高考数学最难大题已有满分，英语短文改错扣分最多！附评分细则
近日，各地高考阅卷工作正在如火如荼进行，各科哪些情况扣分最多？今年“爆难”高考数学题如何评分? 字迹不工整真会被扣分吗? 针对这些大家非常关心的问题，各地考试院纷纷发布信息，一一进行解答。
山西省外语评卷组负责人柳老师说：“今年英语更加注重基础知识的考察，考题相比去年简单一些。但在改错题方面失分较多，主要是由于考生在单词拼写方面不准确、不规范，希望能引起学生们的注意。”
据广东省教育考试院公布，从广东省考生的实际答卷情况来看，存在一些不足。比如在语法填空与短文改错题上存在读题不认真，没有领悟题干的具体要求；书写不规范；单词拼写错误；部分学生答题有投机的倾向等问题。在书面表达题作答出现的问题主要有：考生审题不清，缺乏语体意识；信息点采集和整合的偏离；语言表达不当，缺乏语境和语用意识；语篇构建上应试思维痕迹明显。
一、关于文体
1．试题如对文体有限定，考生要根据文体要求进行写作。
2．考生一旦确定使用某种文体，则要合乎该文体要求。
二、对材料内容与含义的理解
比如2017年全国1卷作文题是材料作文题。
材料列举了一项调查中来华留学生所关注的十二个“中国关键词”。考生作文凡从中选择两三个关键词，能够形成合理关联呈现中国形象的某个方面，均视为符合题意。
考生可选择的立意角度很多，如富强中国、科技中国、文化中国、艺术中国、绿色中国、时尚中国、美丽中国、文明中国、和谐中国、创新的中国、开放的中国、发展的中国、自信的中国等；或上升到中国精神、大国气象、大国责任等；或辩证地看待中国发展中出现的问题，均属题意范围。
三、等级评分标准
这个等级评分标准是很多省通用很多年的，考生们一般看到的也是这个标准。但是具体到某年的具体题目，各省的阅卷组还会制定更具体、更有针对性的评分细则。
比如，2017年高考语文阅卷组制定的评分细则是这样的——
(一)基础等级40分
1．内容项(20分)
涉及A题意、B中心、C内容、D思想、E感情
①一等(20～16分)
A．凡是所选关键词能够形成合理关联，呈现“中国形象'的某个方面者，均视为“符合题意'。
B．凡是紧紧围绕主题构思行文，可视为“中心突出”。
C．凡是材料丰富，能够充分表现主题，可视为“内容充实”。
D．凡是表达的思想倾向积极向上的作文，可视为“思想健康'。
E．凡是行文合情入理者，可视为“感情真挚”。
②二等(15～11分)
A．凡是所选关键词能够形成合理关联，呈现“中国形象”的某个方面者，均视为“符合题意”。
B．凡是能够围绕主题构思行文，可视为“中心明确”。
C．凡是所选材料能基本表达主题，可视为“内容较充实”。
D．凡是表达的思想倾向积极向上的作文，可视为“思想健康”。
E．凡是行文朴实、自然、不造作，可视为“感情真实”。
③三等(10～6分)
A．立足所选关键词，尚能呈现“中国形象”某个方面，但行文有所游离者，可视为“基本符合题意”。
B．尚有中心，但部分材料游离中心之外，可视为“中心基本明确”。
C．虽有一些材料，但不足以表现主题，可视为“内容单薄”。
D．凡是思想倾向基本符合道德规范的，可视为“思想基本健康”。
E．行文有造作痕迹，总体尚自然，可视为“感情基本真实”。
A．未能立足所给关键词，但能关涉到“中国形象”的某个方面，抓住材料的枝节意义来立意行文，可视为“偏离题意”。
B．没有一个明确的主题或脱离材料含义作文者，可视为“中心不明确”。
C．所选材料不能表现主题，可视为“内容不当”。
D．凡是思想观点有悖于现行法律和道德规范的，可视为“思想不健康”。
E．凡行文矫揉造作的，可视为“感情虚假”。
评分操作需注意：
①内容部分评分以A(题意)(注意：可以不引用原材料的文字)、B(中心)、C(内容为重点，全面衡量，综合入等量分。在此基础上，参照D(思想)、E(感情)两项在等内浮动。
②四等卷中，凡各项(ABCDE)均符合该等要求的，字数满800字者，在3～5分内给分。不是空白卷，不能给0分。
2．表达项(20分)
①一等(20～16分)
A．文体特征明显，可视为“符合文体要求”。
B．首尾呼应，文脉畅通，段落划分恰当，衔接紧凑，过渡自然，可视为“结构严谨”。
C．能够使用规范的现代汉语，用词准确，句与句之间衔接自然，旬式选择得当，可视为“语言流畅”。
D．书写规范，可视为“字迹工整”。
②二等(15～11分)
A．文体特征明显，可视为“符合文体要求”。
B．有头有尾，分段合理，可视为“结构完整”。
C．文从字顺，有1～2处语病，但不影响语意表达，可视为“语言通顺”。
D．字迹比较规范，容易辨认，可视为“字迹清楚”。
A.有文体杂糅痕迹，但尚能分辨出文体类型，可视为“基本符合文体要求”。
B.有头有尾，段落划分不够合理，可视为“结构基本完整”。
C.有3～4处语病，对语意表达并无很大影响，可视为“语言基本通顺”。
D.字迹不够规范，但尚能辨认，可视为“字迹基本清楚”。
④四等(5～0分)
A.不能辨别文体类型者，可视为“不符合文体要求”。
B.段落划分有严重缺欠，杂乱无章，可视为“结构混乱”。
C.语病达5处以上，影响了语意表达，可视为“语言不通顺”
D.字迹潦草，难以辨认，影响作文评阅，可视为“字迹潦草难辨”。
评分操作需注意：
①表达部分的评分：以A(文体)、C(语言)为重点，全面衡量，综合入等量分，在此基础之上，再参照B(结构)、D(字体)两项，在等内上下浮动。
⑦四等卷中。凡各项(ABCD)均符合该等要求的，字数满800字的，在3～5分内给分，不是空白卷，不能给0分。
(二)发展等级20分
①一等(20～16分)
内容上“深刻”，体现在三个方面：A．透过现象深入本质；B．揭示事物内在的因果关系；C.观点具有启发作用。
表现上“丰富”，体现在四个方面：A．材料丰富(不指数量多)；B．论据充足；c.形象丰满；D．意境深远。
语言上“有文采”，体现在四个方面：A．用词贴切；B．旬式灵活；C·善于运用修辞手法;D.文句有表现力。
写作思维上“有创意”，体现在五个方面：A．见解新颖；B．材料新鲜；C．构思新巧；D．推理、想象有独到之处；E．有个性特征。
②二等(15-11分)
较有文采：A．词语恰当；B．句式有变化；C．能适当运用修辞手法。
较有创意：A.见解正确；B．材料选择得当；C．想象合理；D．较有个性。
③三等(10-6分)
略显文采：A．词语较恰当；B．能够运用一些修辞手法。
略有创意：A．有一定想象力；B．有一定个性。
④四等(5～0分)
个别语句有深意，个别例子较好，个别语句较精彩，个别地方有新意。
评分操作需注意：
①发展等级评分，分解为四项16个评分点，不求全面，可根据其中的若干个突出点按等级评分。
②发展等级应根据相应的“评分标准”和“说明”要求评分，再参照“基础等级”的打分结果适当量分。
③基础等级的“内容”和“表达’’两项得分都在四等的，“发展等级”分只能在四等给分。
四、其他评卷问题
1．关于题目
试题要求“自拟标题”，缺标题者扣2分。
2．关于字数
试题要求“不少于800字”。不足字数，每少50字扣1分，最多扣5分。诗歌按行计算。
3.关于错别字
每3个错别字扣1分，重复的不计，最多扣3分。
4．关于标点错误
错3～5处扣1分，错6处以上扣2分。
5．关于没写完的作文
①主体已写出只是没有结尾的作文，仍按基础等级标准评分，也不影响发展等级的评分。
②主体未写出，或300字以内的(不包括300字)作文，在10分(包括10分)以下给分，直接记在“内容”栏中，其他三个给分栏记0分。
6．关于“文不对题”
凡是与材料的内容含义没有任何联系的作文，可视为“文不对题”。此类作文存10分（包括10分)以下给分，直接记在内容栏中，其他两个给分栏均记0。
7．关于套作与抄袭的作文
①没有自己的构思和立意，仅对原材料进行简单扩写演绎或对已有文章进行简单改写的，均视为套作。凡属于套作的作文，基础等级在三等(包括三等)以下适当评分，发展等级不给分。
②怀疑为抄袭的作文，需提供被抄袭的文章或准确线索。经确认后，此类作文基础等级在四等内给分，发展等级不给分。
8．关于有严重问题的作文
以下四项视为“有严重问题的作文”
①内容上有严重的政治倾向性错误。
②答卷雷同。
③前后笔迹不一致。
④有特殊标记。
（此类答卷由题组长提交学科领导组审核处理。）
五、补充细则
1．关于文不对题：所写文章与材料提供的内容无关，但只要提及了材料的只言片语，就不可视为文不对题。
2．关于发展等级，除了空白卷、文不对题、认定为套作的作文，发展等级一定不是0分，发展等级给分参照基础等级，不要跨等给分。
3.扣分一定要有依据：字数不足，一定要满50字(每行16个字，三行48个字)才能扣分。
1、重视过程完整，把握推理的严谨性
在历年高考学生的答卷上，可以发现许多学生知道试题的解答方法，可就是在解题的过程中丢三落四。
对于解答题，即使过程比较简单，也要简要地写出基本步骤，否则会被扣分。从卷面上反映，不少学生（尤其是优生）解题跨度大，影响得分。
在评卷过程中，评卷组老师有如下共识：①当合理与公平矛盾时，选择公平，即用评分细则处理试卷，即使不太合理，为了公平，也得遵守。如，某考生的解答题只给出了答案且正确，也要给一分（不管他是如何得到的）。
②保持学科特点，注重解题过程的严谨性。
应对策略：这就要求我们，要严格表达完整、推理严谨，注意答题的规范性，必不可少的步骤必须写出来，以减少扣分。要眼里有“过程”，并亲历“过程”。
2、抓好“三基”，侧重通性通法的落实
“三基”（“三基”即基础知识、基本技能和基本的思想方法）是一切学科能力的基础，离开基础去谈能力将是无源之水，无本之木。因此对“三基”的考查是历年高考的重头戏。多数试题考查的是学科基础知识和通性通法。
在改卷中我们发现学生在这方面的失分份量比较重。
例如，
数学概率统计题满分为12分，有3个小题，每小题4分，评分要求几乎一样，一共四个要求：①分析事件；②事件间关系与所用公式；③计算；
④结果。评分标准是每正确一项得1分。
又如，
很多考生把线面角公式、点到面公式写错（从卷面上看应该不排除有相当一部分是优生）。这样的失分让人感到惋惜。
再如，
简单题可用直观解法，只要我们平时对这样的通法予以重视，分数就可以垂手可得。
应对策略：由上面的例子，不难得出这样的结论，那就是最后冲刺要抓好基本知识、基本技能的训练、基本思想方法的渗透（仍是主线）。抓好基础就能得高分。
3、抓好思维过程的展示，侧重能力培养
在评卷过程中，阅卷老师都有这样的感受：思维比结果更重要，方法对了就可以得分。
例如
如果一开始计算出错了，而接下来解题的思维方法没有错的话，每小问仍可得分。在阅卷中发现有考生知道应该怎样解，就因为计算出错，做不出结果就把些题给划掉（自动放弃），失去得分的机会。
应对策略：正确的做法是，停止计算，并把后面的步骤或公式等等接着写出来，只有写出了得分点，老师才能给分。
数学思维能力，不但使解决数学问题有特殊的思维方法和技巧，而且具有向其他学科领域进行迁移的能力。
数学思维能力是在知识传授和学习过程中逐渐得到培养和发展的，需要正确地开发和引导。从高考改革的趋势来看，未来的高考试题会给思维能力强的学生留下充分施展才能的空间。
4、书写讲究整洁，表达要有条理
从评卷的强度可看出这一点的重要性。以文科立体几何题为例，评卷老师每天要评1600份左右的试卷，阅卷平均速度是18秒/份（大多数题目阅卷速度比阅立体几何题的速度要快）。网上阅卷的形式容易使阅卷老师产生视觉上的疲劳。在这么短的时间内，要给出一个正确判断，阅卷的办法主要是找得分点。若书写整洁，表达清楚，一定会得到合理或偏高一点的分数，若不规范就可能会吃点亏。因为某道题的得分是两个阅卷老师的平均分。
有这样一个很典型的例子，
在试评阶段，有一个考生的卷面糊涂，答案正确，评卷老师在忙乱之中误判为1分，另一老师恰好在旁边查看，发现此题解答竟然全对，只是写得不整洁，让人辨认起来确实吃力，应得12分。
试评阶段的评分虽然不会影响学生的得分。但这一例错判，可以看出这是学生表达不规范所致。谁也不能肯定，在正式阅卷时，两个老师都不会同时发生类似情况，这你可不能怪罪老师。由此可见，书写要整洁的重要性是不言而喻了。所以：字不一定写得好，但一定要写清楚，工整清洁很重要。
应对策略：高考评分的要求一般来说比较宽松。每问都是分步给分，可给可不给的分，一定要给。这就创造了给学生得分的机会。学生在作答时一定要有条理。在评卷过程中可以发现，当一题有几小题解答时，有的学生不标明小题号码，这样就会白白地丧失每问分步得分的机会。
5、统筹兼顾全局，合理支配时间
在制定评分细则时，为了更好地区分不同层次的学生，同时也提高全省的平均分，往往每题在开始几步判分非常宽松，最大限度地让学生得分。在高考卷面上不难看出有部分学生陷在某一个题目中，而其他的简单题却一笔未动，说明合理分配时间上出了问题。
例如，
只要判断正确，就可以给分；又如，列出等价不等式组也可得分等等。而得出这些结论对于中等生并不是难事，需要的时间也很短，得到的分数又不少。因此要会统筹兼顾全局，做好会做的题、得到应得分的分数。
应对策略：在考试中要学会主动放弃，及时验证。使用游击战术等策略也能够得到不少分。在高考阅卷中曾对数学选择题和填空题的平均分作过粗略的统计，发现选择和填空题的平均得分约占70%，所以对选择和填空题的强化训练是很有必要的。还要学会在考试时合理地分配做选择题和填空题的时间。
走出误区，我们就可以在高考中赢得时间、赢得分数。
误区之一：苛求格式，浪费精力，关注无关紧要的步骤
规范格式答题，无疑老师们一直在倡导。在平时考试训练中，过于苛求注意格式，有时也会影响学生答题速度和效率。
对策：比如，高考评分细则对概率统计题的要求是不需要进行文字说明的，只要计算过程与结果正确，就可以得满分。平时在解概率统计题时，强调文字表达是为了帮助学生学会审题。有的学生在已经学会思维方式后，就可以适当放宽要求，这样既可以增强学生学习数学的信心，也符合高考评分细则的要求，使学生从“做题型”向“得分型”转化。
误区之二：浪费时间，重复本不该重复的过程
在高考阅卷中，我们发现不少学生忙中出错，将答案写错位置。如将18题答案写在19题答案处，而19题答案写在18题答案处。学生发现写错
了后，会将写好的解答过程涂掉，再重写，如此一来，耽误的时间可想而知。
对策：其实高考评分时并不是这样。阅卷老师如果看到这类情况会记载下来，作为问题试卷交阅卷题目组组长处理，该得多少分还是会得多少分。
万一高考出现这样的问题，且时间不够时，应注明该题是那一题的答案，本题答案答在何处。切勿盲目否定，浪费时间，重复本不该重复的过程。
误区之三：环节脱链，高考意识不浓
优秀源于习惯。但是，习惯的养成却不是一朝一夕就能达到的，需要有一个过程。这个过程也可以说是一个高考意识的过程，在我们的高考意识中，还没有把习惯性行为导致的出错认为是一件大事，例如，有人会说我就是马虎了，不然的话，……，这样一来，似乎马虎还成了一种值得骄傲的本钱（其潜台词不外乎就是：我还是很不错的，我还是……）。所以，在高考试卷中随处可见学生习惯性致错的例子。
高考，细节决定成败！
（全文由Peter编制） 2016年高考试题分项解析之专题----短文改错 1.【2016·全国新课标I】短文改错（10 分） My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that 1 live .Though not very big ,but the restaurant is popular in our area .It is always crowded with customers at meal times .Some people even had to wait outside My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in the short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our business will grow steady. 2.【2016·全国新课标II】短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分） The summer holiday is coming. My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday. We can chose between staying at home and take a trip. If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money. But in that case, we will learn little about world. If we go on a trip abroad, we can broaden you view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. I thought that it is a good idea. It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot. 3.【2016·全国新课标III】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me . They were also the best and worse years in my life . At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by yourself. However, my parents didn’t seem to think such. They always tell me what to do and how to do it. At one time , I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. Now I am leaving home to college. At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.
高三英语短文改错专项训练(每日一篇） (1) Last Sunday I saw the worst storm in years. It came sudden and went on for over three hours. After lunch, I went into my room to have a rest. The air was hotter, and all is quiet. Then a strong wind started to blow into my room. Pieces of paper on my desk flew high into the air and some flew out the open window. As I ran out to catch them, big drop of rain began to fall. When I came back into house, it was raining harder and harder. I tried very hard to close the window. Then I heard a loudly crashing(碰撞的)sound from the back of the house. When I ran out to find that a big tree had fallen down and broke the top of the back room. (2) I have been planning to join in our college basketball team next year, so now I am spending as more time as I can with other people who likes to play. They are teaching me the most important rules and technologies of the game, and I am getting the better all the time. We have a neighborhood team that play against other teams in the area. One of my neighbors is helping rest of us improved our skills. Tonight we are playing against one of the best teams in the city, and I think we can beat them if we won't make any mistakes. (3) Fang Tong is 34 years old, an actor, director and teacher of Beijing Opera Theater. Most of his students are from other part of China and have come to Beijing at a very young age of sixteen or seventeen. He hopes create an environment for his students that it is much more relaxing than the one he used to study in. He thought that an actor should relax himself when performing. Yet his students deep respect him and he never needs to raise his voice in order to be hearing. For his opinion, actors should go on even when they feel they have made a mistake in their performances because the moment is already gone but people can never be back to it. . . So art is always changing and
第二部分题型专项短文改错 一、考点聚焦 1、题型特点 （1）词法内容。包括名词、代词的数与格，反身代词，动词时态语态，非谓语动词、短语动词的用法，不规则动词的变化形式，形容词的比较级，形容词副词的区别，介词的误用等。 （2）句法内容。包括主谓一致、指代一致，并列连词，从属连词等引导各种从句的关联词语，感叹句，疑问句，祈使句的结构等。 （3）行文逻辑。包括句子的肯定、否定、推理、判断等。 二、应试技巧点拨 （1）通读全文，了解文章主旨大意，确定文章的题材、体裁，把握文章的背景知识。 （2）逐句分析，把握结构。粗略分析词法、句法、逻辑上是否有问题。 （3）逐行修改，先易后难。 （4）复读全文，验证答案。一要注意错误点的分散与比例，二要注意答题是否合乎规范。 2、改错歌诀 现将本书编写者总结的短文改错歌诀提供给大家，希望有所帮助。 短文改错要做好，常见类型应记牢。 名词爱考“数”与“格”，冠词在前“错”“多”“少”。 动词时态和语态，非谓语搭配莫错了。 连代形副错一样，多是故意来混淆。 介词多半搭配，多漏误用想周到。 句法涉及到“一致”①，从句多考关系词。 词法句法均未错，逻辑推理去寻找。 “1126”惯常比②，回读复查敲定稿。 注：①“一致”：包括主谓一致，代词及相应的限定词在数、性、称方面的一致，主语与主语补语，宾语和宾语补语的一致等。②“1126”：指的是通常10个题项有一处是正确的，一处（或两处）属多余，两处（或
1. __________ 2. __________ 3. __________ 4. __________ 5. __________ 6. __________ 7. __________ 8. __________ 9. __________ 10. _________ 1. __________ 2. __________ 3. __________ 4. __________ 5. __________ 6. __________ 7. __________ 一处）需补加成分，6处需更改。当然，此非“定势”，仅作参考。 三、精典范例 例1 （NMET 2000） The day before the speech contest （比赛）English teacher talked to me. She saide that she and my schoolmate all wished me success, but it didn’t matter that I would win or not. When I was on the stage the next day, I felt so nervous as I shook like a leaf. There were so many people present! Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd. She was smiling but nodding at me. I remembered her words and calm down, I did a good jobm and won the first prize. Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library. Whenever I see them I will often think of my English teacher. 解析 1. my English 。该题考查代词，绝大部分考生知道English teacher 前少一个词语，但很多人都误加上了our, an 或the,而后面两次出现my English teacher ，因而本题实际考查学生对文章内容的理解。 2. schoolmate → schoolmates 。schoolmate 应为复数形式。 3. that → whether 。whether 与后面的or not 相呼应。 4. 正确。 5. as → that 。把as 改成that ，组成so … that 结构。 6. a 去掉。catch sight of 是固定短语。 7．but → and 。意义的转折用but,意思并列用and 。 8. calm → calmed 。remembered 和calmed 是对应的。 9. is → are 。主语用and 连接，谓语动词用are 。 10. often 去掉。often 多余。 【例2】（2004年全国卷I ） Dear Ralph, I’m a newcomer here of a small town. I would describe myself as shy and quietly. Before my classmates, it seems always difficult for me to do things well as them. I’m sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool. So I feel unhappy every day.
2019年高考英语短文改错真题汇编 (精选全国2018年考试真题，后附名师解析答案) (精绝精品资料，掌握真题考点，值得下载打印练习) 一、改错题（共3题；共15分） 1.（2018?卷Ⅰ）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处语言错误，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）,并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词 注：⒈每处错误及其修改仅限一词； ⒉只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分 During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed. 【答案】①I went to countryside的to后面加the; ②I find a big change there的find改为found;
Last week my parents and I took a two-days trip to Emei Mountain in Sichuan. As every one knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. The weather was fine. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain. The three of them were very excited. As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. Evening came down. We spent the night in a hotel at the top of the mountain. The food was expensive and the service was good. I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. （二） Many teachers worry about the effects of television with young people. According to studies, many children spend more time watching television than they spend in school. Because so much viewing, children may not be develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves. No one worries much about the radio program young people listen to, although radios can be very noise. Teachers also wonder about the effects of television commercials. On one year the average child will see 25,000 television commercials, all planned and written by grown-ups to make children to want things that they don't real need. （三） I’m the captain o f our school team so with my fellow players we’ve won sever al games. There will an important game next month. But one of the best player in our team told me just then that he wouldn’t play basketball once more. His parents asked him to spend in more time preparing for the college entrance examination. I feel sorry to him. But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports and college was the only place for a smart boy like his son. So my friend had no choice. He wanted to make their parents happy. (四) When I first learned to write English, I ran into many difficulties . The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English. My teacher advised me to keep my diary. I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day. Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English .One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher .She liked it very much and reads it to the class .All said the story was a good one. Their word were a great encouragement to me. （五） Dear Ralph, I’m a newcomer here of a small town. I would describe myself as shy and quietly. Before my classmates, it seems always difficult for me to do things as well them. I'm sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool. So I feel happy every day. Besides, I have few friends. I don't know that they don't like to talk with me. Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class, but after class we become stranger at once. I am trying to improve the situation since it doesn’t seem to work. Can you tell me about what I should do? Yours, Xiao Wei
高考英语短文改错 常见错误类型 高考英语改错题是考生感到棘手的题型之一。笔者对近几年的高考英语改错题作了细致的分析并加以归类后，发现错误类型主要集中在以下方面。（例题保留原题号） 1. 动词时态 每年都有时态错误的小题，而且改动基本集中在一般过去时与一般现在时之间。时态的更改要以上下文的主体时态为依据。 （1）（2003全国卷）She liked it very much and reads it to the class. All said the story was... 84. read （and连接并列谓语） （2）（2004江苏卷）At once I apologize and controlled myself... 83. apologized （and连接并列谓语） （3）（2004全国卷）Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class,... 82. talk （根据sometimes可判断此句为一般现在时） （4）（2005全国卷Ⅱ）I will write again and send you the photos we take together. 85. took （把照片寄给你，应该是已经拍好的，用过去时） （5）（2005全国卷Ⅰ）There are advantage for students to work while studying at school. One of them was that they can earn money. 77. is （从上下文判断，应该是现在时，谓语用is） （6）（2005江苏卷）We named him Jack and keep him for about three years. 76. kept （and连接并列谓语） 2. 名词单复数 单复数互改是高考英语改错题的基本题型之一，改动的依据有：一是根据名词前的修饰限定成份；二是根据上下文的逻辑关系。 （1）（2003全国卷）Their word were a great encouragement to me. 85. words （是把word改为words 还是把were改为was，根据名词前的修饰限定词their来决定。） （2）（2004江苏）that was a dinner we had waited for several month. 85. months （several修饰复数名词） （3）（2004全国卷Ⅰ）a few minute on the Internet. 77. minutes （a few修饰复数名词） （4）（2005全国卷Ⅱ）But one and a half year later. 79. years （one and a half意思为一年半，故判断此处year应为复数形式） （5）（2005全国卷Ⅰ）There are advantage for students to work... 76. advantages （从there are 判断应该用名词复数） 3. 句子结构 句子结构方面的错误范围庞大，解答高考英语改错题主要可以从以下几方面来思考：1）句子结构是否完整，成份是否冗缺；2）单词的词性与其在句中的功能是否相符；3）主谓一致；4）复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等。 （1）（2004 全国卷）I won’t be able to meet you at the airport although I have classes in the afternoon. 78. because/as （复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词运用不当） （2）（2004 全国卷Ⅱ）I don’t know that they don’t like to talk with me. 81. why （复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词运用不当） （3）（2005全国卷Ⅰ）For the most part, students working to earn money for their own use. 78. work （缺谓语动词） （4）（2005全国卷Ⅰ）Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything if they like. 79. allows （主语是动名词短语Earning their own money，谓语应该用单数） （5）（2005江苏卷）But the most wonderful thing about Jack were his musical ability. 84. was
Nearly five years before,and with the help by our father,my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果)in our back garden.Since then—for all these year—we had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.As result,the plants are growing somewhere.The fruits are small in size,but juicy and taste.There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors.Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year,but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems.We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost! （2014课标2） My dream school starts at 8:30 a.m.and ends at 3:30 p.m.They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon.We didn’t need to do so many homework.Therefore,we have more time with afte r-school activities.For example,we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day. My dream school look like a big garden.There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.We can lie on the grass for a rest,or sat by the lake listening music.The teachers here are kind and helpfully.They are not only our teachers but also our friends.
2019高考英语短文改错专题 (名师剖析解题思路与技巧+实战训练，建议下载练习) 一．改错题型特点： 高考短文改错是知识和能力的综合测试题型。主要考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语知识的准确性及词、句、篇和语法的综合水平。高考短文改错设置的考点灵活多变，知识层次多，覆盖面广，包括词法、句法、行文逻辑以及语篇结构等，是一种在较高层次上考查考生对英语知识的掌握和语言综合运用能力的测试题型。 二．短文改错常见考点设置： 考点1：名词 命题特点: 本来用复数,却用单数；本来用单数，却用复数。 记住常考的几个不可数名词：news, work(工作), advice, fun, progress, information, luck, weather, music, health, change(零钱),baggage(行李), luggage(行李),furniture, jewellery, equipment等 改正方法: (1)根据名词前的修饰限定成份(2)根据上下文的逻辑关系. 1. She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success. 2. After class we become stranger at once. 3. They want me to devote all my time to my studies so that I’ll get marks in all my subject. 4. On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful. 5. There are advantage for students to work while studying at school. 6. Now we can get millions of informations from the Internet. 7. He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests. 8. She is one of the most intelligent girl in our class. 9. I looked at his other hands. 10. Most of them are peasant and some often go fishing in the sea. 11. We have made great progresses with Mr. Liu teaching us. 12. Head teacher Guy Holloway said the new rules should help students get higher grade. 13. He was tall, with broad shoulder and a beard that turned from black toward gray over the years. 14. He’s getting married next month and decides to buy some furnitures.
2020年高考英语短文改错典型试题专项突破终极版（共10篇）含答案解析 1 A few days before, I saw an interesting program on TV. It was about the problem of the traffic in our cities. It seemed that a great deal of damage had done by traffic. But now our cities are still suffered from riffs problem. Some buildings are actually falling to piece. It is often faster to walk than to go by car or bus, The problem has been getting worse for long time. This is only one problem among thousands others in our cities. All sorts of terrible things have happened with our cities. And the biggest question is “What can we do about it?”Our roads have ever been designed for such a heavy traffic. Key：1．将before改为ago。before用于过去完成时，ago用过去时。2．去掉traf-fic 前的冠词the。traffic指车辆。为不可数名词。3．had后加been。为被动语态。4．suffered 改为suffedng。为进行时。5．pmce改为pmces。fall to pieces倒塌。6．正确。7．在long 之前加。a。for a long time为固定用法。8．在to。thousands后加of。thousands of为惯用法，表示“数千的”。9．将with改为To。happen to为固定用法。10．根据句意将ever改为nevcr。 2 Most Americans don’t like to get advices from melnbers of tbelr famlly. When they are in a trouble and need advice, they write letters for newspapers or magazincs. Most newspapers print letters from readers with problems. Along with the Ietters there have answers written by people who are was first grown in which is now part of the United States. Columbus, Who discovered America, saw the Indians smoking. Soon the drying leaves were transported to Europe where smoking began to catch on. At the late 1800s, the Turks made cigarettes popular. Smoking cigarettes is danger. The US Public Health Service stated that the smoking cigarettes is the reason of lung cancer and several other deadly diseases. The US government now requires that each package of cigarettes bears a special warning against the danger of smoking. Key: 1. 在for后加a。for a long time很久。2. 将that改为which。为非限制性定语从句。 3. which改为that。为名词性从句，“就是在现在美洲的地方”。 4. 正确。 5. drying改为dried。意为“晒干的”。 6. At改为In。在……年代用in。 7. dan-ger改为dangerous。 8. 去掉smoking 前的the。动名词做主语。 9. reason改为cause。reason理由，cause导致……的原因，起因。 10. bears改为bear。require后的宾语从句应用should+动词的虚拟结构，should可省略。 3
2008高考英语复习短文改错的题型及要求 短文改错是单句改错，单项填空，阅读理解和书面表达的综合，是全面考察学生的英语基础知识和灵活运用语言能力的测试题型。比较其它题型来说，增大测试难度，对学生提出了更高的要求，对于考生的基本功是一个严峻的考验，对于中学的英语教学的基本功训练也是一个有力的挑战。短文改错共10小题，10行左边标有题号。要求考生判断是否有错，如有错误则将其改正。错误的类型包括词法，句法，语篇结构，行文逻辑等。因此要求考生不仅要掌握词汇，语法方面的良好的语言基础知识，还要具有在词义，词性，词型，句型，用法结构方面一定的语言综合能力。短文改错题是难度最大的一个考题，因为这种考题要求考生判断和改正错误，而这种错误又是一般人在学习英语中最容易犯的错误，并且很难觉察。在学习中模棱两可，似是而非，一知半解的状况普遍存在。所以，在学习和复习英语时，要注意养成良好的学习习惯。 短文改错的特点 1。没有现成的答案可供选择，判断的依据只有短文本身。这就意味着，题目本身在内容上应该是完整的。既然内容完整正确，那么其中的错误一般只会涉及语言形式。 2。是否有错，错在那里，范围很大。这就要求考生对英语句子各个层次的结构和词语的拼写形式了如指掌。 3。错误一般只涉及一个词，多一词，少一词，或错一词。 短文改错的解题思路 做短文改错题的思路，即从那里来寻找错误，可归纳为以下几个方面： 1。主谓是否一致。 2。代词的指代是否明确恰当。 3。动词的时态是否正确，语态是否得当。 4。句型和固定搭配是否准确无误。 5。同义词，近义词，易混词是否用得确切。 6。语序是否正确。 7。句与句，段与段的承接词用得是否正确。 短文改错的解题方法
高考英语短文改错新题型 下面短文中共有10处错误，错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在此符号下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分 Passage 1 It was 7:15 in the morning of February 8, 2007．?I was walking along Park Road towards the east while?an old man came out of the park on the other sides of the???street．Then I saw a yellow car drive up Third Street and made?a right turn into Park Road．The next moment the car hit?the man while she was crossing the road．He fell with a cry．?The car didn’t stop and drive off at full speed heading west．?I noticed the driver was young woman wore a pair of glasses and the plate?number was AC864．After two minutes later, I stopped?a passed car and took the old man to the nearest hospital．???????????????????????? Passage 2 I often quarrel about my mother over whether I can watch TV after school. She holds view that senior three students have to make fully use of every minute to work hard at their lessons. It seems to me that once I am allo wed to do that, I’ll unable to control myself and forget all about my study. She also thinks it is bad for my eye. But I really can’t accept her ideas. In my opinion, watch TV can set my mind at rest after a day’s hard works. Besides, it is important for u s to know what had happened at home and at abroad. Thus, we shouldn’t be forbidden to watch TV. Passage 3 Dear sir, Last year I buy a refrigerator in your store on Chang An road. We all like shape of the refrigerator. And recently I find something is wrong with it. It begins to make noise when it turned on. At first it is low but gradually it become louder and louder. To make the matter worse, it even stops working sometimes. We all feel disappointing. I am writing you to ask for help. Would you please send a people to repair it I will at home this weekend. Please call me before you come to here. My telephone number is . Thanks you very much.