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2000年年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海 物理试卷考生注意：1．全卷共8页，24题，在120分钟内完成。
2．第21、22、23、24题要求写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤，只写出最后答案，而未写出主要演算过程的，不能得分，有数字计算的问题，答案中必须明确写出数值和单位。
一、（50分）选择题，本大题共10小题，每小题5分，每小题给出的四个答案中，至少有一个是正确的，把正确的答案全选出来，并将正确答案前面的字母填写在题后的方括号内，每一小题全选对的得5分；选对但不全的，得部分分；有选错或不答的，得0分，填写在方括号外的字母，不作为选出的答案。
1．下列关于光的说法中正确的是（A ）在真空中红光波长比紫光波长短。
（B ）红光光子能量比紫光光子能量小。
（C ）红光和紫光相遇时能产生干涉现象（D ）红光照射某金属时有电子向外发射，紫光照射该金属时一定也有电子向外发射。
2．关于α、β、γ三种射线，下列说法中正确的是（A ）α射线是原子核自发放射出的氦核，它的穿透能力最强。
（B ）β射线是原子核外电子电离形成的电子流，它具有中等的穿透能力。
（C ）γ射线一般们随着α或β射线产生，它的穿透能力量强。
（D ）γ射线是电磁波，它的穿透能力最弱。
3．一小球用轻绳悬挂在某固定点，现将轻绳水平拉直，然后由静止开始释放小球，考虑小球由静止开始运动到最低位置的过程。
（A ）小球在水平方向的速度逐渐增大。
（B ）小球在竖直方向的速度逐渐增大。
（C ）到达最低位置时小球线速度最大。
（D ）到达最低位置时绳中的位力等于小球重力。
4．如图所示，两根平行放置的长直导线a 和b 载有大小相同方向相反的电流，a受到的磁场力大小为1F ，当加入一与导线所在平面垂直的匀强磁场后，a 受到的磁场力大小变为2F ，则此时b 受到的磁场力大小变为（A ）2F ， （B ）21F F -， （C ）21F F + （D ）212F F -5．行驶中的汽车制动后滑行一段距离，最后停下；流星在夜空中坠落并发出明亮的光焰；降落伞在空中匀速下降；条形磁铁在下落过程中穿过闭合线圈，线圈中产生电流，上述不同现象中所包含的相同的物理过程是（A ）物体克服阻力做功。
2000年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试--英语Nationa l Matricul ation Engl ish T est (NMET 2000)本试卷第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题）两部分。
第一卷1至13页。
第二卷1至4页共150分，考试时间120分钟。
第一卷（三大题，共95分）注意事项：1．答第一卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂在答题卡上。
2．每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用像橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。
不能答在试卷上。
3．考试结束，考生将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
I．单项填空（共25小题，每小题1分；满分25分）A）从A、B、C、D中找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项。
例：ha veA．gav e B．save C．hat D．mad e答案是C。
1．rus hA．dull B．butcher C．sugar D．Push2．northernA．strengt h B．wealth C．thus D．Throw3．silenceA．weigh B．ceiling C．bargain D．Height4．occurA．ocean B．o pposite C．official D．offer5．pleasureA．posses sion B．tel evision C．anxious D．preciousB）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案例：We____________last nig ht , but w e went tothe concer t instead.A．musthave studi ed B．might studyC．should ha ve studied D．would s tudy答案是C。
2023-2024第二学期国际贸易试卷（A）专业市场营销学号姓名得分一、中英文对照（每题0.5分，共6分）大副收据《INCOTERMS2010》FOB 对等样品more or less clause 以毛作净清洁提单general average 信用证D/P 电汇发盘二、填空（每题0.5分，共5分）1、《2000通则》中，由买方办理出口手续的术语是，由卖方办理进口手续的术语是。
2、在确定某些农副产品的品质时，由于品质的等级难以确定，国际上常采用作为标准。
我国惯称。
由于其价值低常按毛重计价，惯称“”。
3、我国《海洋货物运输保险条款》将其承保的险别分为、两大类。
为解决仲裁裁决的相互承认问题，我国在年参加了《公约》，该公约简称。
三、名词解释（每题3分，共12分）1、溢短装条款2、清洁提单3、共同海损4、信用证四、判断（每题1分，共10分）1、在货物以海运方式运输下，出口应尽量争取CFR贸易术语成交，进口应尽量选用FOB贸易术语成交。
（）2、按照国际惯例，合同中如没有对溢短装部分规定作价办法，则溢装部分应按合同价格计算。
（）3、根据《UCP600》规定：任何货物都可有5％的增减。
（）4、长吨大于公吨，公吨又大于短吨。
（）5、国际多式联运经营人，只需承担全程运输中的一部运输任务，且仅对该段运输负责。
（）6、CIC战争险可单独投保而ICC战争险不可单独投保。
( )7、承兑交单（D/A）最易为买方接受，有利于达成交易，所以在出口业务中，应扩大对承兑交单的使用。
（）8、只要在L/C有效期内，不论受益人何时向银行提交符合L/C要求的单据，开证行一律不得拒收单据和拒付货款。
（）9、仲裁裁决是终局的，对双方当事人均有约束力，因而若任何一方当事人拒不执行仲裁裁决，另一方当事人可向仲裁机构申请强制执行（）10、接受通知送达发盘人时已超过发盘规定的有效期，如发盘人立即予以确认，合同仍可成立。
（）五、单项选择（每题2分，共16分）1、FOB、CFR、CIF三种术语的主要区别在于（）A、交货地点不同B、风险划分界限不同C、交易双方承担的责任与费用不同2、出口羊毛、生丝、棉纱等经济价值较大而水分含量极不稳定的商品时，计量方法通常采用（）A、以毛作净B、净重C、理论重量D、公量3、班轮运费（）A、包括装卸费，计算滞期、速遣费B、包括装卸费，不计算滞期、速遣费C、不包括装卸费，仅计算滞期、速遣费D、以上都不对4、滞期费是（）A、买方对卖方收取的因卖方延期交货而造成的损失的补偿费B、租船人未按约定时间完成装卸定额，延误了船期而付给船方的罚款C、船公司未按约定时间完成装卸定额而付给租船人的罚款D、以上都不对5、一般附加险中不包括( ) 。
2000年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试(上海)一． 选择题（本题共16分），每小题2分，只有一个正确行项，答案涂写在答题纸上。
1. 人体内所必需的下列元素中，因摄入量不足而导致骨质疏松的是(A)K (B)Ca (C)Na (D)Fe2. 下列物质属于原子晶体的化合物是(A)金刚石 (B)刚玉 (C)二氧化硅 (D)干冰3. 据报道，某些建筑材料会产生放射性同位素氡Rn 22286,从而对人体产生伤害，该同位素原子的中子数和质子数之差是(A)136 (B)50 (C)86 (D)2224. 下列物质中，不属于合金的是(A) 硬铝 （B ）黄铜 (C) 钢铁 （D ）水银5. 用特殊方法把固体物质加工到纳米级（1-100nm,1nm=10-9m ）的超细粉末粒子，然后制得纳米材料。
下列分散系中的分散质的微粒直径和这种粒子具有相同数量级的是A.溶液B.悬浊液C.胶体D.乳浊液6. 具有下列电子排布式的原子中，半径最大的是A.ls 22s 22p 63s 23p ?B.1s 22s 22p 3C.1s 22s 2sp 2D.1s 22s 22p 63s 23p 47. 下列物质的水溶液能导电，但属于非电解质的是A.CH 3CH 2COOHB.Cl 2C.NH 4HCO 3D.SO 28. 随着人们生活质量的不断提高，废电池必须进行集中处理的问题被提到议事日程, 其首要原因是A.利用电池外壳的金属材料B.防止电池中汞、镉和铅等重金属离子对土壤和水源的污染C.不使电池中渗泄的电解液腐蚀其他物品D.回收其中石墨电极二、选择题（本题共30分），每小题3分，只有一个正确选项，答案涂写在答题纸上。
9. 下列实验操作中错误的是A ． 分液时，分液漏斗中下层液体从下口放出，上层液体从上口倒出B ． 蒸馏时，应使温度计水银球靠近蒸烧瓶支管口C ． 滴定时，大手控制滴定管活塞，右手握持锥形瓶，边滴边振荡，眼睛注视滴定管中的液面D ． 称量时，称量物放在称量纸上，置于托盘天平的大盘，砝码放在托盘天平的右盘中10. 下列反应的离子方程式错误的是A.氯化铝溶液中加入过量的氨水 Al 3++4NH 3H 2O →Al -2O +4N +4H +2H 2O B.用氨水吸收过量的二氧化硫 NH 3·H 2O+SO 2→N +4H +HS -3OC.碳酸钠溶液中加入过量的苯酚 -OH+ C -23O O -+HC -3OD.次氯酸钙溶液中通入过量的二氧化碳 ClO -+CO 2+H 2O →HC -3O +HclO11. CH 2CH=CH-CH 2CH 2CH n 具有优良的耐油、耐高温性能，合成丁腈橡胶的原料是 CN①CH 2=CH-CH=CH 2 ②CH 3-C C-CH 3 ③CH2=CH-CN④CH 3-CH=CH ⑤CH 3-CH=CH 2 ⑥CH 3-CH=CH-CH 3│CN12.在外界提供相同电量的条件，Cu 2+或Ag +分别按Cu 2++2e →Cu 或Ag ++e →Ag 在电极上放电，基析出铜的质量为1.92g ，则析出银的质量为A ．1.62g B.6.48g C.3.24g D.12.96g13.维生素C 的结构简式为HC-C C-OH,有关它的叙述错误的是│ │HO-CH 2-CH-CH C=O│ |HO OA.是一个环状的酯类化合物B.易起氧化及加成反应C.可以溶解于水 C.在碱性溶液中能稳定地存在14.水的电离过程为H 2O H ++OH -,在不同温度下其平衡常数为K(25℃)=1.0×10-14,K(35℃)=2.1×10-14。
2000年全国普通高等学校春季招生统一考试英语（上海卷）第Ⅰ卷（共105分）一、语法从下列各题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。
1.―Where’s nearest bookstore?―There’s one at end of the street.A.the…anB.a…theC.the…theD.a…an2.Mr.Alcott，headmaster of the school，refused to accept of the three suggestions made by the Students’ Union.A.eitherB.neitherC.anyD.none3.The suit fitted him well the colour was a little brighter.A.except forB.except thatC.except whenD.besides4.Although Linda tried hard in the exam，she did than her brother.A.more badlyB.much betterC.much badlyD.much worse5.The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets.A.was bookedB.had been bookedC.were bookedD.have been booked6.You had one of your teeth pulled out yesterday，？A.had youB.hadn’t youC.did youD.didn’t you7.Eat cake you like and leave the others for comes in late.A.any…whoB.every…whoeverC.whichever…whoeverD.either…whoever8.It was how the young man had learned five foreign languages att- racted the audience’s interest.A.so thatB.thatC.whatD.in which9.The gentleman you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.A.whoB.about whomC.whomD.with whom10.He let me repeat his instruction sure that I understood what wasafter he went away.A.to make…to be doneB.making…doingC.to make…to doD.making…to do11.I told him what I was surprised his attitude towards his study.A.isB.wasC.at isD.at was12.Will those the children from abroad come to the headmaster’s office?A.teachingB.teachC.who teachesD.who teaching13.There was no news；，she did not give up hope.A.moreoverB.thereforeC.butD.nevertheless14.I should have been there，but I not find the time.A.wouldB.couldC.mightD.should15.I shall stay in the hotel all day there is news of the missing child.A.in caseB.no matterC.in any caseD.ever since16.Every possible means to prevent the air pollution，but the sky is still not clear.A.is usedB.are usedC.has been usedD.have been used17.These houses are sold at such a low price people expected.A.likeB.asC.thatD.which18.While building a tunnel through the mountain，.A.an underground lake was discoveredB.there was an underground lake discoveredC.a lake was discovered undergroundD.the workers discovered an underground lake19.―You seem to show interest in cooking.―What?，I’m getting tired of it.A.On the contraryB.To the contraryC.On the other handD.To the other hand20.―You should have thanked her before you left.―I meant，but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere.A.to doB.toC.doingD.doing so二、词汇从下列各题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。
2000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题T ext 1A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the world’s best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea’s LG Electronics in July.) Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America’s machine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America’s industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. “American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted,” according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government. “It makes me p roud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,” says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the United States.”51. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War II because ________.[A] it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal[B] its domestic market was eight times larger than before[C] the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors[D] the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy52. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact thatthe American ________.[A] TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market[B] semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises[C] machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions[D] auto industry had lost part of its domestic market53. What can be inferred from the passage?[A] It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride.[B] Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.[C] The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation.[D] A long history of success may pave the way for further development.54. The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed tothe ________.[A] turning of the business cycle[B] restructuring of industry[C] improved business management[D] success in education。
2000年英语试题及参考答案Section ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked［A］，［B］，［C］and ［D］,Choose the one that best pletes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by black-Example:I have been to the Great Wall three times1979.[A］from ［B］after ［C］for ［D］sinceThe sentence should read,"I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979." Therefore, you should choose ［D］Sample Answer[A］［B］［C］［■］1.As I'll be away for at least a year, I'd appreciatefrom you now and then telling me how everyone is getting along. ［A］hearing ［B］to hear ［C］to be hearing ［D］having heard2.Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, to find it locked.［A］just ［B］only ［C］hence ［D］thus3.Doctors see a connection between increase amounts of leisure time spent and the increased number of cases of skin cancer.［A］to sunbathe ［B］to have sunbathed［C］having sunbathed ［D］sunbathing4.Unless you sign a contract with the insurance pany for your goods, you are not entitled a repayment for the goods damaged in delivery.［A］to ［B］with ［C］for ［D］on5.On a rainy day I was driving north through Vermont I noticed a young man holding up a sign reading "Boston". ［A］which ［B］where ［C］when ［D］that6.Christie stared angrily at her boos and turned away, as though out of the office.［A］went ［B］gone ［C］to go ［D］would go7.The roles expected old people in such a setting give too few psychological satisfactions for normal happiness.［A］of ［B］on ［C］to ［D］ with8.Talk to anyone in the drug industry, you'll soon discover that the science of geics is the biggest thing to hit drug research since penicillin was discovered.［A］or ［B］and ［C］for ［D］so9.It wasn't so much that I disliked her that I just wasn't interested in the whole business.［A］rather ［B］so ［C］than ［D］as10.Countless divouced politicians would have been elected out of office years ago had they even thought of a divouce, let alone one.［A］getting ［B］to get ［C］gotten ［D］getSection BDirections:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked［A］，［B］［C］，and［D］.Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(5points)Sorry, this section has to be shown in GIF format. We'll plete it soon. Please pay attention to our website:edu.yesky.Section CDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there four choices marked［A］，［B］，［C］and［D］.Choose the one that best pletes the sentenec. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(10 points)Example:The lost car of the Lees was found in the woods off the highway.［A］vanished ［B］scattered ［C］abandoned ［D］rejected The sentence should read," The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway."Therefore,you should choose［C］.Sample Answer［A］［B］［■］［D］21.He spoke so that even his opponents were won over by his arguments.［A］bluntly ［B］convincingly［C］emphatically ［D］determinedly22.France's of nuclear testing in the South Pacific last month triggered political debates and mass demonstrations. ［A］assumption ［B］consumption［C］presumption ［D］resumption23.The 215-page manu, circulated to publishers last October, an outburst of interest.［A］flared ［B］glittered ［C］sparked ［D］flashed24.His efforts to bring about a reconciliation between the two Parties.［A］came off ［B］came on ［C］came round ［D］came down25.The system was redesigned to embrace the work and eventually it in a profitable direction.［A］adapt ［B］control ［C］install ［D］steer26.The capital intended to broaden the export base and efficiency gains from international trade was channeled instead into uneconomic import substitution.［A］secure ［B］extend ［C］defend ［D］possess27.It is announced that a wallet has been found and can be at the manager's office.［A］declared ［B］obtained ［C］reclaimed ［D］recognized28.When I my senses, I found myself wrapped up in bed in my little room, with Grandma bending over me.［A］woke up ［B］took to ［C］picked up ［D］came to29.The American society is an exceedingly shaky foundation of natural resources, which is connected with thepossibility of a worsening environment.［A］established on ［B］affiliated to［C］originated from ［D］incorporated with30.I am not with my roommate but I have to share the room with her, because I have nowhere else to live.［A］concerned ［B］patible ［C］considerate ［D］plied31.At first, the of color pictures over a long distance seemed impossible, but, with painstaking efforts and at great expense, it became a reality.［A］transaction ［B］transmission［C］transformation ［D］transition32.When the mittee to details, the proposed plan seemed impractical.［A］got down ［B］set about ［C］went off ［D］came up33.to some parts of South America is still difficult, because parts of the continent are still covered with thick forests.［A］Orientation ［B］Aess ［C］Procession ［D］Voyage34.Mr Smith had an unusual: he was first an office clerk, the a sailor, and ended up as a school teacher.［A］profession ［B］oupation ［C］position ［D］career35.The mayor is a woman with great and therefore deserves our political and financial support.［A］intention ［B］instinct ［C］integrity ［D］intensity36.The English weather defies forecast and hence is a source of interest to everyone.［A］speculation ［B］attribution ［C］utilization ［D］proposition37.The fact that the golden eagle usually builds its nest on some high cliffs it almost impossible to obtain the eggs or the young birds.［A］renders ［B］reckons ［C］regards ［D］relates38.To impress a future employer, one should dress neatly be, and display in the job.［A］swift ［B］instant ［C］timely ［D］punctual39.You don't have to install this radio in your new car,it's an extra.［A］excessive ［B］optional ［C］additional ［D］arbitrary40.We were pleased to note that the early morning delivery didn't to the traffic jam of the busy city.［A］aid ［B］amount ［C］add ［D］attributePartⅡ Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in following passage, there arefour choices marked［A］,［B］,［C］and［D］.Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(10 points)If a farmer wishes to sueed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain 41 consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and hisfamily 42 he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance 43 the unpredictable ef。
时态（Tense）是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。
因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。
英语时态分为16种：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时，以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。
1. 一般现在时用法：A)表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。
B)习惯用语。
C)经常性、习惯性动作。
例：He always helps others. （他总是帮助别人。
）D)客观事实和普遍真理。
尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般现在时，则无法保持主句、从句时态一致。
E)表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，（仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词）可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。
常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。
例：The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.（下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。
）How often does this shuttle bus run? （这班车多久一趟？）F)在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在（有时也用现在完成时）表示将来事情。
例：When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.（等你完成这份报告的时候，我就已经等了将近3个小时了。
）2. 现在进行时(be doing) 用法：现在正在进行的动作。
3. 现在完成时(have done) 用法：A) 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。
例：I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.A) didn't sell B) sold C) haven't sold D) would sell答案是C) haven't sold。
上海市2000年高考物理试卷答案及评分标准-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2000/07/11 新浪文教(1)定出评分标准是为了尽可能在统一的标准下评定成绩，试题的参考答案只用来说明评分标准的，考生按其他方法或步骤解答，正确的，同样给分。
有错的，根据错误的性质，参照评分标准中相应的规定评分。
(2)第一、二、三题只要求写出答案，不要求写出演算过程。
(3)第21、22、23、24题只有最后答案而无演算过程的，不给分，解答中单纯列出与解题无关的文字公式，或虽列出公式，但文字符号与题中所给定的不同，不给分。
(4)需作数字计算的问题，对答案的有效数字不作严格要求，一般按试题要求或按试题情况取二位或三位有效数字即可。
一、选择题。
1.B、D2.C3.A、C4.A5.A、D6.A、C7.A、C、D8.B、C、D9.C 10.A、D评分标准：全题50分，每小题5分，全选对得5分，选对但不全得2分，有选错或全部不选得0分)二、填空题11.qElcosθqElcosθqElcosθ电场力做功的大小与路径无关，只与始末位置有关12.0.58(或√3 /3)13.(1)见右图(2)8G14.2×107，0.00115.只要属于与照片情景有关的物理问题均可得分。
例如：此宇航员是否受地球引力作用？此宇航员受力是否平衡？宇航员背后的天空为什么是黑暗的？等等。
若解答不以问题的形式出现，不属于物理问题或与照片情景无关，均不能得分。
评分标准：全题20分，每小题4分，其中第11题每格1分，第13题受力图2分，填空2分，第14、15题每格2分。
三、实验题。
16.作平抛运动的物体在水平方向作匀速直线运动，在竖直方向作自由落体运动(或平抛运动是水平方向的匀速直线运动和竖直方向的自由落体运动的合成)。
(4分)17.A(4分)18.(1)A，C，D(4分)(2)4(2分)(3)见右图(悬线在转轴右侧竖直方向与第二圆环相切，钩码不画不扣分)(1分)19.(1)R3、R3，B(1分，1分，2分)(2)R0短路或R2断开(4分)20.(1)见右图。
2000年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(广东卷)生物第I卷(选择题,共70分)一、选择题: (本大题共35小题,每题2分,共70分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中只有-项是符合题目要求的。
)1．细胞核的主要功能是A．进行能量转换B．合成蛋白质C．贮存和复制遗传物质D．贮存能源物质2．下列四个细胞图中,属于二倍体生物精子细胞的是3．用显微镜的一个目镜分别与4个不同倍数的物镜组合来观察血细胞涂片。
当成像清晰时,每一物镜与载玻片的距离如图所示。
如果载玻片位置不变,用哪一物镜在一个视野中看到的细胞最多4．在制备蛇毒抗毒素血清时,须将灭毒的蛇毒液注人家兔体内,引起免疫反应。
这一免疫反应和所用的蛇毒分别是A．特异性免疫、抗原B．特异性免疫、抗体C．非特异性免疫、抗原D．非特异性免疫、抗体5．淀粉在小肠内被吸收的主要形式是A．麦芽糖B．淀粉C．葡萄糖D．蔗糖6．某人因炎症造成下肢静脉内出现大量血栓(血凝块)。
如果血栓脱落后在血液中移动,最有可能停留在A．脑B．上肢C．肾D．肺7．下列关于感受器特性的叙述,错误的是A．感受器能将特定的刺激转变成神经冲动B．感受器直接将感受到的刺激传入大脑皮层C．各种感受器都有各自的适宜刺激D．感受器可产生适应现象8．当一个人过度紧张时,会出现手足发凉现象,此时A．交感神经的作用加强,引起皮肤血管收缩B．交感神经的作用加强,引起皮肤血管舒张C．交感神经的作用减弱,引起皮肤血管收缩D．交感神经的作用减弱,引起皮肤血管舒张9．如果支配某一肢体的传入神经及中枢完整,而传出神经受损,那么该肢体A．能运动,针刺有感觉B．不能运动,针刺有感觉C．能运动,针刺元感觉D．不能运动,针刺元感觉10．右图为4种不同的酶(分别以a、b、c、d表示)在不同温度下酶活性变化的曲线。
在37℃时酶活性最高的是A．aB．bC．cD．d11．肾小管与其周围毛细血管之间水分的交换是通过渗透作用完成的。
如果流经肾小管的原尿中葡萄糖浓度明显增高,并且不能完全被肾小管重吸收,那么最终排出的尿液量将会A．增加B．减少C．不变D．不确定12．人的汗腺细胞来自胚胎时期的A．外胚层B．内胚层C．囊胚腔D．中胚层13．人们常用扦插、嫁接等方法繁殖果树。
2000~2001学年《程序设计基础－C》试卷考试时间: 2000年12月31日上午8:30-10:30注: 请将答案写在答卷上一、单项选择题（每小题 2 分，共30 分）1. C 语言程序中可以对程序进行注释，注释部分必须用符号__C___括起来。
A、…{… 和‟}‟B、…[…和‟]‟C、“/*”和”*/”D、“*/”和”/*”2.下列运算符中，优先级最低的是__D___。
A、*B、！=C、+D、=3.若变量已正确定义，表达式(j=3, j++) 的值是__A___ 。
A、3B、4C、5D、04.已知字符…a‟ 的ASCII码为97 ，执行下列语句的输出是__D___。
printf ("%d, %c", ‟b‟, ‟b‟+1 ) ;A、98, bB、语句不合法C、98, 99D、98, c5.表达式strcmp(“box”, “boss”)的值是一个__A____。
A、正数B、负数C、0D、不确定的数6.数组定义为int a[3][2]={1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}，数组元素_B____的值为6。
A、a[3][2]B、a[2][1]C、a[1][2]D、a[2][3]7.要调用数学函数时，在#include命令行中应包含__C___。
A、”stdio.h”B、”string.h”C、”math.h”D、”ctype.h”8.判断i和j至少有一个值为非0的表达式是__B___。
A、i!=0 && j!=0B、i*j!=0C、!(i==0 || j==0)D、i&&j9.若a是基本整型变量，c是单精度实型变量，输入语句__D____是错误的。
A、scanf(”%d,%f”, &a, &c);B、scanf(”d=%d, c=%f”, &a, &c);C、scanf(”%d%f”, &a, &c);D、scanf(”%d%f”, a, c);10.若变量已正确定义并且指针p已经指向某个变量x，则(*p)++相当于__B___。
A、p++B、x++C、*(p++)D、&x++11.若p1、p2都是整型指针，p1已经指向变量x，要使p2也指向x, __A___是正确的。
A、p2=p1;B、p2=**p1;C、p2=&p1;D、p2=*p1;12.下列程序段的输出是__B___。
int c[]={1, 3, 5};int *k=c+1;printf("%d", *++k);A、3B、5C、4D、613.不正确的赋值或赋初值的方式是__C____。
A、char str[]="string"；B、char str[7]={'s', 't', 'r', 'i', 'n', 'g'}；C、char str[10]；str="string"；D、cha r str[7]={'s', 't', 'r', 'i', 'n', 'g', ‟\0‟}；14.对于以下结构定义，++p->str中的++加在__A___。
struct {int len;char *str;} *p;A、指针str上B、指针p上C、str指的内容上D、以上均不是15.对于如下说明，语法和语义都正确的赋值是__C___。
int c, *s, a[]={1, 3, 5};A、c=*s;B、s[0]=a[0];C、s=&a[1];D、c=a;二、填空题（每小题 2 分，共20 分）1.写出下列程序段的输出结果。
float x1, x2;x1=3/2;x2=x1/2;printf("%d, %.1f", (int)x1, x2) ; 1,0.52.表达式(7<<1>>2^2 ) 的值是__1_____。
3.写出下列程序段的输出结果。
#define A 10#define B (A<A+2)-2printf("%d", B*2); -44.写出判断字符变量c是英文字母的表达式c>=‟a‟&&c<=‟z‟|| c>=‟A‟&&c<=‟Z‟。
5.写出下列程序段的输出结果。
int k, x;for (k=0, x=0; k<=9&&x!=10; k++)x+=2;printf ("%d, %d", k, x) ; 5,106.写出下列程序段的输出结果。
printf(“%d, %d”, NULL, EOF); 0, -17.对于以下递归函数f，调用f (3) 的返回值是_____。
f (int n){ return ((n>0) ? 2*f(n-1)+f(n-2) : -1); } -178.写出下列程序段的输出结果。
char str[]="hello\tworld\n";printf("%d, %c\n", sizeof(str), *(str+10)); 13，d9.输入12345#后，写出下列程序的输出结果。
void main(){ char c;for(c=getchar(); getchar()!=‟#‟; c=getchar())putchar(c);} 1310.执行程序find –nx ould text.txt时，*++argv[1]的值是__‟n‟____。
三、程序阅读题（每题5分，共20分）1.若输入3 1 2 3 <回车> , 则以下程序的输出结果是___1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 1, 3, 1, 2,。
#include "stdio.h"void main(){ int i, j, n, a[10];scanf("%d", &n);for (i=0; i<n; i++)scanf("%d",&a[i]);for (i=0; i<n; i++)for (j=0; j<n; j++)printf("%d, ", a[(i+j)%n]);}2.若输入89 76 24 25 9 8 11 16 35 4 <回车> , 则以下程序的输出结果是4, 8, 16, 24, 76,89, 35, 25, 11, 9,#include "stdio.h"#define N 10main(){int x[N], y1[N], y2[N];int i, j, n1, n2, t, p;n1=n2=0;for(i=0;i<N;i++){scanf(“%d”, &x[i]);if(x[i] % 2==0) y1[n1++]=x[i];else y2[n2++]=x[i];}for(i=1; i<n1; i++)for(j=0; j<n1-1; j++)if(y1[j]>y1[j+1]){t=y1[j]; y1[j]=y1[j+1]; y1[j+1]=t;}for(i=0; i<n2-1; i++){p=i;for(j=i+1; j<n2; j++)if(y2[p]<y2[j]) p=j;if(p!=i){t=y2[i]; y2[i]=y2[p]; y2[p]=t;}}for(i=0; i<n1; i++) printf("%d, ", y1[i]);for(i=0; i<n2; i++) printf("%d, ", y2[i]);3.以下程序的输出结果是_2, 4, 6#2, 5, 9#___。
#include <stdio.h>int z;void p(int *x, int y){ ++*x;y--;z=*x+y+z;printf("%d, %d, %d#", *x, y, z);}void main(){ int x=1, y=5, z=9;p(&x, y);printf("%d, %d, %d#", x, y, z);}4.若输入-6+15*3/5=<回车> , 则以下程序的输出结果是_0, -6, 9, 6, 1,______。
#include <stdio.h>void main(){int m=0, sum=0;char c, oldc='+';do {c=getchar();if(c<='9'&&c>='0') m=10*m+c - '0';else {if(oldc=='+') sum += m;else sum -= m;m=0;oldc=c;printf("%d, ", sum);}} while(c!='=');}四、程序填空题（每空 2 分，共20 分）1.下列程序的功能是创建单向链表。
#include <stdio.h>#include <alloc.h>struct link {char name[10];i nt mark;s truct link * next;void insert(char *, int);struct link * head = NULL;main(){char name[10];i nt mark;s truct link * t;w hile ( 1 ) {scanf("%s %d", name, &mark);if ( strcmp(name, "#") == 0 ) break;______(1) insert(name, mark)_______;}for (t=head; ______(2) t!=NULL; t=t->next _______)printf("<%s>: %d\n", t->name, t->mark);}void insert(char * name, int mark){struct link * p;p = ______(3)_ (struct link *)malloc(sizeof(struct link))__ ;strcpy(p->name, name);p->mark = mark;______(4) p->next = NULL _______;if ( head != NULL ) ______(5) p->next = head _______;head = p;}2.prog.c是带命令行参数的程序。
