非谓语动词作状语
不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语的比较
1、不定式作目的、原因、结果状语
1）作目的状语：有三种形式，可互换：to do, in order to do, so as to do (不用于句首)
e.g. We eat to live, but we don’t live to eat.
We started early (in order / so as) to avoid being late. 我们一早动身，免得迟到。
（In order ）not to waste electricity, we turned the light off.
Check your composition carefully so as to avoid mistakes. (so as to只能置于主句之后) 【Exercises】
1．—Did the book give the information you needed?
—Yes. But ____ it, I had to read the entire book. 【2008 北京】
A. to find
B. find
C. to be finding
D. finding
2.______this cake, you'll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flour. 【2006广东卷】
A. Having made
B. Make
C. To make
D. Making
2）作原因状语：不定式常放在表示情绪反应的形容词后。如：happy, sorry, glad, sad, surprised, disappointed…不定式不放在句首。
e.g. ：I am sorry to hear that your father is ill.
We are greatly delighted to have a native as our guide.
有一个本地人做向导，我们真是太高兴了。
【Exercises】
1. I feel greatly honored ____ into their society. 【2008北京卷】
A. to welcome
B. welcoming
C. to be welcomed
D. welcomed
3) 作结果状语：不定式作结果状语通常表意外的结果。
e.g. I opened the door to find the room empty. 我打开门，结果发现房间是空的。
【attention】：①. 动词不定式前可以加上only, 更加强调‘意外，想不到’。还可加never, 表示‘没有再…’
e.g. He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.
他匆忙到了车站结果却发现火车已经离开了。
They parted, never to see each other again. 他们分手了，从此没有再见面。
②. 动词不定式作结果状语的其他几种方式：so + adj. / adv. + as to, such + n. + as to,
too…to , enough to等。
e.g. Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle / tell me the time?
They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet.________________________________
He worked hard only to fail. _______________________________________
他匆匆忙忙的跑到车站，结果却发现火车已经走了。
_______________________________________________________________
2. He hurried to the booking office only _________that all the tickets had been sold out. 06陕西卷）A. to tell B. to be told C. telling D. told
注意：不定式做结果状语的固定搭配
①so …as to …
Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle / tell me the time?
I’m not such a fool as to believe that.
His eyesight is too poor to read such small letters.
The boy is old enough to go to school.
2、分词（现在分词、过去分词）可作时间、条件、让步、方式、原因、结果状语，就不作目的
状语。注：表示时间、条件或让步的分词，有时可带上连词（if, unless, when, while, once（一旦）though, although）
1）现在分词作状语：
e.g. ①. (While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. 【作时间状语】
Hearing the news, they all danced for joy. 听到这个消息，他们都高兴得跳起舞来。
②．Being a League member, he is always helping others. 作为一个团员，他总是乐于助人。
Being students, we must study hard. 【作原因状语】
③．He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 【作伴随状语】
She wrote him a friendly letter, thanking him for his help.
他写了一封友好的信给他，感谢他的帮助。
④．Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. 【作条件状语】
⑤．He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces 【作结果状语】
His parents died last year, leaving him an orphan.
他的父母亲去年死了，使他成为了一个孤儿。
⑥．Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 【作让步状语】
Feeling tired, he went on running. 尽管感觉累，他还是继续跑。
2）过去分词作状语：
e.g. ①. Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 【作时间状语】
Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.
从被党接受的那一刻起，他决定要把他的一生致力于党的事业。
②．Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.
Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.
受到演讲的激励，年轻人下定决心开始进行斗争。【作原因状语】
③．The old man went into the room, supported by his wife. 【作伴随状语】
④．Given another chance, he will do better. 【作条件状语】
⑤．Wounded, the brave soldier continued to fight.
虽然受伤了，但这名勇敢的战士还继续作战。【作让步状语】
【Summary】：分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果分词与句子的主语是主动关系，用doing表示与谓语动词同时发生或进行的动作，用having done表示在谓语动词之前发生的动作。如果分词与句子的主语是被动关系，则用done强调在谓语动词之前发生的动作，也可用having been done.
【attention】：①. 不定式与现在分词引导结果状语的区别：
e.g. 1. He got home to learn that his father was ill.
2. They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet. 他们搬起石头却砸了自己的脚。
3. I ran to the school, only to be informed that I wasn't admitted by Beijing University.
我跑到学校，却被告知我没有被北大所录取。
4. It rained heavily, causing severe flooding.
雨下得很大，导致了非常严重的涝灾。
5. He cut off the electricity quickly, preventing an accident.
他快速地切断了电，避免了一场事故。
【summary】：不定式做结果状语通常表示的是一个未曾料到的不愉快的结果，前可加only作为结果状语的现在分词短语所表示的都是谓语动词的直接结果，是意料中的结
果。分词短语前有时可加上副词thus或thereby（因而、因此）。
(only) to do →出乎意料干某事
(thus / thereby) doing →顺理成章干某事
②.英语中有些形容词化的过去分词（短语），常省略be动词，在句中作状语。常见的有：be lost in, be faced with, be located in, be dressed in, be tired of等等。
e.g. Faced with so many problems, he felt depressed.
Located in the centre of Longhui, NO.1 Middle School of LH is the best school in the town.
③．有时“with（without） + 名词（或代词宾语） + 分词”的结构，表示伴随状况。
e.g. With the lights burning, he fell asleep.
With so much work filling my mind, I almost break down.
【Exercises】
(1) __________in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. 【2005湖南】
A. Dressed
B. To dress
C. Dressing
D. Having dressed
(2) _____ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize. 【2006全国Ⅰ】
A. Surprising
B. Surprised
C. Being surprised
D. To be surprising
(3)______with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. 【2006四川卷】
A. Faced
B. Face
C. Facing
D. To face
(4). When_______ help, one often says ― Thank you. ‖ or ― It ’ s kind of you. ‖【2005福建】
A. offering
B. to offer
C. to be offered
D. offered
(5). At he end of 2002, there were around 3,000 foreign printing companies in China , __ up around 2
percent of national total.
A. made
B. to make
C. making
D. having made
(6)．European football is played in 80 countries, __it the most popular sports in the world.
A. making
B. makes
C. made
D. to make
(7). With a lot of difficult problems ______ , the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled
B. settling
C. to settle
D. being settled
(8). With a lot of difficult problems ______, they decided to take a few days off.
A. settling
B. to settle
C. being settled
D. settled
(9). I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise ______. 【05北京】
A. going on
B. does on
C. went on
D. to go on
(10). With all the things he _______ , he went home at once.
A. needed buy
B. needed bought
C. needed buying
D. need buy
(11). Faced with a bill for ＄10,000,________. 【06陕西卷】
A. John has taken an extra job
B. the boss has given john an extra job
C. an extra job has been taken
D. an extra job has been given to John
(12). Having been attacked by terrorists, ________.【2004上海】
A. doctors cane to their rescue
B. the tall building collapsed
C. an emergency measure was taken
D. warnings were given to tourists
(13). In order to improve English, . 【2001上海】
A. Jenny’s father bought her a lot of tapes
B. Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herself
C. a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny
D. a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny’s father
(13). Pressed from his parents, and _________ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined
to stop playing video games. 【12 福建卷】
A. realizing
B. realized
C. to realize
D. being realized
(14). ________ an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.
A. Based
B. Basing
C. Base
D. To base 【12 江苏】
(15). With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank ______ presents for
my dad. 【全国卷】
A. buy
B. to buy
C. buying
D. to have bought
当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，分词前必须加上自己的主语，此结构被称为独立主格结构。如：
Nobody to come tomorrow, we will have to put off the meeting till next week.
So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed.
She ran up to me, her hair flying in the wind.
All the tickets _________(sell out), they went away disappointedly.
Time ______(permit) , we'll do another two exercises.
There _____ (be) no bus, we had to walk home .
His hands ____ （tie）by the policeman, his face went pale with fear.
1. I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _______ in a year.
A. follows
B. followed
C. to follow
D. being followed
2. All things _______, I think we ought to give the job to George.
A. considered
B. considering
C. to consider
D. being considered
3. The river _______ in the night, the crossing was impossible.
A. to rise
B. rose
C. having risen
D. being risen
4. More time _______, we should have done the job much better.
A. to give
B. give
C. being given
D. given
5. We shall play the match tomorrow, weather _______.
A. permits
B. permitting
C. to permit
D. permitted
6. The monitor _______ ill, we’d better put the meeting off.
A. being
B. to be
C. been
D. to have been
7. An important lecture _______ given tomorrow, the professor has to stay up late into the night.
A. to be
B. being
C. been
D. to have been
8. He was lying on the grass, his hands _______ under his head.
A. to cross
B. crossed
C. crossing
D. to be crossing
9. Tom _______ late over and over, his boss was very disappointed.
A. having been
B. been
C. to be
D. to being
10. Other things _______ equal, I would buy the black dress not the white one.
A. being
B. to be
C. been
D. having been
注意：
有些短语的逻辑主语可以和句子的主语不一致，他们在句子中作独立成分
To tell you the truth/To be frank, I don't like the way he talked.
★必背：用作独立成分的不定式
to tell you the truth / to be frank /to be honest/ to begin/start with/ to be brief 简言之to make a long story short 长话短说to be exact 精确地说/ to make matters worse/ to say nothing of 姑且不说to conclude /to be sure 诚然，固然rankly/strictly/roughly/exactly speaking, generally speaking, judging from..., considering..., talking of..., supposing... providing，seeing that（考虑到），allowing for(把…考虑到内)，given, provided
Judging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor.
_________________________________________________________________
告诉你实话吧，我不同意你的建议。
________________________________________________________________
令事情更加糟糕的事，我的钱包又丢了。
_________________________________________________________
考虑到距离，他快速动身了。
_______________________________________________________
非谓语作状语总结
非谓语动词作状语多表示伴随状态，或事情发生的原因，结果，时间，条件等。
注意，作目的状语只能是_不定式，也可用in order to / so as to +动词原形。
解题诀窍：找逻辑主语，辩逻辑关系，析动作先后
巩固练习
1. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good ______.
A. to be breathed
B. to breathe
C. breathing
D. being breathed
2._______ in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring.
A. To walk.
B. Walking
C. Walked
D. Having walked
3. ______ in the queen for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized be had left the cheque in the car.
A. Waiting
B. To wait
C. Having Waited
D. To have waited
4. – Can those ____ at the back of the classroom hear me?
A. seat
B. sit
C. seated
D. sat
5. The trees _____ in the storm have been moved off the road.
A. being blown down
B. blown down
C. blowing down
D. to blow down
6. _____ the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.
A. Completing
B. Complete
C. Completed
D. To complete
7. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English ______ as much as we can.
A. speak.
B. speaking
C. spoken
D. to speak
8. Lucy’s new job paid twice as much as she had made ______ in the restaurant.
A. working
B. work
C. to work
D. worked
9. I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention _____ when we talked on the phone.
A. to promote
B. having been promoted
C. having promoted
D. to be promoted
10. We finished the run in less than half the time ____.
A. allowing
B. to allow
C. allowed
D. allows
11. He was busy writing a story, only ______ once in a while to smoke a cigarette.
A. to stop
B. stopping
C. to have stopped
D. having stopped
12. _________ around the Water Cube, we were then taken to see the Bird’s Nest for the 2008 Olympic Games.
A. Having shown
B. To be shown
C. Having been shown
D. To show
13. We had an anxious couple of weeks _____ for the results of the experiment.
A. wait
B. to be waiting
C. waited
D. waiting
14. ______that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.
A. Not realized
B. Not to realize
C. Not realizing
D. Not to have realized
15. It is one of the funniest things ______ on the Internet so far this year.
A. finding
B. being found
C. to find
D. found
16. ______ that she was going off to slee p, I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed.
A. Seeing
B. To see
C. See
D. Seen
17. –Did the book give the information you needed?
–Yes. But _____ it, I had to read the entire book.
A. to find
B. find
C. to finding
D. finding
18. I feel greatly honored ____ into their society.
A. to welcome
B. welcoming
C. to be welcomed
D. welcomed
19. _____ their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.
A. To throw
B. Thrown
C. Throwing
D. Being thrown
20. __ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.
A. Fail
B. Failed
C. To fail
D. Having failed
21. My sister, an inexperienced rider, was found sitting on the bicycle ___ to balance it.
A. having tried
B. trying
C. to try
D. tried
22. If there is a lot of work ___, I'm happy to just keep on until it is finished.
A. to do
B. to be doing
C. done
D. doing
23. Something as simple as ___ some cold water may clear your mind and relive pressure.
A. to drink
B. drinking
C. to be drinking
D. drunk
24. Ideally ___ for Broadway theatre and Fifth Avenue, the New York Park hotel is a favourite with many guests.
A. locating
B. being located
C. having been located
D. located
25 _____that it was going to snow, the climbers decided to put off their attempt on the highest mountain.
A. Having told
B. Having been told
C. Tell
D. Telling
26. _____ time and labor, cartoonists generally draw the hands of their characters with only 3 fingers and a thumb.
A. To save
B. Saved
C. Saving
D. Having saved
27 Hoping he would not be seen, Bob stole in, _____ his schoolbag and rushed out.
A. picking up
B. picked up
C. to pick up
D. having picked up
28_____ the distance was too long and the time was short, we decided not to drive to Florida.
A. Discovering
B. To discover
C. To have discovered
D. Discovered
29 He sent me an e-mail, ______ to get further information.
A. hoped
B. hoping
C. to hope
D. hope
30 _____ nice and delicious, the fried chicken was soon sold out.
A. Tasted
B. Being tasted
C. Tasting
D. To taste
31 The purpose of new drugs used on patients is to make them less painful, _____ them more terrible.
A. not make
B. not to make
C. not making
D. do not make
32 —What do you think of last night’s lecture?
— _____ speaking, I thought it was rather boring.
A. Real
B. General
C. Fair
D. Honestly
33 He was so foolish _________ his car unlocked in the public park last night.
A to leave
B that leave
C as to leave
D for him to leave
34When ______, the museum will be open to the public next year.
A. completed
B. completing
C. being completed
D. to be completed
35 The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ______ whether he was going in the right direction.
A. seeing
B. having seen
C. to have seen
D. to see
36 The news reporters hurried to the airport, only ______ the film stars had left.
A. to tell
B. to be told
C. telling
D. told
37.The research is so designed that once______ nothing can be done to change it.
A. begins
B. having begun
C. beginning
D. begun
38. Generally speaking, ______ according to directions, the drug has no side-effect.
A. when taking
B. when taken
C. when to take
D. when to be taken
39. _______ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police.
A. Having lost
B. lost
C. Being lost
D. Losing
40. The repairs cost a lot，but it’s money well ＿＿＿.
A. to spend
B. spent
C. being spent
D. spending
Keys
1. To sleep late in the morning , Bob turned off the alarm.
2. To improve the employees’ working efficiency, the supervisor will allow them to have a
coffee break.
Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.
Seeing those pictures, we couldn’t help thinking of those days in Beingjing.
AC
I am pleased to see you.
C
He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left.
B
Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.
Seeing these pictures, we couldn’t help thinking of those days in Beijing.
Not knowing his address, we couldn’t get in touch with him.
Having studied in this school for one year, I am familiar with it.
He is sitting at the table, reading.
The children went out of the room, chatting and laughing.
Working hard at English, you will make greater progress.
Turning to the left, you will find the path leading to our school.
Her husband died, leaving her with two children.
The fire lasted for two months, leaving the house in ruins.
.CA
Though feeling tired, he keeps on running.
Though admitting you are right, I do not agree with you.
Once seen , it will never be forgotten.
D
If / When heated, water changes into steam.
Laughed at by many people, he continued his study.
Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job.
ABA
1) ----8) CDABABBC
1—10 CACDB AABAA
To tell you the truth, I do not agree to your suggestion.
To make matters worse, my purse was gone.
Considering the distance, he set off quickly.
巩固练习
1-5 BBCCB 6-10 DCABC 11-15 BBDCD 16-20 AACCD
21-25 BABDB 26-30 ABABC 31-35 BDAAD 36-40 BDBBB
分考点 1 不定式作状语 Point 1 做目的状语，意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。 To pass the college entrance exam, we must work hard. 为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。 Mike had to shout to make himself heard above the sound of the music. 麦克不得不大声说话，以便能在如此大的音乐下被别人听见。 【特别注意】也可用in order to 或so as to 表示目的，但so as to 不能用于句首。 The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers. 公交车停下来以便搭载乘客。 He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他早起是为了赶上第一版公交车。 Point 2 作结果状语。常表示令人意外的结果。 Only/just to do 表示意想不到的结果 Enough to do 足够做... Too...to do 太...而不能..... So/such... as to...如此...以至于.... I went to see him last night only/ just to find him out. 我昨晚去找他。结果发现他出去了。（表示出乎意料的结果） Mary is too tired to do the job. 玛丽太累了，做不了这项工作。 He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学的年龄了。 Point 3 作原因状语。常用在表示情感或态度的sorry, surprised, disappointed, excited, glad,happy 等形容词后，常用结构为“主语+系动词+形容词+to do”。 Tom was very happy to see his mother. 汤姆看到她的妈妈很高兴。 I was surprised to find him here. 发现他在这里我很开心。 【特别注意】easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good 等形容词表示主语的特征或性质，后面接不定式作状语时，不定式和句子主语之间存在被动关系，但常用主语形式表示被动意义。 English is easy to learn. 英语学起来很容易。 The book is very hard to understand. 这本书很难理解。 分考点 2 分词作状语 形式意义 Doing 主动，进行 Having doing 主动，完成 Done 被动，完成；用作形容词，表状态 Being done 被动，进行，意为“正在被做”
非谓语动词作状语之分词作状语 一、考点风向标 高考完形填空、阅读理解中（长难句分析） 怎么考高考语法填空中（已给单词正确形式填空） 高考短文改错中 运用在高考作文中，必得高分 二、考场点将台 动词不定式（to do） 非谓语动词作状语现在分词（doing） 过去分词（done） 构成形式： 总结： 分词做状语（时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随等）：doing 与句子主语是主动关系，表示与谓语动词同时或基本同时发生having done 与句子主语是主动关系，表示先于谓语动词发生
done与句子主语是被动关系，表示完成 being done与句子主语是被动关系，表示与谓语动词同时发生，一般在句首做原因状语 having been done与句子主语是被动关系，表示先于谓语动词发生 三、开始练兵 请观察下列例句，找出非谓语动词，并且判断做什么成分 1. Asked why he did it，he said it was his duty. ( ) 2. Hearing the news, they immediately set off for shanghai.( ) 3. He wandered down the street, not knowing where to go. ( ) 4. His parents died in the war, leaving him an orphan. ( ) 5. Knowing where I live，he never comes to see me. ( ) 6. The old man got on the bus, supported by a girl. ( ) 7. Having finished his homework, Tom went to play basketball. ( ) 8. Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistakes. ( ) 9. Working hard, you’ll succeed one day. ( ) students came into the classroom, talking and laughing. ( ) 11. Being repaired now，this classroom can not be used. ( ) TIPS:仔细观察主从句的结构，看看它和复合句有什么区别 总结归纳： （1）非谓语句式特点复合句句式特点 1. 非谓语动词+句子 1. 主句+连词+从句 2. 句子+非谓语动词 2. 连词+从句+主句
英语非谓语动词专项习题及答案解析及解析 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．（北京）During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes. A．share B．to share C．having shared D．shared 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在中秋节期间，家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼。gather是谓语动词，“_________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes”是状语，家人聚在一起的目的是吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼，表目的用动词不定式，故B选项正确。 点睛：动词不定式可以做主语，状语，定语，宾语，表语等。动词不定式做目的状语时，可以置于主句之前也可以置于主句之后，通常译为“为了”。 2． the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level. A．Find B．Finding C．To find D．Found 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在发现课程非常难的同时，她决定转移到较低层次。find与主语是逻辑主谓关系，应使用现在分词，表主动和进行，做伴随状语。故选B。 【点睛】 首先要分析句子知道非谓语动词是做的什么成分，然后根据和修饰语的关系决定是现在分词还是过去分词或者不定式。这题是做伴随状语，she和find是主动关系，用现在分词做状语。 3．Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work _______, we refused his offer. A．not finishing B．had not been finished C．not having finished D．not finished 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：在这里，our work处在逗号位置，作整个句子的原因状语，这里应填非谓语动词。work和finish存在逻辑上的被动关系，所以应该用过去分词，故选D。 考点：独立主格结构的考查 点评：独立主格结构（Independent Genitive）由两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。独立主格结构本身不
非谓语动词作状语全解 不定式和分词作状语的用法 一、不定式作状语可以作: 1. 主要用作目的状语。常与 in order to do (为了或 so as to do(以便连用。 so as to 不用于居首。 He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他早起为了赶上第一班车。 He sat down to have a rest.他坐下来休息。 He went to France to learn French。他去法国学习法语。 They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan.他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。 They stopped to ask the way. 他们停下来问路。 (停下来的目的 2.作结果状语。表示出乎意料的结果。做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾,常见的不定式动词有:to find, to hear, to see, to be told, to form, to give, to make, to produce 等。 He hurried to the station only to find the train gone. 他匆匆忙忙地赶到火车站,发现火车已经开走了。 He woke up to find everybody gone. 他醒来发现大家都走了。 His family was too poor to support him.他的家庭太穷,不能维持他的生活。 The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf. 这男孩个子不够高, 手伸不到书架。 He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学年龄了。 He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.他搬起石头砸了自己的脚。
基础写作训练8 非谓语动词作状语 ●熟悉句型 非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词三种。非谓语动词的使用会使结构简洁明朗，信息量大，是英语作文中最大的亮点。因此，正确使用非谓语动词是高考作文获得高分的一个法宝。 不定式做状语可表示目的、结果或原因，而分词做状语可表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步，行为方式、伴随状况等。为了强调，还可以与while,when,once,if,unless等连词连用。 1.Finding the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level. _________________________________________________________ 2.I stopped the car to take a rest as I was feeling tired. _________________________________________________________ https://www.doczj.com/doc/9f12619862.html,ed with care, one tin will last for six weeks. _________________________________________________________ 4.The machine is very easy to operate. ●学以致用 I．使用非谓语动词改写下列句子。 1.People usually shake hands when they are introduced to each other. _________________________________________________________ 2.Because the boy was greatly to uched by his teacher’s words, he did a lot of things to help his classmates. _________________________________________________________ 3.Even if I’m invited, I won’t take part in the party. _________________________________________________________ 4.The teacher entered the classroom, and he was followed by a group of students. _________________________________________________________ 5.Because I didn’t know how to get in touch with him, I turned to his brother. _________________________________________________________ 6.Since I haven’t met him before, I don’t know what he is like. _________________________________________________________ 7.His parents were very poor, and couldn’t afford to send him to school. _________________________________________________________ 8.The worker wrote to the police and disclosed who stole the money. _________________________________________________________ II．根据以上改写内容进行一对一再练习。 1.当受到他人的表扬时，你应该保持谦虚。 _________________________________________________________
分考点1不定式作状语 Poi nt 1做目的状语，意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。 To pass the college entrance exam, we must work hard. 为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。 Mike had to shout to make himself heard above the sound of the music. 麦克不得不大声说话，以便能在如此大的音乐下被别人听见。 【特别注意】也可用in order to或so as to表示目的，但so as to不能用于句首。 The bus stopped so as to pick up passe ngers. 公交车停下来以便搭载乘客。 He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他早起是为了赶上第一版公交车。 Point 2作结果状语。常表示令人意外的结果。 Only/just to do 表示意想不到的结果 Enough to do 足够做... Too...to do太…而不能..... So/such... as to...如此...以至于.... I went to see him last ni ght only/ just to find him out. 我昨晚去找他。结果发现他出去了。（表示出乎意料的结果） Mary is too tired to do the job. 玛丽太累了，做不了这项工作。 He is old eno ugh to go to school. 他到上学的年龄了。 Poi nt 3作原因状语。常用在表示情感或态度的sorry, surprised, disappo in ted, excited, glad,happy等形容词后，常用结构为"主语+系动词+形容词+to do ”。 Tom was very happy to see his mother. 汤姆看到她的妈妈很高兴。 I was surprised to find him here. 发现他在这里我很开心。 【特另U注意】easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expe nsive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good 等形容词表示主语的特征或性质，后面接不定式作状语时，不定式和句子主语之间存在被动关系，但常用主语形式表示被动意义。 En glish is easy to learn.英语学起来很容易。 The book is very hard to un dersta nd. 这本书很难理解。
非谓语动词不定式和分词作状语 一、不定式作状语可以作： 1．主要用作。常与连用。so as to 不用于居首。 He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 。 He sat down to have a rest. He went to France to learn French。 2．状语。表示的结果。做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的 He hurried to the station only to find the train gone. 3．表示喜怒哀乐的形容词作表语其后的不定式作状语。表示引起这种情绪变化的原因。 I’m sorry not to have come on Tuesday. I am very glad to see you. We are glad to hear the news． 二、不定式做状语时应该注意： 1．not/never too…to do, too…not to do, but/only too… to do, too ready to do, too eager to do表示肯定意义。 He is too careful not to have noticed that. I am only too glad to help you. I am only never too glad to know you. He is only too ready to help others, seldom, if ever, refusing them when they turn to him. 2．不定式做状语时，其逻辑主语一般为，否则用for引导主语。We studied hard to pass the exam. 不定式做目的状语其逻辑主语是we。 Li Ming’s mother went to the lecture hall early for him to get a good seat. 三、分词作状语可以作: 1． Hearing the noise, I turned round. Having done my shopping, I returned home. 2． Not having received a reply, he decided to write again. Reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch． 3． Reading carefully，you'll learn something new． Working hard, you will surely succeed. 4． They stood by the roadside talking about the plan． The boy sat in front of the farm house cutting the branch. He came running back to tell me the news. 5． A lot of good land has gone with them, leaving only sand. A hurricane hit this area last night, blowing down a lot of trees.
非谓语动词 一般式：to do 主动将来目的--- to be done doing 主动进行----being done done 被动完成完成式：to have done --- to have been done having done --- having been done 进行式：to be doing--- to be being done 非谓语动词的否定式的not 在非谓语动词之前加。 做状语：分词作状语 1.分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。2. 分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，否则不能使用分词作状语。 例如：Seeing from the hill, I found that our school is beautiful. Seen from the hill, our school is beautiful. 分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。 Hearing the news, they got excited. (时间) Having been bitten by a snake, she was frightened at it. (原因) Given a chance, I can surprise the world. (条件) The cup dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces. (结果) Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. (让步) The teacher came into the lab, followed by / following some students. (伴随状况) to do 作状语，可以表示目的或者出乎意料的结果。 To improve my English, I intend to practice reading English texts everyday. I hurried to the airport, only to find the plane had taken off. 1．Mr. Brown came in two students. A. follow B. followed C. followed by D. to follow 2．from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine wherever he goes. A. Suffered B. Suffering C. Having suffered D. Being suffered 3. The population of Korea is now very small, one tenth of the people living in Australia. A. made up B. to make up C. making up D. makes up 4. ──Why did he make marks on some trees?── his way back easily. A. Find B. To find C. Finding D. In order to finding 5. such difficult work before, he felt it was terribly hard for him. A. Not having done B. Not have done C. Having not done D. Not having been done 6. Once lost, ______________. A. it is hard to get such a chance again. B. to get such a chance will be difficult C. one can never get such a chance again D. such a chance might never come again 7. ，tears came into his eyes. A. Moved by her words B. Moving by her words C. He was moved by her words D. Because he was moved by her words 8. Yesterday, I called you, you some information on computer. A. asked B. asking C. and ask D. to ask 9. ____his father, Wang Lin entered the room, ____ by his two brothers. A. Follow, follow B. Following; follow C. Followed; following D. Following; followed 10. The young man rushed out of the room, _____ into his car and started it hurriedly, ___ to get home as soon as possible. A. got; hoped B. getting; and hoped C. got; hoping D. getting; hoped 11. , all the students shouted and jumped with joy. A. To be excited B. Having been excited C. Exciting D. Being excited 12. from the moon, the earth looks like a water-covered globe. A. Watching B. Looked C. Seen D. Seeing 13. the seriousness of pollution, all countries in the world have made an agreement that they will fight against it together. A. Realized B. Having realized C. To realize D. Realizing 14. Jenny went to the reading room, the door . A. finding…locked B. found…locked C. to find…being locked D. and found…locking 15. her accent, she must be from Northeast China. A. Judge by B. Judged by C. Judged from D. Judging from 16. by the story in the movie, we could not help tears. A. Deeply moved…shed （流下） B. Moved deeply…shed C. Deeply moved…shedding D. Moved deeply…shedding
非谓语动词作状语用法详解 一、不定式作状语 不定式作状语常常考查的有以下三方面知识： ⒈不定式作目的状语 一方面不定式可以独立作目的状语；另一方面不定式还可以用在 so as (to) 或 in order (to) 后，表示目的。从结构上讲，不定式作目的状语放于句首时，通常用逗号和句子隔开；如果放于句末，通常不用逗号： 【名题1】 (2003北京海淀区高三第二学期期中练习· 26) _____ their service, the workers of the hotel are active in learning English. A. Improving B. To improve C. Improved D. Having improved 【解析】本题考查非谓语动词作状语。不定式放于句首，说明了酒店员工积极学习英语的目的。答案为B。 【名题2】 (2003北京东城区高三总复习练习（一）· 26) ______ time and labour, cartoonists generally draw the hands of their charac ters with only three fingers and a thumb. A. To save B. Saved C. Saving D. Having saved
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词作状语。不定式放于句首，说明了漫画家在画人物的手指时为什么只画三个手指和一个大拇指。答案为A。 【名题3】(’99SHMET· 18) —Mum. Why do you always make me eat an egg every day? —_______ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be 【解析】本题考查非谓语动词作状语。分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、伴随情况；不定式作状语多表示目的和结果。问句以why 开头，暗示了要用非谓语动词作目的状语。作目的状语的不定式可用in order to 来引起；有时为了强调，也常常放在句首。答案为C。 2．不定式作结果状语不定式作结果状语时放于句末，其前面时常有副词only （In the last analysis or final outcome:—最后的分析，最终结果：）： 【名题4】 (2004陕西省高三调研题· 27) The American troops tried many times to break into the mosque, _______eac h time. A. beaten back B. only to be beaten back C. being beaten back D. having been beaten back
非谓语动词作状语练习 (A)（时间原因条件状语） 1. ____ anything about the accident, he went to work as usual. A. Not known B. Knowing not C. Known not D. Not knowing 2. _______ more attention, the trees could have grown better. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given 3. ____ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding 4. _____ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land. A. Being encouraged B. Encouraging C. Encouraged D. Having encouraged 5. _____ the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into the interna tional stars. A. Giving B. Having given C. To give D. Given 6. _____ that he was in great danger， Eric walked deeper into the forest. A. Not realized B. Not to realize C. Not realizing D. Not to have realized 7. ______ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend two days on the farm. A. Attracting B. Attracted C. To be attracted D. Having attracted 8. ____ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we changed our dog. A. Being bitten B. Bitten C. Having bitten D. To be bitten 9. _____ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given 10. ___ the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. A. Approaching B. Approached C. To approach D. To be approached 11. ____not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. A. Reminding B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded 12. _____ by the loud noise. I went to see what was happening. A. Having frightened B. Frightening C. To be frightened D. Frightened 13. ____ untidy, his bedroom needs doing out. A. Look B. Looking C. Looked D. To look 14. ______ with such great difficulty , Jack felt at a loss ________. A. Facing; what to say B. Faced; what to say C. Having faced; how to tell D. Being faced; how to speak 15. ______ in white, she looks much more beautiful. A. Wearing B. Dressing C. Dressed D. Having dressed 16. ______ in the fog, we were forced to spend two hours in the woods. A. To lose B. Losing C. Lost D. Having lost 17. _____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. Being lost 18. _____ many times, he finally understood it. A. Told B. Telling C. Having told D. Having been told 19. _____ to reach them on the phone，we sent an email instead. A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed 20. ____ in the queue for half an hour，the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. A. Waiting B. To wait C. Having waited D. To have waited
分考点1 不定式作状语 Point 1 做目的状语，意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。 To pass the college entrance exam, we must work hard. 为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。 Mike had to shout to make himself heard above the sound of the music. 麦克不得不大声说话，以便能在如此大的音乐下被别人听见。 【特别注意】也可用in order to 或so as to 表示目的，但so as to 不能用于句首。 The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers. 公交车停下来以便搭载乘客。 He got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他早起是为了赶上第一版公交车。 Point 2 作结果状语。常表示令人意外的结果。 Only/just to do 表示意想不到的结果 Enough to do 足够做... Too...to do 太...而不能..... So/such... as to...如此...以至于.... I went to see him last night only/ just to find him out. 我昨晚去找他。结果发现他出去了。（表示出乎意料的结果） Mary is too tired to do the job. 玛丽太累了，做不了这项工作。 He is old enough to go to school. 他到上学的年龄了。 Point 3 作原因状语。常用在表示情感或态度的sorry, surprised, disappointed, excited, glad,happy 等形容词后，常用结构为“主语+系动词+形容词+to do”。 Tom was very happy to see his mother. 汤姆看到她的妈妈很高兴。 I was surprised to find him here. 发现他在这里我很开心。 【特别注意】easy, difficult, hard, cheap, expensive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good 等形容词表示主语的特征或性质，后面接不定式作状语时，不定式和句子主语之间存在被动关系，但常用主语形式表示被动意义。 English is easy to learn. 英语学起来很容易。 The book is very hard to understand. 这本书很难理解。
一．非谓语动词 ※不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别： 【知识点拨】 1．不定式作定语 ①不定式作定语常用于不定代词或被the first/next/only/last等修饰的名词和其他一些名词、代词之后。其中，不定式的一般式通常表示一个将来或经常性的动作，完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。 例如：She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave. ②如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词. 例如：Let's first find a room to live in / to put the things in. We have nothing to worry about.(=There is nothing for us to worry about.) ③不定式作定语修饰一个在逻辑上是其宾语名词时,若在句子中能找到该不定式的逻辑主语, 则该不定式多用主动表被动，否则，用被动式。 例如：I have a lot of things to do today. ( I ... do ... things) 2．-ing分词作定语 ①单个的-ing分词作定语一般前置,说明名词的性质、特征或用途等,-ing短语作定语一般后置；强调动作的单个-ing分词也常后置。 例如：a sleeping car ( = a car for sleeping ) a sleeping child ( = a child who is sleeping ) the boy standing there ( = the boy who is standing there ) The girl singing is my classmate. ② -ing分词作定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或是在说话时该动作正在进行，否则，要用从句作定语。 例如：Do you know the boy talking ( = who is talking ) to the teacher? Did you notice the boy sitting ( = who was sitting ) at this desk yesterday? 3．-ed分词作定语 -ed分词作定语一般表示一个被动或已完成动作,-ing分词表示一个主动或正在进行的动作, -ing分词的被动式则表示一个正在被进行的动作。
非谓语动词作状语练习 1. Though ____ of the danger，he still went skating on the thin ice. A. warning B. to warn C. warn D. warned 2. ____ from this point of view，the question will be of great importance. A. Considering B. Considered C. Being considered D. Consider 3. ____ and ____，they ran out of the room. A. Being excited；happily B. Exciting；happy C. Exciting；happily D. Excited；happy 4. ____ deep down in the earth，the dead forests rotted away and became coal. A. Buried B. Burying C. To bury D. Being buried 5. If ____ green，the door might look more beautiful. A. paint B. painted C. painting D. to paint 6. Eva，____ in Canada，lived and practiced law in America. A. was born B. he was born C. although born D. being born 7. Anna was reading a piece of science fiction，____ completely to the outside world. A. being lost B. having lost C. losing D. lost 8. Everything ____，it wasn’t a bad holiday. A. considering B. considered C. to consider D. consider 9. ____ with a difficult situation，Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing 10. When first ____ to the market，these products enjoyed great success. A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced 11. ____，the old man is living a happy life. A. Taking good care B. Taken good care C. Having taken good care D. Taken good care of 12. He was sitting there，____ in deep thought. A. lose B. lost C. loss D. losing 13. We are certain that everything will go well as ________________ (像计划一样). (plan) 14. _________________ (竣工时)，the museum will be open to the public next year. (complete) 15. ______________________ (更关注的话), the trees could have grown better. (attention) 16.____________________ (到达火车站),we had a break, only ___________ (却发现) the train had left. (arrive; discover) 17.______ (看着)these pictures, I couldn’t help thinking of those days when I was in Being and ______ (看) from the top of a thirty-storied building, Beijing looks more beautiful. (see; see) 18.______(昂着) his head high, the manager walked into the room to attend the meeting _____________ (举行) soon. (hold; hold) 19. Her husband died in 1980 and had nothing ______ (留下)to her, only ______ (留下) her five children. 20._____________ (画) maps properly, you need a special pen. (draw) 21. Greatly ____________ (感动于) her words, he could hardly hold back his tears. (move) 22. Sometimes new ideas have to be tested many times before ___________ (完全接受) . (accept)