】Most public libraries also have a reading-room, that you can sit at the desk and read the daily newspapers, magazines and other books, but you are not permitted to take them out. 2.We’re just trying to reach a point which both sides will sit down together and talk. 3.There are some reasons for they do this. 4.I hope I can be admitted to a good college, which I will have a chance to improve my English further.

初三英语定语从句讲解及-练习

定语从句的用法和精练一、定语从句的概念在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。定语从句在句子中的功能类似于一个形容词用于修饰名词或代词，由于它是以句子为单位的超大号形容词（较长），所以一般放在被修饰的名词或代词的后面，而被修饰的名词或代词放在定语从句前，叫做先行词。二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。常见的关系代词包括：that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,在从句中做主、宾、表、定语等成分。常见的关系副词包括：where, when, why等。在从句中做时间、地点、原因等状语。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。四、关系代词的用法 1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如: Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语) The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语) 2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如: The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语) The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语) 3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如: The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语) Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语) 注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who, that, which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如: This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。 This is the house that we lived in last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。（这里不能用in that） Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。 Please tell me who you borrowed the English novel from.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。 (2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如: This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。 (3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如: The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。 (4)关系词只能用that的情况:

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