英语动词的基本形式及练习
一、概述
动词(verb)是表示动作或状态的词。如：表示动作的动词go,do,write,work,like,enter等；表示状态的动词be,keep,feel,sound 等。
二、动词的分类
1、单个动词和短语动词
根据构词方式，动词分为单个动词和短语动词。
（1）单个动词；由一个单词构成。如；come, go, brush, hope, need等。
If anybody calls, tell them I’m out, and ask them to leave their name and address. 如果有人打电话，告诉他我出去了，请他留下姓名和地址。
The taxi driver often reminds passengers to take their belongings when they leave the car. 出租汽车司机提醒顾客临下车时带走他们的物品。
－Do you think the Stars will beat the Bulls? 你认为明星队会打败公牛队吗？
－Yes. They have better players, so I expect them to win. 会的。他们有更好的队员，所以我预料他们会赢。
They watched the train until it disappeared in the distance. 他们注视着火车直到消失在远方。All the leading newspapers reported the trade talks between China and the United States. 各大主要报纸都报道了中美两国贸易谈判的消息。
（2）短语动词：由两个或两个以上单词构成。短语动词常有以下几种组合：
①动词+副词
动词+away, back, out, ahead, forward, aside, up, on, over, off等构成的动词短语，如：set up, put on, give up, bring out, make out等。
“及物动词+副词”相当于一个及物动词；如果其宾语是名词，则既可插在动词和副词之间。也可放在副词后面；若其宾语为人称代词，则须把宾语置于动词和副词之间，其后必须有宾语。常见的短语：back up支持，blow up炸毁，call off取消，bring up抚养，cut off切断carry out执行，give away送掉，分发，放弃，泄露，出卖，让步，陷下，find out 查明，hand in上交，give up放弃，look up查找，hand out分发，make up构成，make out认出，point out指出，pick up拣起，put forward 提出，put off取消，ring up打电话，put on穿上，set off出发，see off送行，set up建立，set aside 留出，宣告无效，take off脱下，take in吸收，受骗
“不及物动词+副词”相当于一个不及物动词，这种动词结构不能接宾语，也不用于被动语态。常见的短语：
break down毁掉，制服，压倒，停顿，倒塌，中止，come to 苏醒，die away逐渐消失，drop out 退出，give in让步，grow up长大，knock off停工，look out当心，pass away去世，run out 耗尽，show off炫耀，turn up出现，fall through失败，fall out争吵，pass out死，不复存在，blow over 结束，come off成功，look up改进，有起色，come out开花，make off逃跑，fall back后退，make up 和好，fall off下降，catch on理解，pull up停下,crop up 发生，出现
We thought the matter over.
或：We thought over the matter.我仔细考虑过这个问题。
She put it on and went out.她穿上它出去了。
而不能：She put on it and went out.
News reports say peace talks between the two countries have brok en down with no agreement reached. 有消息报道那两个国家的和平谈判没达成任何协议而失败。
We didn’t plan our art exhibition like that but it worked out very well. 我们原本没有计划那样搞艺展，但效果不错。
Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to go out.没人注意到小偷溜进房子因为恰巧灯熄了。
She looked up his number in the phone book to make sure that she had got it right. 她在电话簿里查看他的号码来核实她的号码是否准确。
It is wise to have some money put away for old age. 为晚年存点钱是明智的。
I can hardly hear the radio. Would you please turn it up? 我听不到收音机的声音，请你把音量调
大点。
②动词+介词
动词+at, for, from, into, of, to , with等，构成的动词短语总是介词型的。这类动词相当于一个及物动词，宾语只能放在介词后面，不能放在动词与介词之间。常见的短语：
act on按……采取行动， account for 说明，apply for申请，amount to 等于，believe in信仰，attend to关照，break through冲破，break into闯入，come across遇见，consist of由……组成，deal with对付，处理，do without废除，improve upon改进，insist on坚持，complain of(about)抱怨，look after照料，look into 调查，object to反对，operate on手术，read of 读到，approve of赞成，满意，dream of梦到，conceive of想象，add to增加，adjust to适应，admit to承认，allow for允许，agree on(with, to)同意，aim at瞄准，argue about争辩，arrange for安排，ask for要求，call on 访问，agree on对...达成协议；对...取得一致意见，care for喜欢，concentrate on集中，contribute to贡献，hear of(about)听说，hope for 希望，insist on 坚持，listen to听，work on从事于, 致力于， go over复习，speak of说起， think about考虑，think of考虑，关心，想起， refer to查阅，提到，谈到，打听，break into破门而入，侵占，rely on依靠，provide for 提供，pay for付款，live on靠……生存等。
We are thinking of going to France. 我们考虑到法国去。
The teacher told us to look at the blackboard. 老师叫我们看黑板。
③动词+副词+介词
这类结构的短语动词相当于一个及物动词。常见的短语： catch up with 赶上，go in for从事，come down with患病，look down upon轻视，date back to追溯到，look up to 尊敬，get away with 逃避惩罚，keep away from，避免，get along with/get on with，与……相处 break away from脱离，stand up for包围，支持，go on with 继续，put up with忍受，live up to 不负于，实现，sit in on旁听，look forward to期望，watch out for 留神，make up for补偿，check up on核对，调查，run out of用光，come in for得到，受到，check out of 付账离开，drop out of 推出，get away with 成功，逃避，fill in for代替，get through理解，打通电话，come up to 达到，符合，listen in to 听广播，get back at报仇，hold on to 抓住，keep up with跟上，come up with得出，get through with完成，cut down on减少，read up to 专攻，研究，do away with废除，break in on打扰，get down to认真从事，look in on访问，看望，face up to 面对， look out for警惕，turn out for 出席等。
We thought of selling this old furniture. But we’ve decide d to hold on to it. It might be valuable.
我们本想把旧家具卖掉，可是我们还是决定继续保留下它。这家具说不定挺值钱的。
We will live up to what our parents expect of us.我们决不辜负父母亲对我们的期望。
I can't put up with your hypocrisy any more. 我再也不能容忍你的虚伪态度了。
④动词+名词（+介词）
这类短语动词相当于及物动词，需要跟宾语，既可以作谓语动词，也可以作非谓语动词，这类短语动词大多可以构成被动语态，而且常有两种构成方式：把短语动词中的名词作为被动语态的主语；把短语动词
后的介词宾语作为被动语态的主语。
常见的短语：catch sight of看见，draw one’s attention吸引……注意力，get rid of摆脱，make much of重视，keep an eye on留意，lay foundation for为……打基础，make fun of取笑，keep pace with赶上，make use of利用，lay hold of抓住，pay attention to注意，lay emphasis(stress) on 强调，take care of照顾，make a mess of 弄糟，take part in 参加，make mention of 提到，find fault with 挑毛病，make a fool of愚弄，give rise to引起，set fire to放火，lose sight of 看不见，make friends with交友，take account of考虑，put an end to 结束，take head of 注意，take advantage of利用，take hold of抓住，take notice of注意到，take exception of开除等。These houses were set fire to by the enemy soldiers.那些房子被敌军放火烧了。
Take care of the pence and the pounds will take care of themselves.节约便士, 英镑自然会积累起来。
To this he didn’t pay the slightest attention.这件事一点也没有引起他的注意。
⑤be+形容词+介词：
be sure of(about)确定，be fond of喜欢， be used to习惯， be worthy of值得等。
He is fond of music.他喜欢音乐。
I have been used to the life her.我已经习惯这里的生活了。
2、行为动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词
从其含义来分，动词可分为行为动词(notional verb)、连系动词(link verb)、情态动词(modal verb)和助动词(auxiliary verb)四类:
（1）行为动词：有完整的意义，能独立作谓语的动词。
①及物动词
及物动词可以有宾语，可以由被动语态，如make, build, open等。
Watch him and then try to copy what he does．注意观看他，然后试着照他做的去做。
As we joined the big crowd I got separated from my friends. 当我们进入人群时，我和我的朋友被分开了。
I don't know the restaurant, but it's said to be quite a good one. 我不了解那家饭店，但据说是一家很好的饭店。
I rang the bell.我按了铃。
②不及物动词
Let Harry play with your toys as well , Clare —you must learn to share. 让哈里斯也玩你的玩具，克莱尔，你必须学会分享。
She ran faster than him.她比他跑得快。
-What did you think of her speech? 你认为她的讲演怎么样？
-She spoke for one hour but didn't say much. 她讲了一小时，但并没说出多少（事）。
③动作动词
a.活动动词
这类动词表示各种活动，可用于进行时态，如：do, play, ask, drink, rain等。
The children were playing with a ball. 孩子们在玩球。
Would you like sth. to drink? 你想喝点什么吗？
b.过程动词
这类动词表示情况的改变，可用于进行时态，如turn, become, grow, change等。
This design of resident buildings is becoming / getting fashionable.这种住宅楼的设计正在逐渐流行起来。
Nothing will change him, and he will always be the same.什么也改变不了他,他始终是那个样子。
注意：非延续性动词不能同表示一段时间的状语连用。
He has joined the club for a long time.(误)
He has been a member of the club for a long time.他加入俱乐部很长时间了。（正）
④状态动词
状态动词表示非活动性的静止状态，不用于进行时态。但这些动词如果转义成为动态动词时可以用进行时态。
a.感官动词
see, feel, hear, taste, smell等，这类动词表示不自觉的、无意义的活动。
I see a picture on the wall.我看见墙上有一幅画。
I heard a loud noise. 我听见一声巨响。
b.心理、情感、状态动词
believe, consider, desire, dislike, doubt, forget, fear, hate, hope, imagine, know, like, love, mind, object, prefer, remember, suppose, think, understand, want, wish, worship, assume, care, envy, expect, regret, feel(=think), find, mean, notice, interest等，不用进行时。
Mr. Smith was believed to be an accessory to the murder.史密斯被认为是该谋杀案的同犯。
I hope that fortune may smile upon you.我希望幸运之神会向你微笑。
I regret to say I cannot come. 很抱歉，我不能来了。
c.拥有、关系动词
belong to , consist of, contain, cost, deserve, equal, observe, fit, hold, equal, include, involve, lack, matter, need, owe, own, remain, require, apply, to, differ, stand for, have, exist, depend on, benefit from等，不用于进行时态。
That book belongs to me. 那本书属于我。
The United kingdom includes Northern Ireland and Wales.联合王国包括北爱尔兰和威尔士。
He holds an important position at the bank. 他在这家银行里担任一个重要的职务。
My husband and I hold conflicting opinions on this matter.对于这件事,我和丈夫的意见相左。
⑤心理使动词
所谓心理使动词是指那些使人产生某种心理反应、心理活动的动词。这类动词大都有“使”的意思，但不是使役动词，是表示使人感到怎样，使之产生某种（喜悦、恐怖、沮丧等）心理活动。主语一般是物(偶尔可以是人)，宾语只能是人；均有-ed和-ing形式，可以作定语和表语，动词的-ed形式作定语和表语时，主语或被其修饰的此应是表示人的名词。-ing形式作定语和表语时，主语或被其修饰的词应是表示物的名词；被动语态中，使动者多由at, with, in about引导；-ed和-ing形式状态意味强，有些已经形容词化了，能用rather, more, very, quite等副词修饰，且同feel, seem等动词连用。
a.表示激动、喜悦、满意
excite, thrill, flatter, fascinate, encourage, delight, please, strike, satisfy, interest 等。
She was flattered at the invitation.受到邀请她受宠若惊。
The story about a hero excited the little boys very much.那个英雄的故事使小男孩们兴奋不已。
b. 表示惊讶、困惑
puzzle, frighten, bewilder, surprise, shock, horrify, confuse, astonish, upset, disappoint,
amaze
This letter puzzles me. 这封信使我迷惑不解.
His anger surprised me - I had thought he was a calm person.他的愤怒使我很惊讶，我原来以为他是个冷静的人。
c.表示烦躁、厌恶
bore, distress, worry, depress, bother, annoy, irritate, trouble, tire
I'm bored with this job. 我对这件工作厌烦了。
The complexities of life bothered me.生活的杂乱事儿使我心烦。
（2）连系动词
连系动词本身有词义，但须与表语结合充当谓语动词。
①连系动词有三种词汇意义
a.表示某种持续的状态
常用词：rest, stand, lie, continue, keep, stay, burn等。
Keep quiet， please! 请安静！
The same remark stands good.这句话同样有效。
How can you stay so cool, calm and collected after such a hot argument?这样一场激烈的争论过后，你怎么还能保持如此心平气和,镇静自若?
b.表示具有某种性质、特征和出于某种状态。
常用词：sit, smell, live, sound, mean, feel, seem, appear, taste, awake, remain, stand等。
I love to go to the seaside in summer. It feels good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea. 夏天我喜欢到海边去，躺在阳光下或在凉爽的海水里游泳我感到无比愉快。
The man seemed ill. 这个人好像病了。
c.表示动词的动作和过程所产生的结果或状态。
常用动词：go, grow, prove, turn, fall, become, come, turn out等。
His wishes have come true.他的愿望变成了现实。
She became a doctor after graduation.毕业后她当了一名医生。
②系动词的五种语法结构
a.系动词+形容词
常用词：come, sound, look, feel, smell, fall, sit, turn, remain, taste, keep, prove, grow, go, seem, stand, 等。
The bread has gone bad.面包坏了。
This tea tastes sweet.这茶的味道很香。
b.系动词+名词
常用词：seem, prove, remain, become, turn, fall等。
Peter became a judge but John remained a fisherman. 彼得当了法官，但约翰仍然是个渔民。
He turned teacher.他当老师了。（turn跟名词作表语，名词前不加冠词）
c.系动词+分词
常用词：come, become, get, feel, look, prove, seem, appear, grow, pass, remain, get 等。
He looked worried today.今天她看上去很着急。
He became very excited.他很激动。
④系动词+介词短语
常用词：sound, appear, smell, keep, prove, remain等。
I went to the city, but my brother remained at home. 我去了城市，可弟弟留在了家里。
The man appeared at ease.那个人看上去很安逸。
⑤系动词+副词
常用词：keep, prove, continue等。
They kept together in the struggle.他们在战斗中紧密团结。
The girl flushed up at the words.那个姑娘听到这些话后脸红了。
（3）情态动词：表示说话人对所说行为的看法，必须与其他动词一起构成谓语。详见第十四章情态动词部分。
（4）助动词：助动词本身没有意义，不能独立作谓语，必须与其他动词一起构成谓语。表现于否定、疑问、强调以及时态、语态、语气、人称和数等特征。详见第十四章助动词和情态动词部分。
3、谓语动词和非谓语动词
根据动词在句中能否作谓语，可分为谓语动词和非谓语动词。
（1）谓语动词：能在句子中作谓语，并有人称和数的变化。
I love our country.我爱我们的国家。
He is a teacher.他是一位教师。
（2）非谓语动词：有不定式、动词的-ing和动词-ed形式三种，在句子中不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化。详见第十三章。
三、动词的基本形式
英语动词本身具有四种基本形式，即现在时形式（present tense form）、过去时形式（past tense form）、过去分词形式（past participle form）和现在分词形式（present participle form）。
1、现在时形式
现在时形式包括动词原形和动词的单数第三人称（-s/-es）形式。
（1）动词原形即前面不带to的动词不定式形式。如：be， get， study， love等
（2）动词单数第三人称（-s/-es）形式，即当主语是第三人称单数时，动词的几种形式。如：helps， makes，leaves等。具体变化规则及构成如下表：
2、动词的过去时形式和过去分词形式
分为规则[-ed]和不规则两种。规则动词（regular verb）的过去式和过去分词的构成是在动词原形后加-ed，
其构成规则及变化如下：
个别双音节动词，尽管重音在第一个音节，但也要双写末尾的辅音字母，然后再加-ed。
travel-travelled， total-totalled， level-levelled. 但请注意，美国英语不双写。travel-traveled.
至于不规则动词的过去式和过去分词的构成是不规则的，必须熟记。
3、动词的v-ing形式
由动词原形词尾加-ing构成。其构成方法如下表：
（1）动词结尾为辅音字母r时，加-ing ，r在此必须发音。
enter['ent ] —entering['int riη]
answer['a:ns ]—answering['a:ns riη]
（2）send， think， accept等动词是闭音节或重读闭音节结尾，但词尾有一个以上的辅音字母，这个辅音字母不双写，应直接加-ing，如：sending， thinking， accepting。
（3）少数以-ie结尾的动词，需将-ie变为-y，再加-ing。
die—dying tie—tying lie—lying
四、一些常见词与词组的比较
1、see, look; hear, listen
see和hear是感官动词，表示一种不自觉、无意识的感觉，人们有视力就能看见（see）,有听力就能听见（hear）.see 和hear一般不用于进行时中。look 和listen时动作动词，表示的是有意识的动作，
强调“看”和“听”的两个动作，不表示“看”和“听”的结果。
We looked but saw nothing.我们看了, 可是什么也没看到。
We listened but we heard nothing.我们听着,但什么也没听见。
2、look, gaze, stare, glare, peek, peer
look, gaze, stare, glare, peek, peer都含“看”的意思。
look是常用词, 指“注意或有意识地看”
The teacher told us to look at the blackboard.老师叫我们看黑板。
gaze指“由于惊讶、好奇、喜悦、同情或感兴趣而目不转睛地看”
What are you gazing at?你在凝视什么?
stare指“睁大眼睛、目不转睛地盯着看”
It's rude to stare at people.盯着看人不礼貌。
glare指由于“羡幕、恐惧、惊讶或愚蠢而用恐吓、凶狠或愤怒的眼光看”
He glared at her.他向她瞪眼。
peek指“偷看”、“通过孔隙窥视”
You must not peek while you are counting in such games as hide-and-seek.象捉迷藏一类游戏中, 你数数时绝对不能偷看。
peer指“细看”
He was peering down the well.他细看下面的井。
3、lay和lie
Japan lies to the east of China.日本位于中国的东部。
He was lying in the shade of the tree. 他正躺在树荫下。
I'm sorry I lied to you. 我很抱歉向你撒了谎。
Don't lay your coat on the bed.不要把你的外衣放在床上。
The hen laid three eggs. 母鸡下了三个蛋。
4、arise, rise和raise
That question did not arise. 那个问题没有出现。
How did this quarrel arise?这场争吵是由于何种原因引起的?
The sun rose at seven o'clock. 太阳七点钟升起。
He raised his arms above his head. 他把手臂举过头顶。
These families may raise children as their chief occupation, leaving the childless families free to move from job to job.这些家庭将抚养孩子作为他们的主要职业,让不带孩子的家庭自由地从一种工作转换到另一种工作。
5、say, tell, speak, talk
say指用语言表达思想，意思是说强调说的内容，可接单词、词组或句子，也可以接直接引语。但不能跟
表示某种语言的词作宾语。
He said he wanted to go to town. 他说他想去城里。
Say it again in English.用英语再说一遍。
Be polite and say "Please" and "Thank you ".要有礼貌, 说“请”, “谢谢你”。
tell意为告诉某人关于某事或某种情况，后面可接双宾语，常接的名词：the truth, lies, a secret, a story, a joke, the news, the facts等。tell 可用于,tell sb to do sth,其他三个不能。
Tell me what happened.告诉我发生了什么事。
He couldn't tell which house it was. 他分不出是哪一栋房子。
talk 指同某人谈话或谈论某事，用于talk to(with) sb. about sth.。talk 还常同nonsense, sense , rubbish, business, the situation等连用。
Today I'd like to talk about the Congress of the United States.今天,我想谈一谈美国的国会。Don’t talk nonsense！别废话！
speak 可以用作及物动词，表示说某种语言；在表示说话这个动作时是不及物动词。常用于：speak about(of) sth.; speak to sb.。
She can speak three languages.她会说三种语言。
He spoke before the United Nation in New York.他在纽约向联合国发表演说。
6、tell, instruct, inform 这组近义词的一般含义是“把某消息或某件事转达给别人”。
tell最通用，最不正式。它的含义是“把某事告诉某人”。它也含有给人以“指示”的意思，即“叫某人
做某事”。
Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold. 他轻蔑地看了她一眼，告诉她说那件衣服卖过了。
While we were waiting to land, the air-hostess told us to keep calm…当我们等待着陆的时候，一位飞机乘务员叫我们保持镇静。
它的含义可以是“讲述某件事”。
He has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive.
他现在比任何人都能更多地向我们讲述有关活火山的情况。
instruct可以表示给某人以“指示”，不同于tell的地方在于这个词正式些。这是因为这个词的原义为teach。此外，instruct还可以表示“通知”，即“把某事告知某人”。
The editor at once sent the journalist a telegram instructing him to find out the exact number of steps and the height of the wall.编辑立即给这位记者发了一份电报，叫他查明台阶的准确数目以及围墙的高度。
注意：由于instruct的原义是teach，所以这个词一般用于上级对下级或长辈对晚辈的指令。而tell却没有这层含义。在表示“通知”时，这个词和inform的差别也在于此。
inform的含义是“向某人传递信息”。虽然它可以表示把任何别人不知道的事情说出来，以使人知晓，但
是这个词特别适用于告知所发生的情况或有关资料。
I have just received a letter from my old school informing me that my former head-master, Mr Reginald Page, will be retiring next week.我刚接到母校的一封信，通知我说我的老校长雷金纳德·佩奇先生将于下星期退休。
be well informed about sth.精通某事; 对某事消息灵通
注意：inform可以用于上级对下级，也可以用于下级对上级的通知。
7、sit和seat
He sat in a chair. 他坐在椅子里。
Sitting in the chair， he began to speak.坐在椅子上，他开始讲话。
Seated in the chair， he began to speak.坐在椅子上，他开始讲话。
He seated himself at a writing table.他在写字台前坐下。
8、beat, defeat和win
win作及物动词时意为“赢得”，后接比赛、辩论、战斗、奖品或钱的名词。Beat意为“战胜，打败”，后接对手；defeat意为“击败”，更多指战斗中击溃敌人。
The public bet a lot of money on Mendoza, but he was defeated.公众为门杜萨下了一大笔赌注，但是他被击败了。
We played the top class at football but we couldn't beat them. 我们踢足球是一流水平, 但是我们不能战胜他们。
Who won the race? I won but David came second. 谁在赛跑中获胜了？我获胜了，不过大卫跑第二。He won a prize. 他得了奖。
9、affect, influence, touch, impress, move这组动词的一般含义为使人或能作出反应的物产生或受到影响。
affect的宾语是物时，它包含着足以引起反应的刺激，有时包含一定的改变。
The slight change of weather can affect her delicate health 天气稍有变化就会影响她那脆弱而娇嫩的身体。
当affect的宾语是人时，它表示引起心智上或感情上的影响，即感动。
He was in no way affected by their misery. 他们的惨状一点也没打动他的心。
We are lucky in that only the lower fields, which make up a very small proportion of our farm, are affected by flooding.我们的运气好，因为只有占我们农场极少部分的较低的田地受到洪水的影响。influence所表示的影响包含着“力量”，比如“他是个有影响的人物”。有时它包含着“诱使”的意思。They, having first persuaded themselves, contrive to influence their neighbours. 他们首先自己信服了之后，便设法诱使邻居
No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements. 谁也不能避免受到广告的影响。
In the organization of industrial life the influence of the factory upon the physiological and mental state of the workers has been neglected. 在工业生活的组织中，工厂对工人的生理和心理状态上的影响完全被忽视了。
touch所表示的“感动”有些像汉语的“感触”，它总含有密切接触的意思。此外，touch在表示使人或物受到影响或感动时，总有如下的内涵：激发、搅起、伤害等等。
I do not wish to do anything which may touch your credit.我不想做任何会影响你的荣誉的事情。Parents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if they realized how belief their children usually have in their character and infallibility.如果父母意识到孩子通常多么相信父母的品格和父母的绝对正确，他们会大大震惊和深深被感动的……
impress 通常用于表示深受“感动”，而且把所看到的东西，铭记在心。
I could not conceal the fact that I was impressed by the size of the diamonds.我掩盖不了这一事实，那些钻石之大给我留下了深刻的印象。
10、save, rescue
这两个词在一起比较的一般含义为“救”、“拯救”。
save强调被救的人可以继续享有生命(continue to enjoy life)，词义引伸之后，可以表示“节省”(continue to exist to be of use in future).
His life was saved by the doctor.他的生命被那位医生救了。
He refused having done it in order to save his face.为了保全面子，他没有承认干过那件事。
He saved money for years and in 1938 he bought a small workshop of his own.
他积蓄多年，并于1938年买了一个小车间。
rescue的意思是不失时机地使某人、某物免遭伤害、免受危险或避免死亡。
It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash.不久一架直升飞机来到了现场搭救那次飞机失事的幸存者。
He rushed into the house on fire to rescue a child in it.他冲进那幢失火的房子去救里面的一个孩子。
11、save, preserve, keep, retain, reserve是一组近义词，它们与上面讨论的三个词在含义上也近似。save的含义是使…免于受到损伤、损失或毁坏，有时它含有确保不失去某物，或把某物保存起来以备将来使用的意思。
I gave him sixpence yesterday and advised him to save it.我昨天给了他六便士，并建议他把这点钱积存起来。
He saved m oney for years and in 1938 he bought a small workshop of his own.他积蓄多年，于1938年买了一个小小的修理铺。
preserve强调阻抗破坏作用的意思，即“使……保持完好”
This head must have been found in classical times and carefully preserved.塑像的这颗头颅一定在古罗马时代就已经被发现，而且被谨慎地保存着。
Lord Augustus Highcastle,a distinguished member of the governing class,in the uniform of colonel, and very well preserved at 45.is comfortably seated at a writing-table with his heels on it, reading The Morning Post. 奥古斯托斯·海卡思尔爵爷是统治阶级的一个显要的成员，身穿上校军服，45岁，保养得很好，舒适地坐在写字台后面，两只脚伸在写字台上，正在读着《晨报》。keep 是个普通词，可以表示“保存”、“保持”等含义，在表示“防止变坏”时，可以与preserve换用。Our clavichord is kept in the living room.我们的击弦古钢琴是放在起居室里的。
They will be trying to keep order.他们将设法维持秩序。
retain所表示的“保存”或“保持”的内涵是“防止威胁性或强迫性的夺取”。
China dishes retain heat longer than metal pans.瓷器盘子比金属盘子保温时间长。
比较:His mother still keeps her youthful look.他母亲仍然保持着青春容貌。
reserve的含义是“储备”，与keep的差别仅在于后者是通用词，前者比较正式
The runner reserved some of his energy for the final spring.那个赛跑运动员保留着一些力气以备最后的冲刺。
The first three rows are reserved for guests.前三排座位留作来宾席。
12、cost, spend和take
cost意为“花费”，主语通常是某物，花费的是金钱、时间、或劳动力，可接双宾语。
take指花费的时间，主语一般是某件事，可接双宾语。
spend 只花费的金钱或时间，主语一般是人。
That suit costs me over ￡ 6. 那件上衣花掉我6英镑。
Courtesy costs little and means much.礼节并不失去什么却获益甚多。
Careless driving cost him his life.漫不经心的开车使他丧失生命。
How long does the flight take?这个航班要飞多久？
Just a minute, it won't take me long to change.等一下,我很快就可以换好衣服。
How much money do you spend each week? 你每星期花多少钱？
He doesn't spend much time on his homework.他花在作业上的时间不多。
He spent 3 days repairing his house.他用了三天修房子。
13、arrive, get 和reach
这三个词都有“到达”之意，但arrive和get为不及物动词，reach为及物动词。结构为
arrive in+ 宾语(大地方)/at+ 宾语（小地方），get to+ 宾语；reach+ 宾语
At what time did you arrive at the station?你是几点钟到火车站的?
Her baby arrived during the night.她的小孩是夜里生的。
She got there at six.她六点钟到达那里。
When we got to the station, the bus was waiting. 当我们到达车站时，汽车还在等着。
They reached London. 他们到达了伦敦。
14、discover和invent
discover意为“发现”以前已经存在、但尚未人们所知道的东西；invent发明，表示制造出来以前不存的东西。
Scientists are now trying to discover if this is possible.科学家们正在探索这是否可能。
Who invented the steam engine? 谁发明了蒸气机？
15、call on, call at, call for, call in, call up， call off,call back
call on 意为“访问（某人）”，后接的宾语是人； call at意为“访问（某地）”，后接的宾语是某一地方。call at可以表示车船停靠站或码头；call on sb. to do sth意为“请求，邀请，指派，呼吁）某人做某事。call sb. up意为“给……打电话”；call up 意为“唤醒、使想起，征调”；call for需要，要求；值得；call in召集, 召来, 来访，call off取消,call back 回电话
Do you think we should call at Frank's when we go to New York?我们去纽约的时候,你看要不要去看看弗兰克?
This long-distance coach calls at every stop along its journey.这趟长途汽车沿线每站都要停靠。Many experts have been called in for advice.许多专家被请来商量对策。
We can call on o ur former teacher tomorrow.我们明天可以去拜访过去的老师。
Call me (up) at six tomorrow morning.明早六点叫我起床。
The occasion calls for a cool head. 这种场合需要冷静的头脑。
Call me up this evening, if it's convenient to you.如果方便的话,今天晚上打个电话给我。
I'll call you back soon.我会很快给你回电话的。
The meeting has been called off.会议取消了。
Someone is calling for help.有人在大声呼救。
16、call,visit,see这三个词都有拜访的意思。
call所表示的拜访通常不是朋友之间的访问，而是出于公务上或别的什么事情的需要而作的暂短访问，而且完成了任务或达到了目的之后便离去；call at 的宾语通常为house, office等之类的名词，或不用at,不跟宾语. call on 的宾语通常为表示人的名词或代词。call in 表示顺路到某处或某家.
He called at every house in the street once a month.这条街的每一户人家他每月都要访问一次。
I called on him yesterday, but he could not help us.我昨天去拜访他了，但他帮不了我们的忙. visit 可以表示正式的访问，也可用于朋友间的亲切的拜访，甚至是旅游家的参观，而访问时的逗留可长可短.
Yesterday I paid him a visit.昨天我拜访了他。
At present, they are visiting all parts of the country. 现在他正在全国各地访问。
see 作为访问总用于非正式的而且是熟人之间的拜访.
“I've just arrived by train,”she said. “I'm coming to see you.”“我刚刚乘火车到达这里，”她说道。“我来看你。”
I'll come and see you later. 我以后再来看你。
五、点击考点
I. 单项选择
1. Jim expect _____nobody in the room.
A. there being
B. there been
C. there to be
D. there be
2. The naughty boy! He _____ where he leaves his things.
A. always forgets
B. will always forget
C. is always forgetting
D. has always forgotten
3. He _____ to go to Beijing today, but he postpone the trip when he heard that there would be
a downpour at the noon.
A. was intending
B. would intend
C. was intended
D. had intended
4.Bus fares ______ recently in Beijing.
A. have been risen
B. have been arisen
C. have been raising
D. have been raised
5. I hope he’ll soon _____ his disappointment and be cheerful again.
A. get up
B. get through
C. get away
D. get over
6.Absorbed in reading a book on the bus, he had his wallet _________.
A. stealing
B. to steal
C. have been stolen
D. stolen
7. This pen _____ his; he was not here in the morning.
A. mustn’t be
B. can not be
C. should not be
D. may not be
8.You need to _____before posting it.
A. have the letter stamping
B. have the letter to stamp
C. have the letter stamped
D. be stamped your letter
9. The old professor permitted his friend_____ his laboratory.
A. for using
B. to use
C. to be used
D. use
10.The book is borrowed from a friend. You ____ your children put dots and lines here and there.
A. shouldn’t be letting
B. needn’t have let
C. shouldn’t have let
D. ought to not have let
11. He was a diligent young scholar and _____ the latest development in many fields.
A. was well informed to
B. has well informed
C. well informed
D. was well informed about
12. Jack was so drunk that he fell off the bike and ______ by the roadside until the next morning.
A. laid
B. lied
C. had lain
D. lay
13.The alarm clock didn’t ring this morning. You _____ it last night.
A. need to have forgotten to wind
B. may have forgotten winding
C. ought to have forgotten to wind
D. must have forgotten to wind
14.I remember _____ somewhere in the past.
A. to meet him
B. meet him
C. having met him
D. to have met
15. ______, we should be economical and put money to the best possible use.
A. Beginning with
B. To begin with
C. It is beginning with
D. When beginning with
16. They were _____ when I got there.
A. already to leave
B. ready for leaving
C. in the point to leave
D. about to leave
17.We came early and had to wait two hours before the ceremony began. We_____.
A. should not hurry
B. must have hurried
C. need not hurry
D. need not have hurried
18. _______ come out at night?
A. Does he dare
B. dare he to
C. dares he
D. dare he
19. Your window wants ______; you’d better have it _____ this week.
A. cleaning; to
B. to be cleaned; to
C. cleaning; done
D. being cleaned; done
20. They tried every way possible ____ the child, but it was too late.
A. saving
B. to save
C. to have saved
D. to be saving
21. ---What shall we start?
---Let’s ______ it 8:30. Is that all right?
A. set
B. meet
C. make
D. take
22. This mother had thought it would be good for his character to _____ from home and earn some money on his own.
A. run away
B. take away
C. keep away
D. get away
23. ---Mummy, can I put the peaches on the cupboard?
---No, dear. They don’t _____wel l. Put them in the fridge instead.
A. keep
B. fit
C. get
D. last
24. Don’t mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may _____the shocking ending.
A. give away
B. give out
C. give up
D. give off
25.Alice trusts you ; only you can her to give up the foolish idea.
A. suggest
B. attract
C. tempt
D. persuade
26. Her brother to leave her in the dark room alone when she disobeyed his order.
A. declared
B. threatened
C. warned
D. exclaimed
27. I’m planning to hold a party in the open air, but I can no guarantees because it the weather.
A. links with
B. depends on
C. connects to
D. decides on
28. Mary finally Bruce as her life-long companion.
A. received
B. accepted
C. made
D.honoured
29. Go and join in the party. it to me to do the washing-up.
A. Get
B. Remain
C. Leave
D. Send
30. Whatever rank you may be in , it would be wrong to the law into your own hands.
A. bring
B. hold
C. take
D. seize
31. Can you make a sentence to the meaning of the phrase?
A. show off
B. turn out
C. bring out
D. bake in
32. Her talent and experience her to the respect of her colleagues .
A．permitted B．qualified C．deserved D．entitled
33.The engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather the helplessness of the crew at sea .
A．added to B．resulted from C．turned out D．made up
34.Some passengers complain that it usually so long to fill in travel insurance documents .
A．costs B．takes C．spends D．spares
35. Tony is the guidebook , looking for information about Japan , where he will travel soon . A．tracing B．skipping C．inspecting D．scanning
II. 指出划线单词的类别（及物动词、不及物动词、连系动词、助动词、情态动词）：
1.We grow cotton in the north.
2.The war lasted four years.
3.Tom replied to Mary's letter.
4.The whole world seems to be black and empty.
5.The face of the cable feels smooth.
6.Have you ever been to the Great Wall?
7.I will go with you if you will come tomorrow.
8.Our country is getting richer and stronger.
9.What color is your dress?
10.It must have rained last night.
11.Though I listened to him attentively， I could hear nothing.
12.The book was written by a teacher.
III.完成下列句子：
1.When he was two years old， his parents died and he （培养成人）。
2.If you （对…不确定）something ， you may not know what to do.
3.Our company car will come to （接你）at the gate of your hotel at 7:00 tomorrow morning.
4.Do you know the man over there who always
（戴一顶黑礼帽）？
5.I asked her to interview the engineer ， but she said he had already （进行了电话采访）with him.
6.Miss Brown （问候）you.
7.World war Ⅱ（爆发）in 1939.
8.He doesn't （同意）this decision.
9.The teacher was her.（发怒）
10.The sick boy （照顾得好）day and night.
11.The headmaster will （参加）our discussion.
12.Do you mind if I （开）the light?
13.Women （受到轻视）in the old society.
14.Have you （听别人说起）his coming back?
15.A lot of work （留下）to be done in the office.
16.Sometimes it is necessary to
（把…与…相比）English Chinese.
17. （留心）the time so you won't be late.
18.The teacher told us to （交上）our composition the next morning.
19.Mr.Zhang told the meeting that we were facing some
new problems that （要求）immediate
solution.
20.The plane is ready （起飞）now.
答案：
一、单项选择
1. C
2. C
3. D
4. D
5.D
6. D
7. B
8. C
9.B 10. C 11.D 12.D 13.D 14. C 15. B
16. D 17.D 18. D 19. C 20.B 21.C 22.D 23.A 24.A 25.D 26.B 27.B 28.B 29.C 30.C
31.C 32.D 33.A 34.B 35.D
二、指出划线单词的类别（及物动词、不及物动词、连系动词、助动词、情态动词）
1、及物动词
2、不及物动词
3、不及物动词
4、连系动词4、连系动词6、助动词7、情态动词8、助动词9、连系动词10、情态动词11、情态动词12、助动词
三、1.was brought up 2.are uncertain about 3.pick you up 4.has a black hat on 5.made a telephone interview 6.sent her regards to 7.broke out 8.agree to 9.angry with 10.was well cared for 11.join in 12.turn on 13.were looked down upon/on 14.heard of 15.remains https://www.doczj.com/doc/358790830.html,pare…with 17.Keep an eye on 18.hand in 19.call for 20.to take off
高考冲刺必备 高考常用动词短语搭配1.动词+about speak/talk about谈论 think about思考 care about关心,对...有兴趣bring about引起,使发生 set about 着手,开始 come about发生 hear about听说 worry about为...担心 2.动词+away throw away 扔掉 blow away吹走 carry away拿走,使入迷clear away清除掉,消散 die away逐渐消失 pass away 去世 wash away冲走 take away拿走 put away收拾起来,存起来give away背弃,泄露 wear away磨掉,消耗 break away摆脱 send away让走开 turn away把...打发走 3.动词+back keep back隐瞒,忍住 hold back控制住 call back回电话 look back回顾 give back归还 take back拿回,收回 4.动词+for run for竞选 ask for要求得到 wait for等候 long for渴望 care for关心,喜欢 search for查找 call for要求,需要 change for用...换 apply for申请 seek for寻找 stand for代表,表示 hope/wish for希望得到beg for乞求 look for寻找 hunt for寻找 charge for收费,要价 take for误以为...是 come for来拿,来取 5.动词+down break down 出毛病，分解，拆开 bring down 使下降，使倒下 burn down 烧毁 calm down平静下来 come down 下跌，落，降，传下 cut down 削减，砍倒 die down （炉火）渐熄 fall down 掉下，跌倒 get down to do 致力于，专心于 get down 下来，记下，使沮丧 go down 下沉，降低 hand down 传给，流传 hold down 控制，镇压 knock down 撞倒 look down upon 瞧不起 pass down 传下来 pass down…to 传给 pull down 往下拉，拆毁 put down 记下，写下，平息 set down 放下 settle down 安家 slow down慢下来 take down 记录，写下 tear down 拆除 turn down 调小，拒绝 6.动词+at come at 向...袭击 run at冲向,向...攻击 tear at用力撕 stare at凝视 glance at匆匆一瞥 knock at敲门,窗等 smile at冲某人笑 aim at向...瞄准 wonder at惊讶 shout at冲某人嚷嚷 work at干...活动研究 look at看,注视 glare at怒视 laugh at嘲笑 point at指向 strike at向...打击 shoot at向...射击 call at拜访地点 7.动词+from differ from与...不同 suffer from受...苦 hear from收到...来信 die from因...而死 keep/stop/prevent from不让...做 learn from向...学习 date from始于...时候 result from由于 separate from把...分离开 8.动词+of think of想到 consist of由...组成 approve of赞成 talk of谈到 complain of抱怨 dream of梦到 speak of 读到 die of死于 hear of听说 become of发生...情况,怎么啦 9.动词+off start off出发 set off出发 leave off''中断 show off炫耀 get off下车 see off送行 put off延期,推迟 cut off切断,断绝 keep off避开,勿走近 knock off把...撞落 pay off还清 get off脱下衣服等 trun/switch off关掉 take off脱下,起飞 ring off挂断电话 come off脱掉,褪色 fall off跌落,掉下 go off走开,消失,坏了 break off打断 carry off携走,带走 give off散发出 10.动词+on
动词的第三人称单数现在式变化规则： 1）一般由动词原形加-s gｅt－gｅts ｐlay-plays 2)以ｅ结尾的动词,加-s ｌiｋe-liｋｅｓｍａke-makes 3）以ｏ结尾的动词加-es gｏ－goes ｄo-dｏes 以s, x， cｈ, sh等字母结尾的动词，后面加-es kｉｓs-kiｓses fix-fixes ｔeaｃh－teａches fiｓh－fｉsｈe ｓ 4)以辅音字母加ｙ结尾的动词，先将y变ｉ, 再加－es ｆly－fｌies ｓtudy-sｔuｄiｅｓ ５) have –hａs 一般现在时 主语+动词原型Ｖ I ｈave a ｆriｅnｄ. Yoｕ have a fｒiｅnd. Wｅ hａｖe a ｆｒiend. Ｔｈey haｖe a ｆrienｄ． 主语（第三人称单数）+动词Ｖ（三单) She / Hｅ / It ｈaｓ a ｆriend. Tom / My motｈeｒ has a frｉｅｎｄ．
名词单数变复数口诀 (一) 规则变化 名词单数变复数，直接加 -s 占多数； s, x, ｚ, ｃｈ, ｓh 来结尾,直接加上 -eｓ; 词尾是 f 或ｆe，加 -s 之前先变 vｅ; 辅母 + y 在词尾，把ｙ变 i 再加－ｅs; 词尾字母若是ｏ,常用三个已足够， 要加 -es 请记好，hero, ｔomato， potato。 (二) 不规则变化 男人女人ａ变ｅ,鹅足牙ｏo 变 eｅ; 老鼠虱婆也好记，ｏus 变 iｃ； 孩子加上ｒｅn，鱼鹿绵羊不用变。 Tｈis---thｅse(这些) that -- thosｅ(那些) 【解说】 1. 英语名词有单数和复数的区别,单数表示“一”,复数表示“多于一。”名词由单数变复数，多数是规则的变，直接加 -s，例如:book → books， girl → giｒｌs。但以 -ｓ， -z, -x, -ch, -sｈ结尾的名词，变成复数时加－eｓ, 例如：bus → buses, buｚz →ｂｕzｚes， box → bｏxes， wａtｃh → wａtcheｓ，ｂruｓh →ｂruｓｈes ２. －f(e) 结尾的名词单数变复数歌诀:①树叶半数自已黄，妻子拿刀去割粮,架后窜出一只狼，就像强盗逃命忙。②妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌,躲在架后
英语动词基本形式练习全集 一、动词基本形式 1．—Do you often see Tony ________ football in the park? —Yes. Look！Now we can see him _______ football over there. A. play；play B. playing；play C. play；playing D. plays; play 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：---你经常看见托尼在公园踢足球吗？---是的，看，现在我们看见他在那边踢足球。see sb do sth看见某人做过某事（强调动作的全过程），所以第一空用动词原形play；see sb doing sth看见某人正在做某事（强调动作正在进行），所以第二空用动词的现在分词playing。故答案为C。 【点评】考查see跟宾语补足语的用法，掌握see sb do与see sb doing的基本区别，根据语境进行判断。 2．Seeing their teacher into the classroom,they stopped at once. A. walk; telling B. entering; to speak C. enter; to tell D. walking; talking 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：看到他们的老师走进教室，他们立刻停止了谈话。see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事，走进用walk into; stop doing sth.停止正在做的事，stop to do sth，停下去做某事。谈话是他们正在做的事情，看见老师就停下不说，用stop doing sth。故选D。 【点评】本题考查动词辨析和固定搭配，注意掌握see sb. doing sth.看见某人正在做某事和stop引导的固定搭配。 3．To his surprise, he tried his best but he still the exam. A. failed B. passed C. took D. make 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：令他惊讶的是，虽然他尽力了但是他还是考试______。A.failed失败，不及格；B.passed 通过；C.took拿，取；D.make制造。故选A。 【点评】考查动词辨析。 4．I can't _______my computer to the Internet. There must be something wrong with it. A. offer B. take C. fix D. connect 【答案】D 【解析】【分析】句意：我不能把电脑连到网络上。一定是出什么毛病了。offer：提供，take：带走，fix：安装，connect A to/with B: 把A连到B上，根据句意可知答案，故选D。【点评】考查动词辨析。根据句意选出恰当的动词，确保句子通顺。
江苏高考备考英语动词短语大全 （1）act短语 act as 担任…职务，起…作用 act for 代理（职务），代为（处理） act out 表演（对话、情节等） act up 捣乱，出问题 （2）believe短语 believe in 确信，信任，信仰，主张 believe one's ears 相信所听到的话 make believe 假装（pretend to do sth.） seeing is believing 眼见为实 （3）break短语 break away 摆脱，脱离 break away from …脱离……，奋力挣脱……、打破 break down 出故障，中止，分解、抛锚、破坏，粉碎；瓦解；衰弱，损坏；(健康等)垮掉，累垮；崩溃break in 打断，插话，闯入，强行进入，使顺服 break into …闯入……，破门而入，突然开始，把(sth.)分成 break (sth) off （使某物）折断，中断某事物，突然停止，打断，断绝 break out （战争、火灾）突然发生，爆发，准备使用；起锚 break open 破开，撬开 break short 中断，折断 break out in tears 突然大哭 break the rule（law）违反规定 break one’s promise 失言 break through 突围，冲跨，克服，挤过去 break up vt. 分解，分裂，拆散，碎开，开垦，vi.结束 （4）blow短语 blow about 吹散 blow away 吹走 blow off 吹掉，吹散，吹灭 blow out吹灭，走气 blow up，放大（照片），吹大（气球），爆炸，发脾气 give sb. a heavy blow 给某人以沉重打击 （5）bring短语 bring about 引起，导致，使发生，促使 bring along 把……带来，领来 bring back 拿（送）回来，使恢复，使回忆 bring sth / sb back to life 使……生动/活泼，使……苏醒 bring down 使……降低，减少，使……倒下，使……落下，浓缩，收缩，击落 bring down / up (the price) 降价／提价 bring forth开（花）,结（果），发表，宣布，提出 bring forward 提出 bring in 引进（技术），赚钱，带来（收入），吸收 bring into action 使行动起来，使生效 bring into effect/practice 完成，实现，实施，实行 bring into operation 使运转，将...投入bring into (full) play 发挥，调动，利用 bring sb.into touch with...接触，触摸 bring on 发展，引起，导致，使前进，提出（论点） bring out 拿出，公布，出版，生产，揭露，阐明，使表现出 bring off 完成，救出，使成功，搬走 bring to 使……苏醒 bring … to use = put …to use 对……加以利用 bring through 治愈，使度过困难/危险时期 bring / carry sth to / into effect 实施…… bring to light 出现，公布，暴露 bring to mind 使想起，回忆起 bring up 抚养，培养，哺育，使停止 （6）build短语 build ... into 把...建设成，把...装入 build on / upon 建立在...上，依赖，指望 build up 增加，增进，建成，振兴 build up to 增加 （7）以burst为中心的词组 burst forth 爆发，喷出，忽然出现 burst in 闯进，突然出现 burst into 闯进，突然...起来，突然发出 burst into tears / laughter 嚎啕大哭/放声大笑 burst out 迸发，爆发，突然发出，大声叫喊 burst out crying / laughing嚎啕大哭/放声大笑 （8）call短语 call away 叫走，把（注意力）转移开 call at (sp) 访问（某地），拜访（某地），停泊在 call back 回电话 call for 提倡，号召，要求，需要，去接某人，接走某人，迎，取 call / shout for help 呼救 call in 请来，召集，来访，打电话，引入 call off 取消，下令停止 call on / upon 号召 call on (sb) 拜访（某人），访问（某人） call out 大声呼喊，叫喊，唤起 call sb…for short 简称某人…… call sb names 谩骂某人 call up 给……打电话，使人想起，号召，召集 call to mind 使想起，回忆起 pay a call at sp. 访问（某地） pay a call on sb. 拜访（某人） （9）catch短语 be caught in the rain 淋雨 catch /take fire 着火 catch on 挂住，明白，理解，受欢迎 catch one’s word 听懂话 catch out 发觉，抓住某人的错处 catch sight of 发现，瞥见 （10）carry短语
动词的变化 1)代词及be动词 主格I we you you she/he/it they 宾格me us you you her/him/it them 代词所有格my our your your her/his/its their 名词性代词mine ours yours yours hers/his/its theirs be动词现在时Am are are are is are be动词过去时was were were were was were 2)名词的复数 规则变化的名词复数形式 规则1 一般情况+s e.g. shell→shells toy→toys 规则2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾+es e.g. fox→foxes church→churches 规则3 以o结尾+s或+es e.g. radio→radios potato→potatoes 规则4 以f, fe结尾的，变f, fe为ves e.g. life→lives half→halves 规则5 以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i+es e.g. sky→skies study →studies 3)动词的第三人称单数形式 规则1 一般情况+s e.g. like-likes, look-looks 规则2 以s, x, ch, sh和o结尾+es e.g. do-does, catch-catches 规则3 以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i+es e.g. carry-carries, fly-flies
4)动词现在分词 规则1 一般动词加-ing e.g. look-looking, read-reading, play-playing 规则2 以不发音的字母结尾的单词去e加-ing e.g. make-making, take-taking, arrive-arriving 规则3 重读闭音节词结尾，即单词中只有一个元音字母，其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词，双写辅音字母再加-ing e. g. run-running, sit-sitting, get-getting, swim-swimming, stop-stopping 5)动词过去式 规则动词变化规则1一般动词加-ed e.g. look-looked, watch-watched, play-played 规则2以e结尾的加-d e.g. make-maked, arrive-arrived 规则3以辅音字母y结尾的变y为i加-ed cry-cried, carry-carried 规则4重读闭音节词结尾，即单词中只有一个元音字母，其后紧跟一个辅音字母的词，双写辅音字母再加-ed stop-stopped 过去式的读音 在清辅音后面(除外)读/t/ e.g. walked, jumped 在浊辅音和元音后读/d/ e.g. washed, watched 在/t/，/d/后读/id/ e.g. waited, hated 6)形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 比较级 规则1一般加-er e.g. high-higher 规则2以e结尾加-r nice-nicer
新版译林牛津初三--英语一动词适当形式填空100题
__________________ (get) here on time next time, or your teacher will be angry with you.
1. have known 2.to improve 3. improved 4. proved 5. givi ng 6.Were; remin ded 7.fi nding 8. to fini sh; try 9. livi ng 10.was offered ll.came 12.Maki ng 13. will be dealt 14. to spe nd 15. has offered 16. to solve 17.is eaten 18. To make 19. has stopped; to be fixed/fixing; fixed 2O.Buildi ng 21. Build 2 2 .Build 23.Readi ng; helps 24.bu ying; to keep 25. was expla ined 26. will be provided 27. to ski 28. will get 29. watch ing 30. was not in vited 31. to watch 32.was lying 33.read ing 34. talk ing; to remember 35.built 36. will be expla ined 37. to give 38. proved 39. in cludes 40. n amed 41. was n amed 42. wait ing 43. work 44. represe nt 45. repaired 46. to cha nge 47. are allowed 48.was writ ing 49.has eate n 50.broke 51.p unishing 52.am wait ing 53. trying 54. is completed 55 . didn't realize 56. to solve 57. has cha nged 58. relaxes 59. will do 60. has rise n 61. support ing 62. aren ' t allowed 63. to complete 64. will be puni shed 65.was paid 66. con trolli ng 67. has bee n 68. will be showed 69.c onn ected 70. was offered 71. sell 72. pointing 73. don 'make 74. will mend 75. works 76. is provided 77. Get 78. are asked 79. writi ng 80. led 81. conn ected 82. connecting 83. was conn ected 84. repeats 85. is savi ng 86. are paid 8 7 .prin ts; feels 88. has falle n 89. is sleep ing 90. was wait ing 91. will be offered 92. has happe ned 93. is done 94. con trolli ng 95. fou nd 96. to stop 97. to complete 98.moves 99. to see 100.has lost
（英语）50套初中英语动词基本形式 一、动词基本形式 1．Mary is tired of learning because she is ________ to do better than she can, both at school and at home. A. thought B. expected C. hoped D. helped 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：玛丽疲于学习，因为她在家里和学校被期待着做得更好。think不跟不定式；expect sb to do sth期望某人做某事；hope to do希望做某事，无hope sb.to do sth.的搭配，也无此类被动语态。help 帮助。根据句意可知选B。 【点评】考查动词辨析。 2．Mei Ping eats a lot every day. She has ___________ five pounds these days. A. put up B. turned on C. put on D. washed away 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：梅萍每天吃很多。她这些天已经增长了五英镑。put on weight:增长体重，put up: 搭起，turn on：打开，wash away: 冲走，根据语境，故选C。 【点评】考查动词短语。熟记这四个短语的意思。 3．As parents, you should pay more attention to your words, because sometimes they will ________ your child`s schoolwork. A. influence B. improve C. increase D. require 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：作为父母，你应该更多得注意你的话，因为有时候它们会影响你的孩子的功课。A. 影响，B. 提高，C. 增长，D. 需要，根据句意可知答案，故选A。 【点评】考查动词辨析。熟记这些动词。 4．In fact, Liu Tu's parents have nothing against . A. run B. to run C. runs D. running 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】against反对（介词），介词后跟动词ing形式，故选D。 【点评】考查动词的不同形式。 5．Edison ________ the light bulb and Columbus ________ America.
高考常用动词短语(322) 1.动词+about (8) 1)bring about引起,使发生 2)care about关心,对...有兴趣 3)come about发生 4)hear about听说 5)set about 着手,开始 6)speak/talk about谈论 7)think about思考 8)worry about为...担心 2.动词+away (14) 1)blow away吹走 2)break away摆脱 3)carry away拿走,使入迷 4)clear away清除掉,消散 5)die away逐渐消失 6)give away背弃,泄露 7)pass away 去世 8)put away收拾起来,存起来 9)send away让走开 10)take away拿走 11)throw away 扔掉 12)turn away把...打发走 13)wash away冲走 14)wear away磨掉,消耗 3.动词+at (18) 1)aim at向...瞄准 2)call at拜访地点 3)come at 向...袭击 4)glance at匆匆一瞥 5)glare at怒视 6)knock at敲门,窗等 7)laugh at嘲笑 8)look at看,注视 9)point at指向 10)run at冲向,向...攻击 11)shoot at向...射击 12)shout at冲某人嚷嚷 13)smile at冲某人笑 14)stare at凝视 15)strike at向...打击 16)tear at用力撕 17)wonder at惊讶 18)work at干...活动研究 4.动词+back (6) 1)call back回电话 2)give back归还 3)hold back控制住 4)keep back隐瞒,忍住 5)look back回顾 6)take back拿回,收回 5.动词+down (13) 1)break down坏了,垮了,分解 2)bring down使...降低,使倒下 3)burn down 烧毁 4)calm down平静下来 5)come down下落,传下 6)cut down削减,砍倒 7)pass down 传下来 8)put down记下,写下,镇压 9)settle down 安家 10)slow down慢下来 11)take down记下,记录 12)tear down 拆毁,拆除 13)turn down调小,拒绝 6.动词+for (18) 1)apply for申请 2)ask for要求得到 3)beg for乞求 4)call for要求,需要 5)care for关心,喜欢 6)change for用...换 7)charge for收费,要价 8)come for来拿,来取 9)hope/wish for希望得到 10)hunt for寻找 11)long for渴望 12)look for寻找 13)run for竞选 14)search for查找 15)seek for寻找 16)stand for代表,表示 17)take for误以为...是 18)wait for等候 7.动词+from (9) 1)date from始于...时候 2)die from因...而死 3)differ from与...不同 4)hear from收到...来信
外研版英语动词基本形式综合分类解析 一、动词基本形式 1．Mr Wu keeps __________ his students that the future belongs to the well-educated. A. telling B. to tell C. ordering D. to order 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：吴老师一直告诉他的学生，未来属于受过良好教育的人。tell告诉；order命令，老师是给学生们讲道理，可知此处用tell；keep doing sth持续做某事。固定短语，故选A。 【点评】此题考查固定短语。keep doing sth.固定短语。 2．Classic music ________ nice to most old people. A. hears B. sounds C. looks D. listens 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意：古典音乐对于大部分老年人来说听起来很舒服。hear听见；sound听起来；look看起来；listen听。这里根据空后的形容词nice可知要用sound,故选B。 【点评】考查动词辨析。 3．—Listen, the music sweet. —It's Yesterday Once More, my favorite. A. sounds B. smells C. feels D. looks 【答案】A 【解析】【分析】句意：—听，这音乐听起来很甜美。—是昨日重现，我最爱的音乐。music“音乐”应该是“听起来”很甜美。sound符合句意。故答案为A。 【点评】考查动词辨析，注意感官动词的用法。 4．I like to the shoes special heels. A. wear; has B. wear; with C. put on; has D. put on; with 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】wear穿（强调状态）；put on穿上（强调动作）；has有（动词单三式）；with有（介词）句意：我喜欢穿有特殊跟的鞋子。根据句意可知第一空应填表状态的动词wear，第二空应填表补充伴随的介词with。故选B。
高考英语动词短语总结 1.break 2.bring 3.call https://www.doczj.com/doc/358790830.html,e 5.cut 6.drop 7.fall 8.get 9.give 10.go 11.hold 12. keep 13.knock https://www.doczj.com/doc/358790830.html,y 15.leave 16.live 17. look 18.make 19.pay 20. pick 21.put 22.send 23.set 24.show 25.stand 26.take 27.think 28.turn 1.break break away (突然)离开 break away from 脱离 break down 抛锚，（身体）垮掉，出故障，失败 break in 闯入，打断，插嘴 break into 破门而入，突然…… break off 中断，折断，停止 break out（火灾，战争等）爆发 break through突破 break up打碎，（关系）破裂，解散，分解，放假，垮掉2.bring bring about 引起，导致 bring along 拿来，带来 bring back 带回来，使回忆起，恢复 bring…back to life 使……生动、活泼，使苏醒 bring down 降低 bring forward 提出，提前 bring in 引进 bring on 引起，导致 bring out 拿出，出版，使显示 bring up 养育，提出（话题） 3.call call at 拜访（某地） call back 回电话 call for号召，需要，要求 call in 招来，召集 call off 取消 call on 拜访（某人），请求，要求 call out 大声叫喊 call up 打电话，使想起，召集 https://www.doczj.com/doc/358790830.html,e
英语动词第三人称单数变化规则 一般现在时的肯定句中，主语为第三人称单数的动词变化主要体现在词尾的变化上，其规律为： 1、变否定句：含有动词第三人称单数形式的句子变否定句时，要在动词前面加上doesn’t 或does not，动词的第三人称单数形式要还原成原形：格式为doesn’t/does not + 动词原形，如： He goes to school at six in the morning. (变否定句) →He doesn't go to school at six in the morning. 2、变一般疑问句：把含有动词第三人称单数形式的变成一般疑问句时，要借用助动词does，如： She goes home at five every day. →Does she go home at five every day? --- Yes, she does./No, she doesn’t. 3、对划线部分进行提问（变特殊疑问句）：一般格式为Whxxx + 一般疑问句？ She goes home at five every day. (对划线部分提问) →When/What time does she go home every day? She goes home at five every day. (对划线部分提问) →Who goes home at five every day? She goes home at five every day. (对划线部分提问) →What does she do at five every day?
哪些主语是第三人称单数？ 1、人称代词he, she, it； 如：He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。 She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。 It looks like a cat. 它看起来像只猫。 2、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语；是第三人称单数。如： Han Mei looks like her mother. 韩梅看起来像她的母亲。 Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。 Uncle Wang often makes cakes. 王叔叔经常做蛋糕。 3、单数可数名词或this / that / the + 单数可数名词作主语时，是第三人称单数； A horse is a useful animal. 马是有用的动物。 This book is yours. 这本书是你的。 That car is red. 那辆小汽车是红色的。 The cat is Lucy's. 只猫是露茜的。 4、不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等及指示代词this, that 作主语时，是第三人称单数。如： Everyone is here. 大家到齐了。 There is something wrong with the watch. 这块手表有毛病。 This is a pen. 这是一支钢笔。 That is an eraser. 那是一块橡皮擦。 5、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。如： The milk is in the glass.牛奶在玻璃杯里。 The bread is very small. 那面包很小。 The water is very cold. 那些水很凉。 6、当数字或字母作主语时，看作第三人称单数。如： “7” is a lucky number in western countries, but “8” is a lucky number in China. “7”在西方国家是个吉利数字，但在中国“8”是个吉利数字。 “I” is a letter and a word. “I”既是个字母，又是单词。 例题引路： 4、选出正确的答案： 1. She (like / likes) to play football. 2. He (like / likes) drinking milk. 3. I (like / likes) to watch TV. 4. We (like / likes) to play badminton. 5. They (like / likes) to sing songs. 6. She (read / reads) books every day. 7. He (play / plays) computer games every day. 8. It (listen / listens) to the radio every day. 9. Linda (draw / draws) pictures every day. 10. Jane and Linda (play / plays) football every day.
最新中考英语谓语动词填空 (一 Once there lived an old man in a town. He always 1___ (forget a lot of things. So his wife always had 2_______ (say to him, “3_____ _____ (not forget this.” One day, he went on a long trip alone. Before he left home, his wife said, “ Now yo u 4___ (have all these things. They are what you 5_____ (need for your trip. 6 ___ (take care of your things during the trip.” He went to the station. He bought a ticket and got on the train with it. About an hour later, the conductor began 7___(check the tickets. He came to the old man and said, “Will you please show me your ticket?” The old man looked for his ticket in all his pockets, but he 8___ (not find it. He was very worried. “I can?t find my ticket. I really bought a ticket before I got on the trai n,” said the old man. “I think you are right. I believe you 9____ (buy a ticket,” said the conductor kindly. But the old man still looked worried and said sadly, “You don?t know why I am worried. If I don?t find my ticket, I 10_____ (not remember my station. Where am I going?” (二 Mr Clark (1___________ (bear in a small town of England. When he finished middle school, he (2____________(find work in the police station and he (3___________(work there for 42 years and he?ll retire(退休this autumn. He tried to wor k hard in the past 42 years but he wasn?t a lucky man and never caught a thief. He was often sorry for it. Last weekend, when Mrs Clarke (4____________ (cook supper, she found there was no sugar. So she asked her husband (5____________ (buy some in the shop near their house. He came in the shop and found a young man (6__________ (steal some money
外研版英语动词基本形式专项练习题及答案 一、动词基本形式 1．My parents said they would come to visit me. I couldn't to see them after several months away from home. A. wait B. help C. expect D. afford 【答案】A 【解析】【分析】句意：我父母说，他们要来看我。远离家几个月之后，我迫不及待的想见他们。A,wait等待，B，help帮助。C，expect期望。D，afford买得起。根据题意can’t wait to do迫不及待的做某事。故选A 【点评】本题考查动词词义辨析。以及wait、help、except、afford四个次的词义和用法。2．— What do you Mo Yan's novels? — I like them very much. A. look at B. like C. think over D. think of 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】根据答语I like them very much.我非常喜欢他们。可知问句句意为：你认为莫言的小说怎么样？你认为.......怎么样？1.What do you think of/about ...? 2.How do you like ...?根据What 可知此题选D。 【点评】此题考查固定的搭配，平时应多归纳总结并记忆。 3．I like to the shoes special heels. A. wear; has B. wear; with C. put on; has D. put on; with 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】wear穿（强调状态）；put on穿上（强调动作）；has有（动词单三式）；with有（介词）句意：我喜欢穿有特殊跟的鞋子。根据句意可知第一空应填表状态的动词wear，第二空应填表补充伴随的介词with。故选B。 【点评】考查动词与介词辨析。 4．The child doesn't need any help. He is old enough to himself. A. put on B. wear C. dress D. take care 【答案】C 【解析】【分析】句意：这个孩子不需要任何帮助，他足够大去自己穿衣服。put on“穿上”,强调动作;wear“穿着”, 强调状态;dress“穿着;打扮”,其宾语为人;take care后接宾语时,必须加of。dress oneself意为“穿衣服”。故答案为C。 【点评】考查动词和动词短语辨析。