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2000年年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海 物理试卷考生注意：1．全卷共8页，24题，在120分钟内完成。
2．第21、22、23、24题要求写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤，只写出最后答案，而未写出主要演算过程的，不能得分，有数字计算的问题，答案中必须明确写出数值和单位。
一、（50分）选择题，本大题共10小题，每小题5分，每小题给出的四个答案中，至少有一个是正确的，把正确的答案全选出来，并将正确答案前面的字母填写在题后的方括号内，每一小题全选对的得5分；选对但不全的，得部分分；有选错或不答的，得0分，填写在方括号外的字母，不作为选出的答案。
1．下列关于光的说法中正确的是（A ）在真空中红光波长比紫光波长短。
（B ）红光光子能量比紫光光子能量小。
（C ）红光和紫光相遇时能产生干涉现象（D ）红光照射某金属时有电子向外发射，紫光照射该金属时一定也有电子向外发射。
2．关于α、β、γ三种射线，下列说法中正确的是（A ）α射线是原子核自发放射出的氦核，它的穿透能力最强。
（B ）β射线是原子核外电子电离形成的电子流，它具有中等的穿透能力。
（C ）γ射线一般们随着α或β射线产生，它的穿透能力量强。
（D ）γ射线是电磁波，它的穿透能力最弱。
3．一小球用轻绳悬挂在某固定点，现将轻绳水平拉直，然后由静止开始释放小球，考虑小球由静止开始运动到最低位置的过程。
（A ）小球在水平方向的速度逐渐增大。
（B ）小球在竖直方向的速度逐渐增大。
（C ）到达最低位置时小球线速度最大。
（D ）到达最低位置时绳中的位力等于小球重力。
4．如图所示，两根平行放置的长直导线a 和b 载有大小相同方向相反的电流，a受到的磁场力大小为1F ，当加入一与导线所在平面垂直的匀强磁场后，a 受到的磁场力大小变为2F ，则此时b 受到的磁场力大小变为（A ）2F ， （B ）21F F -， （C ）21F F + （D ）212F F -5．行驶中的汽车制动后滑行一段距离，最后停下；流星在夜空中坠落并发出明亮的光焰；降落伞在空中匀速下降；条形磁铁在下落过程中穿过闭合线圈，线圈中产生电流，上述不同现象中所包含的相同的物理过程是（A ）物体克服阻力做功。
2000年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试--英语Nationa l Matricul ation Engl ish T est (NMET 2000)本试卷第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题）两部分。
第一卷1至13页。
第二卷1至4页共150分，考试时间120分钟。
第一卷（三大题，共95分）注意事项：1．答第一卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂在答题卡上。
2．每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用像橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。
不能答在试卷上。
3．考试结束，考生将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
I．单项填空（共25小题，每小题1分；满分25分）A）从A、B、C、D中找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项。
例：ha veA．gav e B．save C．hat D．mad e答案是C。
1．rus hA．dull B．butcher C．sugar D．Push2．northernA．strengt h B．wealth C．thus D．Throw3．silenceA．weigh B．ceiling C．bargain D．Height4．occurA．ocean B．o pposite C．official D．offer5．pleasureA．posses sion B．tel evision C．anxious D．preciousB）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案例：We____________last nig ht , but w e went tothe concer t instead.A．musthave studi ed B．might studyC．should ha ve studied D．would s tudy答案是C。
2023-2024第二学期国际贸易试卷（A）专业市场营销学号姓名得分一、中英文对照（每题0.5分，共6分）大副收据《INCOTERMS2010》FOB 对等样品more or less clause 以毛作净清洁提单general average 信用证D/P 电汇发盘二、填空（每题0.5分，共5分）1、《2000通则》中，由买方办理出口手续的术语是，由卖方办理进口手续的术语是。
2、在确定某些农副产品的品质时，由于品质的等级难以确定，国际上常采用作为标准。
我国惯称。
由于其价值低常按毛重计价，惯称“”。
3、我国《海洋货物运输保险条款》将其承保的险别分为、两大类。
为解决仲裁裁决的相互承认问题，我国在年参加了《公约》，该公约简称。
三、名词解释（每题3分，共12分）1、溢短装条款2、清洁提单3、共同海损4、信用证四、判断（每题1分，共10分）1、在货物以海运方式运输下，出口应尽量争取CFR贸易术语成交，进口应尽量选用FOB贸易术语成交。
（）2、按照国际惯例，合同中如没有对溢短装部分规定作价办法，则溢装部分应按合同价格计算。
（）3、根据《UCP600》规定：任何货物都可有5％的增减。
（）4、长吨大于公吨，公吨又大于短吨。
（）5、国际多式联运经营人，只需承担全程运输中的一部运输任务，且仅对该段运输负责。
（）6、CIC战争险可单独投保而ICC战争险不可单独投保。
( )7、承兑交单（D/A）最易为买方接受，有利于达成交易，所以在出口业务中，应扩大对承兑交单的使用。
（）8、只要在L/C有效期内，不论受益人何时向银行提交符合L/C要求的单据，开证行一律不得拒收单据和拒付货款。
（）9、仲裁裁决是终局的，对双方当事人均有约束力，因而若任何一方当事人拒不执行仲裁裁决，另一方当事人可向仲裁机构申请强制执行（）10、接受通知送达发盘人时已超过发盘规定的有效期，如发盘人立即予以确认，合同仍可成立。
（）五、单项选择（每题2分，共16分）1、FOB、CFR、CIF三种术语的主要区别在于（）A、交货地点不同B、风险划分界限不同C、交易双方承担的责任与费用不同2、出口羊毛、生丝、棉纱等经济价值较大而水分含量极不稳定的商品时，计量方法通常采用（）A、以毛作净B、净重C、理论重量D、公量3、班轮运费（）A、包括装卸费，计算滞期、速遣费B、包括装卸费，不计算滞期、速遣费C、不包括装卸费，仅计算滞期、速遣费D、以上都不对4、滞期费是（）A、买方对卖方收取的因卖方延期交货而造成的损失的补偿费B、租船人未按约定时间完成装卸定额，延误了船期而付给船方的罚款C、船公司未按约定时间完成装卸定额而付给租船人的罚款D、以上都不对5、一般附加险中不包括( ) 。
2000年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试(上海)一． 选择题（本题共16分），每小题2分，只有一个正确行项，答案涂写在答题纸上。
1. 人体内所必需的下列元素中，因摄入量不足而导致骨质疏松的是(A)K (B)Ca (C)Na (D)Fe2. 下列物质属于原子晶体的化合物是(A)金刚石 (B)刚玉 (C)二氧化硅 (D)干冰3. 据报道，某些建筑材料会产生放射性同位素氡Rn 22286,从而对人体产生伤害，该同位素原子的中子数和质子数之差是(A)136 (B)50 (C)86 (D)2224. 下列物质中，不属于合金的是(A) 硬铝 （B ）黄铜 (C) 钢铁 （D ）水银5. 用特殊方法把固体物质加工到纳米级（1-100nm,1nm=10-9m ）的超细粉末粒子，然后制得纳米材料。
下列分散系中的分散质的微粒直径和这种粒子具有相同数量级的是A.溶液B.悬浊液C.胶体D.乳浊液6. 具有下列电子排布式的原子中，半径最大的是A.ls 22s 22p 63s 23p ?B.1s 22s 22p 3C.1s 22s 2sp 2D.1s 22s 22p 63s 23p 47. 下列物质的水溶液能导电，但属于非电解质的是A.CH 3CH 2COOHB.Cl 2C.NH 4HCO 3D.SO 28. 随着人们生活质量的不断提高，废电池必须进行集中处理的问题被提到议事日程, 其首要原因是A.利用电池外壳的金属材料B.防止电池中汞、镉和铅等重金属离子对土壤和水源的污染C.不使电池中渗泄的电解液腐蚀其他物品D.回收其中石墨电极二、选择题（本题共30分），每小题3分，只有一个正确选项，答案涂写在答题纸上。
9. 下列实验操作中错误的是A ． 分液时，分液漏斗中下层液体从下口放出，上层液体从上口倒出B ． 蒸馏时，应使温度计水银球靠近蒸烧瓶支管口C ． 滴定时，大手控制滴定管活塞，右手握持锥形瓶，边滴边振荡，眼睛注视滴定管中的液面D ． 称量时，称量物放在称量纸上，置于托盘天平的大盘，砝码放在托盘天平的右盘中10. 下列反应的离子方程式错误的是A.氯化铝溶液中加入过量的氨水 Al 3++4NH 3H 2O →Al -2O +4N +4H +2H 2O B.用氨水吸收过量的二氧化硫 NH 3·H 2O+SO 2→N +4H +HS -3OC.碳酸钠溶液中加入过量的苯酚 -OH+ C -23O O -+HC -3OD.次氯酸钙溶液中通入过量的二氧化碳 ClO -+CO 2+H 2O →HC -3O +HclO11. CH 2CH=CH-CH 2CH 2CH n 具有优良的耐油、耐高温性能，合成丁腈橡胶的原料是 CN①CH 2=CH-CH=CH 2 ②CH 3-C C-CH 3 ③CH2=CH-CN④CH 3-CH=CH ⑤CH 3-CH=CH 2 ⑥CH 3-CH=CH-CH 3│CN12.在外界提供相同电量的条件，Cu 2+或Ag +分别按Cu 2++2e →Cu 或Ag ++e →Ag 在电极上放电，基析出铜的质量为1.92g ，则析出银的质量为A ．1.62g B.6.48g C.3.24g D.12.96g13.维生素C 的结构简式为HC-C C-OH,有关它的叙述错误的是│ │HO-CH 2-CH-CH C=O│ |HO OA.是一个环状的酯类化合物B.易起氧化及加成反应C.可以溶解于水 C.在碱性溶液中能稳定地存在14.水的电离过程为H 2O H ++OH -,在不同温度下其平衡常数为K(25℃)=1.0×10-14,K(35℃)=2.1×10-14。
2000年全国普通高等学校春季招生统一考试英语（上海卷）第Ⅰ卷（共105分）一、语法从下列各题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。
1.―Where’s nearest bookstore?―There’s one at end of the street.A.the…anB.a…theC.the…theD.a…an2.Mr.Alcott，headmaster of the school，refused to accept of the three suggestions made by the Students’ Union.A.eitherB.neitherC.anyD.none3.The suit fitted him well the colour was a little brighter.A.except forB.except thatC.except whenD.besides4.Although Linda tried hard in the exam，she did than her brother.A.more badlyB.much betterC.much badlyD.much worse5.The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets.A.was bookedB.had been bookedC.were bookedD.have been booked6.You had one of your teeth pulled out yesterday，？A.had youB.hadn’t youC.did youD.didn’t you7.Eat cake you like and leave the others for comes in late.A.any…whoB.every…whoeverC.whichever…whoeverD.either…whoever8.It was how the young man had learned five foreign languages att- racted the audience’s interest.A.so thatB.thatC.whatD.in which9.The gentleman you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.A.whoB.about whomC.whomD.with whom10.He let me repeat his instruction sure that I understood what wasafter he went away.A.to make…to be doneB.making…doingC.to make…to doD.making…to do11.I told him what I was surprised his attitude towards his study.A.isB.wasC.at isD.at was12.Will those the children from abroad come to the headmaster’s office?A.teachingB.teachC.who teachesD.who teaching13.There was no news；，she did not give up hope.A.moreoverB.thereforeC.butD.nevertheless14.I should have been there，but I not find the time.A.wouldB.couldC.mightD.should15.I shall stay in the hotel all day there is news of the missing child.A.in caseB.no matterC.in any caseD.ever since16.Every possible means to prevent the air pollution，but the sky is still not clear.A.is usedB.are usedC.has been usedD.have been used17.These houses are sold at such a low price people expected.A.likeB.asC.thatD.which18.While building a tunnel through the mountain，.A.an underground lake was discoveredB.there was an underground lake discoveredC.a lake was discovered undergroundD.the workers discovered an underground lake19.―You seem to show interest in cooking.―What?，I’m getting tired of it.A.On the contraryB.To the contraryC.On the other handD.To the other hand20.―You should have thanked her before you left.―I meant，but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere.A.to doB.toC.doingD.doing so二、词汇从下列各题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。
2000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题T ext 1A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the world’s best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea’s LG Electronics in July.) Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America’s machine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America’s industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. “American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted,” according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government. “It makes me p roud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity,” says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as “a golden age of business management in the United States.”51. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War II because ________.[A] it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal[B] its domestic market was eight times larger than before[C] the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors[D] the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy52. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact thatthe American ________.[A] TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market[B] semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises[C] machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions[D] auto industry had lost part of its domestic market53. What can be inferred from the passage?[A] It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride.[B] Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.[C] The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation.[D] A long history of success may pave the way for further development.54. The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed tothe ________.[A] turning of the business cycle[B] restructuring of industry[C] improved business management[D] success in education。
2000年英语试题及参考答案Section ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked［A］，［B］，［C］and ［D］,Choose the one that best pletes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by black-Example:I have been to the Great Wall three times1979.[A］from ［B］after ［C］for ［D］sinceThe sentence should read,"I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979." Therefore, you should choose ［D］Sample Answer[A］［B］［C］［■］1.As I'll be away for at least a year, I'd appreciatefrom you now and then telling me how everyone is getting along. ［A］hearing ［B］to hear ［C］to be hearing ［D］having heard2.Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, to find it locked.［A］just ［B］only ［C］hence ［D］thus3.Doctors see a connection between increase amounts of leisure time spent and the increased number of cases of skin cancer.［A］to sunbathe ［B］to have sunbathed［C］having sunbathed ［D］sunbathing4.Unless you sign a contract with the insurance pany for your goods, you are not entitled a repayment for the goods damaged in delivery.［A］to ［B］with ［C］for ［D］on5.On a rainy day I was driving north through Vermont I noticed a young man holding up a sign reading "Boston". ［A］which ［B］where ［C］when ［D］that6.Christie stared angrily at her boos and turned away, as though out of the office.［A］went ［B］gone ［C］to go ［D］would go7.The roles expected old people in such a setting give too few psychological satisfactions for normal happiness.［A］of ［B］on ［C］to ［D］ with8.Talk to anyone in the drug industry, you'll soon discover that the science of geics is the biggest thing to hit drug research since penicillin was discovered.［A］or ［B］and ［C］for ［D］so9.It wasn't so much that I disliked her that I just wasn't interested in the whole business.［A］rather ［B］so ［C］than ［D］as10.Countless divouced politicians would have been elected out of office years ago had they even thought of a divouce, let alone one.［A］getting ［B］to get ［C］gotten ［D］getSection BDirections:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked［A］，［B］［C］，and［D］.Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(5points)Sorry, this section has to be shown in GIF format. We'll plete it soon. Please pay attention to our website:edu.yesky.Section CDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there four choices marked［A］，［B］，［C］and［D］.Choose the one that best pletes the sentenec. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(10 points)Example:The lost car of the Lees was found in the woods off the highway.［A］vanished ［B］scattered ［C］abandoned ［D］rejected The sentence should read," The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway."Therefore,you should choose［C］.Sample Answer［A］［B］［■］［D］21.He spoke so that even his opponents were won over by his arguments.［A］bluntly ［B］convincingly［C］emphatically ［D］determinedly22.France's of nuclear testing in the South Pacific last month triggered political debates and mass demonstrations. ［A］assumption ［B］consumption［C］presumption ［D］resumption23.The 215-page manu, circulated to publishers last October, an outburst of interest.［A］flared ［B］glittered ［C］sparked ［D］flashed24.His efforts to bring about a reconciliation between the two Parties.［A］came off ［B］came on ［C］came round ［D］came down25.The system was redesigned to embrace the work and eventually it in a profitable direction.［A］adapt ［B］control ［C］install ［D］steer26.The capital intended to broaden the export base and efficiency gains from international trade was channeled instead into uneconomic import substitution.［A］secure ［B］extend ［C］defend ［D］possess27.It is announced that a wallet has been found and can be at the manager's office.［A］declared ［B］obtained ［C］reclaimed ［D］recognized28.When I my senses, I found myself wrapped up in bed in my little room, with Grandma bending over me.［A］woke up ［B］took to ［C］picked up ［D］came to29.The American society is an exceedingly shaky foundation of natural resources, which is connected with thepossibility of a worsening environment.［A］established on ［B］affiliated to［C］originated from ［D］incorporated with30.I am not with my roommate but I have to share the room with her, because I have nowhere else to live.［A］concerned ［B］patible ［C］considerate ［D］plied31.At first, the of color pictures over a long distance seemed impossible, but, with painstaking efforts and at great expense, it became a reality.［A］transaction ［B］transmission［C］transformation ［D］transition32.When the mittee to details, the proposed plan seemed impractical.［A］got down ［B］set about ［C］went off ［D］came up33.to some parts of South America is still difficult, because parts of the continent are still covered with thick forests.［A］Orientation ［B］Aess ［C］Procession ［D］Voyage34.Mr Smith had an unusual: he was first an office clerk, the a sailor, and ended up as a school teacher.［A］profession ［B］oupation ［C］position ［D］career35.The mayor is a woman with great and therefore deserves our political and financial support.［A］intention ［B］instinct ［C］integrity ［D］intensity36.The English weather defies forecast and hence is a source of interest to everyone.［A］speculation ［B］attribution ［C］utilization ［D］proposition37.The fact that the golden eagle usually builds its nest on some high cliffs it almost impossible to obtain the eggs or the young birds.［A］renders ［B］reckons ［C］regards ［D］relates38.To impress a future employer, one should dress neatly be, and display in the job.［A］swift ［B］instant ［C］timely ［D］punctual39.You don't have to install this radio in your new car,it's an extra.［A］excessive ［B］optional ［C］additional ［D］arbitrary40.We were pleased to note that the early morning delivery didn't to the traffic jam of the busy city.［A］aid ［B］amount ［C］add ［D］attributePartⅡ Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in following passage, there arefour choices marked［A］,［B］,［C］and［D］.Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(10 points)If a farmer wishes to sueed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain 41 consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and hisfamily 42 he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance 43 the unpredictable ef。
时态（Tense）是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。
因此，当我们说时态结构的时候，指的是相应时态下的动词形式。
英语时态分为16种：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时，以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时。
1. 一般现在时用法：A)表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征。
B)习惯用语。
C)经常性、习惯性动作。
例：He always helps others. （他总是帮助别人。
）D)客观事实和普遍真理。
尤其要注意，如果前后文不是一般现在时，则无法保持主句、从句时态一致。
E)表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作，（仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词）可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用。
常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式。
例：The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.（下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。
）How often does this shuttle bus run? （这班车多久一趟？）F)在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在（有时也用现在完成时）表示将来事情。
例：When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.（等你完成这份报告的时候，我就已经等了将近3个小时了。
）2. 现在进行时(be doing) 用法：现在正在进行的动作。
3. 现在完成时(have done) 用法：A) 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成。
例：I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.A) didn't sell B) sold C) haven't sold D) would sell答案是C) haven't sold。
上海市2000年高考物理试卷答案及评分标准-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2000/07/11 新浪文教(1)定出评分标准是为了尽可能在统一的标准下评定成绩，试题的参考答案只用来说明评分标准的，考生按其他方法或步骤解答，正确的，同样给分。
有错的，根据错误的性质，参照评分标准中相应的规定评分。
(2)第一、二、三题只要求写出答案，不要求写出演算过程。
(3)第21、22、23、24题只有最后答案而无演算过程的，不给分，解答中单纯列出与解题无关的文字公式，或虽列出公式，但文字符号与题中所给定的不同，不给分。
(4)需作数字计算的问题，对答案的有效数字不作严格要求，一般按试题要求或按试题情况取二位或三位有效数字即可。
一、选择题。
1.B、D2.C3.A、C4.A5.A、D6.A、C7.A、C、D8.B、C、D9.C 10.A、D评分标准：全题50分，每小题5分，全选对得5分，选对但不全得2分，有选错或全部不选得0分)二、填空题11.qElcosθqElcosθqElcosθ电场力做功的大小与路径无关，只与始末位置有关12.0.58(或√3 /3)13.(1)见右图(2)8G14.2×107，0.00115.只要属于与照片情景有关的物理问题均可得分。
例如：此宇航员是否受地球引力作用？此宇航员受力是否平衡？宇航员背后的天空为什么是黑暗的？等等。
若解答不以问题的形式出现，不属于物理问题或与照片情景无关，均不能得分。
评分标准：全题20分，每小题4分，其中第11题每格1分，第13题受力图2分，填空2分，第14、15题每格2分。
三、实验题。
16.作平抛运动的物体在水平方向作匀速直线运动，在竖直方向作自由落体运动(或平抛运动是水平方向的匀速直线运动和竖直方向的自由落体运动的合成)。
(4分)17.A(4分)18.(1)A，C，D(4分)(2)4(2分)(3)见右图(悬线在转轴右侧竖直方向与第二圆环相切，钩码不画不扣分)(1分)19.(1)R3、R3，B(1分，1分，2分)(2)R0短路或R2断开(4分)20.(1)见右图。
2000年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(广东卷)生物第I卷(选择题,共70分)一、选择题: (本大题共35小题,每题2分,共70分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中只有-项是符合题目要求的。
)1．细胞核的主要功能是A．进行能量转换B．合成蛋白质C．贮存和复制遗传物质D．贮存能源物质2．下列四个细胞图中,属于二倍体生物精子细胞的是3．用显微镜的一个目镜分别与4个不同倍数的物镜组合来观察血细胞涂片。
当成像清晰时,每一物镜与载玻片的距离如图所示。
如果载玻片位置不变,用哪一物镜在一个视野中看到的细胞最多4．在制备蛇毒抗毒素血清时,须将灭毒的蛇毒液注人家兔体内,引起免疫反应。
这一免疫反应和所用的蛇毒分别是A．特异性免疫、抗原B．特异性免疫、抗体C．非特异性免疫、抗原D．非特异性免疫、抗体5．淀粉在小肠内被吸收的主要形式是A．麦芽糖B．淀粉C．葡萄糖D．蔗糖6．某人因炎症造成下肢静脉内出现大量血栓(血凝块)。
如果血栓脱落后在血液中移动,最有可能停留在A．脑B．上肢C．肾D．肺7．下列关于感受器特性的叙述,错误的是A．感受器能将特定的刺激转变成神经冲动B．感受器直接将感受到的刺激传入大脑皮层C．各种感受器都有各自的适宜刺激D．感受器可产生适应现象8．当一个人过度紧张时,会出现手足发凉现象,此时A．交感神经的作用加强,引起皮肤血管收缩B．交感神经的作用加强,引起皮肤血管舒张C．交感神经的作用减弱,引起皮肤血管收缩D．交感神经的作用减弱,引起皮肤血管舒张9．如果支配某一肢体的传入神经及中枢完整,而传出神经受损,那么该肢体A．能运动,针刺有感觉B．不能运动,针刺有感觉C．能运动,针刺元感觉D．不能运动,针刺元感觉10．右图为4种不同的酶(分别以a、b、c、d表示)在不同温度下酶活性变化的曲线。
在37℃时酶活性最高的是A．aB．bC．cD．d11．肾小管与其周围毛细血管之间水分的交换是通过渗透作用完成的。
如果流经肾小管的原尿中葡萄糖浓度明显增高,并且不能完全被肾小管重吸收,那么最终排出的尿液量将会A．增加B．减少C．不变D．不确定12．人的汗腺细胞来自胚胎时期的A．外胚层B．内胚层C．囊胚腔D．中胚层13．人们常用扦插、嫁接等方法繁殖果树。
2000年北京市石景山区初中升学统一考试英语试卷第I卷二．下列各组单词中，有一个单词与其他三个单词的划线部分的读音不同，选出该单词。
（共5分，每小题1分）21. A. face B. lake C. back D. game22. A. nine B. rich C. swim D. film23. A. gate B. page C. give D. grow24. A. cheap B. team C. meal D. head25. A. world B. work C. short D. word三、从下列各题四个选项中选择最佳的一项。
（共16分，每小题1分）26. There are many pictures _____ the wall .A. fromB. toC. aboutD. on解析:在墙的表面用”on”。
27. The room is not mine. It’s ______.A. JimB. JimsC. Jim’sD. Jims’解析:这里用名词性物主代词。
28. I bought ______ yesterday. A. three bottle of milk B. three bottles of milkC. three bottles of milksD. three bottles milk解析: milk不可数，因此表示几瓶牛奶应在bottle上做复数变化。
29. Tom had A. bad cold, ______ he still went to school.A. soB. orC. andD. but解析: 表示转折关系的并列句。
30. The traffiC. ______ stop when the lights are red.A. mustB. mustn’tC. mayD. can’t解析: 根据句意得知在红灯亮的时候交通一定要停止的。
2000年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷试卷题解考生注意：1.笔试部分共16页，分第I卷（第21题-第105题）和第II卷。
考试时间为120分钟。
2.笔试部分（第21题-第105题）的答案必须涂在同一张答题纸上，从序号21开始。
每一小题只有一个正确答案，考生应将代表该答案的小方格涂黑。
注意试题题号和答题纸编号一一对应，不能错位。
答案需要更改时，只要将原选项用塑料橡皮擦去，重新选择即可。
答案不能写在试卷上，如写在试卷上一律不给分。
3.本试卷分为第I卷（第1-12页）和第II卷（第13-16页）两部分，全卷共6页。
第II卷（共45分）4.第II卷共两大题，请考生用钢笔或圆珠笔将答案直接写在试卷上。
5.答卷前将密封线内的项目填写清楚。
第I卷（五大题，共135分）一、听力部分（第1——第20题，共30分。
考试时间为30分钟。
）I. Listening ComprehensionPart A Short ConversationsDirections:In Part A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each question, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers in your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. About 60. B. About 50.C. About 30.D. About 25.2. A. Her health. B. The class she missed.C. The coming examination.D. The difficult lessons.3. A. Making an appointment. B. Deciding what to do.C. Checking the time.D. Going to class.4. A. She wants him to stay longer.B. She wishes he had left sooner.C. She knows he must go soon.D. She wants him to go now.5. A. Mother and child. B. Manager and customer.C. Teacher and student.D. Boss and clerk.6. A. Mother and father. B. Teacher and student.C. Two friends.D. Parent and child.7. A. She wonders why they can’t go for a walk.B. She doesn’t want to go for a walk in the park.C. She doesn’t want to go out with the man.D. She thinks it’s a good idea.8. A. In the morning. B. At an early age.C. Half an hour ago.D. At six o’clock.9. A. In a park. B. In a museum.C. In a zoo.D. In a pet store.10. A. Because of the size. B. Because of the colour.C. Because of the material.D.Because of the style.Part B Longer ConversationsDirections:In Part B you will hear two longer conversations. After each conversation you will be asked two questions. The conversations will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 and 12 are based on the following conversation11. A. She can fix the loose connector.B. She’s annoyed by a strange noise.C. She doe sn’t like the screen.D. Her computer doesn’t work.12. A. The man is going over to the woman’s place.B. The problem is solved.C. The man doesn’t know what’s wrong with the computer.D. The computer is completely broken.Questions 13 and 14 are based on the following conversation.13. A. A reporter. B. A school teacher.C. A traveler.D. A musician.14. A. To give more concerts. B. TO travel abroad.C. To run a special school.D. To perform more beautifully.Part C PassagesDirections: In Pat C, you will hear two short passages and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 15 through 17 are based on the following passage15. A. She caught a butterfly.B. She set a butterfly free.C. She saw a butterfly flying away.D. She changed a butterfly into a fairy.16. A. Letter her have any wish she would like.B. Letting her go anywhere she would like.C. Making her rich.D. Making her popular in the neighborhood.17. A. How to help others.B. The secret life of a young girl.C. The true meaning of happiness.D. Beauty brings happiness.Questions 18 through 20 are based on the following passage.18. A. Nurse. B. Doctors.C. Patients.D. Visitors.19. A. Having soft drinks.B. Listening to the hospital radio.C. Smoking in certain areas.D. Visiting patients in the morning.20. A. A music programme. B. A medical report.C. Hospital rules.D. A talk show.That’s the end of Listening ComprehensionII. GrammarDirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.21 The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, ___?A. did theyB. didn't theyC. did itD. didn't it22. They are not very good, but we like___.A. anyway to play basketball with themB. to play basketball with them anywayC. to play with them basketball anywayD. with them to play basketball anyway23. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he ___ your lecture.A. couldn't have attendedB. needn't have attendedC. mustn't have attendedD. shouldn't have attended24. My uncle ___ until he was forty-five.A. marriedB. didn't marriedC. was not marryingD. would marry25. Not a single song ___ at yesterday's party.A. she sangB. sang sheC. did she singD. she did sing26. ___ of the land in that district ___ covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth … isB. Two fifth … areC. Two fifths … isD. Two fifths … are27. ___ she couldn't understand was ___ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A. What … whyB. That … whatC. What … becauseD. Why … that28. Recently I bought an ancient vase, ___ was very reasonable.A. which priceB. the price of whichC. its priceD. the price of those29. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ___.A. who is heB. who he isC. who is itD. who it is30. She found her calculator ___ she lost it.A. whereB. whenC. in whichD. that31. He sent me an e-mail, ___ to get further information.A. hopedB. hopingC. to hope D hope32. I know nothing about the young lady ___ she is from Beijing.A. exceptB. except forC. except thatD. besides33. What he has down is far from ___.A. satisfactoryB. satisfiedC. satisfaction D satisfy34. You're standing too near the camera. Can you move ___?A. a bit farB. a little fartherC. a bit of fartherD.a little far35. Greenland, ___ island in the world, covers over two million square kilometres.A. it is the largestB. that is the largestC. is the largestD. the largest36. If only he ___ quietly as the doctor instructed, he wouldn't suffer so much now.A. liesB. layC. had lainD. shouldn't lie37. in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A. Being foundedB. It was foundedC. FoundedD. Founding38. An awful accident ___, however, occur the other day.A. doesB. didC. has toD. had to39. The ___ boy was last seen ___ near the East Lake.A. missing … playingB. missing … playC. missed … playedD. missed … to play40. Tony was very unhappy for ___ to the party.A. having not been invitedB. not having invitedC having not invited D. not having been invited41 --- Shall I help you with that suitcase?--- ___.A. It's all right, thanks.B. Yes, go ahead please.C. I don't want to trouble you too much.D. No, please don't do it.42 --- You've given us a wonderful Chinese dinner, Mrs. Wang.--- ____.A. Oh, I'm afraid I didn't cook very well.B. I'm glad you enjoyed itC. Come again when you are free.D. it's not necessary for you to say so43 ---do you mind if I keep pets in this building?---____.A. I'd rather you didn't, actually.B. Of course not, it's not allowed there.C. Great! I love pets.D. No, you can't.44---I don't have any change with me. Will you pay the fare for me?---____.A. That's fineB. Nothing seriousC. Never mindD. No problem45 ---I didn't know this was a one-way street, officer.---____.A. That's all rightB. I don't believe youC. How dare you say thatD. Sorry, but that's no excuseIII. VocabularyDirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.46. The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a(n)____ of courage and power.A. exampleB. signC. markD. symbol47. We volunteered to collect money to help the ____ of the earthquake.A. victimsB. folksC. fellowsD. villagers48 If you don't take away all your things from the desk, there won't be enough____for my stationery.A. areaB. placeC. roomD. surface49. It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to ____.A. rewardB. prizesC. awardsD. results50. I wrote him a letter to show my____ of his thoughtfulness.A. achievementB. agreementC. attentionD. appreciation51 One of the advantages of living on the top of the floor of a highrise is that you can get a good ___.A. sightB. sceneC. viewD. look52. ---Excuse me, may I ask you some questions?---Sorry, I'm too busy and haven't a minute to ____.A. spendB. spareC. shareD. stop53. Although the working mother is very busy, she still____ a lot of time to her children.A. devotesB. spendsC. offersD. provides54. When I opened the door, a parcel on the floor ____my eye.A. metB. caughtC. drewD. attracted55. After the president made an official announcement, she expressed her ____opinion.A. personalB. privateC. singleD. individual56. Alice laid her baby on the sofa____ and wrapped it with a blanket.A. silentlyB. tenderlyC. friendlyD. comfortably57. Fred is second to none in maths in our class, but believe it or not, he ____passed the last exam.A. easilyB. hardlyC. actuallyD. successfully58. Our bodies are strengthened by taking exercises. _____, our minds are developed by learning.A. ProbablyB. LikelyC. SimilarlyD. Generally59. He holds an important position in that company; ______, I don't quite trust him.A. ThusB. FurthermoreC. OtherwiseD. Nevertheless60.If you had _____your test paper carefully before handing it in, you would have made fewer mistakes.A. looked upB. thought aboutC. gone overD. gone roundIV. ClozeDirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.(A)Bedtime stories are one of the delights of early childhood. But according to Dr. Julie Spreadbury from Queensland University, parent should not _61__ up reading to their children_62__they enter primary school. She says listening to, reading and discussing the stories help children's_63_."My_64__ indicates that once children can read themselves, most parent stop reading_65__them," Dr. Spreadbury says."_66__may be at the end of year 1,which is far too_67__."Dr. Spreadbury says _68_reading not only gives children a good start at school. But brings parents and children closer."This makes it _69__for them to open up and talk to parents about things that worrying them, or things they are _70__ in their everyday life."61. A. speed B. keep C. give D. hold62. A. after B. until C. if D. unless63. A. thinking B. comprehension C. relaxation D. development64. A. theory B. research C. story D. decision65. A. about B. from C. to D. through66. A. Some B. Most C. They D. That67. A. difficult B. early C. much D.informal68. A. daily B. healthy C. fast D. bedtime69. A. easier B. funnier C. rarer D. clearer70. A. reading B. promising C. celebrating D. receiving(B)Chinese scientists are again becoming excited about the fact that a large hairy animal may live in central China. Now they hope it won't be too long before they are able to _71_its existence. Their confidence is the _72_of a new discovery of the mystery animal in Hubei Province.Ten Chinese _73__, enjoying a holiday in a National Forest Park, were driving down a road. As their bus turned a corner, the men were suddenly _74_by what they saw. Three_75_animals, covered with long black hair, were crossing the road. On seeing the animal, the engineers immediately stopped and _76_them. _77_, when they saw how the animals moved through the forest with great_78_ and strength, they did not dare to follow any further.The men did not take any _79_. However, scientists are_80_ by the discovery, because the engineers were all very educated people and scientists feel they can _81_What they described.After the discovery, scientists returned to the forest and_82_some hair and measured footprints. About 20 inches appears to be the animal's foot！Chinese scientists have now set up a special group to exchange information and make a_83_of the forest. But in the meantime, some people_84_to believe that this half-man, half-monkey exists. They will not believe that it is _85_until one of the animals have been caught.71. A. prove B. analyze C. protect D. check72. A. basis B. requirement C. result D. preparation73. A. travellers B. engineers C. scientists D. explorers74. A. frightened B. amazed C. upset D. inspired75. A. trained B. projected C. tall D. violent76. A. shot at B. looked at C. fought with D. ran after77. A. However B. Indeed C. Meanwhile D. Anyway78. A. difficult B. speed C. care D. pleasure79. A. bullets B. tools C. medicines D. photographs80. A. surprised B. delighted C. disturbed D. supported81. A. rely on B. deal with C. write down D. pass on82. A. cut B. pulled C. collected D.tore83. A. film B. tour C. choice D. study84. A. come B. refuse C. prefer D. have85. A. wrong B. alive C. real D. correctIV. Reading ComprehensionDirections: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The famous director of a big and expensive movie planned to film a beautiful sunset over the ocean, so that the audiences could see his hero and heroine in front of it at the end of the film as they said goodbye to each other for ever. He sent camera crew out one evening to film the sunset for him.The next morning he said to the men, "Have you provided me with that sunset? ""No, Sir," the men answered.The director was angry. "Why not? " he asked."Well, Sir, " one of the men answered, "we are on the east coast here, and the sun sets in the west. We can get you a sunrise over the sea, if necessary, but not a sunset.""But I want a sunset!" the director shouted. "Go to the airport, take the next flight to the west coast, and get one. "But then a young secretary had an idea. "Why don't you photograph a sunrise, " she suggested, "and then play it backwards? Then it'll look like a sunset.""That's a very good idea! " the director said. Then he turned to the camera crew and said, "Tomorrow morning I want you to get me a beautiful sunrise over the sea. "The camera crew went out early the next morning and filmed a bright sunrise over the beach in the middle of a beautiful bay（海湾）. Then at nine o'clock they took it to the director. "Here it is, Sir, " they said, and give it to him. He was very pleased.They all went into the studio（摄影棚）. "All right, " the director explained, "now our hero and heroine are going to say goodbye. Run the film backwards so that we can see the 'sunset' behind them. "The "sunset" began, but after a quarter of a minute, the director suddenly put his face in his hands and shouted to the camera crew to stop.The birds in the file were flying backwards, and the waves on the sea were going away from the beach.86.One evening, the director sent his camera crew out____.A. to watch a beautiful sunsetB. to find an actor and an actressC. to film a scene on the seaD. to meet the audience87.Why did the director want to send his crew to the west coast?A. Because he changed his mind about getting a sunsetB. Because he was angry about his crewC. Because it was his secretary's suggestion.D. Because he wanted to get a scene of sunset88.Which of the following is NOT true?A. The crew had to follow the secretary's advice.B. If you want to see a sunrise, the east coast is a place to go.C. The camera crew wasn't able to film the scene the first dayD. The director ordered his crew to stop filming the "sunset"89 The director wanted to film a sunset over the ocean because_____.A. it went well with the separation of the hero and heroineB. when they arrived at the beach it was already in the eveningC. it was more moving than a sunriseD. the ocean looked more beautiful at sunset90.After the "sunset" began, the director suddenly put his face in his hands____.A. because he was moved to tearsB. as he saw everything in the film moving backwardsC. as the sunrise did not look as beautiful as he had imaginedD. because he was disappointed with the performance of the hero and the heroine(B)I came to study in the United States a year ago. Yet I did not know the American society until I was injured in a car accident because after the accident I had to see a doctor-and go to court（法庭）.After the accident, my roommate called a doctor for me. I was very grateful and determined to repay him one day. But the next day, he asked me to pay him $200 for what he had done. I was astonished. He had good reason to charge me, he said. And if I wanted to collect money from the person who was responsible for my injury, I'd have to have a good lawyer. Now that he had helped me to find a good doctor, it was only fair that I should pay him.But every time I went to see the doctor, I had to wait about 50 minutes. He would see two or three patients at the same time, and often stop treating one so as to see another. Yet he charged me $115 each time. The final examination report consisted of ten lines, and it cost me $215.My lawyer was all smiles the first time we met. But after that he avoided seeing me at all. he knew very well the other party was responsible for the accident, yet he hardly did anything. He simply waited to collect his money. He was so irresponsible that I decided to dismiss（解雇）him. And he made me pay him $770.Now I had to act as my own lawyer. Due to my inexperience, I told the insurance the date I was leaving America. Knowing that, they played for time, … and I left without getting a cent.My experiences taught me two things about America: firstly, in a country like America money is everything. It is more important than friendship honour or professional morality（职业道德）. Secondly, foreigners are still being unfairly treated. So when we talk about America, we should see both its good and bad sides.91.The author's roommate offered to help him because_____.A. he felt sorry for the authorB. he thought it was a chance to make some moneyC. he knew the doctor was a very good oneD. he wanted the author to have a good lawyer92. A good doctor is essential for the author to____.A. be properly treatedB. talk with the person responsible for the accidentC. recover before he leaves AmericaD. eventually get the responsible party to pay for his injury93.The word " charge " in the passage means____.A. be responsibleB. accuseC. ask as a priceD. claim94.both the doctor and the lawyer in this passage are very___.A. friendlyB. greedyC. professionalD. busy95.What conclusion can you draw from this story?A. Going to court is something every common in AmericaB. One must be very careful while driving a carC. There are more bad sides in America than good sidesD. Money is more important than other things in the US(C)Laptop（便携式）computers are popular all over the world. People use them on trains and airplanes, in airports and hotels. These laptop connect people to their work place. In the United States today, laptops also connect students to their classrooms.Westlake College in Virginia will start a laptop computer program that allows students to do school work anywhere they want. Within five years, each of the 1,500 students at the college will receive a laptop. The laptops are a part of a $10million computer program at Westlake, a 110-year old college. The students with laptops will also have access to the Internet. In addition, they will be able to use e-mail to "speak" with their tethers, their classmates, and their families. However, the most important part of the laptop program is that students will be able to use computers without going to computer labs. They can work with it at home, in a fast-food restaurant or under the trees-anywhere at all!Because of the many changes in computer technology, laptop use in higher education, such as colleges and universities, is workable. As laptops become more powerful, they become more similar to desktop computers. In addition, the portable computers can connect students to not only Internet, but also libraries and other resources. State higher-education officials are studying how laptops can help students. State Officials also are testing laptop programs at other universities, too.At Westlake College, more than 60 percent of the staff use the computers. The laptops will allow all teachers to use computers in their lessons. As one Westlake teacher said, "Here we are in the middle of Virginia and we're giving students a window on the world. They can see everything and do everything. "96 The main purpose of the laptop program is to give each student a laptop to____.A. use for their schoolworkB. access the InternetC. work at homeD. connect them to libraries97 Why is the word "speak" in the second paragraph in quotation mark?A. They don't really talkB. They use the computer languageC. Laptops have speakersD. None of the above reasons is correct98 Which of the following is true about Westlake College?A. All teachers use computersB. 1,500 students have laptopsC. It is an old college in AmericaD. Students there can do everything99. A window on the world in the last paragraph means that students can____.A. attend lectures on information technologyB. travel around the worldC. get information from around the worldD. have free laptops100. What can we infer（推断）passage?A. The program is successfulB. The program is not workableC. The program is too expensiveD. We don't know the result yet(D)Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for yeas. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness.The first kind of loneliness is temporary（暂时的）. This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation-for example, family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year.The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic（长期的）usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person's social contacts, e.g. friends, family members, co-workers, etc. we dependon various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents and teachers give us guidance, and our friends share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their popularity.Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons: they are unhappy and unable to socialize and there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness such as heart disease. While temporary and situational loneliness can be normal, healthy part of life, chronic loneliness can be a sad, and sometimes dangerous condition.101.How would you treat temporary loneliness according to the passage?A. Talk to friendsB. Just ignore itC. Go to see a doctorD. Ask your teachers for guidance102."It" in the last sentence of the second paragraph refers to _____.A. temporary lonelinessB. situational lonelinessC. a new placeD sleeplessness103.The topic of the 4th paragraph is that____.A. one problem of loneliness is a person's social contactsB. we depend on various person for different reasonsC. lonely people don't have many social problemsD. lonely people don't have many friends104. Why do psychologists want to help chronically lonely people?A. Chronic loneliness can cause family problemsB. Chronic loneliness can cause serious illnessC. Chronic loneliness can not be overcomeD. A, B and C are all correct105 What is the best title for the passage?A. Three Kinds of LonelinessB. Loneliness and DiseasesC. Loneliness and Social ContactsD. Chronic LonelinessI. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases given in the brackets.1. 让我们利用这次长假去香港旅游。
2000年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（广东卷）数学本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分第Ⅰ卷1至2页第Ⅱ卷3至8页共150分考试时间120分钟第Ⅰ卷（选择题共60分） 注意事项：1．答第Ⅰ卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、座位号、考试科目、试卷类型（A 或B ）用铅笔涂写在答题卡上，同时将才生号条形码粘贴在答题卡“条形码粘贴处”2．每小题选出答案后，用铅笑把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案，不能答在试题卷上3．考试结束，监考人将本试卷和答题卡一并收回 参考公式：三角函数的积化和差公式)]cos()[cos(21sin sin )]sin()[sin(21sin cos )]sin()[sin(21cos sin βαβαβαβαβαβαβαφαβα--+-=--+=-++=正棱台、圆台的侧面积公式l S )c c (21+'=台侧 其中c '、c 分别表示上、下底面周长，l 表示斜高或母线长 台体的体积公式h S S S V )S (31+'+=台体其中S '、S 分别表示上、下底面积，h 表示高一、选择题：本大题共12小题，每小题5分，共60分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的（1）已知集合],43,2,1[=A ，那么A 的真子集的个数是： （A ）15 （B ）16 （C ）3 （D ）4（2）在复平面内，把复数i 33-对应的向量按顺时钟方向旋转3π，所得向量对应的复数是：（A ）23 （B ）i 32- （C ）3i 3- （D ）3+i 3（3）一个长方体共一顶点的三个面的面积分别是2，3，6，这个长方体对角线的长是：（A ）23 （B ）32 （C ）6 （D ）6（4）已知sin α＞sin β，那么下列命题成立的是（A ）若α、β是第一象限角，则cos α＞cos β （B ）若α、β是第二象限角，则tgα＞tg β（C ）若α、β是第三象限角，则cos α＞cos β （D ）若α、β是第四象限角，则tgα＞tg β（5）函数x x y cos -=的部分图象是（6）《中华人民共和国个人所得税法》规定，公民全月工资、薪金所得不超过800元的部分不必纳税，超过800元的部分为全月应纳税所得额，此项税款按下表分段累进计算：某人一月份应交纳此项税款26.78元，则他的当月工资、薪金所得介于（A ）800~900元 （B ）900~1200元 （C ）1200~1500元 （D ）1500~2800元（7）若a ＞b ＞1，⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+=+=⋅=2lg ),lg (lg 21,lg lg b a R b a Q b a P ，则 （A ）R ＜P ＜Q （B ）P ＜Q ＜R （C ）Q ＜P ＜R （D ）P ＜R ＜Q（8）以极坐标系中的点（1，1）为圆心，1为半径的圆的方程是 （A ）⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛-=4cos 2πθρ （B ）⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-=4sin 2πθρ （C ）()1cos 2-=θρ （C ）()1sin 2-=θρ（9）一个圆柱的侧面展开图是一个正方形，这个圆柱的全面积与侧面积的比是 （A ）ππ221+ （B ）ππ441+ （C ）ππ21+ （D ）ππ241+ （10）过原点的直线与圆2x +2y +x 4+3=0相切，若切点在第三象限，则该直线的方程是（A ）x y 3= （B ）x y 3-= （C ）x y 33=（D ）x y 33-= （11）过抛物线)0(2 a ax y =的焦点F 作一直线交抛物线于P 、Q 两点，若线段PF 与FQ 的长分别是p 、q ，则p 1+q1等于（A ）a 2 （B ）a 21 （C ）a 4 （D ）a4 （12）如图，OA 是圆雏底面中心O 互母线的垂线，OA 绕轴旋转一周所得曲面将圆锥分成体积相等的两部分，则母线与轴的夹角的余弦值为（A ）321（B ）21 （C ）21 （D ）n 212000年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（广东卷）数学第Ⅱ卷（非选择题共90分） 注意事项：1．第Ⅱ卷共6页，用钢笔或圆珠笔直接答在试题卷中2二、填空题：本大题共4小题，每小题4分，共16分，把答案填在题中横线上（13）乒乓球队的10名队员中有3名主力队员，派5名参加比赛，3名主力队员要安排在第一、三、五位置，其余7名队员选2名安排在第二、四位置，那么不同的出场安排共有 种（用数字作答）（14）椭圆14922=+y x 的焦点1F 、2F ，点P 为其上的动点，当∠1F P 2F 为钝角时,点P 横坐标的取值范围是（15）设n a 是首项为1的正项数列，且（n+1）01221=+-++n n n n a a na a (n=1，2，3，…)，则它的通项公式是=n a（16）如图，E 、F 分别为正方体面ADD 1A 1、面BCC 1B 1的中心，则四边形BFD 1E 在该正方体的面上的射影可能是（要求：把可能的图序号都填上）三、解答题：本大题共6小题，共74分，解答应写出文字说明，证明过程或演算步骤（17）（本小题满分12分）已知函数R x x x y ∈+=,cos sin 3（Ⅰ）当函数γ取得最大值时，求自变量x 的集合；（Ⅱ）该函数的图象可由)(sin R x x y ∈=的图象经过怎样的平移和伸缩变换得到？（18）（本小题满分12分）设{}n a 为等比数例，n n n a a a n na T ++-+=-1212)1( ，已知11=T ，42=T （Ⅰ）求数列{}n a 的首项和公式； （Ⅱ）求数列{}n T 的通项公式（19）（本小题满分12分）如图，已知平行六面体ABCD —A 1B 1C 1D 1的底面ABCD 上菱形，且∠C 1CB=∠C 1CD=∠BCD ，（Ⅰ）证明：C 1C ⊥BD ；（Ⅱ）当1CC CD的值为多少时，能使A 1C ⊥平面C 1BD ？请给出证明（20）设函数ax x x f -+=1)(2，其中0 a（Ⅰ）解不等式)(x f ≤1；（Ⅱ）证明：当a ≥1时，函数)(x f 在区间[0，+∞]上是单调函数（21）（本小题满分12分）某蔬菜基地种植西红柿，由历年市场行情得知，从二月一日起的300天内，西红柿场售价与上市时间的关系用图一的一条折线表示；西红柿的种植成本与上市时间的关系用图二的抛物线段表示（Ⅰ）写出图一表示的市场售价与时间的函数关系式)(t f p =； 写出图二表示的种植成本与时间的函数关系式)(t g Q =；（Ⅱ）认定市场售价减去种植成本为纯收益，问何时上市的西红柿纯收益最大？ （注：市场售价各种植成本的单位：元/102㎏，时间单位：天）（22）（本小题满分14分）如图，已知梯形ABCD 中|AB|=2|CD|，点E 分有向线段AC 所成的比为λ，双曲线过C 、D 、E 三点，且以A 、B 为伪点，当4332≤≤λ时，求双曲线离心率c 的取值范围2000年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（广东卷）数学试题参考解答及评分标准说明：一、本解答指出了每题要考查的主要知识和能力，并给出了一种或几种解法供参考，如果考生的解法与本解答不局，可根据试题的主要考查内容比照评分标准制订相应的评分细则二、对计算题，当考生的解答在某一步出现错误时，如果后继部分的解答未改变该题的内容和难度，可视影响的程度决定后继部分的给分，但不得超过该部分正确解答应得分数的一半；如果后继部分的解答有较严重的错误，就不再给分三、解答右端所注分数，表示考生正确做到这一步应得的累加分数 四、只给整数分数，选择题和填空不给中间分一、选择题：本题考查基本知识和基本运算，每小题5分，满分60分A 型卷答案（1）A （2）B （3）D （4）D （5）D （6）C （7）B （8）C （9）A（10）C （11）C （12）D B 型卷答案（1）C （2）B （3）D （4）D （5）D （6）A （7）B （8）A （9）C （10）A （11）A （12）D二、填空题：本题考查基本知识和基本运算，每小题4分，满分16分（13）252 （14）5353x -（15）n1（16）○2○3 三、解答题 （17）本小题主要考查三角函数的图象和性质、利用三角公式进行恒等变形的技能以及运算能力满分12分解：（1）⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+=⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+=+=6sin cos 6cos sin 2 cos 21sin 232 cos sin 3ππx x x x xx yR x x ∈⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+=,6sin 2π …………3分γ取得最大值必须且只需即,,23,,226Z k k x Z k k x ∈+=∈+=+πππππ所以，使函数γ取得最大值的自变量x 的集合为},,23|{Z k k x x ∈+=ππ…………6分（Ⅱ）变换的步骤是：（1）把函数x y sin =的图象向左平移,6π得到 …………9分 ⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+=6sin πx y 的图象；（2）令所得到的图象上各点横坐标不变，把纵坐标伸长到原来的2倍，得到⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+=6sin 2πx y 的图象；经过这样的变换就得到函数x x y cos sin 3+=的图象 …………12分（18）本小题主要考查等比数列的基础知识和基本技能，运算能力，满分12分（Ⅰ）解：设等比数列{}n a 以比为q ，则)2(2,121211q a a a T a T +=+== …………2分∵4,121==T T ，∴2,11==q a …………4分 （Ⅱ）解法一：由（Ⅰ）知2,11==q a ，故1112--==n n n q a a ,因此，1221222)1(1--⋅+⋅++⋅-+⋅=n n n n n T ， (6)分∴22- 21222- 2222 ]21222)1(1[- 21222)1(2 21121-n 212-+=⋅+=+++++=⋅+⋅++⋅-+⋅⋅+⋅++⋅-+⋅=-=+---n n nn n n n nn n n ~-n -n n n n n T T T12)2(+++-=n n …………12分解法二：设n n a a a S +++= 21 由（Ⅰ）知12-=n n a ∴12 2211-=+++=-nn n S …………6分∴分分12 22 21222 222121212 10 S )()(a 2)1(121121211121 n n)-n( )-()-()(S S a a a a a a a a a n na T n n n n n n n n n nn n --=--⋅-=+++=++++=+++=++++++++=+++-+=+--（19）本小题主要考查直线与直线、直线与平面的关系，逻辑推理能力，满分12分 （Ⅰ）证明：连结1A 1C 、AC 和BD 交于O ，连结O C 1 ∵四边形ABCD 是菱形， ∴AC ⊥BD ，BC =CD又∵∠BC 1C =∠1DCC ，C C 1=C C 1， ∴DC C BC C 11∆≅∆， ∴1C B=1C D ， ∵OB DO =∴BD O C ⊥1， 3分但O O C AC BD AC =⊥1, ， ∴⊥BD 平面1AC 又⊂C C 1平面1AC ，∴⊥C C 1BD …………6分 （Ⅱ）当11=CC CD时，能使⊥C A 1平面BD C 1 证明一： ∵11=CC CD， ∴C C CD BC 1==，又CD C CB C BCD 11∠=∠=∠， 由此可推得D C B C BD 11==∴三棱锥BD C C 1-是正三棱锥 …………9分 设C A 1与O C 1相交于G∵AC C A //11，且11C A ：2=OC ：1， ∴G C 1：GO =2：1又O C 1是正三角形BD C 1的BD 边上的高和中线， ∴点G 是正三角形BD C 1的中心， ∴⊥CG 平面BD C 1，即⊥C A 1平面BD C 1 …………12分 证明：由（Ⅰ）知，⊥BC 平面1AC ，∵⊂C A 1平面1AC ，∴C A BD 1⊥ …………9分当11=CC CD时，平行六面体的六个面是全等的菱形， 同C A BD 1⊥的正法可得C A BC 11⊥ 又B BC BD =1 ，∴⊥C A 1平面BD C 1 …………12分（20）本小题主要考查不等式的解法、函数的单调性等基本知识，分类讨论的数学思想方法和运算、推理能力，满分12分（Ⅰ）解：不等式1)(≤x f 即ax x +≤+112，由此得ax +≤11，即0≥ax ，其中常数0 a 所以，原不等式等价于⎩⎨⎧≥+≤+.0,)1(122x ax x 即⎩⎨⎧≥+-≥02)1(,02a x a x …………3分 所以，当10 a 时，所给不等式的解集为}120|{2a ax x -≤≤； 当1≥a 时，所给不等式的解集为}0|{≥x x …………6分 （Ⅱ）证明：在区间),0[+∞上任取21,x x 使得21x x分9 .11)( )(11 )(11)()(22212121212221222121222121 ⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-++++-=--+++-=--+-+=-a x x x x x x x x a x x x x x x a x x x f x f∵1a ,111222121≥++++且 x x x x ，∴011222121 a x x x x -++++，又021 x x -，∴0)()(21 x f x f -，即)()(21x f x f所以，当1≥a 时，函数)(x f 在区间),0[+∞上是单调递减函数 …………12分（21）本小题主要考查由函数图建立函数关系式和求函数最大值的问题，考查运用所学知识解决实际问题的能力，满分12分解：（Ⅰ）由图一可得市场售价与时间的函数关系为⎩⎨⎧≤-≤≤-= 300t 200 3002 200,t 0 ,300)( t t t f分2由图二可得种植成本与时间的函数关系为 300t 0 ,100)150(201)(2≤≤+-=t t g …………4分 （Ⅱ）设t 时刻的纯收益为)(t h ，则由题意得)(t h =)(t f )(t g -，即)(t h =⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧≤-+≤≤++-300t 200 ,21025272001-200,t 0 ,217521200122 t t t t …………6分当2000≤≤t 时，配方整理得)(t h =100)50(20012+--t 所以，当50=t 时，)(t h 取得区间[0，200]上的最大值100；当300200≤t 时，配方整理得)(t h =100)350(20012+--t ， 所以，当300=t 时，)(t h 取得区间（200，300）上的最大值87.5 …………10分综上，由5.87100 可知，)(t h 在区间[0，300]上可以取得最大值100，此时50=t ，即从二月一日开始的第50天时，上市的西红柿纯收益最大 …………12分（22）本小题主要考查坐标法、定比分点坐标公式、双曲线的概念和性质，推理、运算能力和综合应用数学知识解决问题的能力，满分14分解：如图，以AB 的垂直平分线为γ轴，直线AB 为x 轴，建立直角坐标系γxO ，则γ⊥CD 轴因为双曲线经过点C 、D ，且以A 、B 为焦点，由双曲线的对称性知C 、D 关于γ轴对称，…………2分 依题意，记()),(,,),0,(002y x E h C c A c -，其中||21AB c =为双曲线的半焦距，h 是梯形的高，由定比分点坐标公式得.1,)1(2)2(1020λλγλλλλ+=+-=++-=h c c x c 设双曲线的方程为12222=-by a x ，则离心率a c e =，由点C 、E 在双曲线上，将点C 、E 坐标和ac e =代入双曲线的方程，得 14222=-bh e ， ○1 1112422222=⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+-⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+-b h e λλλλ. ○2 …………7分 由○1式得14222-=e bh ， ○3 将○3式代入○2式，整理得λλ21)44(42+=-e ， 故2312+-=e λ …………10分由题设4332≤≤λ得，43231322≤+-≤e 解得107≤≤e ，所以，双曲线的离心率的取值范围为[10,7]， …………14分。
2000年6月高等学校英语应用能力考试A级试卷APart I Listening ComprehensionDirections: This part is to test your listening ability. It consists of 3 sections.Section ADirections: This section is to test your ability to understand short dialogues. There are 5 recorded dialogues in it. After each dialogue, there is a recorded question. Both the dialogues and questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, you should decide on the correct answer from the 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D) given in your test paper. Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.1. A) The woman is busy working.B) The woman can’t take the message.C) Mr. Jackson is in his office.D) Mr. Jackson will be back soon.2. A) Stella should go home immediately,B) Stella should not worry about her family.C) Stella should write home more frequently.D) Stella should phone her family.3. A) He is a businessman.B) He is the boss of a company.C) He is a bus driver.D) He is a professor.4. A) Whether the woman is in good health.B) Whether the woman has written to her parents recently.C) Whether the woman is about to write a letter to her friends.D) Whether the woman still receives a lot of letters.5. A) The class usually begins at 3.B) Professor Smith didn’t have class today.C) The woman’s class ended ahead of time.D) The woman wasn’t with her classmates.Section BDirections: This section is to test your ability to understand short conversations. There are 2recorded conversations in it. After each conversation, there are some recorded questions. Both the conversations and questions will be spoken two times. When you hear a question, youshould decide on the correct answer from the 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D) given in your test paper. Then you should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Conversation 16. A) A native of the city. C) A visitor to the woman’s family.B) A stranger to the place. D) An old friend of the woman.7. A) It’s worth visiting. C) She’s been there many times.B) She knows a lot about it. D) It’s not far from the city center.Conversation II8. A) At Kathy’s school. C) At Mrs. Strong’s home.C) In the police station. D) On the phone.9. A) A whole day. C) The whole morning.B) The whole afternoon. D) A whole night.10. A) Red B) Blue C) Brown D) Yellow.Section CDirections: This section is to test your ability to comprehend short passages. You will hear a recorded passage. After that you will hear five questions. Both the passage and the questions will be read two times. When you hear a question, you should complete the answer to it with a word or a short phrase. The incomplete answers are printed in your test paper. You should write your answers on the Answer Sheet correspondingly. Now the passage 4 will begin.11. She was a .12. She came from .13. Because she .14. They either saw each other or .15. She seemed to bePart Ⅱ structureDirections: This part is to test your ability to construct grammatically correctsentences. It consists of 2 sections.Section ADirections: In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. You are required to complete each one by deciding on the most appropriate word or words from the 4 choices marked A),B), C) and D). Then you should markthe corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.16. is known to all, China is a developing country.A) Which B) What C) As D) That17. Look, the trees are fallen, there a strong wind.A) must be B) should have been C) must have been D) could be18. the report, I handed it to Jane, but she said that George was the personto send it to.A) Having finished C) Being finishingB) Finishing D) To have finished19. The Greeks believed that individuals must be responsible their own actions.A) to B) with C) of D) for20. from life pressure, people have to go all out to work until they are tiredout.A) Suffering B) To suffer C) Being suffered D) Having suffered21. In Britain there have been many people over the age of 65 have begun adegree course with the Open University and passed it successfully. A) what B) which C) that D) who22. If I have to choose Jane and Rose, I would say Jane is the better to bemy secretary.A) among B) with C) for D) between23. still a boy of ten, he started working to support himself.A) For B) As C) When D) Since24. “Susan, what would you say if we go to see the film tonight?”“Thank you, Tony, but I don’t think it is worth twice.”A) seeing B) to see C) see D) seen25. You your wok ahead of time without their help.A) haven’t completed C) weren’t completingB) wouldn’t have completed D) shouldn’t have completedSection BDirections: There are 10 incomplete statements here. You should fill ineach blankwith the proper form of the word given in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.26. This suit is rather dirty now. It’s some time since it (wash) .27. The right side of the brain controls our (imagine) , and our understanding of space and colour.28. In some ways these schools are (differ) from Chinese middle schools.29. People (live) comfortably in the towns hardly feel the pleasure of living inthe country.30. Whenever I went back home I (bring) some gifts to my neighbours.31. Either the teacher or the students are to blame for the bad results of the (examine).32. A Youth Hotel is a place that offers a good night’s sleep in friendly surroundings at a (reason) price.33. Over forty years (pass) since the first bridge was built in the district.34. The couple seated in the restaurant seemed (have) a wonderful time.35. The Chinese people are doing things no one (do) so far.Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (35%)Directions: This part is to test your reading ability. There are 5 tasks for you to fulfil. You should read the materials carefullyand do the tasks as you are instructed.Task 1Directions: After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 36 through 40. For eachquestions or statement there are 4 choices marked A),B), C)and D).you should make the correct choice and mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer sheet with a single linethrough the centre.Each day every person in the United States throws away more than five pounds of garbage (垃圾).there is more garbage now than ever before and most of it is made up of the packages and cans in which we buy our food. The traditional way of getting rid of solid wastes is quickly becoming inadequate. Many cities are experimenting with newer ways of handling their growing piles of garbage.One of these new ways is “recycling (回收使用)”.through recycling usable materials are taken out of garbage and made into something else. These usable parts of garbage are put through the cycle of going from a raw material to a finished product again.In some cities a machine called Hydrapulper is being used to help recycle garbage. A Hydrapulper is like a huge mixing machine. The garbage is dropped onto a conveyor belt (传送带) that feeds the machine. At the same time, water is pumped into the Hydrapulper. With a mixing action, the Hydrapulper throws out the heavy metal objects that can later be sold as waste metal. The rest of the garbage – paper, food, plastic, rubber, glass, wood, leaves, and other items –falls apart. The waste is then mixed with water and carried to another piece of equipment where glass, sand and small pieces of metal are thrown out.With the Hydrapulper, up to 95 percent of the original garbage is made again useful. The rest is turned into furnace ash (炉灰).36. Traditionally, garbage is thought to be .A) a worthless burden to big citiesB) something that can be reusedC) a raw material for making new productsD) able to recycle but difficult to handle37. How does the Hydrapulper work?A) It throws away glass and sand from garbage.B) It collects heavy metal objects for sellingC) It separates garbage into useful and useless things.D) It pumps water into garbage and mixes it.38. A lot of cities are trying new ways to treat garbage mainly because .A) their environment is becoming more and more dirtyB) the traditional ways of treating wastes are not efficientC) they are short of useful materialsD) they need new materials made from garbage39. What is dine to the waste that is useless when the new way is used?A) It is thrown away.B) It is burnt.C) It is turned into some solid objects.D) It is stored underground.40. What is the main purpose of this passage?A) To describe an experiment in which a Hydrapulper is used.B) To introduce Hydrapulper, a new type of garbage disposer.C) To tell what the writer thinks of the recycling of garbage.D) To explain why garbage should be recycled in a new way.Task 2Directions: This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statementsare numbered 41 through 45.Filling in company application forms can become a boring and repetitive (重复的) task. Yet any carelessness on an applicant’s part can draw a negative reaction from readers. Each company or organization usually uses its own specially designed form that, although it generally asks for the same basic information, may vary in detail. Consequently the suggestions below apply mainly to the approach you should take rather than suggest what you should write.l When visiting future employers, always carry your personal data record with you so that you can readily search for details such as dates, telephone numbers, and other useful information.l Treat every application form as though it is the first one you are completing – write carefully and neatly.l Use words that describe the responsibility and different aspects of each job you have held rather than list only the duties you performed.l Particularly describe social activities that show your involvement in the community, or activities in which you held a teaching or coaching role. l Pay particular attention if there is a section on the form that asks you to comment on how your education and past experience have especially prepared you for the position.Think this through very carefully before you write so that what you say shows a natural progression (进展) from past experience to the job you are applying for. If you can, and if they fit naturally, add a few words to demonstrate how the position fits your overall career plan.41. The first sentence of the passage means that .A) you may have to fill in a long application formB) the filling up of an application form takes much timeC) one may have to fill in many application forms before one gets a jobD) application forms should be filled carefully, with no misleading42. Although all application forms demand the same basic information, .A) different companies may have different requirementsB) different companies may take different attitudes toward themC) applicants may be required to answer all the questions in detailD) applicants may have to send in the forms by person43. Which of the following statement is TRUE?A) Your personal data record is more important than the interview itself.B) You should put all your personal data record in the application form.C) Your personal data record will be of much help to your interview.D) You should write your personal data as clearly and neatly as possible.44. When writing about the duties you have been engaged in, you should .A) put down the names of your colleaguesB) describe the nature of the dutiesC) relate them to other major dutiesD) describe what responsible positions you have held45. Which of the following would be the best TITLE of the passage?A) Importance of Application FormsB) How to Fill in an Application FormC) Job and Its ApplicationD) Nature of Application FormsTask 3Directions: the following is an advertisement. After reading it, you are required to complete the outline below it (No.46 through No.50). you should write your answers briefly on the Answer Sheet correspondingly.Break out of the everyday routine and come alive again with a trip to Florida. Whether you’re looking for a quiet escape or an action-packed trip, Florida’s spectacular (壮观的) natural beauty and varied attractions let you create your dream escape. Nature lovers can explore vast lakes, forests and wetlands filled with native birds, fish and wildlifeFlorida is an athlete’s paradise (运动员的乐园) as well, with plenty of opportunities for tennis, golf and water sports lovers to engage in their favorite form of recreation every day of the year, Florida is the nation’s top golf and tennis destination, offering more golf courses than any other state plus over 7,700 tennis facilities. With thousands of crystal clear rivers and lakes, plus over 1,000 miles of beaches on the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf (海湾) of Mexico, Florida is a water sports wonderland. Florida is also home to some of the best attraction in the United States, from technologically advanced parks to historic museums.So relax and return to your senses in Florida!Florida Most attractive to tourists who are 46 and 47 . Its length of beaches on the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico is 48 . A wonderful place for 49 . Offers opportunities for tourists to rest and 50 .Task 4Directions: the following is a list of college courses. After reading it, you are requiredto find those items given in Chinese in the table below. Then you should put the corresponding letters in the brackets on the Answer Sheet, numbered 51 through 55.A -- Business ManagementB -- Marketing ManagementC -- International Business LawD -- management Information SystemsE -- Financial ManagementF -- The Global Environment and International BusinessG -- Managerial Economics and Decision ModelsH -- Operations ManagementI -- Human Resource ManagementJ -- managerial AccountingK -- Economic LawL -- Currency Banking ScienceM -- Practical International TradeN -- Equipment ManagementO -- Western EconomicsExample: (H) 生产管理 (O) 西方经济51．（）跨国企业与全球环境（）人力资源管理52．（）企业管理（）管理信息系统53．（）财务管理（）设备管理54．（）管理会计（）营销管理55．（）国际商法（）管理经济学与决策模式Task 5Directions: there are two BUSINESS LETTERS below here. After reading the lettersyou should give brief answers to the 5 questions (No.60) that follow. The answers should be written after the corresponding numbers on the Answer Sheet.Letter OneJan.25, 2001Dear Mr.. Guan Li,From your advertisements we know that you we know that you are making transformers (变压器) in a variety of types. We are interested in your products. Would you please send us the details of your products? If possible, please send us some pictures of the products.Looking forward to your early reply.Yours sincerely,Louis SmithLetter TwoFeb. 14, 2001Dear Mr. Louis Smith,It’s our pleasure to submit the attached quotation (报价) for your review and consideration. Here enclosed are some pictures of our latest types of transformers. This quotation package consists of the following: Section 1 – Price list for transformersSection 2 – Types of transformersSection 3 – Technical specificationIn the price list you can see we are giving you the lowest prices and offer our best goods. We also think it better to offer you a 5% discount on purchases of more than 10 units.Please advise if you have additional questions.Yours sincerely,Guan Li56. What product are the two letters dealing with?.57. What does Mr. Louis Smith ask for in his letter?And pictures of the goods.58.Apart from a price list of the goods, what else does Mr. Guan Li offer in hisquotation package?Types of the goods and ..59. How many must Mr. Louis Smith buy to get a discount of 5%?of them.60. What are also included in Guan Li’s letter apart from the quotation package?Some .Part IV Translation – English to ChineseDirections: This part numbered 61 through 65 is to test your ability to translateEnglish into Chinese. After each of the sentences numbered 61 to 64, you will read four choices of suggested translation. You should choose thebest translation and mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. And for the paragraph numbered 65, write your translation in the corresponding space on the Answer Sheet.61. School spirit is a quality that begins early and often lasts a lifetime.A) 学习精神是一种很早开始便养成而最后延续到你一生的素质。
2000年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试物理试卷本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题），第I卷1至3页，第II 卷4至11页，共150分，考试时间120分钟。
第I卷（选择题共40分）注意事项：1．答第I卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目、试卷类型（A或B）用铅笔涂写在答题卡上。
2．每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案，不能答在试题卷上。
3．考试结束，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
4．必要时可以使用下列物理量。
真空中光速c＝3.0×108m/s万有引力常量G＝6.7×10-11N·m2/kg2普朗克常量h＝6.6×10-34J·s电子的电量e＝1.6×10-19C地球半径R＝6.4×106m电子的质量m e＝9.1×10-31kg一．本题共10小题；每小题4分，共40分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，有的小题只有一个选项正确，有的小题有多个选项正确。
全部选对的得4分，选不全的得2分，有选错或不答的得0分。
1．最近几年，原子核科学家在超重元素岛的探测方面取得重大进展。
1996年科学家们在研究某两个重离子结合成超重元素的反应时，发现生成的超重元素的核A Z X经过6次α衰变后的产物是253100Fm。
由此，可在判定生成的超重元素的原子序数和质量数分别是（）（A）124，259（B）124，265（C）112，265（D）112，2772．对于一定量的理想气体，下列四个论述中正确的是（）（A）当分子热运动变剧烈时，压强必变大（B）当分子热运动变剧烈时，压强可以不变（C）当分子间的平均距离变大时，压强必变小（D）当分子间的平均距离变大时，压强必变大3．某人造地球卫星因受高空稀薄空气的阻力作用，绕地球运转的轨道会慢慢改变，每次测量中卫星的运动可近似看作圆周运动。
2000重点词汇：handicap（v.阻碍；使不利）←hand+i(n)+cap，据说源自古代一种赌博：将罚金置于帽子里，手进入帽子抽签，抽中者处不利地位。
cultural handicap 文化障碍；language handicap 语言障碍。
unparalleled （无可比拟的）←un+parallel+ed；parallel（n.v.a.平行；相似）即para+llel，para-前缀“在旁边”=beside，llel 三个l看作是“平行线”。
parallel points in the characters of different men 不同人的个性的相同之处。
prosperous （繁荣的）←prosper（v.繁荣）+ous；prosperity （繁荣）←prosper+ity名词后缀。
The problems to be resolved demand, and create, spiritual resources which the prosperous ease of a golden age will never inspire.等待解决的问题需要并且造成了黄金时代的繁荣安逸不可能激发的精神资源。
The prosperity of a people is proportionate to the number of hands and minds usefully employed.国家的繁荣与有效使用的人手和头脑的数量成比例。
If we did not something taste of adversity, prosperity would not be so welcome.如果不偶尔遭遇不幸，幸福就不会如此甜蜜。
prosperity — something the businessmen create for the politicians to take credit for 繁荣——实业家发明出来让政客居功的某种东西。
2000年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷考生注意：1.笔试部分共16页，分第I卷（第21题-第105题）和第II卷。
考试时间为120分钟。
2.笔试部分（第21题-第105题）的答案必须涂在同一张答题纸上，从序号21开始。
每一小题只有一个正确答案，考生应将代表该答案的小方格涂黑。
注意试题题号和答题纸编号一一对应，不能错位。
答案需要更改时，只要将原选项用塑料橡皮擦去，重新选择即可。
答案不能写在试卷上，如写在试卷上一律不给分。
3.本试卷分为第I卷（第1-12页）和第II卷（第13-16页）两部分，全卷共6页。
第II卷（共45分）4.第II卷共两大题，请考生用钢笔或圆珠笔将答案直接写在试卷上。
5.答卷前将密封线内的项目填写清楚。
第I卷（五大题，共135分）一、听力部分（第1——第20题，共30分。
考试时间为30分钟。
）I. Listening ComprehensionPart A Short ConversationsDirections: In Part A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each question, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers in your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. About 60. B. About 50.C. About 30.D. About 25.2. A. Her health. B. The class she missed.C. The coming examination.D. The difficult lessons.3. A. Making an appointment. B. Deciding what to do.C. Checking the time.D. Going to class.4. A. She wants him to stay longer. B. She wishes he had left sooner.C. She knows he must go soon.D. She wants him to go now.5. A. Mother and child. B. Manager and customer.C. Teacher and student.D. Boss and clerk.6. A. Mother and father. B. Teacher and student.C. Two friends.D. Parent and child.7. A. She wonders why they can’t go for a walk.B. Sh e doesn’t want to go for a walk in the park.C. She doesn’t want to go out with the man.D. She thinks it’s a good idea.8. A. In the morning. B. At an early age.C. Half an hour ago.D. At six o’clock.9. A. In a park. B. In a museum.C. In a zoo.D. In a pet store.10. A. Because of the size. B. Because of the colour.C. Because of the material.D.Because of the style.Part B Longer ConversationsDirections: In Part B you will hear two longer conversations. After each conversation you will be asked two questions. The conversations will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 and 12 are based on the following conversation11. A. She can fix the loose connector.B. She’s annoyed by a strange noise.C. She doesn’t like the screen.D. Her computer doesn’t work.12. A. The man is going over to the woman’s place.B. The problem is solved.C. The man doesn’t know what’s wrong with the computer.D. The computer is completely broken.Questions 13 and 14 are based on the following conversation.13. A. A reporter. B. A school teacher.C. A traveler.D. A musician.14. A. To give more concerts. B. TO travel abroad.C. To run a special school.D. To perform more beautifully.Part C PassagesDirections: In Pat C, you will hear two short passages and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 15 through 17 are based on the following passage15. A. She caught a butterfly.B. She set a butterfly free.C. She saw a butterfly flying away.D. She changed a butterfly into a fairy.16. A. Letter her have any wish she would like.B. Letting her go anywhere she would like.C. Making her rich.D. Making her popular in the neighborhood.17. A. How to help others.B. The secret life of a young girl.C. The true meaning of happiness.D. Beauty brings happiness.Questions 18 through 20 are based on the following passage.18. A. Nurse. B. Doctors.C. Patients.D. Visitors.19. A. Having soft drinks.B. Listening to the hospital radio.C. Smoking in certain areas.D. Visiting patients in the morning.20. A. A music programme. B. A medical report.C. Hospital rules.D. A talk show.That’s the end of Listening ComprehensionII. GrammarDirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.21 The news that they failed their driving test discouraged him, ___?A. did theyB. didn't theyC. did itD. didn't it22. They are not very good, but we like___.A. anyway to play basketball with themB. to play basketball with them anywayC. to play with them basketball anywayD. with them to play basketball anyway23. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he ___ your lecture.A. couldn't have attendedB. needn't have attendedC. mustn't have attendedD. shouldn't have attended24. My uncle ___ until he was forty-five.A. marriedB. didn't marriedC. was not marryingD. would marry25. Not a single song ___ at yesterday's party.A. she sangB. sang sheC. did she singD. she did sing26. ___ of the land in that district ___ covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth …isB. Two fifth …areC. Two fifths …isD. Two fifths …are27. ___ she couldn't understand was ___ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A. What …whyB. That …whatC. What …becauseD. Why …that28. Recently I bought an ancient vase, ___ was very reasonable.A. which priceB. the price of whichC. its priceD. the price of those29. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ___.A. who is heB. who he isC. who is itD. who it is30. She found her calculator ___ she lost it.A. whereB. whenC. in whichD. that31. He sent me an e-mail, ___ to get further information.A. hopedB. hopingC. to hope D hope32. I know nothing about the young lady ___ she is from Beijing.A. exceptB. except forC. except thatD. besides33. What he has down is far from ___.A. satisfactoryB. satisfiedC. satisfaction D satisfy34. You're standing too near the camera. Can you move ___?A. a bit farB. a little fartherC. a bit of fartherD. a little far35. Greenland, ___ island in the world, covers over two million square kilometres.A. it is the largestB. that is the largestC. is the largestD. the largest36. If only he ___ quietly as the doctor instructed, he wouldn't suffer so much now.A. liesB. layC. had lainD. shouldn't lie37. In 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A. Being foundedB. It was foundedC. FoundedD. Founding38. An awful accident ___, however, occur the other day.A. doesB. didC. has toD. had to39. The ___ boy was last seen ___ near the East Lake.A. missing …playingB. missing …playC. missed …playedD. missed …to play40. Tony was very unhappy for ___ to the party.A. having not been invitedB. not having invitedC having not invited D. not having been invited41 --- Shall I help you with that suitcase?--- ___.A. It's all right, thanks.B. Yes, go ahead please.C. I don't want to trouble you too much.D. No, please don't do it.42 --- You've given us a wonderful Chinese dinner, Mrs. Wang.--- ____.A. Oh, I'm afraid I didn't cook very well.B. I'm glad you enjoyed itC. Come again when you are free.D. it's not necessary for you to say so43 ---do you mind if I keep pets in this building?---____.A. I'd rather you didn't, actually.B. Of course not, it's not allowed there.C. Great! I love pets.D. No, you can't.44---I don't have any change with me. Will you pay the fare for me?---____.A. That's fineB. Nothing seriousC. Never mindD. No problem45 ---I didn't know this was a one-way street, officer.---____.A. That's all rightB. I don't believe youC. How dare you say thatD. Sorry, but that's no excuseIII. VocabularyDirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.46. The lion is considered the king of the forest as it is a(n)____ of courage and power.A. exampleB. signC. markD. symbol47. We volunteered to collect money to help the ____ of the earthquake.A. victimsB. folksC. fellowsD. villagers48 If you don't take away all your things from the desk, there won't be enough____for my stationery.A. areaB. placeC. roomD. surface49. It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to ____.A. rewardB. prizesC. awardsD. results50. I wrote him a letter to show my____ of his thoughtfulness.A. achievementB. agreementC. attentionD. appreciation51 One of the advantages of living on the top of the floor of a highrise is that you can get a good___.A. sightB. sceneC. viewD. look52. ---Excuse me, may I ask you some questions?---Sorry, I'm too busy and haven't a minute to ____.A. spendB. spareC. shareD. stop53. Although the working mother is very busy, she still____ a lot of time to her children.A. devotesB. spendsC. offersD. provides54. When I opened the door, a parcel on the floor ____my eye.A. metB. caughtC. drewD. attracted55. After the president made an official announcement, she expressed her ____opinion.A. personalB. privateC. singleD. individual56. Alice laid her baby on the sofa____ and wrapped it with a blanket.A. silentlyB. tenderlyC. friendlyD. comfortably57. Fred is second to none in maths in our class, but believe it or not, he ____passed the last exam.A. easilyB. hardlyC. actuallyD. successfully58. Our bodies are strengthened by taking exercises. _____, our minds are developed by learning.A. ProbablyB. LikelyC. SimilarlyD. Generally59. He holds an important position in that company; ______, I don't quite trust him.A. ThusB. FurthermoreC. OtherwiseD. Nevertheless60.If you had _____your test paper carefully before handing it in, you would have made fewermistakes.A. looked upB. thought aboutC. gone overD. gone roundIV. ClozeDirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.(A)Bedtime stories are one of the delights of early childhood. But according to Dr. Julie Spreadbury from Queensland University, parent should not _61__ up reading to their children_62__they enter primary school. She says listening to, reading and discussing the stories help children's_63_. "My_64__ indicates that once children can read themselves, most parent stop reading_65__them," Dr. Spreadbury says."_66__may be at the end of year 1,which is far too_67__."Dr. Spreadbury says _68_reading not only gives children a good start at school. But brings parents and children closer."This makes it _69__for them to open up and talk to parents about things that worrying them, or things they are _70__ in their everyday life."61. A. speed B. keep C. give D. hold62. A. after B. until C. if D. unless63. A. thinking B. comprehension C. relaxation D. development64. A. theory B. research C. story D. decision65. A. about B. from C. to D. through66. A. Some B. Most C. They D. That67. A. difficult B. early C. much D. informal68. A. daily B. healthy C. fast D. bedtime69. A. easier B. funnier C. rarer D. clearer70. A. reading B. promising C. celebrating D. receiving(B)Chinese scientists are again becoming excited about the fact that a large hairy animal may live in central China. Now they hope it won't be too long before they are able to _71_its existence. Their confidence is the _72_of a new discovery of the mystery animal in Hubei Province.Ten Chinese _73__, enjoying a holiday in a National Forest Park, were driving down a road. As their bus turned a corner, the men were suddenly _74_by what they saw. Three_75_animals, covered with long black hair, were crossing the road. On seeing the animal, the engineers immediately stopped and _76_them. _77_, when they saw how the animals moved through the forest with great_78_ and strength, they did not dare to follow any further.The men did not take any _79_. However, scientists are_80_ by the discovery, because the engineers were all very educated people and scientists feel they can _81_What they described.After the discovery, scientists returned to the forest and_82_some hair and measured footprints. About 20 inches appears to be the animal's foot！Chinese scientists have now set up a special group to exchange information and make a_83_of the forest. But in the meantime, some people_84_to believe that this half-man, half-monkey exists. They will not believe that it is _85_until one of the animals have been caught.71. A. prove B. analyze C. protect D. check72. A. basis B. requirement C. result D. preparation73. A. travellers B. engineers C. scientists D. explorers74. A. frightened B. amazed C. upset D. inspired75. A. trained B. projected C. tall D. violent76. A. shot at B. looked at C. fought with D. ran after77. A. However B. Indeed C. Meanwhile D. Anyway78. A. difficult B. speed C. care D. pleasure79. A. bullets B. tools C. medicines D. photographs80. A. surprised B. delighted C. disturbed D. supported81. A. rely on B. deal with C. write down D. pass on82. A. cut B. pulled C. collected D. tore83. A. film B. tour C. choice D. study84. A. come B. refuse C. prefer D. have85. A. wrong B. alive C. real D. correctIV. Reading ComprehensionDirections: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fitsbest according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The famous director of a big and expensive movie planned to film a beautiful sunset over the ocean, so that the audiences could see his hero and heroine in front of it at the end of the film as they said goodbye to each other for ever. He sent camera crew out one evening to film the sunset for him.The next morning he said to the men, "Have you provided me with that sunset? ""No, Sir," the men answered.The director was angry. "Why not? " he asked."Well, Sir, " one of the men answered, "we are on the east coast here, and the sun sets in the west. We can get you a sunrise over the sea, if necessary, but not a sunset.""But I want a sunset!" the director shouted. "Go to the airport, take the next flight to the west coast, and get one. "But then a young secretary had an idea. "Why don't you photograph a sunrise, " she suggested, "and then play it backwards? Then it'll look like a sunset.""That's a very good idea! " the director said. Then he turned to the camera crew and said, "Tomorrow morning I want you to get me a beautiful sunrise over the sea. "The camera crew went out early the next morning and filmed a bright sunrise over the beach in the middle of a beautiful bay（海湾）. Then at nine o'clock they took it to the director. "Here it is, Sir, " they said, and give it to him. He was very pleased.They all went into the studio（摄影棚）. "All right, " the director explained, "now our hero and heroine are going to say goodbye. Run the film backwards so that we can see the 'sunset' behind them. "The "sunset" began, but after a quarter of a minute, the director suddenly put his face in his hands and shouted to the camera crew to stop.The birds in the file were flying backwards, and the waves on the sea were going away from the beach.86.One evening, the director sent his camera crew out____.A. to watch a beautiful sunsetB. to find an actor and an actressC. to film a scene on the seaD. to meet the audience87.Why did the director want to send his crew to the west coast?A. Because he changed his mind about getting a sunsetB. Because he was angry about his crewC. Because it was his secretary's suggestion.D. Because he wanted to get a scene of sunset88.Which of the following is NOT true?A. The crew had to follow the secretary's advice.B. If you want to see a sunrise, the east coast is a place to go.C. The camera crew wasn't able to film the scene the first dayD. The director ordered his crew to stop filming the "sunset"89 The director wanted to film a sunset over the ocean because_____.A. it went well with the separation of the hero and heroineB. when they arrived at the beach it was already in the eveningC. it was more moving than a sunriseD. the ocean looked more beautiful at sunset90.After the "sunset" began, the director suddenly put his face in his hands____.A. because he was moved to tearsB. as he saw everything in the film moving backwardsC. as the sunrise did not look as beautiful as he had imaginedD. because he was disappointed with the performance of the hero and the heroine(B)I came to study in the United States a year ago. Yet I did not know the American society until I was injured in a car accident because after the accident I had to see a doctor-and go to court（法庭）.After the accident, my roommate called a doctor for me. I was very grateful and determined to repay him one day. But the next day, he asked me to pay him $200 for what he had done. I was astonished. He had good reason to charge me, he said. And if I wanted to collect money from the person who was responsible for my injury, I'd have to have a good lawyer. Now that he had helped me to find a good doctor, it was only fair that I should pay him.But every time I went to see the doctor, I had to wait about 50 minutes. He would see two or three patients at the same time, and often stop treating one so as to see another. Yet he charged me $115 each time. The final examination report consisted of ten lines, and it cost me $215.My lawyer was all smiles the first time we met. But after that he avoided seeing me at all. he knew very well the other party was responsible for the accident, yet he hardly did anything. He simply waited to collect his money. He was so irresponsible that I decided to dismiss（解雇）him. And he made me pay him $770.Now I had to act as my own lawyer. Due to my inexperience, I told the insurance the date I was leaving America. Knowing that, they played for time, …and I left without getting a cent.My experiences taught me two things about America: firstly, in a country like America money is everything. It is more important than friendship honour or professional morality（职业道德）. Secondly, foreigners are still being unfairly treated. So when we talk about America, we should see both its good and bad sides.91.The author's roommate offered to help him because_____.A. he felt sorry for the authorB. he thought it was a chance to make some moneyC. he knew the doctor was a very good oneD. he wanted the author to have a good lawyer92. A good doctor is essential for the author to____.A. be properly treatedB. talk with the person responsible for the accidentC. recover before he leaves AmericaD. eventually get the responsible party to pay for his injury93.The word " charge " in the passage means____.A. be responsibleB. accuseC. ask as a priceD. claim94.both the doctor and the lawyer in this passage are very___.A. friendlyB. greedyC. professionalD. busy95.What conclusion can you draw from this story?A. Going to court is something every common in AmericaB. One must be very careful while driving a carC. There are more bad sides in America than good sidesD. Money is more important than other things in the US(C)Laptop（便携式）computers are popular all over the world. People use them on trains and airplanes, in airports and hotels. These laptop connect people to their work place. In the United States today, laptops also connect students to their classrooms.Westlake College in Virginia will start a laptop computer program that allows students to do school work anywhere they want. Within five years, each of the 1,500 students at the college will receive a laptop. The laptops are a part of a $10million computer program at Westlake, a 110-year old college. The students with laptops will also have access to the Internet. In addition, they will be able to use e-mail to "speak" with their tethers, their classmates, and their families. However, the most important part of the laptop program is that students will be able to use computers without going to computer labs. They can work with it at home, in a fast-food restaurant or under the trees-anywhere at all!Because of the many changes in computer technology, laptop use in higher education, such as colleges and universities, is workable. As laptops become more powerful, they become more similar to desktop computers. In addition, the portable computers can connect students to not only Internet, but also libraries and other resources. State higher-education officials are studying how laptops can help students. State Officials also are testing laptop programs at other universities, too. At Westlake College, more than 60 percent of the staff use the computers. The laptops will allow all teachers to use computers in their lessons. As one Westlake teacher said, "Here we are in the middle of Virginia and we're giving students a window on the world. They can see everything and do everything. "96 The main purpose of the laptop program is to give each student a laptop to____.A. use for their schoolworkB. access the InternetC. work at homeD. connect them to libraries97 Why is the word "speak" in the second paragraph in quotation mark?A. They don't really talkB. They use the computer languageC. Laptops have speakersD. None of the above reasons is correct98 Which of the following is true about Westlake College?A. All teachers use computersB. 1,500 students have laptopsC. It is an old college in AmericaD. Students there can do everything99. A window on the world in the last paragraph means that students can____.A. attend lectures on information technologyB. travel around the worldC. get information from around the worldD. have free laptops100. What can we infer（推断）passage?A. The program is successfulB. The program is not workableC. The program is too expensiveD. We don't know the result yet(D)Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for yeas. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness.The first kind of loneliness is temporary（暂时的）. This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation-for example, family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year.The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic（长期的）usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition. Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person's social contacts, e.g. friends, family members, co-workers, etc. we depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents and teachers give us guidance, and our friends share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their popularity.Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons: they are unhappy and unable to socialize and there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness such as heart disease. While temporary and situational loneliness can be normal, healthy part of life, chronic loneliness can be a sad, and sometimes dangerous condition.101.How would you treat temporary loneliness according to the passage?A. Talk to friendsB. Just ignore itC. Go to see a doctorD. Ask your teachers for guidance102."It" in the last sentence of the second paragraph refers to _____.A. temporary lonelinessB. situational lonelinessC. a new placeD sleeplessness103.The topic of the 4th paragraph is that____.A. one problem of loneliness is a person's social contactsB. we depend on various person for different reasonsC. lonely people don't have many social problemsD. lonely people don't have many friends104. Why do psychologists want to help chronically lonely people?A. Chronic loneliness can cause family problemsB. Chronic loneliness can cause serious illnessC. Chronic loneliness can not be overcomeD. A, B and C are all correct105 What is the best title for the passage?A. Three Kinds of LonelinessB. Loneliness and DiseasesC. Loneliness and Social ContactsD. Chronic LonelinessI. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases given in the brackets.1. 让我们利用这次长假去香港旅游。
2000~2001学年《程序设计基础－C》试卷考试时间: 2000年12月31日上午8:30-10:30注: 请将答案写在答卷上一、单项选择题（每小题 2 分，共30 分）1. C 语言程序中可以对程序进行注释，注释部分必须用符号__C___括起来。
A、…{… 和‟}‟B、…[…和‟]‟C、“/*”和”*/”D、“*/”和”/*”2.下列运算符中，优先级最低的是__D___。
A、*B、！=C、+D、=3.若变量已正确定义，表达式(j=3, j++) 的值是__A___ 。
A、3B、4C、5D、04.已知字符…a‟ 的ASCII码为97 ，执行下列语句的输出是__D___。
printf ("%d, %c", ‟b‟, ‟b‟+1 ) ;A、98, bB、语句不合法C、98, 99D、98, c5.表达式strcmp(“box”, “boss”)的值是一个__A____。
A、正数B、负数C、0D、不确定的数6.数组定义为int a[3][2]={1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}，数组元素_B____的值为6。
A、a[3][2]B、a[2][1]C、a[1][2]D、a[2][3]7.要调用数学函数时，在#include命令行中应包含__C___。
A、”stdio.h”B、”string.h”C、”math.h”D、”ctype.h”8.判断i和j至少有一个值为非0的表达式是__B___。
A、i!=0 && j!=0B、i*j!=0C、!(i==0 || j==0)D、i&&j9.若a是基本整型变量，c是单精度实型变量，输入语句__D____是错误的。
A、scanf(”%d,%f”, &a, &c);B、scanf(”d=%d, c=%f”, &a, &c);C、scanf(”%d%f”, &a, &c);D、scanf(”%d%f”, a, c);10.若变量已正确定义并且指针p已经指向某个变量x，则(*p)++相当于__B___。
A、p++B、x++C、*(p++)D、&x++11.若p1、p2都是整型指针，p1已经指向变量x，要使p2也指向x, __A___是正确的。
A、p2=p1;B、p2=**p1;C、p2=&p1;D、p2=*p1;12.下列程序段的输出是__B___。
int c[]={1, 3, 5};int *k=c+1;printf("%d", *++k);A、3B、5C、4D、613.不正确的赋值或赋初值的方式是__C____。
A、char str[]="string"；B、char str[7]={'s', 't', 'r', 'i', 'n', 'g'}；C、char str[10]；str="string"；D、cha r str[7]={'s', 't', 'r', 'i', 'n', 'g', ‟\0‟}；14.对于以下结构定义，++p->str中的++加在__A___。
struct {int len;char *str;} *p;A、指针str上B、指针p上C、str指的内容上D、以上均不是15.对于如下说明，语法和语义都正确的赋值是__C___。
int c, *s, a[]={1, 3, 5};A、c=*s;B、s[0]=a[0];C、s=&a[1];D、c=a;二、填空题（每小题 2 分，共20 分）1.写出下列程序段的输出结果。
float x1, x2;x1=3/2;x2=x1/2;printf("%d, %.1f", (int)x1, x2) ; 1,0.52.表达式(7<<1>>2^2 ) 的值是__1_____。
3.写出下列程序段的输出结果。
#define A 10#define B (A<A+2)-2printf("%d", B*2); -44.写出判断字符变量c是英文字母的表达式c>=‟a‟&&c<=‟z‟|| c>=‟A‟&&c<=‟Z‟。
5.写出下列程序段的输出结果。
int k, x;for (k=0, x=0; k<=9&&x!=10; k++)x+=2;printf ("%d, %d", k, x) ; 5,106.写出下列程序段的输出结果。
printf(“%d, %d”, NULL, EOF); 0, -17.对于以下递归函数f，调用f (3) 的返回值是_____。
f (int n){ return ((n>0) ? 2*f(n-1)+f(n-2) : -1); } -178.写出下列程序段的输出结果。
char str[]="hello\tworld\n";printf("%d, %c\n", sizeof(str), *(str+10)); 13，d9.输入12345#后，写出下列程序的输出结果。
void main(){ char c;for(c=getchar(); getchar()!=‟#‟; c=getchar())putchar(c);} 1310.执行程序find –nx ould text.txt时，*++argv[1]的值是__‟n‟____。
三、程序阅读题（每题5分，共20分）1.若输入3 1 2 3 <回车> , 则以下程序的输出结果是___1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 1, 3, 1, 2,。
#include "stdio.h"void main(){ int i, j, n, a[10];scanf("%d", &n);for (i=0; i<n; i++)scanf("%d",&a[i]);for (i=0; i<n; i++)for (j=0; j<n; j++)printf("%d, ", a[(i+j)%n]);}2.若输入89 76 24 25 9 8 11 16 35 4 <回车> , 则以下程序的输出结果是4, 8, 16, 24, 76,89, 35, 25, 11, 9,#include "stdio.h"#define N 10main(){int x[N], y1[N], y2[N];int i, j, n1, n2, t, p;n1=n2=0;for(i=0;i<N;i++){scanf(“%d”, &x[i]);if(x[i] % 2==0) y1[n1++]=x[i];else y2[n2++]=x[i];}for(i=1; i<n1; i++)for(j=0; j<n1-1; j++)if(y1[j]>y1[j+1]){t=y1[j]; y1[j]=y1[j+1]; y1[j+1]=t;}for(i=0; i<n2-1; i++){p=i;for(j=i+1; j<n2; j++)if(y2[p]<y2[j]) p=j;if(p!=i){t=y2[i]; y2[i]=y2[p]; y2[p]=t;}}for(i=0; i<n1; i++) printf("%d, ", y1[i]);for(i=0; i<n2; i++) printf("%d, ", y2[i]);3.以下程序的输出结果是_2, 4, 6#2, 5, 9#___。
#include <stdio.h>int z;void p(int *x, int y){ ++*x;y--;z=*x+y+z;printf("%d, %d, %d#", *x, y, z);}void main(){ int x=1, y=5, z=9;p(&x, y);printf("%d, %d, %d#", x, y, z);}4.若输入-6+15*3/5=<回车> , 则以下程序的输出结果是_0, -6, 9, 6, 1,______。
#include <stdio.h>void main(){int m=0, sum=0;char c, oldc='+';do {c=getchar();if(c<='9'&&c>='0') m=10*m+c - '0';else {if(oldc=='+') sum += m;else sum -= m;m=0;oldc=c;printf("%d, ", sum);}} while(c!='=');}四、程序填空题（每空 2 分，共20 分）1.下列程序的功能是创建单向链表。
#include <stdio.h>#include <alloc.h>struct link {char name[10];i nt mark;s truct link * next;void insert(char *, int);struct link * head = NULL;main(){char name[10];i nt mark;s truct link * t;w hile ( 1 ) {scanf("%s %d", name, &mark);if ( strcmp(name, "#") == 0 ) break;______(1) insert(name, mark)_______;}for (t=head; ______(2) t!=NULL; t=t->next _______)printf("<%s>: %d\n", t->name, t->mark);}void insert(char * name, int mark){struct link * p;p = ______(3)_ (struct link *)malloc(sizeof(struct link))__ ;strcpy(p->name, name);p->mark = mark;______(4) p->next = NULL _______;if ( head != NULL ) ______(5) p->next = head _______;head = p;}2.prog.c是带命令行参数的程序。
