中考一轮复习NO 开头词汇（一）（讲义）
??以字母 NO 开头的单词
name /ne?m/
n. 名字，姓名，名称
名字：first name=given name 姓
：last name=family name 全名
：full name
v. 命名
They named/called the child Dick. The
child named Dick is my brother.
nation /'ne??(?)n/ n. 国家；民族；国民
national /'n??(?)n(?)l/ adj. 国家的，全国性的，民族的
the national flag 国旗National Day 国庆节
May Day 五一劳动节Mother’s Day 母亲节
Children’s Day 儿童节the Spring Festival 春节
the Dragon-Boat Festival 端午节
Thanksgiving Day 感恩节Christmas 圣诞节
Halloween 万圣节Easter 复活节
nature /'ne?t??/ n. 自然，性质，种类
natural /'n?t?(?)r(?)l/ adj. 自然的
near /n??/
adv./pr ep. 接近（地）；靠近（地）；离…很近（地）
His retirement was drawing near.
I’d like to sit near a window,
please. It is near to my college.
adj. （距离）近的，接近的；相似的，近似的
the nearest town
nearby /'n??ba?/
adj. 附近的（仅用于名词前）
Lucy was staying in the nearby town of Hamilton.
adv. 在附近；附近（also near by）
I noticed a policeman standing nearby.
nearly /'n??l?/ adv. 将近，几乎
近义词：almost
1
The bottle is nearly empty. 这个瓶子差不多空了。
The boy nearly fell into the river. 这个男孩差点掉进河里。
necessary /'nes?s(?)r?/ adj. 必需的，必要的
It’s necessary to do sth.… 做某事很有必要
neck /nek/ n. 颈，脖子
neck and neck 并驾齐驱；不相上下
need /ni?d/
n. 需要，需求……[U]
There’s no need (shout). I’m not deaf.
v. 需要，必须
否定形式：don’t/doesn’t/didn’t need
—Do you need me to help you?
—Yes, I do. & No, I don’t.
sb. need (sb) to do sth. 需要(某人)做某事
sth. needs/wants doing = sth. needs/wants to be done 某事需要被做
The room needs (clean). = The room needs _ (clean).
modal v. 需要，必须（多用于否定和疑问）否定
形式：needn’t do sth.
—Need I answer the question?
—Yes, you must/you have to. & N o, you needn’t.
neighbour /'ne?b?/ n. (美neighbor)邻居，邻人
neighborhood /'ne?b?,h?d/ n. 街区；街坊
neither /'na?e?/ adj. (两者)都不；也不
Either you or I am right. 要么是你对，要么是我对。
Neither you nor I am right. 你和我都不对。
Both of us are right. 我们俩都对。
Either of us is right. 我们俩中有一人是对的。
Neither of us is right. 我们都不对。
nor /n??/ conj. 也不
so/nor/neither +助动词+主语某人也(不)是(如此)
—Tom works hard. —So does Lily. (Lily 也是)
—Tom doesn’t work hard. —Neither does Lily./Nor does Lily./Lily neither. (Lily 也不)
2
—I don’t know. —Neither do I./Nor do I./Me neither. (我也不知道) so +主语+助动词是的，的确是这样
—Tom works hard.
—So he does. (的确如此)
not /n?t/ adv. 不，没
Not only you but also Tom (like) noodles.
I not only play football but (also) (watch) football
matches. She likes not only dancing but also (sing).
no /n??/
adv. 不，不是
adj. 没有，无，不
no matter 无论；不要紧
She would never turn her back on me, no matter what I did, and it’s the same for
me. “I haven’t got that form with me.” “No matter, here’s another.”
他不会再去那里了。(no more)
He will no more go there.
He will not go there any more/anymore.
你不能留在这儿了。(no longer)
You can no longer stay here.
You can’t stay here any longer.
nothing /'n?θ??/ pron. 没有东西，没有什么
have nothing to do with 与……无关
There was nothing much to do but read.
none /n?n/ pron. 无任何东西或人，没有一个
nobody /'n??b?d?/
n. 渺小人物
pron. 没有人，无人
none & nobody/no one & nothing 的区别：
—How many people are there in the park?
—None.
none 侧重数量，指人或者物，可与 of 连用。None of them can speak Japanese.
—Who is in the classroom?
—Nobody./No one.
nobody 不侧重数量，指人，不与 of 连用。
—What’s in the box?
—Nothing.
3
Beli, bell-war Belligerent(contentious, bellicose)好战的 Antebellum 战争前夕 Rebellion 反抗 Bene,ben-good Benefactor 慈善家 Benevolent 友善的，和善的 Beneficent 友善的 Benign 和蔼 Benefit 利益 Bi-two Bicycle 自行车 Bisect 平分 Bilateral 双边的 Bilingual 双语 Biped 双足的 Bilio-book Bible圣经 Bibliography 笔迹学 Bibliophile 书籍爱好者 Bio=life Biography传记 Biology Amphibious Symbiotic 共生的 Macrobiotic 长寿法 Burs-money, purse Reimburse归还，偿还(restitute, compensate, atone, revert) Disburse 支出 Bursary 会计 Bursar仓库 Bait 鱼饵 Bard吟游诗人 Baleful 有害的 Harmful, threatening Battery 一套 Banish 驱赶 Deport/expel/ Banal 平庸 Ordinary/trite Barrage 火力网 Barrier 阻碍 Obstacle/hinder/impedance/symie/foil/thwart/strand/congest
Berate 怒骂，斥责 Admonish/condemn/reprimand/reproach/deplore/chide/inveigh Bereave 丧失 Deprive/strip/expropriate/dispossess/divest Bewilder 是困惑 Perplex/confuse Bias 偏见 /prejudice bide-wait bile 胆汁,愤怒 ire bliss狂喜 ecstasy blandish 奉承 flatter/fawn bloated 膨胀 swollen/swelling/turgid/distend boisterous 狂暴的 tempestuous/raging botany 植物学 bounty 慷慨 generosity bourgeois 商人 brash 厚颜无耻的 brazen/bold/audacious/flagrant/presurmptuous bravado 故作勇敢 brevity=succinct/concise/pithy brig 禁闭室 browbeat 吓唬 brumal 寒冷的 wintry/inclement brusque 冲突的 abrupt burly=stout 健硕的 burnish 磨光tarnish 使失去光泽 polish Buffet 自助餐n. 推来桑去v. Buffer 缓冲器 Burgeon 萌芽
现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料c h a p t e r 文件管理序列号：[K8UY-K9IO69-O6M243-OL889-F88688]
Chapter 9 Changes in Word Meaning 9.1 Causes of Changes in Word Meaning 9.2 Four Tendencies in Semantic Change 9.3 Semantic Development or Change Resulting from the Figurative Use of Words Definition: Change of meaning refers to the alteration of the meaning of existing words, as well as the addition of new meaning to established words. 9.1 Causes of Changes in Word Meaning A.Historical cause 历史原因 It often happens that though a word retains its original form ,its meaning has changed because the object which it denotes has changed . *Changes of meaning because of increased knowledge of the object described are common in the history of science. Eg. pencil ==is from a Latin word meaning “a little tail” or “a fine brush”, like our Chinese “pen”毛笔.Later, when it was made of wood and graphite ,it was still called a “pencil”. atom ==It was borrowed though Latin and French from Greek arouos,invisible. Thus atom meant originally “an particle too small to be divided”. This meaning is now out-of-date, because scientist have found out that atom can be split.
哈尔滨商业大学2009-2010学年第二学期《词汇学》期末考试试卷 装 题 订 线 内 不 答 要 一、单项选择题（本大题共40小题，每小题1分，共40 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. 1. Argot generally refers to the jargon of _______. Its use is confined to the sub-cultural groups and outsiders can hardly understand it. A. workers B. criminals C. any person D. policeman 2.________ are words used only by speakers of the dialect in question. A. Argot B. Slang C. Jargon D. Dialectal words 3. Archaisms are words or forms that were once in _________use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use. A. common B. little C. slight D. great 4. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on ______meanings. A. new B. old C. bad D. good 5. Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as_________ words. They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals. A. functional B. notional C. empty D. formal 6. In the Indo-Iranian we have Persian , Bengali, Hindi, Romany, the last three of which are derived from the dead language,_______. A. Sanskrit B. Latin C. Roman D. Greek 7. Greek is the modern language derived from _______. A. Latin B. Hellenic C. Indian D . Germanic 8. The five Romance languages , namely, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, Romanian all belong to the Italic through an intermediate language called _______. A. Sanskrit B. Latin C. Celtic D. Anglo-Saxon 9. The ________family consists of the four Northern European Languages: Norwegian, Icelandic, Danish and Swedish, which are generally known as Scandinavian languages. A. Germanic B. Indo-European C. Albanian D. Hellenic 10. By the end of the _______century , virtually all of the people who held political or social power and many of those in powerful Church positions were of Norman French origin. A. 10th B.11th C.12th D. 13th 11. The prefixes in the words of ir resistible, non classical and a political are called _______. A. reversative prefixes B. negative prefixes C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes 12. The prefixes contained in the following words are called ______: pseudo-friend, mal practice, mis trust. A. reversative prefixed B. negative prefixes C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes 13. The prefixed contained in un wrap, de-compose and dis allow are _________. A. reversative prefixed B. negative prefixes C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes 14. The prefixes in words extra-strong, overweight and arch bishop are _____ . A . negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes
89.A police officer claimed.A avoid 64. A sudden noise of C. hurry 66. A man should not A.by 39.As it was going to rain B anxious 34.As the busiest woman D it 82.Although he did not C easily enough 106.After the Minister of D to answer 19. B oth the kids and their parents C. are 103.“C an you speak French? C not much 113.-Can you come on Friday D neither 7.Charles regretted _______A buying 52.Chinese is spoken by C largest 55.Children under fifteen D as are 46.-D id the medicine B medicine I take;the worse 24. Did you notice the C. whose 29. Do you know the C. lying 9.Don’t _________your D worry about 61. Don’t worry. There B.a little. 8.—Don’t you feel surprised C would be 51.E quipped with modern A those of the past 78. Every year thousands D. are lost 31. Eggs, though rich i C a large amount 16．_________fine weather it A What 77. ______his examination A. Having finished 2. _________is important that.B It 80. _________is the temperature A What 58. ________is the population D What 42. H ardly ________ C had he come/when 65. Had you come five B.would have caught 26. He asked the waiter C. for 47.He couldn’t buy the D little 1.He didn’t go to bed C until 92.He didn’t pass the C ought to have prepared 35.He is an old friend B mine 111.He is fond of play C the;/ 48.He is interested.B in 67. He is not a D. any more 34．He never does C as carefully as 18. -Hi,Jane.Would B. Not having prepared 43. His salary as a driver.C that of a porter 83.How can he _________ B hear;listening 96. How can he be _________B that 71. How often do you D. hear from 35.-How much did you D pay for 53. ________no need D There’s;turning 20. _________of them thinks C None 17. __________there any good?B. Is 10. _________you like some?C Would 53. ________no need D Ther e’s;turning 110.I am not used to speaking.A in 40. I can’t find the key A to 53.I forgot to return the B must do it 15.I have the complacent C that 100.I have been looking D hearing 15.I had my meals C brought 120.-I made the cake by C myself 50.I paid____ C one and a half pounds 109.I saw that she A service 51.I was satisfied B so were my classmates 39.I will count three A is to 44.I wish everybody B would attend 38.I won’t make the B same 85. I won’t be free B until 47.I would rather B you came here 25. If you_______ D. have finished 8.If you want to change.A another 72. If we could learn B. way 4.Important his C as 28. In_________, the northe C. general 25. -Is this your shoe? A the other one 33.—Is the library C open;closed 105.It is not until.D that 119.It is the best__A that 36.It is said that ______B quite a few 29.It’s a fine day.Let’ D shall we 81.It’s cold outside. C put on 41. It’s high time that B started 70. It’s time we ______ D. started 11.It’s to interrupt B rude 49.It was well known A invented 68. It was on the beach A that 69. It was getting____C.darker and darker 74. J ohn’s father__C. has taught 16. Jane’s cap is red. C. His 46.M any countries are increas A energy 87. Measles_________a long D takes 45. Mr.John was busy, ___B therefore 24. Mr.Smith_________me C asked 62. My parents are teachers C. both. 86. My wallet is B must have dropped it 30.N o matter__D how hard it was snowing 99.Never before_______D did I _peace 37.-Nancy was A didn’t k now;will go to 54.Neither John______A nor 2.Never get off the bus C until 7.O f all the students in B most carefull 28.Oh,your voice sounds B on 21. On formal________, D. occasions 40.One day while Mr.King B accident 12.P aper money was in______ C /;the 13.People at the party worried A of where 97.Please hurry up, _____ C or 88.Professor,would you.A keep up with
B字开头英语单词文件排版存档编号：[UYTR-OUPT28-KBNTL98-UYNN208]
A academy n. 学院，研究院，学会 accent n. 口音 accessible adj. 可接近的，可得到的 accomplish vt. 完成，实现 accomplishment n. 成就，成功的事情 account n. 描述，叙述 accumulate vt. &vi. 积聚，积累，搜集 across the world 在全世界 act vi. 表演 actor n. 演员，男演员 adapt vi&vt. （使）适应，改编 adequate adj. 足够需要的，够用的 adjust vi&vt. 调整，调节 admirable adj. 令人钦佩的，令人羡慕的，值得赞美的admiration n. 钦佩，羡慕，赞美 adolescence n. 青春期 ahead of 在。。。前面 alcohol n. 白酒，烈性酒，酒精 allocate vt. 分配 ambassador n. 大使 Goodwill Ambassador 亲善大使
ambition n. 雄心，野心 amuse vt. 使愉快，使高兴 analyse vt. 分析 ancestral adj. 祖先的 annoyed adj. 恼怒的，气恼的 anyway adv. 总之，不管怎样 apart adv&adj. 分开的，分离的 apart from 远离，和。。。不在一起，除了，还有appropriate adj. 适当的，合适的，恰如其分的approval n. 赞成，同意 arrange vi&vt. 安排 arrow n. 箭，箭头标记 aspect n. （问题等的）方面 assist vt. 帮助，协助 at that point 在那时，在那个阶段 automatic adj. 自动的，自动化的 award n. 奖，奖品 awareness n. 意识 B bacteria n. (复数)细菌 banquet n. 宴会 barrier n. 障碍
1、选择题（2 ×15=30） 2、填空题（2×5=10 ） 3、搭配题(1×10=10) 4、名词解释题(4×5=20) 5、问题回答(5×3=15) 6、论述题(第39题7分，第40题8分) 选择题： 1. Which of the following is an initialism ? D. UN 2. The following are all nominal suffixes EXCEPT A. –ful . 3．Both English and B. Danish belong to the Germantic branch of the Indo-European language family. 4.Affixes added to the end of words to indicate grammatik relationships are known as C. inflectional morphemes. 5.Motiation accounts for the connection between word-form and C.its meaning. 6.Ambiguity often arises due to polysemy and C.homonymy. 7.Affixes attached to other morphemes to create new words are known as B .derivational affixes. 8.The semantic unity of idioms is reflected in the A.illogical relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom as in rain cats and dogs. https://www.doczj.com/doc/3715731098.html,ually a small number of languages have been designated official languages for an organization’s activities ,for example, the UN was established with five official languages English, French, A.Spanish Russian, and Chinese.中英俄法西
2012词汇学复习资料 The development of the English Vocabulary 1.Indo-European Language Family The Indo-European Language Family is considered as one of the most important language families. It includes most languages of Europe, the Near East, and India. Those languages, which are believed to have originated from this language family and developed alone different lines, show various degrees of similarity to one another. They fall into eight principal groups, which can be grouped into an Eastern Set东部诸语族: Balto-Slavic波罗的-斯拉夫语, Indo-Iranian印度伊朗语族, Armenian 亚美尼亚语族and Albanian阿尔巴尼亚语族; a Western Set: 西部诸语族Celtic凯尔特语族, Italic 意大利语族, Hellenic希腊语族, Germanic日尔曼语族. All the languages in both sets shed some influence on English to a greater or lesser extent because each has lent words into the English vocabulary. Prussian普鲁士语 Lithuanian立陶宛语 Polish波兰语 Balto-Slavic波罗的-斯拉夫语Czech捷克斯洛伐克语 Bulgarian保加利亚语 Slovenian斯洛文尼亚语 Russian Albanian阿尔巴尼亚 Persian波斯语 Hindi北印度语 Indo-Iranian印度伊朗语系Bengali孟加拉语 Romany，吉卜赛语 Armenian亚美尼亚语 Portuguese Spanish Italic意大利语族Italian Roumanian罗马尼亚语 French Indo-European Language Family Irish Celtic凯尔特语Breton Scottish Norwegian挪威语 Icelandic，冰岛语 Danish丹麦语 Germanic Swedish瑞典语 日尔曼语言English Dutch Flemish German Hellenic，古希腊语- Greek
1. Shall we turn _____? The rain is getting ______? A. back, heavier B. round, heavy C. back, heavy D. round, heavier 2. The fish smells ______. You’d better ______ it. A. badly, not eat B. bad, not eat C. well, to eat 3. – I lost my new watch yesterday. - ___________. A. Bad luck! B. Never mind. C. That’s all right D. Nothing serious. 4. Is someone hurt? – Yes, one is hurt, but not _______. A. bad B. hard C. badly D. much 5.Young man! If you ______ late again, you’ll lose your job. A. will be B.were C. are D. have been 6. The film ______ for half an hour. A. has begun B.has been begun C. has been on D. began 7. He _____ our school for two weeks. A. left B.has been away from C. has left 8. Look! Some blue birds _______ in the sky. A. are flying B. fly C. flying D. flies 9. – Our country ______ very fast. – Yes, I hope it will be ______. A. has changed, better and better B. is changed, better and better C. has changed, more and more strong D. is changing, stronger and stronger 10. We ______ not to play computer games. A. are told B. have told C. told D. tell 11. The sick boy ______ to hospital by the police yesterday. A. is taken B. was taken C. takes D. took 12. The glass is broken. It ______ by my brother. A. is broken B. will be broken C.was broken D. was broke 13. When the teacher asks a question, you ______ to give an answer. A. expected B. are expecting C. are expected D. expect 14. Have you gone to see the doctor? – No, but I ________. A. didn’t B. am going to C. haven’t D. am not going to 15. Usually people in Japan and Korea _______ when they meet for the first time. A. are supposed to kiss B. are supposed to bow C. suppose to kiss D. suppose to bow 16. The radio says a wild animal zoo is to ______ in our city. A. be building B. build C. be built D. built 17. My cousin is used to ______ with his new friends in Australia. A. study B. studying C. be studied
英语词汇学知识点归纳 Standardization of sany group #QS8QHH-HHGX8Q8-GNHHJ8-HHMHGN#
English Lexicology(英语词汇学) Lexicology（词汇学）: is a branch of linguistics, inquiring into the origins and meanings of words. The Nature and Scope of English lexicology： English lexicology aims at investigating and studying the morphological structures of English words and word equivalents, their semantic structures, relations, historical development, formation and usages. The subjects that English Lexicology correlated with and extent to： English Lexicology is correlated with such linguistic disciplines as morphology(形态学), semantics(语义学), etymology(词源学),stylistics（文体论） and lexicography(词典学) The reason for a student to study English lexicology： According to the textbook, English Lexicology will definitely be beneficial for students of English. A good knowledge of morphological structures of English words and rules of word-formation will help learners develop their personal vocabulary and consciously increase their word power. The information of the historical development and the principles of classification will give them a deeper understanding of word-meaning and enable them to organize, classify and store words more effectively. The understanding and their sense relations will gradually raise their awareness of meaning and usage, and enable them use words more accurately and appropriately. A working knowledge of dictionaries will improve their skills of using reference books and raise their problem-solving ability and efficiency of individual study. Chapter 1--Basic concepts of words and vocabulary Word（词的定义）: A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. (1)a minimal free form of a language (2)a sound unity (3)a unit of meaning (4)a form that can function alone in a sentence Sound and meaning（声音与意义）: almost arbitrary, “no logical relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself” Sound and form（读音和形式）:不统一的四个原因（1）the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans,which does not have a separate letter to represent each other （2）the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years（3）some of the difference were creates by the early scribes（4）the borrowings is an important channel of enriching the English vocabulary Vocabulary（词汇）: all the words in a language make up its vocabulary Classification of English Words： By use frequency:basic word stock&nonbasic vocabulary By notion:content words&functional words By origin:native words&borrowed words The basic word stock（基本词汇）: is the foundation of the vocabulary accumulated over centuries and forms the common core of the language. Though it constitute a small percentage of the EV, it is the most important part of vocabulary. The Fundamental Features of the Basic Word Stock(基本词汇的特征): 1)All-National character（全民通用性most important） 2)Stability（相对稳定性） 3)Productivity（多产性） 4)Polysemy（多义性） 5)Collocability（可搭配性） 没有上述特征的words:(1)Terminology(术语) (2)Jargon（行话） (3)slang（俚语） (4)Argot（暗语）（5）Dialectal words(方言) (6) Archaisms（古语） (7) Neologisms（新词语）:Neologisms means newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on new meanings.(email) Content words/notional words实词(cloud, run walk, never, five, frequently) and functional words/empty words虚词(on, of, and, be, but) Native Words and Borrowed Words Native words（本族语词）: known as Anglo-Saxon words (50,000-60,000), are words brought to Britain in the 5th century by the Germanic tribes. (mainstream of the basic word-stocks).Two other features:(1)neutral in style (2)frequent in use
词汇与结构例题精讲 词汇与结构（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分） 考试要求： 【语法】考生应掌握基本的英语语法知识，并能在听、说、读、写、译中较正确地加以运用。Singing these songs, I could not help the good old days. A thinking over B thinking out C thinking of D thinking up 试题与难度：等级1 难度1 This train is going the tunnel quickly. A down B through C along D in 试题与难度：等级1 难度1 Peter worked so fast with the maths problems a lot of mistakes. A as to make B that made C to make D that he made this is an event of world historic significance is quite evident. A What B That C Because D Since 试题与难度：等级2 难度1 —In our English study reading is more important than speaking, I think. —I don’t agree with you. Speaking is reading. A as important as B so important as C the most important D the same as 试题与难度：等级2 难度1
B字开头英语单词集团档案编码：[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]
academy n. 学院，研究院，学会 accent n. 口音 accessible adj. 可接近的，可得到的 accomplish vt. 完成，实现 accomplishment n. 成就，成功的事情 account n. 描述，叙述 accumulate vt. &vi. 积聚，积累，搜集 across the world 在全世界 act vi. 表演 actor n. 演员，男演员 adapt vi&vt. （使）适应，改编 adequate adj. 足够需要的，够用的 adjust vi&vt. 调整，调节 admirable adj. 令人钦佩的，令人羡慕的，值得赞美的admiration n. 钦佩，羡慕，赞美 adolescence n. 青春期 ahead of 在。。。前面 alcohol n. 白酒，烈性酒，酒精 allocate vt. 分配 ambassador n. 大使 Goodwill Ambassador 亲善大使 ambition n. 雄心，野心 amuse vt. 使愉快，使高兴 analyse vt. 分析 ancestral adj. 祖先的 annoyed adj. 恼怒的，气恼的 anyway adv. 总之，不管怎样 apart adv&adj. 分开的，分离的 apart from 远离，和。。。不在一起，除了，还有appropriate adj. 适当的，合适的，恰如其分的approval n. 赞成，同意 arrange vi&vt. 安排 arrow n. 箭，箭头标记 aspect n. （问题等的）方面 assist vt. 帮助，协助 at that point 在那时，在那个阶段 automatic adj. 自动的，自动化的 award n. 奖，奖品 awareness n. 意识