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非谓语动词作定语和状语

一．非谓语动词

※不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别：

【知识点拨】

1．不定式作定语

①不定式作定语常用于不定代词或被the first/next/only/last等修饰的名词和其他一些名词、代词之后。其中，不定式的一般式通常表示一个将来或经常性的动作，完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。

例如：She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave.

②如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词.

例如：Let's first find a room to live in / to put the things in.

We have nothing to worry about.(=There is nothing for us to worry about.)

③不定式作定语修饰一个在逻辑上是其宾语名词时,若在句子中能找到该不定式的逻辑主语, 则该不定式多用主动表被动，否则，用被动式。

例如：I have a lot of things to do today. ( I ... do ... things)

2．-ing分词作定语

①单个的-ing分词作定语一般前置,说明名词的性质、特征或用途等,-ing短语作定语一般后置；强调动作的单个-ing分词也常后置。

例如：a sleeping car ( = a car for sleeping )

a sleeping child ( = a child who is sleeping )

the boy standing there ( = the boy who is standing there )

The girl singing is my classmate.

②-ing分词作定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或是在说话时该动作正在进行，否则，要用从句作定语。

例如：Do you know the boy talking ( = who is talking ) to the teacher?

Did you notice the boy sitting ( = who was sitting ) at this desk

yesterday?

3．-ed分词作定语

-ed分词作定语一般表示一个被动或已完成动作,-ing分词表示一个主动或正在进行的动作,

-ing分词的被动式则表示一个正在被进行的动作。

例如：a developed/developing country

He is a student loved by all the teachers.

The building being built will be the third Teaching Building of our school.

4．像定语从句一样，分词作定语也有非限制性的，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。

例如：The students, wearing their school uniforms, marched into the playground.

The substance, discovered almost by accident,has greatly changed the world.

【知识过关】

1. The computer center,______last year, is very popular among the students. in the school.

A. open

B. opening

C. having opened

D. opened

2. Most of the artists _______ to the party were from South Africa.

A. invited

B. to invite

C. being invited

D. had been invited

3. There was a terrible noise _______ the sudden burst of light.

A. followed

B. following

C. to be followed

D. being followed

4. Do you know the boy_______ under the big tree?

A. lay

B. lain

C. laying

D. lying

5. Are you going to attend the meeting _______ tomorrow?

A. to be held

B. being held

C. will be held

D. held

※、不定式作定语

不定式作定语一般有以下四种情形：

⑴用于个体名词后，被修饰的名词作不定式的逻辑宾语, 同时句子的主语也是不定式动作的执行者。这种情况下使用不定式的一般体：

[例题]

I can’t find a chair ________.

A. to sit

B. for to sit on

C. to sit on

D. for sitting

I’m not sure which restaurant _______.

A. to eat at

B. eating at

C. to eat on

D. for eating

⑵用于个体名词后，被修饰的名词作不定式的逻辑宾语, 但强调的是不定式动作的执行者、发生的时间或地点时，用不定式一般体的被动形式：例题FIFA has named the 36 referees for the 2012 FIFA World Cup _____ by South Korea and Jap an.

A. to be co-hosted

B. co-hosted

C. being co-hosted

D. co-h

题 What countries do you think will be represented at the six-side peace talk ______ in Beiji ng next month?

A. to hold

B. holding

C. being held

D. to be held

⑶用于个体名词后，和被修饰的名词作不定式的逻辑主语：

[例题]

She is the first person ________ the idea.

A. think of

B. thinking of

C. to think of

D. thought of

This report is urgent. We need someone ______ with the typing.

A. helping

B. to help

C. helped

D. to be helped

※、现在分词作定语

现在分词作定语时，要注意分词所表示动作发生的时间。大体说来，有下面两种情况：

⑴分词表示正在进行的动作，改为定语从句时要用进行时态：

[例题]

I don`t know the man ________ over there.

A. to stand

B. standing

C. stood

D. being stood

It seems that I once met with the man _____ us.

A. served

B. being served

C. to have served

D. serving

⑵如果分词和被修饰名词呈现被动关系，而且，所指动作此刻正在发生，或者是和谓语所表示的动作同时发生，就用现在分词一般体的被动形式：

[例题]

The old man _______ has been ill for months.

A. to operate on

B. operate on

C. operated

D. being operated on

The Three Gorge project ______now on the middle reaches of Yangtse River is the biggest d am of its kind.

※、过去分词作定语

过去分词作定语时，分词表示的动作不仅和所修饰的名词呈被动关系，同时，要么发生于谓语动作之前，要么没有一定的时间性：

[例题]

From the dates ____ on the gold coin, we decided that it was made five hundred years ago.

A. marking

B. marked

C. to be marked

D. having been marked

[例题]

Any applicant form ______ properly will not be accepted by the company.

A. not filled

B. not to be filled

C. not being filled

D. not having been filled

[例题]

The amount of money _____ for the seriously sick child was soon collected.

2．-ing分词和-ed分词作状语

① -ing分词和-ed分词作状语修饰谓语，多说明动作发生的背景、方式或伴随情况。如果在逻辑

上句中的主语与分词有主谓关系，用-ing分词，有动宾关系则用-ed分词。

例如：We enjoyed ourselves in the park, singing and dancing.

Built in 1900, the house is now 100 years old.

② -ing分词和-ed分词都可作原因或时间状语, 其作用相当于一个相应的状语从句。如果在逻辑上句中的主语与分词有主谓关系，用-ing分词，有动宾关系则用-ed分词。

例如:Being so poor in those days, they couldn't send the boy to school.(原因)

Born in a poor family, the boy could not go to school. (原因)

3．-ing分词有时可作结果状语。

例如：Her husband died in the war, leaving her a widow with three children.

We got up very early, arriving at the hospital ahead of time.

4．-ed分词有时用作条件状语，其作用相当于一个条件状语从句。

例如：Given more time, we could have done it much better.

【知识过关】

1. She set out soon after dark _______ home an hour later.

A. arriving

B. to arrive

C. having arrived

D. and arrived

2. "Can't you read?" Mary said _______ to the notice.

A. angrily pointing

B. and point angrily

C. angrily pointed

D. and angrily pointing

3．不定式作原因状语用作原因状语的不定式一般放于句末，偶尔也见于句首。说明谓语动作或状态产生的原因：

※现在分词作状语

使用现在分词作状语时，分词动作的执行者必须是句子的主语。通常有以下三种题型： 1．作伴随状语，表示分词动作同句子谓语动词所表示动作同时进行：

【例题6】

______ the merry tune, Jack fixed the tire.

A. Whistling

B. To whistle

C. Whistled

D. Having been whistled

2．作原因状语。例如：【名题8】

______good , the food was sold out soon.

A. Tasting

B. Tasted

C. Being tasted

D. Having been tasted

3．作时间状语，相当于when 引起的从句：

【名题10】

______the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree _____ out of her life.

A. Seeing; frightened

B. Seeing; frightening

C. Seen; frightened

D. To see; frightening

如果两个动作是同时发生，多用when或while加分词这种结构,例：

⑴ Be careful when crossing the street.

⑵ When leaving the room, she forgot to lock the door.

※过去分词作状语

过去分词作状语，用来说明谓语动作发生的背景或情况，通常有以下几种题型：

1.作原因状语，相当于一个原因状语从句：

______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.

A. Losing

B. Having lost

C. Lost

D. To lose

2.表示一个假设情况，相当于一个条件从句：

______ in this way, the situation doesn’t seem so disappointing...

A. To look at

B. Looked at

C. Looking at

D. To be looked at

3 In order to protect our planet, _____

A. all kinds of pollution should be reduced

B. we should reduce all kinds of pollution

C. the environment should be protected first

D. it’s important to protect our environment

4 The foreign tourists have visited many scenic spots in Shanghai, _____ as interpreter.

A. the guide acts

B. the guide acting

C. acting

D. acted

5 While listening to pop music, _____.

A. she felt asleep

B. the light went out

C. someone knocked at the door

D. and she couldn’t help laughing

6 Having been attacked by terrorists, ______.

A. doctors came to their rescue

B. the tall building collapsed

C. an emergency measure was taken

D. warnings were given to tourists

A Many people looked at him

B So many eyes fixing on him

非谓语动词作定语

二、非谓语动词作定语非谓语动词做定语有以下几种形式； doing 1、作动名词讲时做定语表示用途。比如、living room, swimming pool. 2、作现在分词讲时，所修饰名词或代词与其是一种主谓（主动）关系，有时还表进行。如； falling leaves, the rising sun, boiling water, a developing country, the boy standing on the ground, the man introducing modern technology into China. done(过去分词)表示被动（与所修饰的词是动宾关系）或完成。如；fallen leaves, the risen sun, boiled water, a developed country, the players selected from the whole country. being done 现在分词的被动结构，表是正在被……只做后置定语，即放在所修饰名词之后。如；the bridge being built, the meeting being held. to do （to be done）动词不定式做定语常表示将来，有主动与被动两种形式。 1、所修饰的词与不定式动作是一种被动关系（也可以说动词不定式与所修饰的词是一种动宾关系，即所修饰的词是不定式动作的对象，）这时注意选择是用to do ,还是to be done. 1、I have a lot of readings to complete before the end of this term. 2、His first book to be published next month is based on a true story. 2、所修饰的词与不定式是是一种主谓（主动）关系，这些词前面常常有 the first ,the second, the last, the next, the only等修饰。 1、the next train to arrive is from Washington. 2、The last one to arrive pays the meal. 3、与所修饰的词一种同位关系，这些词通常是ability, way, chance, right, reason, need, wish等。 1、The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself. 2、That’s the way to do it. 注意：1、非谓语动词做定语的时，有时可以与定语从句进行转换。

非谓语动词作状语的用法

分考点 1 不定式作状语 Point 1 做目的状语，意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。 To pass the college entrance exam, we must work hard. 为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。 Mike had to shout to make himself heard above the sound of the music. 麦克不得不大声说话，以便能在如此大的音乐下被别人听见。【特别注意】也可用in order to 或so as to 表示目的，但so as to 不能用于句首。 The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers. 公交车停下来以便搭载乘客。 He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他早起是为了赶上第一版公交车。 Point 2 作结果状语。常表示令人意外的结果。 Only/just to do 表示意想不到的结果 Enough to do 足够做... Too...to do 太...而不能..... So/such... as to...如此...以至于.... I went to see him last night only/ just to find him out. 我昨晚去找他。结果发现他出去了。（表示出乎意料的结果） Mary is too tired to do the job. 玛丽太累了，做不了这项工作。 He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学的年龄了。 Point 3 作原因状语。常用在表示情感或态度的sorry, surprised, disappointed, excited, glad,happy 等形容词后，常用结构为“主语+系动词+形容词+to do”。 Tom was very happy to see his mother. 汤姆看到她的妈妈很高兴。 I was surprised to find him here. 发现他在这里我很开心。【特别注意】easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good 等形容词表示主语的特征或性质，后面接不定式作状语时，不定式和句子主语之间存在被动关系，但常用主语形式表示被动意义。 English is easy to learn. 英语学起来很容易。 The book is very hard to understand. 这本书很难理解。分考点 2 分词作状语形式意义 Doing 主动，进行 Having doing 主动，完成 Done 被动，完成；用作形容词，表状态 Being done 被动，进行，意为“正在被做”

(完整版)高考英语之非谓语动词作定语

高考英语之非谓语动词作定语 ——定语定义：修饰、限定名词或代词特征和品质的词，词组和句子。分为前置定语和后置定语。例如：常见定语形式： ——前置定语 a good girl 一个好女孩，（形容词作定语） women teachers 女教师，（名词作定语） a waiting room 候车室（动名词作定语） the interesting book, 那本有趣的书，（现在分词作定语） fallen leaves 落叶（过去分词作定语） ——后置定语 the boy with short hair, 留短发的那个男孩，（介词短语作定语） weekends available, 空闲的周末（形容词作定语） the man mending a car,修汽车的那个男人，（现在分词作定语） the bike fixed by workers, 工人修好的那辆自行车（过去分词作定语） the train to arrive soon.即将到达的火车（to do 作定语） a bottle full of water 装满水的瓶子（形容词短语作定语） something new 新的东西(形容词作定语) （一）非谓语动词作名词或代词前置定语： 1.doing 作前置定语：（1）当doing 为动名词时，相当于名词使用。表所修饰词的用途。例如：a swimming pool 游泳池 a walking player 随身听 a waiting room 候车室（2）当doing为现在分词时，相当于形容词使用。与所修饰词之间为主动关系，也可表进行。

例如： ——falling leaves 落叶解析：表leaves 与falling之间为主动关系，fall这个动作正在进行中。 ——she is an interesting girl. 她是一个有趣的女孩。解析：interesting修饰girl, 表girl 的特征和品质。指这个女孩令别人觉得有趣。——The dying man has many encouraging books. 那个奄奄一息的人有很多鼓励人的书。解析：dying 修饰man, 表主动、进行。encouraging 修饰books，表其特征和品质。 2. done 作前置定语：done 为过去分词，相当于形容词使用。与所修饰词之间为被动关系，也可表完成。例如： ——fallen leaves 落叶解析：表leaves 处于fallen 状态，即表完成。——There are many finished houses last year in the city. 在这个城市里，有很多去年竣工的房子。解析：houses 与finished 之间为被动关系，也表完成。 ——The girl is sitting there with surprised facial expressions. 那个女孩在坐在那，带着惊讶的表情。解析：surprised 修饰facial expressions, 表the girl 具有惊讶的感受，不表示她的表情令别人惊讶。（二）非谓语动词作名词或代词后置定语。 1. doing 作后置定语：表主动，进行。 ——The girl standing under the tree is called Lucy. 正站在树下的那个女孩叫Lucy. 解析：girl 与standing之间为主动关系，表在发生或持续动作。 ——There are some reasons referring to environment pollution. 有几个涉及到环境污染的原因。解析：referring 作reasons 后置定语，表主动。 ——People can’t forget the person hurting them badly.

非谓语动词作定语语法讲义

非谓语动词作定语语法讲义一．如何判断非谓语动词作的是定语： 1.看横线所在的位置具体方法如下：如果横线放在了名词或名词+逗号之后，则作的是定语。如： The meeting________ yesterday was very important. The university, ________ in 1902, has a history of a century. 2.翻译：翻译时先把句子的主干部分找出来，然后看剩下的部分是不是放在了名词之后，并且能够放在名词之前加“的”翻译，如果是，则作的是定语。如： The meeting________ yesterday was very important. The university, ________ in 1902, has a history of a century. 二．作定语时的逻辑主语：作定语时，逻辑主语就是所修饰的名词。如：The meeting held yesterday was very important. 三．如何确定用什么样的非谓语动词作定语： 1.和逻辑主语之间的主被动关系 2. 时间关系：将要发生、正在发生、已经完成如： 1）The repairs cost a lot, but it’s money well ______. A. to spend B. spent C. being spent D. spending 2）The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket__________ the desert. A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover 3）— The last one __________________ pays the meal. — Agreed! (2007全国卷I) A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving 四．作定语的具体用法： 1. 能作定语的不定式和分词有：to do, to be done, doing, being done, done （务必牢记）. 注：having done 绝对不能作定语。原因：当作定语的非谓语动词的动作明显发生在谓语动词动作之前时，此时不能用非谓语动词作定语，即不能用having done作定语，必须用定语从句作定语。如： The old man, having waited for the bus for half an hour, found he had left his wallet at home.(这句话中的having waited,作的不是定语，而是状语) The old man, who had waited for the bus for half an hour, found he had left his wallet at home 五．作定语的非谓语动词和所修饰的名词之间的关系：

非谓语动词作状语全解讲解

非谓语动词作状语全解不定式和分词作状语的用法一、不定式作状语可以作: 1. 主要用作目的状语。常与 in order to do (为了或 so as to do(以便连用。 so as to 不用于居首。 He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他早起为了赶上第一班车。 He sat down to have a rest.他坐下来休息。 He went to France to learn French。他去法国学习法语。 They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan.他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。 They stopped to ask the way. 他们停下来问路。 (停下来的目的 2.作结果状语。表示出乎意料的结果。做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾,常见的不定式动词有:to find, to hear, to see, to be told, to form, to give, to make, to produce 等。 He hurried to the station only to find the train gone. 他匆匆忙忙地赶到火车站,发现火车已经开走了。 He woke up to find everybody gone. 他醒来发现大家都走了。 His family was too poor to support him.他的家庭太穷,不能维持他的生活。 The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf. 这男孩个子不够高, 手伸不到书架。 He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学年龄了。 He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.他搬起石头砸了自己的脚。

高中语法非谓语动词作定语练习题

非谓语动词作定语练习题一、语法填空 1、The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ___________（range）from butterflies to elephants. 2、To return to the problem of water pollution , I'd like you to look at a study ___________ （conduct）in Australia in 2012. 3、In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message__________(hide) within the work. 4、The park was full of people ____________（enjoy）themselves in the sunshine. 5、Today there are more airplanes______________(carry) more people than ever before in the skies. 6、Last night, there were millions of people _____________(watch)the opening ceremony live on TV. 二、单选 1. Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one ____first is the library. A. repaired B. being repaired C. repairing D. to be repaired 2. I'm calling to enquire about the position ______ in yesterday's China Daily. A. advertised B. to be advertised C. advertising D. having advertised 3. After she completes the project, she’ll have ________. A. nothing to worry about B. nothing to worry C. nothing to be worried about D. nothing worrying about 4. His first book ______ next month is based on a true story. A. published B. to be published C. to publish D. being published 5. The rare fish, _____ from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea. A. saved B. saving C. to be saved D. having saved 6. A great number of students ______ said they were forced to practise the piano. A. to question B. to be questioned C. questioned D. questioning 7. They built a house _____. A. of the things to put in B. of the things to be put in C. for the things to put in D. for the things to be put in 8. That is the only way we can imagine __ the overuse of water in students' bathrooms. A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce 9. There is a great deal of evidence ______that music activities engage different parts of the brain. A. indicate B. indicating C. to indicate D. to be indicating

非谓语动词作状语的用法

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非谓语动词作定语和状语

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