1．主观题占55%，客观题各占45%。文理学科共用一份考试卷。考试时间为180分钟。
2．共有六大题。具体的题型、题量及分值如下：
考试内容阅读完成填空选择搭配题英译汉汉译英写作
考试分值30分10分15分15分10分20分
题量1×30=30 0.5×20=10 3 × 5 3×5(句)=15 2×5(句)=10 200-250单词
3．试题有以下几个特点：
⑴听力考试在复试中进行。
⑵第一题是阅读题，主要考查考生的阅读能力。共有6篇短文，每篇约350单词，每篇有5个问题，每个问题1分，共30分。阅读题的内容涉及文理科的各种普通的内容。
⑶第二题是填空题，主要是检查考生的英语综合运用能力。其类型属于“无选项填空”题。试题为一篇短文，内含20处填空，在需要填空的地方不提供选择答案，考生必须根据上下文的逻辑关系自己填上一个词性和意思都合适的单词。每个填空0.5分，共10分。
⑷第三题是“选择搭配题”。是一篇阅读文章，里面有5处句子填空。考生需根据上下文的逻辑关系，从给出的10个句子中分别选择5个句子来填空，每句3分，共15分。
⑸第四题是“英译汉”翻译题。要求考生把在一段文章中指定的5个英文句子翻译成汉语。每个句子3分，共15分。
⑹第五题是“汉译英”翻译题。要求考生把一段汉语文章中被指定的5个句子翻译成英语。每个句子2分，共10分。
⑺第六题是作文题，共有两道题，考生可任选其中一题来作文，写两题者不给分。文体一般为议论文，200至250个英语单词。要求审题准确，语句通顺连贯，思路清晰，内容充实。本题共20分。
精品文档 中山大学肿瘤学 考博真题 （临床部分看万德森的临床肿瘤学；基础部分结合曾益新的肿瘤学及温伯格的癌生物学一起理解看；06及17年真题实在找不齐，抱歉。）
2002年 一、必答题 1、试述放射生物学的“4R”及临床意义 2、肿瘤外科手术治疗的临床意义 . 精品文档 3、化学治疗根治肿瘤的理论基础及临床应用原则 4、癌变的二阶段学说 5、 p53的生理功能及功能异常与肿瘤的关系 6、细胞凋亡的特征及生理意义 二、选答题 1、放射治疗的远期并发症是什么？如何预防？ 2、肿瘤基因治疗的方法。 3、大剂量MTX治疗及用CF解救的方法及原理。 4、上颌窦癌的临床表现及治疗原则。 5、鼻窥镜在鼻咽癌诊治中的应用 6、简述作用于抗癌新靶点的药物并举例说明 7、试述90年代后使用于临床的对恶性肿瘤有效的新药物，并举例说明 8、试述ⅢB期非小细胞肺癌获取细胞学或病理学诊断的方法。 9、中上段食管癌的临床表现 2003年 一、必答题 1、癌发生的二阶段学说 2、基因突变的方式与原癌基因活化 3、p53基因生物学特性与意义 4、信号传导通路的组成 二、选答题 5、调亡的特点及生物学意义 6、肿瘤多步骤转移基本过程 7、基因突变形式几检测方法 8、化疗药物多药耐药性发生机制 9、基因治疗策略 10、腹部肿块的类型并举例 11、说明胸部肺癌转移的各站淋巴结 . 精品文档 12、食道癌的X线表现 13、四度白细胞减少患者合并严重感染的处理
14、简述抗肿瘤药物的副作用及代表药物 15、拓扑异构酶I和II的作用及区别，抑制剂的代表药物 16、简述肿瘤外科在肿瘤治疗中的作用 2004年 一、必答题 、简述肿瘤外科在肿瘤综合治疗中的作用。1 、术前放疗的原则2 3、根治性化疗的理论基础和原则 4、肿瘤免疫治疗有哪些方法？ 5、蒽环类最常见的副作用有哪些？如何防治？ 6、肿瘤细胞信号传导有哪些基本组成要素？ 7、信号转导的组成二、选答题 8、肺癌淋巴引流分组 9、肿瘤外科发展趋势 10、试述肿瘤的异型性 11、Herceptin的原理、适应症及禁忌症 12、什么是预防性手术，有哪些 13、低恶性非霍奇金淋巴瘤治疗原则 14、凋亡特征及发展机制 15、中晚期胸上段食管癌的临床症状有哪些，为什么？ 16、AFP在肝癌诊治中的意义 17、肝动脉栓塞化疗的 18、基因突变有哪些及有哪些检查方法 19、常见致癌因素及其致癌特点 20、烃化剂作用机理，举出3种药物 . 精品文档 21、抗癌药物的不良反应有哪些，各举1例 22、根治性颈淋巴洁清扫并发症有哪些，如何预防 23、提高结肠癌疗效有哪些方法 24、肿瘤局部，远处扩散机制 25、鼻咽癌放疗后主要远期后遗症有哪些，哪些方法预防或减少发生 2005年 一、必答题 1、恶性肿瘤细胞放疗损伤的4R 变化及其临床意义。 2、肿瘤外科在恶性肿瘤多学科综合治疗中的地位。 3、自体造血干细胞移植的适应症。对何种肿瘤最有效。 4、拓扑异构酶对恶性肿瘤的意义？举出针对拓扑异构酶Ⅰ、Ⅱ的化疗药名称各一个。 5、肿瘤多步骤转移机制。 6、细胞信号传导途径的基本组成要素。 二、选答题 7、从放疗的局部治疗角度论述放射治疗领域的新进展。（何领域？何进展？反正是这 方面 8、目前抗癌药物的开发和应用，除细胞毒药物外，尚有那些药物作用靶点。并举例说
北京外国语大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析 Directions: In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5, choose the most suitable one from the list A―G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. A new volcano was being born.Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba ,huo jia zi xun qq: qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi. The volcano in the cornfield grew until it was bigger than the cornfield! 1 People called the volcano the Little Monster because it grew so fast. Scientists came from all over the world to study it and watch it grow. It is not often that people get a chance to watch a volcano from the very beginning. Most of the volcanoes have been here for a very long time. Some have been here so long that now they are cold. They are called dead volcanoes. They have stopped throwing out fire and melted rock and smoke. It is safe to walk on them. Farms are plowed on the quiet slopes, and people have built houses there. Some volcanoes have stopped throwing out hot rock, but they still smoke a little now and then. They are "sleeping" volcanoes. Sometime they may "wake up". 2 Today volcanoes are not so dangerous for people as they were a long time ago. Now we know more about why volcanoes do what they do, and we can usually tell when they are going to do it. 3
中大办理退辅修、成绩单等事情全攻略！（针对申请出国读书的同学，内含各类链接）【刚搞定回来，发帖积RP，欢迎转发】来源：杨嘉卉的日志 最近有同学和师弟师妹问我要怎样办成绩单，想着就写一篇日志来告诉大家啦~今天早上刚刚拿到新鲜出炉的成绩单们，为了积RP，于是将整个过程以及一些要注意的细节告诉大家。其实也不见得全面，目的只是想让没去办的同学能大概清楚流程、知道要做些什么准备，不至于办事的时候就蒙了，以至于影响了申请的进度。 一、退辅修 我之前在珠海有选了辅修，但回来南校之后，由于想着不想修那么多的课，所以就将辅修退掉，以充公选。 1、退辅修申请 - 要准备的东西有：（1）取消辅修的申请书。没有模板，就写清楚退辅修的原因，签上名字，留上联系电话，就OK。（2）《中山大学本科转专业学生课程学分认定及成绩转换申请表》在教务处的网站可以找到（https://www.doczj.com/doc/3813993254.html,/home/view.aspx?id=5210）。这一份是转专业的学生用的，但只要将抬头和相关内容改成自己需要的就OK。将辅修已经修过的课程、学时、学分、成绩等填好，拿到自己院系的教务员那边签名和学院章，然后再拿到辅修所属院系的教务员那里签名和盖章。像我们院，要求是系主任一级的人签名。于是还要等系主任有空才签名。反正这个签名和这个章就比较蛋疼，因为不知道什么时候系主任有空帮你签个名。 将这两份东西都需要用A4的纸来打印，当然签名和盖章就不能打印啦~~将他们订在一起，拿到东校区行政楼A201教务处那里交给那里的老师，说清楚你是要退辅修转学分的就OK。表格放在老师那里之后，就要等那个老师什么时候有空帮你操作一下那个教务系统了。我那天是早上交下午就帮我转好。还是觉得教务处的老师效率还是挺高的。 2.退辅修Q&A Q：退辅修有什么好处？ A：虽然交了钱，上了那么多课，现在退了，拿不到辅修证，好像挺可惜的。但是其实本来辅修证就没用，而且这些已经修过的课程是可以转为公选。所以对于那些还没修够学分，又不想上课的大四孩纸来说就是一件非常好的事情了~ Q：关于辅修、双专业、双学位的成绩单可以只打其中的一些课程吗？ A：无论是中文还是英文的成绩单，对于辅修的成绩，是遵循“全或无”的原则：即要不就全部都打出来，要不就可以全部都不打，不能够选其中的一些打而另外的一些不打。 交了申请之后，留意自己的教务系统上面，是不是已经显示你之前的辅修的课程已经全部转成“公选”了。有什么问题，可以打这个电话查询：39332173（毕业审核，公选课，辅修/双专业/双学位，公选和辅修双专业双学位的成绩管理）。
育明考博 免费咨询报名电话：400-668-6978咨询QQ：493371626（李老师） 2015考博QQ交流群105619820 2015考博QQ英语群335488903 2015考博QQ专业课群157460416 2015长安大学考博英语分析 一、招考介绍 从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。 二、联系导师 在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。 大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。 通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种： （1）、欢迎报考。这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。 （2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。 (3）、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关，欢迎报考什么的话。不
中山大考博英语真题 Directions: In each question, decide which of the choices given will most suitably complete the sentences if inserted at the place marked. Write your choices on the Answer Sheet. 31. The secretary was harshly——by her boss for misplacing some important files. A) rebuked B）teased C) washed D) accused 32. The jet airliner has ——from the Wright brothers’ small airplane. A) Involved B) evolved C) devolved D) revolved 33. Chinese products enjoy high international prestige because of their, quality. A) Indistinctive B) indisputable C) indispensable D) indistinguishable 34. This can something that the students may not have comprehended in English. A) Signify B) specify C) clarify D) testify 35. I must you on your handling of a very difficult situation. A) meditate B) complement C) elaborate D) compliment 36. I've had my car examined three times now but no mechanic has been able to the problem. A) deduce B) notify C) highlight D) pinpoint 37. Architectural pressure groups fought unsuccessfully to save a terrace of eighteenth century houses from _ A) abolition B) demolition C) disruption D) dismantling 38.Having decided to rent a flat, we____ contacting all the accommodation dt, agencies in the city. A) set out B) set to C) set about D) set off 39. The police decided to the department store after they had received a bomb warning. A) evict B) expel C) abandon D) evacuate 40. If the work-force respected you, you wouldn't need to your authority so often, A) affirm B) restrain C) assert D) maintain 41. Miss Rosemary Adang went through the composition carefully to all errors from it. A) eliminate B) terminate C) illuminate D) alleviate 42. Several months previously, the workers had petitioned the company for a 25 percent wage increase and of stricter safety regulations. A) implement B) endowment C) enforcement D) engagement 43. The rebel army __ the democratic government of the, country lawlessly. A) overthrew B) overtook C) overturned D) overruled 44. Judges are ____increasingly heavy fines for minor driving offences A). B) demanding C) imparting D) imposing 45. The of all kinds of necessary goods was caused by natural calamity. A) variety B) scarcity C) solidarity D) commodity 46. It is essential to be on the for any signs of movement in the undergrowth since there are poisonous snakes in the area. A) guard B) care C) alert D) alarm
模拟20 Part ⅠListening Comprehension (20 %) (略) Part ⅡVocabulary and Structure (10%) Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there arc four choices marked A, B, C and D. Circle the one that best completes the sentence. 1. With price ______ so much, it' s hard for the company to plan a budget. A. fluctuating B. waving C. swinging D. vibrating 2. Noting the murder victim' s pear like figure, she deduced that the unfortunate fellow had earned his living in some ______ occupation. A. treacherous B. prestigious C. ill-paying D. sedentary 3. Educators are now recommending that reasoning skills ______ in the class room since recent tests indicate that many teachers in the past have ignored these skills. A. are emphasized B. must be emphasized C. would be emphasized D. should be emphasized 4. The place did not seem to be popular, for it was completely deserted, and in any case ______ to traffic. A. inaccessible B. inadequate C. insignificant D. incompatible 5. Hardly a week passed ______ he got another new idea. A. that B. for C. but that D. but for 6. Most people spend far more of their leisure time with the mass media than in any other ______. A. business B. occupation C. job D. profession 7. Their ______ -- that their project under way was something entirely new proved to be untrue. A. repetition B. assumption C. impression D. comparison 8. ______ they must put aside their prejudices, ______ . we must be prepared to accept their good faith. A. Just as... so B. Just as... as C. So much... as D. So far... as 9. A light sleeper is usually very ______ to any sound even as inaudible as the humming of a mosquito. A. acute B. keen C. alert D. immune 10. Nobody yet knows how long and how seriously the shakiness in the financial system will the economy. A. knock down B. drag down C. settle down D. put down 11. There is a real possibility that we could finish the task ahead of schedule, ______ enough time. A. being there B. there was C. should there be D. there having been 12. Don't do anything against law again, otherwise, you and your ______ will be caught by the police. A. comrades B. associates C. connection D. relations 13. The trouble seems to be that income tax is progressive, so that the richer you get, the less rich you are than ______. A. what you think you ought to be B. what you thought you ought to be C. what you thought you should be D. you think you ought to be 14. After thirty years of television, people have become "speed watchers"; consequently, if the camera lingers, the interest of the audience ______. A. broadens B. varies C. flags D. clears 15. The education ______ for the coming year is about $4 billion, which is much more than what people expected.
2015暨南大学考博英语历年真题 一、招考介绍 从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。 二、暨南大学考博英语题型 Part1:词汇和结构，15分，30道题 Part2：完型5分，10道题 Part3：阅读理解，40分，4篇20个小题 Part4：翻译，英译汉15分，5个句子 Part5：写作，25分，一个10分，一个15分 三、考博英语必备参考书 育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。 四、联系导师 在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。 大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。 通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种： （1）、欢迎报考。这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。 （2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。
2018年中山大考博英语真题 Directions: In each question, decide which of the choices given will most suitably complete the sentences if inserted at the place marked. Write your choices on the Answer Sheet. 31. The secretary was harshly——by her boss for misplacing some important files. A) rebuked B）teased C) washed D) accused 32. The jet airliner has ——from the Wright brothers’ small airplane. A) Involved B) evolved C) devolved D) revolved 33. Chinese products enjoy high international prestige because of their, quality. A) Indistinctive B) indisputable C) indispensable D) indistinguishable 34. This can something that the students may not have comprehended in English. A) Signify B) specify C) clarify D) testify 35. I must you on your handling of a very difficult situation. A) meditate B) complement C) elaborate D) compliment 36. I've had my car examined three times now but no mechanic has been able to the problem. A) deduce B) notify C) highlight D) pinpoint 37. Architectural pressure groups fought unsuccessfully to save a terrace of eighteenth century houses from _ A) abolition B) demolition C) disruption D) dismantling 38.Having decided to rent a flat, we____ contacting all the accommodation dt, agencies in the city. A) set out B) set to C) set about D) set off 39. The police decided to the department store after they had received a bomb warning. A) evict B) expel C) abandon D) evacuate 40. If the work-force respected you, you wouldn't need to your authority so often, A) affirm B) restrain C) assert D) maintain 41. Miss Rosemary Adang went through the composition carefully to all errors from it. A) eliminate B) terminate C) illuminate D) alleviate 42. Several months previously, the workers had petitioned the company for a 25 percent wage increase and of stricter safety regulations. A) implement B) endowment C) enforcement D) engagement 43. The rebel army __ the democratic government of the, country lawlessly. A) overthrew B) overtook C) overturned D) overruled 44. Judges are ____increasingly heavy fines for minor driving offences A). B) demanding C) imparting D) imposing 45. The of all kinds of necessary goods was caused by natural calamity. A) variety B) scarcity C) solidarity D) commodity 46. It is essential to be on the for any signs of movement in the undergrowth since there are poisonous snakes in the area. A) guard B) care C) alert D) alarm
考博英语模拟试题：考博英语阅读训练（4） 以下是小编为大家整理的关于《考博英语模拟试题：考博英语阅读训练（4）》，供大家学习参考！ China reins in economic expansion China's growth in fixed-asset investment and its money supply slowed considerably in August，providing firm evidence that the government's tightening measures were reining in the country's rapid economic expansion.examda Urban fixed-asset investment in August rose 21.5 per cent compared with a year ago，a marked slowdown from the 30.5 per cent expansion from January through July and the slowest for a single month since December 2004. M2，the broad indicator for money supply， rose 17.9 per cent last month compared with 18.4 per cent in July and June. China's economy has been growing at a record pace，expanding by 11.3 per cent in the second quarter. Beijing officials and many economists are concerned that such growth rates are not sustainable in the longer term.
中山大学文件 中大办〔2009〕7号 关于发布中山大学各单位英文译名的通知 校机关各部、处、室，各学院、直属系，各直属单位，各附属单位，后勤集团、产业集团： 为适应学校建设高水平大学的目标和要求，使我校各类机构、单位名称的英文表述更趋规范和准确，学校组织有关专家对各单位英文译名进行了统一的修订和翻译工作。经多次征求意见和论证，在尊重原单位使用习惯和吸取专业意见的基础上，由专家组审定，英文译名已于日前定稿。 学校各类机构和单位英文译名的规范和正确运用，是学校行政管理水平的重要体现。现将学校各二级单位英文译名（见附件1）予以发布，请各单位在日后工作过程中严格遵照执行。同时，为便利工作，加强规范，专家组根据各单位
提交的下设机构名单（附件2）进行了翻译和修订，同予发布，供参考使用。 附件：1．学校各二级单位英文译名 2．有关单位下设机构英文译名 二〇〇九年三月二十日 主题词：行政事务机构英文译名△通知 中山大学校长办公室2009年4月27日印发 责任校对：王莉婧附件1
学校各二级单位英文译名 机关部、处、室 党委办公室 Office of the SYSU Committee of the CPC 党委宣传部 Publicity Department of the SYSU Committee of the CPC 纪委办公室 Discipline Inspecting Commission Office 监察处 Supervision Department 审计处 Audit Department 党委组织部 Organization Department of the SYSU Committee of the CPC 党委统战部 The United Front Work Department of the SYSU Committee of the CPC
华中科技大学2018年博士研究生 入学考试试题 完型较难，阅读题库只看到两篇，翻译较简单。 一、完型选择（0.5分*20=10分） 关于对川普的评价，较难，没怎么看懂 二、阅读理解（四篇阅读、每篇5道题，2分*20=40分） 前两篇是题库里GRE的，后两篇没印象，感觉难度与GRE差不多，看过的同学请补充。 第一篇 The evolution of intelligence among early large mammals of the grasslands was due in great measure to the interaction between two ecologically synchronized groups of these animals, the hunting carnivores and the herbivores that they hunted. The interaction resulting from the differences between predator and prey led to a general improvement in brain functions; however, certain components of intelligence were improved far more than others. The kind of intelligence favored by the interplay of increasingly smarter catchers and increasingly keener escapers is defined by attention—that aspect of mind carrying consciousness forward from one moment to the
[外语类试卷]考博英语模拟试卷164 一、Reading Comprehension 0 For this part, you are required to write a composition on the topic Foods are overwhelmingly the most advertised group of all consumer products in the United States. Food products lead in expenditures for network and spot television advertisements, discount coupons, trading stamps, contests, and other forms of premium advertising. In other media- newspapers, magazines, newspaper supplements, billboards, and radio- food advertising expenditures rank near the top. Food manufacturers spend more on advertising than any other manufacturing group, and the nation's grocery stores rank first among all retailers. Throughout the 1970s, highly processed foods have accounted for the bulk of total advertising. Almost all coupons, electronic advertising, national printed media advertising, consumer premiums ( other than trading stamps) as well as most push promotion come from processed and packaged food products. In 1978, breakfast cereals, soft drinks, candy and other desserts, oils and salad dressings, coffee, and prepared foods accounted for only an estimated 20 percent of the consumer food dollar. Yet these items accounted for about one half of all media advertising. By contrast, highly perishable foods such as unprocessed meats, poultry, fish and eggs, fruits and vegetables, and dairy products accounted for over half of the consumer food-at-home dollar. Yet these products accounted for less than 8 percent of national media advertising in 1.978, and virtually no discount coupons. These products tend to be most heavily advertised by the retail sector in local newspapers, where they account for an estimated 40 percent of retail grocery newspaper ads. When measured against total food-at-home expenditures, total measured food advertising accounts for between 3 and 3.7 cents out of every dollar spent on food in the nation's grocery stores. A little less than one cent of this amount is accounted for by electronic advertising ( mostly television) while incentives account for 0.6 cents. The printed media accounts for 0.5 cents and about one-third of one cent is comprised of discount coupon redemptions. The estimate for the cost of push promotion ranges from 0.7 to 1.4 cents. This range is necessary because of the difficulty in separating non-promotional aspects of direct selling—transportation, technical, and other related services. Against this gross consumer cost must be weighed the joint products or services provided by advertising. In the case of electronic advertising, the consumer who views commercial television receives entertainment, while readers of magazines and newspapers receive reduced prices on these publication. The consumer pays directly for some premiums, but also receives nonfood merchandise as an incentive to purchase the