Unit1 Great scientists
学习目标
重点词汇
conclusion; attend; cure; absorb; blame; link; announce
小词简析
重点短语
put forward; apart from; be strict with；make sense；make+名词
重点句型
1. every time +从句
2. suggest + 从句
3. so... that
知识讲解
重点词汇
conclusion
【原句回放】Draw a conclusion 得出结论
【点拨】conclusion n.结论，结束
I found the conclusion of the TV series was very amazing.
我觉得那个电视剧的结尾很令人惊讶。
No conclusion should be drawn before all the facts are buttoned down.
所有事实弄清楚之前不能得出结论。
注意相关短语：
draw/ reach/ make/ come to/ arrive at a conclusion得出结论
bring sth. to a conclusion 使结束
in conclusion 最后，总之
I’ve come to the conclusion that he’s not the right person for the job.
我断定他不适合做这项工作。
In conclusion, I’d like to say I’ve enjoyed staying here so much.
总之，我想说我在这里过得非常愉快。
【拓展】conclude vt. & vi.使结束；推断出
The doctor concluded that his disease was cancer. 医生断定他的病是癌症。
Let me conclude my speech with a saying: where there is a will, there is a way.
让我用一句谚语结束我的讲演：有志者，事竟成。
expose
【原句回放】But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. 但当他想到要帮助（那些）受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓，他就感到很振奋。
【点拨】expose vt.使暴露，揭露，使面临，使遭受（与介词to连用）
She smiled suddenly, exposing a set of amazingly white teeth.
她突然笑了，露出一口洁白的牙齿。
The little girl did not want to expose her fears to anyone.
小女孩不想把恐惧暴露于任何人。
My job as a journalist is to expose the truth. 我作为新闻记者的工作就是揭露事实。
As a journalist in the war, she was exposed to many dangers.
作为战地记者,她置身于多种危险中。
It’s important to expose students to good art and music.
使学生接触美好的艺术和音乐很重要。
【拓展】exposure n.（与to连用）暴露，揭露；曝光，底片张数，曝光时间
attend
【原句回放】John Snow was a famous doctor in London —so expert，indeed，that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. 约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人医生。
【高清课堂：Unit 1词汇精讲attend/control 24：40-33：23】
【点拨】attend vt.照顾，护理；出席，参加
I’ve voiced my opinion at every meeting I’ve attended.
在我参加的每一个会议上我都发表我的观点。
Born in India, he attended high school in Madras.
他出生在印度，在马德拉斯上了中学。
She is attended by a 24-hour nursing staff. 她24小时被护士照顾。
区分：attend，take part in, join, join in
1）attend出席，参加（会议、课程～class、婚礼、葬礼～funeral等），着重指出席。
2）take part in 和join in指参加活动，如take part in a discussion/after-class activity。
3）join 可以表示“加入”一群人中，如join us。
We are going to the movies. Are you willing to join us?
我们要去看电影，你愿意加入我们吗？
4）join还可以表示“加入”某组织、团体。如：
join a club =become a club member 加入一个俱乐部，成为一个俱乐部的成员
【拓展】n. attendance 出席(情况)，考勤
So every class, I am going to check your attendance.
每节课我都要检查你们的出勤情况。
control
【原句回放】He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found. 他意识到只有找到病因，霍乱才能被控制。
【点拨】control vt. & n.控制，统治，克制，管理
1）control 作名词时要注意其词组
When we took control of the company, it was losing money. （take control of 掌控）
我们接管公司时，公司是赔本的。
The driver lost control of the vehicle on an icy road. (lose control of 失去控制)
在一段冰面上，司机无法控制汽车了。
The island is now under French control.（under the control of 在......的控制之中）
这个岛屿现在受法国人控制。
Decisions on financial matters are beyond my control.
财政方面问题的决定我无法控制。（beyond/ out of control无法控制）
2）control作动词
New teachers often find it difficult to control their classes.
新老师经常发现很难控制班级。
We must do more to control the spread of the virus.
我们必须采取措施控制病毒的蔓延。
Carol struggled to control her anger. 卡罗尔努力控制住愤怒。■
cure
【原句回放】Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. 人们既不了解它的病因，也不了解它的治疗方法。
【点拨】cure vt. & n. 治愈，治疗；疗法。
常用结构：cure sb. of ... 治好了某人的......
cure (n.) for... 治疗......的方法
Will you be able to cure me of my headache, Doctor？医生，你能治好我的头痛吗？
TB is a serious illness, but it can be cured. 结核病是严重的病，但是可以治愈。
Is there a certain cure for cancer yet? 迄今为止有没有癌症的治疗方法?
【拓展】cure, treat
cure 强调结果，即“治愈”，而treat表示“治疗”，强调过程，不涉及结果。
absorb
【原句回放】The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. 第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。
【点拨】absorb vt.吸收，吸引；使专心
Plants can absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen.
植物可以吸收二氧化碳释放氧气。
Things in colour can often absorb children’s attention easily.
颜色丰富的东西总能轻易地吸引孩子们的注意力。
【拓展】be absorbed in 全神贯注于……
The writer was absorbed in his writing that he forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar.
那位作家全神贯注于写作，都忘了弹烟灰了。
I was absorbed in a book and didn’t hear your call. 我专心看书，没有听见你叫我。
blame
【原句回放】It seemed that the water was to blame. 看来水是罪魁祸首。
【点拨】blame vt. 责备，谴责；n.过失；责备
常用结构：
be to blame (for sth.) 对（坏事）负有责任，应受责备
blame sb. for sth. 因某事而责备某人
blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎到某人身上
Which driver was to blame for the accident? 哪位司机是事故的肇事者？
You cannot blame anyone for your failure of your marriage.
你婚姻失败不能责备任何人。
Many children are afraid of being blamed for making mistakes in speaking English.
许多孩子害怕讲英语时犯错误受责备。
The driver blamed the accident on the cyclist. 司机把车祸归咎于骑脚踏车的人。
【拓展】blame n. 过失；责备
Why do I always get the blame for everything? 为什么每件事都怪我？
The company is ready to bear/take the blame for what has happened.
这家公司愿意为发生的事承担责任。
link
【原句回放】In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. 在伦敦的另一个地区，他从两个与宽街爆发的霍乱有关联的死亡病例中又发现了有力证据。
【点拨】link vt. & n. 连接，联系
常用结构：link A to/ with B 把A与B联系/连接起来
Scientists now link the cancer to the amount of junk food that people consume.
科学家们现在把这种癌症与人们吃的垃圾食物的量联系起来。
Researchers have detected a link between smoking and heart disease.
研究者已经发现了吸烟和心脏病之间的联系。
【拓展】join ... to...和connect ... with/ to也有“把......与......连接起来”之意。
announce
【原句回放】With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.有了这个额外的证据，约翰·斯诺就能够肯定地宣布被污染的水携带着病毒。
【点拨】announce vt. & vi. 宣布，通告，通知。其宾语可以是宣布的事，但不接双宾语。
常用于announce sth. to sb.
The captain announced that the plane was going to land. 机长宣布飞机要着陆了。
The government yesterday announced to the media plans to create a million new jobs. 政府部门昨天向媒体宣布创造一百万个新的工作机会的计划。
【拓展】announcement n. 通知，宣告；通告
announcer 播音员
小词简析
1. contribute vi. & vt . ---contribution n.
contribute捐献，贡献，捐助，起促进作用。常与介词to连用。
Most people contributed some money to/towards the new church.
大多数人都为新教堂捐献了一些钱。
A proper amount of exercise contributes to good health. 适度的运动有益健康。
2. handle vt.处理，操纵；n. 柄，把手
She handled a difficult argument skillfully. 她巧妙地应付了一场艰难的辩论。
3. pollute vt. ---pollution n. 污染，弄脏
The water from the factory polluted the river. 这家工厂排出的水污染了这条河。
4. analyse vt. --- analysis n.分析
The coach tried to analyse the cause of our defeat. 教练努力设法分析我们失败的原因。
5. reject vt.拒绝，不接受，抛弃
He rejected their invitation point-blank. 他直截了当地拒绝了他们的邀请。
6. instruct vt. 指导，命令，通知
注意：instruct sb. to do sth. 指导或命令某人做某事
I’ve been instructed to wait here until the lecturer arrives.
我接到命令在这里一直等到讲课的人到了。
7. positive adj.积极的，肯定的，确定的----negative 消极的，否定的
I am positive that I gave you his address. 我肯定把他的地址给你了。
8. defeat vt. & n.打败
They were defeated in the football match. 他们在足球赛中输了。
重点短语
put forward
【原句回放】Who put forward a theory about black holes? 谁提出了黑洞理论？
【点拨】put forward vt. 提出；推荐，提名；提前、把（表等）往前拨
He rejected all the proposals put forward by the committee.
他拒绝了委员会提出的所有提议。
Your name was put forward as a possible team leader.
你被提名为队长候选人了。
My watch was slow so I put it forward ten minutes.
我的手表慢了，我往前拨了十分钟。
【拓展】含put的短语:
put off 延期；推迟
put out 熄灭；扑灭
put away 收拾；整理；储存（钱）；储存……备用
put aside 节省（钱、时间）；储蓄
put up with 忍受；忍耐
put up 建造；张贴
put on 穿上；演出
put together汇总
apart from
【原句回放】Apart from the construction mentioned above, you have also learned the follow phrases. 除了上面提到的结构，你们还学过以下的一些短语。
【点拨】apart from 除……之外；另外
apart from根据上下文的不同，既可以用作besides，in addition to；也可以用作except或except for。
I hardly know anyone in the village apart from William. (except)
除了威廉外，我几乎不认识村里的任何人。
Apart from a few faults，he is a perfect teacher．(except for)
除了少许缺点之外，他是个很好的老师。
Apart from the injuries to his face and hands, he broke both legs. (besides)
除了脸部和双手受伤外，他两条腿也断了。
【拓展】相关短语：
1）in addition to除……之外，还......，与besides同义。
In addition to the twins, Jason has another child. 除了双胞胎外，詹森还有个孩子。
注意：in addition 意为“另外”，一般用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。
People gain valuable work experience and, in addition, employers can afford to employ them.
人们获得极有用的经验，而且雇主们也能够雇佣他们。
2）besides 表示一种累加关系，指“除了什么之外，还有……”，但是，在否定句中，besides 也表示“除……”，与but, except 同义；
3）except/ but表示一种排除关系，意指“除了什么之外，不再有……
4）except for 除……之外，指所排除的部分是前面所述对象的细节，与所述部分不是一类事物。
be strict with
【原句回放】strict with
【点拨】be strict with sb. 对某人要求严格
The teacher is strict with us in everything. 老师对我们事事严格要求。
The Smiths are very strict with their children. 史密斯夫妇对子女很严格。
【拓展】be strict in/ about sth. 对某事严格
【高清课堂：Unit 1词汇精讲lead to/make sense 18：58-22：55】
lead to
【原句回放】Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion... 虽然他曾经试着不去理睬那些数字，然而他所有的数学计算都得出同样的结论......【点拨】lead to 导致，引起，通向（注意to是介词）。
注意：1. lead的过去式、过去分词是led，led。（lead, led, led -----ABB型）
2. lead sb. to some place 领某人到某地。
3. lead to+结果（积极的positive或消极的negative皆可）
He led his teacher to a secret cave. 他带着老师来到了这个秘密山洞。
There is no doubt that stress can lead to physical illness.
毫无疑问，紧张的压力会导致身体上的疾病。
Hard work will lead to success. 努力工作就能够取得成功。
【拓展】to是介词的短语：
devote oneself to 献身；致力于
be used to 习惯于
look forward to 盼望，期待
stick to 坚持
pay attention to 注意
注意：这些短语中to是介词，其后要接动词的-ing形式。
make sense
【原句回放】Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. 只有当你把太阳放在那里，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。
【点拨】make sense 说得通，有道理，有意义（sense 感觉，感官，make sense 相当于be reasonable，can be understandable）
1. It makes good sense to continue with the reforms. 继续进行改革是非常有道理的。
2. What you say doesn’t make sense.你说的话没有道理。
3. —Why are you late for school again? 你今天怎么又迟到了？
—I’m sorry, but I didn’t mean to do that. I met some aliens and they just got me to the moon, studied me, but found nothing special with others, and then they set me free.
对不起，我不是故意的。我遇到了外星人，他们把我掠到月球上，检查了我，发现我没有什么特殊的，把我放回来了。
—Well, it doesn’t make sense. Can you make up a better excuse?
你的话说不通，你能不能编个更好的理由呀？
【拓展】common sense 常识，人之常情■
make no sense讲不通；无意义
make+名词
【原句回放】Look at these simple verbs and make another construction using make + a + noun. 看看这些简单的动词，用“make + a + noun”构成另一个结构。
【点拨】make + a + noun
英语中常用“make + a/ an + n.”结构代替一个简单的动词。
make a telephone call = to telephone 打电话
make a conclusion = to conclude 得出结论
make a decision = to decide 做出决定
make an achievement = to achieve 做出成就
make a contribution = to contribute对……做出贡献
make a description = to describe 描写
make a suggestion = to suggest建议
make a plan = to plan 做计划
make a speech = to speak 发表演说
make a change =to change 变化
make an investigation =to investigate 做出调查
make a noise = to be noisy 喧闹
下面这些短语不符合这个结构：
make a face 做鬼脸make one’s way to 前行make up one’s mind 下决心
make friends 交朋友make dinner 做晚餐make the bed 铺床
make money 挣钱make sure 确认make room for 为.....让出空位
重点句型
every time +从句
【原句回放】So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. 所以每次爆发时有大批惊恐的人们死去。
【点拨】every time作连词用，引导时间状语从句，意思是“每次”。类似用法的短语还有each (any, next, the first, the last) time。
Every time I meet him, I always think of the things that happened between us.
每次见到他，我总想起我们之间发生的事情。
We became friends the first time we met in Washington.
我们第一次在华盛顿遇到就成了好朋友。
suggest + 从句
【原句回放】
1) The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.
第二种看法是人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。
2) To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. 为了防止这种情况再度发生，约翰·斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。
【点拨】suggest接宾语从句时，有两种含义：
1）suggest意为“表明，暗示”。此时后接的宾语从句的谓语动词不能用虚拟语气，而要用一般的陈述语气。如原句1)。再如：
His accent suggested that he was from Beijing. 他的口音表明他是北京人。
The girl’s pale face suggested that she was seriously ill.
女孩儿苍白的颜色表明她病得很重。
2）suggest意为“建议、提议”。此时后接的宾语从句或主语从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略。
He suggested that the work (should) be started at once. 他建议马上动工。
It is suggested that he (should) go there at once.据建议，他应该立即去那里。
【拓展1】suggest的名词suggestion作“建议、提议”讲时，所接的表语从句和同位语从句也用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略。
My suggestion is that he (should) go at once. 我的建议是他立即去那里。
His suggestion that the boy (should) go there alone seemed strange.
他提出的男孩儿单独去那里的建议似乎很奇怪。
【拓展2】用法类似的其他动词：
动词advise，decide，insist, demand, desire, require, request, command, order, recommend, ask, urge 等后面的宾语从句，谓语动词一般也用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”，其中should可省。而其名词对应的名词性从句也有此用法。
The commander ordered that the bridge (should) be blown up. 司令命令把桥炸掉。
English teachers give advice that we (should) make good use of every chance to speak English. 英语老师们建议我们充分利用每个机会说英语。
so... that和such ...that
【原句回放】In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. 有两条街霍乱如此严重，以至于10天内500多人死亡。
【点拨】so ... that 如此......以至于。与such...that用法相似。
归纳：
such + adj. +n. (复数/不可数名词)
such+ a/an + adj. +n.
so +adj./ adv. +that...
so + adj. + a/an + n.
so + many/ much/ little/ few + n.
记忆小口诀：
so形副，such名，
“多少”加名so就行，
so形a名也说得通。
如：
1）She was so angry that she burst out crying. （so修饰形容词或副词--- so形副）
她如此生气，以致大哭起来。
2）He was such an impatient driver that he went through the red light.
他如此地不耐烦，以致闯了红灯。（such修饰中心词是名词的短语--- such名）
3）There was so much noise outside that we could hardly hear the teacher.
外面噪音很大，以致我们听不到老师的话。
（名词由表示数量的many、much、little、few修饰时，用so修饰。---“多少”
加名so就行）
4）He was so impatient a driver that he went through the red light.
他如此地不耐烦，以致闯了红灯。（such+ a/an+形容词+名词=so+形容词+a/an+
名词--- so形a名也说得通）
巩固练习
一、单词填空
根据汉语提示用本课单词的正确形式完成句子。
1. It’s _________ (特征) of her that she never complained.
2. The baby is well ________ (护理、照顾) in the nursery in the hospital.
3. My neighbour often gives us _________ (有价值的) advice on what to do with my garden.
4. The earth is only one of the numerous planets in the _________ (宇宙) where life has been found by far.
5. I’m sorry, but I am not able to help you with your __________ (询问).
6. It’s necessary for young people to learn to _______ (处理) stress.
7. After two days, she become _________（熟练的）at holding her breath under water.
8. Our men were heavily _________(击败) in the battle.
9. The police have taken the two _________ (嫌疑犯) to the police station.
10. The water for the village came from the river ________ (污染) by the dirty water from London.
二、选词填空
从下面方框中选出适当的短语或单词并用其正确形式填空。
2. From the story, we can _________ that success doesn’t come easily.
3. Why don’t you _________ a plan for the committee to consider?
4. Customer satisfaction is closely _________ the quality of products.
5. When we arrived there that afternoon, we found nothing _________ some rocks.
6. No matter how you read it, the sentence doesn’t _________.
7. Parents should _________ their children so that they can learn self-control.
8. In the two streets, 500 people _________ cholera in ten days.
9. We are ready to _________ and we’re sure to beat the best team in our country.
10. It was generous of her to ________ such a large sum to the poor families.
三、根据提示完成句子。
1. Parents should try to ________________ (改掉孩子的坏习惯).
2. As we all know, the scientist _______________________(已经做出了重大贡献) to the world.
3. The company is ____________________ (处于控制中) the youngest son of that rich man.
4. The water company ________________(接到指令) not to expose people to polluted water.
5. It is suggested that he _______________ (参加) the club activities.
四、单项选择
1. I feel it is your husband who _______ for the spoiled child.
A. is to blame
B. is going to blame
C. is to be blamed
D. should blame
2. The famous actor personally _______ $500 million to the quake-hit areas.
A. controlled
B. conducted
C. contributed
D. constructed
3. It was the serious water pollution that _______ the death of the thousands of fishes.
A. came about
B. resulted from
C. led to
D. made up
4. The doctor told him not to leave his wound _______.
A. exposed
B. to expose
C. to be exposed
D. exposing
5. I have read the material several times but it doesn’t make any ______ to me.
A. meaning
B. importance
C. sense
D. significance
6. Most people didn’t accept the theory when it was first__________.
A．set about B．set off C．put forward D．put out
7. —Your son is naughty.
—Eh, and in addition, he has got into some bad habits. I think I should ________.
A. cure them of him
B. cure him of them
C. cure them off him
D. cure him off them
8. __________you talk to someone or write a message，you show your skills to others.
A．At times B．Some time C．Every time D．The time
9. When I opened the door, I found my father sitting in his chair, completely ______ in a book he was reading.
A. absorbed
B. losing
C. attracted
D. addicted
10. —The lights were left on all night long.
—Oh. It seems that Tom is ______. Only he stayed in the classroom when I left yesterday evening.
A. blaming
B. blamed
C. to blame
D. to be blamed
11. The discovery of new evidence led to _________.
A. the thief having caught
B. catch the thief
C. the thief being caught
D. the thief to be caught
12. My mother is a ________ motorist; she never does any dangerous driving.
A. casual
B. conscious
C. cautious
D. careless
13. _______ new cure for this disease that medical experts have recently developed proves to be _______ most effective, though it cannot completely kill all the viruses.
A. A; a
B. The; /
C. /; the
D. A; the
14. The Americans _______ the British at Yorktown，Virginia in 1781．
A. won
B. beat
C. defeated
D. succeeded
15. He _______ the food and found that it contained poison.
A. blamed
B. analyzed
C. suspected
D. absorbed
16. ____ some spelling mistakes, he still has some grammatical mistakes in the essay.
A. Beside
B. Except
C. In addition to
D. Except for
17. With two children _____ middle school in the nearby town now, the parents are working hard.
A. to attend
B. attending
C. attended
D. having attended
18. A suitable answer has already been ______ by the chairman.
A. put off
B. put up
C. put forward
D. put away
19. In given conditions, a bad thing can _____ good results.
A. result from
B. lead to
C. devote to
D. lie in
20. A ______ disease currently affects dolphins.
A. specially
B. particularly
C. deadly
D. strangely
21. _____ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.
A. Exposed
B. Having exposed
C. Being exposed
D. After being exposed
22. —I was surprised to see wild flowers in Alaska.
—Many people think there is nothing there _______ ice and snow.
A．except for B．rather than C．apart from D．regardless of
23. He came to my class every week, but his attitude _____ he was not really interested in
the subject.
A. expressed
B. described
C. explained
D. suggested
24. The teacher ________ to all of us that our team had won the football match.
A. told
B. spoke
C. replied
D. announced
25. Don’t stop _______ you meet with a word you don’t understand.
A．at the time B．each time C．by the time D．sometimes
答案解析：
一、单词填空
1. characteristic
2. attended
3. valuable
4. universe
5. enquiry
6. handle
7. expert
8. defeated
9. suspects 10. polluted
二、选词填空
1. was absorbed in
2. draw a conclusion
3. put forward
4. linked to
5. apart from
6. make sense
7. be strict with
8. died of
9. challenge 10. contribute
三、根据提示完成句子
1. cure their children of bad habits
2. has made great contributions
3. under the control of
4. was instructed
5. （should）join in
四、单项选择
1. A。be to blame 该受到责备，主动表被动含义。
2. C。contribute捐献；control 控制；conduct 引导，传导；construct 修建。
3. C。lead to导致；result from由......产生；come about 发生；make up 弥补，编造。这是个强调句，句意：是严重的水污染导致了这几千条鱼的死亡。
4. A。leave sth exposed 使某物处于被暴露的状态。exposed是过去分词作宾语补足语，与宾语是被动关系。
5. C。make sense 表示“有意义，讲得通”。
6. C。set about 着手；set off 出发；put forward 提出；put out 扑灭。
7. B。cure sb. of sth. 治好某人的......，此句中引申为“纠正某人的......”。
8. C。句意：每次你同别人谈话或写信息时，你就把你的技巧呈现给别人了。every time “每当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句；其他三项都不能引导时间状语从句，故可排除。
9. A。be absorbed in 全神贯注于，专心于，也可以用be lost in，此处去掉be，用过去分词作状语，表示状态；attract表示“被......吸引”多用“be attracted by”；be addicted to表示“痴迷，上瘾”。
10. C。sb. is to blame意为“某人该受责备，是某人的过错”。
11. C。lead to中的to是介词，要接动词的-ing形式；thief与catch之间是被动关系，所以用-ing 形式的被动态与the thief一起作宾语。
12. C。casual 漫不经心地；conscious 意识到的，自觉的；cautious 小心的，谨慎的。
13. B。cure后有定语修饰，是特指，第一空选the；most+形容词前面如果不加定冠词，most意为“非常”。句意：医学专家最近开发出来的治疗这种病的新疗法证明是很有效的，虽然不能完全杀死所有的病毒。
14. C。win表示“战胜，赢得”，宾语通常是比赛、战争、奖品或尊重、崇拜之类的词；defeat 和beat都表示在战斗或竞赛中“战胜、打败”对手，后接竞争对手，defeat尤指在战场上打败敌人；beat是游戏、比赛的专门用词；succeed意为“成功”，是不及物动词，接宾语时常加in。
15. B。句意：他对这种食物做了分析，发现有毒。analyse 分析，分解；blame 责备；suspect 怀疑；absorb 吸收。
16. C。in addition to相当于“besides”，意思为“除了.......外，还”，符合题意。except for 表示整体中否定其中一点细节，不合题意；A项beside意为“在......旁边”，排除；except表示“除......之外”，排除。
17. B。with的复合结构中宾语two children与动词attend是主动关系，所以用-ing形式作宾语补足语。
18. C。put forward 提出；put off 推迟；put up 举手，搭起；put away 放好，储存。句意：主席已经提出了合适的答案。
19. B。lead to 导致，通向；result from 由......引起的；devote to 贡献，致力于；lie in 在于。
20. C。deadly 是形容词，用来修饰名词“disease”，表示“可怕的”；其他都是副词，不能修饰名词。
21. C。该句缺主语，只能用动词-ing形式才能作主语；“人的皮肤”是被暴露在阳光下的，所以-ing形式的被动式。
22. C。rather than 而不；regardless of 不管，不顾；except for 除……外，但表示从整体中去除某个小细节。apart from 除……之外，符合题意。
23. D。注意从句的谓语没有用虚拟语气，suggest 表示“暗示，表明”的意思。express 表达；describe 描写；explain 解释。
24. D。announce to sb. sth. 向某人宣布某事。tell后可接双宾语，结构是“tell sb. sth.”或“tell sth. to sb.”；而speak后不能带所说的话；reply to后一般接sth.，表示“对某事做出反应或回答”。
25. B。选项中只有each time和by the time可以引导时间状语从句，by the time意为“到......为止”，不合题意。
过去分词作表语和定语
概念引入
今天我们要学习过去分词作表语和定语的用法。先看下面这些句子：
1. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. (inspired过去分词作表语；exposed过去分词作定语)
2. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
(terrified过去分词作定语)
3. He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. (interested 过去分词作表语)
4. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died. (affected过去分词作定语)
5. He was determined to find out why. （determined过去分词作表语）
6. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.
(polluted过去分词作定语)
上面句子中的黑体词都是过去分词，句1（inspired）、句3、句5中的三个词跟在系动词became、was后作表语；而句1（exposed）、句2、句4、句6中的四个词放在名词前或后修饰名词，作定语。那么过去分词是什么？有什么作用？我们将在本单元和下两个单元中与同学们一起学习。
语法讲解
英语中动词如果不作谓语时叫非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为：不定式（to do）、动词-ing形式（doing）和过去分词（done）。
动词-ing形式可分为现在分词和动名词：现在分词强调动作，如a sleeping boy中的sleeping强调“睡觉”这一动作，而且此动作正在进行，与所修饰词boy有逻辑上的主谓关系（即sleeping 的动作是boy做的），因此是现在分词作定语；而a sleeping bag中的sleeping强调功能，表示“用来睡觉的”，是动名词作定语。
过去分词多表示动作的被动和完成，但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作，而不表示“被动”意义。
本单元主要学习过去分词作表语和定语。
过去分词的作用：
1. 与助动词一起构成谓语：
1）过去分词与have/ has/ had一起构成完成时，如：
Have you ever been to abroad before? 你以前出过国吗？(现在完成时)
The roads were full of people. We hadn’t thought of that. （过去完成时）
路上到处都是人。我们之前没有想到这一点。
2）过去分词与be动词一起构成被动语态。
Will the goods be delivered to us on time? 这些货物能按时交付给我们吗？
These books are not intended for children. 这些书不是为孩子们设计的。
2. 非谓语动词用法
作为非谓语动词在句子中作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。
1）作表语：
I am awfully worried, because Daddy is ill.我很着急，因为爸爸病了。
2）作定语：
She had a worried look on her face. 她满面愁容。
3）作宾语补足语：
She wanted the work finished by Friday. 她要求这工作星期五前完成。
4）作状语：
They came in, followed by their wives. 他们走了进来，妻子们跟随在后。
Convinced that they were trying to poison her, she refused to eat anything.
她认为他们想毒害她，便拒绝吃任何东西。
过去分词作定语
1. 过去分词作定语的位置
单个过去分词作定语时，多放在被修饰词前，而分词短语多放在被修饰词后。
Martin’s confused sorrows turned to optimism. 马丁烦乱的悲哀情绪转而变成了乐观情绪。The play put on by the teachers was a big success. 老师们表演的戏很成功。
注意：有些单个的过去分词，习惯上要放在被修饰词后面；过去分词如果修饰代词时，也多放在被修饰词后。
There is little time left. Let’s hurry up. 剩下的时间不多了，我们赶快吧。
He is one of those invited. 他是被邀请的人之一。
2. 过去分词作定语时的意义：
首先我们研究一下这些例句：
【高清课堂：Unit 1语法精讲作定语12：16-20：38】
1）She had a worried look on her face. 她脸上有担心的表情。
2）The frightened horse ran away from the fire. 恐惧的马逃离了大火。
3）She had confused feelings about him. 她对他的感觉有点迷惑。
4）He wore an embarrassed expression. 他一副尴尬的表情。
句1）中worried修饰“look（表情）”。也许你还记得老师说过：物时要用-ing形式，人就用-ed 形式，初中时老师会这样讲，如：
I’m interested in the book.
The book is interesting.
但是在高中，我们就要思考、分析一下，因为有时事物也会用-ed，而人也可能用-ing。注意句1），凡是“表情（look/ expression）”一定都是“由里向外”发出的，如：
我高兴------pleased look
我满意------ satisfied look
我担忧------worried look
也就是说，自己由里而外的感觉要用-ed的形式。
什么时候人可能用-ing形式呢？如：
看到一个可爱的男孩儿跑过来了，我们可以说：The boy is interesting. 再如：
She is frightened. -----表示“She”胆子小，很害怕，是内部的感觉；但是如果“She”长得像个妖怪呢？就该是“She is frightening.”了，指的是horrible（吓人的）。
所以-ing形式是“给别人的感觉”，而-ed是内在的感觉。这是常考的易错点。
句2）中the frightened horse指受到惊吓的马，是马内在的感受；不指马长得难看。同样，句3）中confused feelings也是指内在的感受；句4）中an embarrassed expression是由于内心的尴尬而发出的表情。
再看下面的短语中的过去分词：
the unemployed (未受雇佣的) workers ---- “工人”是“未被雇佣的”
the scheduled (依时刻表运行的) train ---- “火车”是被定了时间表的
the advertised (广告中的) product ----“商品”是被做了广告
the buried (掩埋的) treasure ---- 被埋的珍宝（bury）
the injured (受伤的) passenger ---- injure sb./oneself 使某人/自己受伤，乘客“被使受伤”的，此处更强调“完成”
fallen leaves ---- fall是不及物动词，fallen此处只表示“完成”■
小结：
1）及物动词的过去分词作定语时，被修饰词经常是过去分词动作的承受者，即逻辑上的动宾关系，此时过去分词表示被动，有时还表示动作的完成。此时过去分词与其附属成分（宾语或状语等）相当于定语从句。
He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London（=which had been polluted by the dirty water from London）.
他发现水是从被伦敦排出的脏水污染了的河里来的。（表示被动和完成）
It’s said that an honoured guest will be here in half an hour. （只表示被动）
据说半小时后有位受尊敬的客人就到了。
2）不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表示动作已经完成。
vanished jewels消失了的珠宝 a retired teacher 一位退休教师
3. 现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别：
1）语态上的不同
注意被修饰词与分词动作的关系：
现在分词表示主动，即现在分词动作是被修饰词做的。
过去分词表示被动，即被修饰词是过去分词动作的承受者。
对比：
spoken English 英语口语（英语是被说的）
an English-speaking country 一个说英语的国家（国家的人说英语----主动）
再如：
a simply-furnished room 装修简单的房间（房间被装修）
a fast developing country 快速发展的国家（国家发展----主动）
2）时间关系上的不同
现在分词表示正在进行的动作，而过去分词多表示已经完成的动作。
the changing world 正在发生变化的世界
the changed world 已经变化了的世界
再如：
the house being built正在建造的房子
the house built in 2010 2010年建造的房子
过去分词作表语
1. 过去分词放在系动词be, get, feel, remain, seem, become等后作表语, 多为及物动词变化而来的，有被动意味，表示主语所处的状态。
He became annoyed with the students. 他非常生学生的气。
Are you married or single? 你是已婚还是单身？
He seems well qualified for the job. 他好像非常胜任这个工作。
2. 少数不及物动词的过去分词也可以作表语，只有完成的意思，也说明主语所处的状态。Gone are the days（=The days are gone）when my heart was young and gay.
我的心又年轻又愉快的日子一去不复返了。
The sun is set. Let’s go home. 太阳落山了，我们回家吧。
3. 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：
过去分词作表语表示状态，而被动语态表示被动的动作。
The cup is broken. 那个茶杯打碎了。（指茶杯现在的状态，系表结构）
The cup was broken by Tom when he took it to the living room.（指过去动作，被动语态）
那个是汤姆打碎的，当时他正把它拿到客厅去。
4. 与感觉有关的动词的现在分词和过去分词的区别：
在过去分词作定语部分我们已经涉及到这些词的用法了，下面是从动词角度去理解的方法。
这些与感觉有关的及物动词的意思都是“使（某人）......”，其现在分词表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”；过去分词表示被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，指人“内在的感觉”。如：
interest 意思是“使（某人）感兴趣”；
interesting 意思为“令人感兴趣的，有趣的”，表示事物的性质；
interested 表示“感兴趣的”，表示人内心的感觉。
区别：
His novels will interest everyone who reads them. (interest 动词，使......感兴趣)
他的小说会使每位读者感兴趣。
His novels are interesting. (interesting 现在分词，有主动意义，指主语的性质)
他的小说很有趣。
Everyone will be interested in his novels. (interested 过去分词，有被动意义，指人的感觉)
每个人都会对他的小说感兴趣。
再如：
1.The result of the test was rather ________. （disappoint）
2.He was very ________ at the result of the test. （disappoint）
3.His look was _______and the children felt ________. （frighten）
解析：
1. disappointing。用现在分词表示事物的特点。句意：测试的结果很令人失望。
2. disappointed。用过去分词表示主语内心的感觉。句意：他对考试的结果很失望。
3. frightening；frightened。第一空说明“他的表情”的特点是“令人/让别人恐惧的”，用现在分词；第二空表示“孩子”的内心感觉，用过去分词。句意：他的面貌很吓人，孩子们都很害怕。
对比并记忆下列词语：
动词（使某人......）现在分词（令人......）过去分词（感到......）
move 使感动moving 令人感动的moved 受感动的
amuse 使发笑amusing 有趣的，逗人发笑的amused 被逗笑的
astonish 使吃惊astonishing 令人吃惊的astonished 感到吃惊的
excite 使激动exciting激动人心的excited 感到激动的
bore 使烦恼boring无趣的，单调乏味的bored 感到无聊的
amaze 使大为吃惊amazing 令人惊异的amazed 感到惊奇的
satisfy 使满意，使满足satisfying 令人满意（足）的satisfied 感到满意的
又如：
动词-ing形式：
encouraging令人鼓舞的inspiring 鼓舞人的moving 感人的
surprising令人吃惊的puzzling 令人困惑的promising 有希望的
过去分词：
discouraged 气馁的frightened 恐惧的pleased 感到高兴的
tired感到疲倦的worried感到担心的shocked 感到震惊的delighted 感到高兴的hurt受伤的inspired 感到受鼓舞的
worn out 筋疲力尽的
巩固练习
Ⅰ. 用动词的正确形式填空：
1.Seeing th e _______ (frighten) snake, the _______ (frighten) girl held her father’s arm tightly.
2. A theory ________ (put) forward by Einstein is well known to all.
3.What’s the language _______（speak）in that country?
4.We must keep a secret of the things ________ (discuss) here.
5. A woman, _______ (dress) in a beautiful blouse came in and sat in the first row.
6.Your mother was _______ (annoy) at your saying that.
7.The house ________ (stand) at the corner of the street was built at the beginning of last century.
8.—Can those ________ (seat) at the back of the classroom hear me?
—No problem.
9.The flower _______ (smell) terrible should be taken out of the room.
10.He seemed quite ________ (delight) at the news.
11.The first three rows of the hall are _______ (reserve) for special guests, so you can’t sit here.
12.I followed my brother and entered a dark ________ (crowd) room.
13.He walked up and down the room, like an animal ________ (trap) in a cage.
14.Many people became ________ (terrify) of cholera and began to move out of the village.
15.I will take the vase _______ (break) by my son to that old man to see if he can mend it.
Ⅱ. 用非谓语动词把下面复合句改成简单句。
1. This is the handbook which was introduced by the scientist.
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2. We have to pay taxes on goods which are imported from abroad.
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3. It sounded like a train that was going under my house.
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Unit 1 Friendship 1. 合计_____________________________________; 3. 不得不；必须______________________________; 5. 遛狗_____________________________________; 7. 记下；放下________________________________; 9. 故意_____________________________________; 11. 在黄昏时刻______________________________; 13. 不再…___________________________________; 15. 从…中恢复过来___________________________; 17. 将…装箱打包_____________________________; 19. 相爱；爱上_______________________________; 21. 参加；加入_______________________________; 23. 松开了__________________________________; 25. 付钱；付款；买单__________________________; 27. 对(某人)重要_____________________________; 29. 笑话；取笑（某人）_________________________; 31. 在日记中________________________________; 33. 对…着迷；迷恋____________________________; 35. 深蓝色的天空____________________________; 37. 太多____________________________________; 39. 在楼上__________________________________; 41. 肮脏的窗帘______________________________; 43. 记日记；写日记___________________________; 45. 绑起来__________________________________; 47. 在公路上________________________________; 49. 说…的闲话；______________________________; 51. 与…交朋友_______________________________; 53. 给…一些建议_____________________________; 55. 过去的事件______________________________; 57. 试一试；尝试一下_________________________; 59. settle____________________________________; 2. 使…镇静下来______________________________; 4. 关心；挂念________________________________; 6. 经历；经受________________________________; 8. 一连串的；一系列的_______________________; 10. 为了____________________________________; 12. 面对面地________________________________; 14. 遭受…___________________________________; 16. 对…厌烦_________________________________; 18. 与…相处；进展____________________________; 20. 对（某人）表示感激________________________; 22. 度假____________________________________; 24. 被车撞了________________________________; 26. 考试作弊________________________________; 28. 最深的感受______________________________; 30. 在二战中________________________________; 32. 在藏身之处______________________________; 34. 与自然有关______________________________; 36. 保持醒着________________________________; 38. 碰巧____________________________________; 40. 下楼____________________________________; 42. 积满灰尘的窗子__________________________; 44. 列一个单，列出___________________________; 46. 没注意到________________________________; 48. 与…有麻烦；有矛盾________________________; 50. 与人交流________________________________; 52. 改变这种状况____________________________; 54. 喜欢与不喜欢的事情______________________; 56. 表达你的感受与想法______________________; 58. concern__________________________________; 60. tip______________________________________;
Unit 1 1.what do you know about great scientists? 2.high expectations are the key to everything 远 大的理想是开启万物的钥匙 3.face the music 面对命运对你的不公平 4.be absorbed in全神贯注于, 专心致志于 be lost in thought想得出神沉思于… be engaged in 从事于…忙于 be concentrated on 集中注意力… 5.一…就… The moment…瞬间 instant 立刻 the minute second 片刻 6.make a suggestion give an advice make the investigation 7.look into 调查看浏览 8.slow down 减缓 9.relate to 有关涉及 10.two athe deaths 另外两个死者 11.link to 有关联系 12.die out 灭绝 die of 死于 die from死于 13.his career came to an end 他的事业结束了14.develop a severe illness 染上很严重的疾病 15.make a new career 创立新的事业 16.apart from 除了… 17.two more example =another two另外两个 18.make a face 做鬼脸 make one’s way to 转向向…出发，朝…走去 make up one’s mind下定决心 make friends make the bed make sure确定 make room for为..腾空间 19.lead to 领导 20.only 修饰主语不倒装 状语要倒装 If only 但愿要是 Only if只有.. 要到装 Eg.: only if you use this way ,can you … 21.make sense 有意义讲得通 in a sense 有点.. make sense of 搞清楚弄明白 in no sense 绝不；不可能 22. at times 时不时有时 At a time 每一次 From time to time 时而不时的 At one time 曾经一度 For the time being 暂时 Ahead of time 提前 All the time 一直 At all times总是随时 At any time 无论何时 At no time 决不 Out of time 不合时宜的 23.suspect sb of do sth怀疑某人做某事 24.look into 调查 25.look ahead 向前看展望未来 26.look around for 参观四处看看 27. look away from 把目光…从移开 28.look back (at) 回顾回忆 29.look out (for) 留心当心 30.look up to 尊敬钦佩 31.look though 检查浏览 32.go down 下降 33.slow down 慢下来放慢速度 33.knock down 击倒 34.tear down 拆毁拆除 Unit 2 1.keep your eyes open 睁大你的眼睛 2.consist of由…组成 3.leave out省去不考虑遗漏 4.divide into 分成 https://www.doczj.com/doc/335493869.html,pare A with B 与…比
高中英语人教版必修一知识点总结 Unit 1 Friendship Unit 2 English around the world Unit 3 Tracel journal Unit 4 Earthquakes Unit 5 Nelson Mandela - a modern hero 第一单元 1）add vt/vi加；添加；增添 add up合计加起来，但在口语中有时用于否定句，表示“莫名其妙，不说明问题”。add up to 总计共达，所有一切都说明，总而言之。 add sth（to sth）把……加到……里去。 add to 增加，扩建。 add 表示“继续说，补充说”。 区别add和increase add意思是“加，增加”，强调添加。或者表示将数字加起来求和。 increase“增加”，表示在数量，产量，尺寸，程度等方面的增加。 2）cheat v 欺骗；作弊n 骗子；作弊者；骗人的事 cheat sb of sth cheat sth out of sb 从某人处欺诈某物 cheat on/at/in 作弊，欺诈 3)list v 将事物列于表上；编事物的目录n 名单；目录；一览表 make a list of 造表，列……表 take…off the list 从表上去掉…… stand first on the list 居首位，列前茅 as listed above 如上所列 3）share share in 分享，分担，共用 share sth with sb 和某人共用/共享某事物 share out 分配，分发；得到股息，升股息 share（n.）in/of 一分，部分 4）trust vi/vt 信任，信赖；依赖 trust in 相信，信任，信仰 trust to 依靠（运气等），依赖 trust that… 希望，想 5）suffer vt/vi 遭受，受到，蒙受；受痛苦，受折磨，受惩罚，受损伤 suffer from 受……伤害；患……病痛 注意：suffer 和suffer from 都不能用于被动语态 6）calm vt/vi/adj. 使平静；使镇定。平静的，镇静的，沉着的。 calm down 平静下来，镇定下来 quite指人对外界事物感触的安静。对人时，侧重不激动，平静温和，不发表意见。still指完全没有声音或者没有动静，突然静止不动。 silent主要指人不爱说话，沉默不语。 7）concern
高中英语必修1知识点大全总结 Survey n. 纵览,视察,测量v. 审视,视察,通盘考虑,调查 1. We stood on the top of the mountain and surveyed the countryside. 我们站在山顶上，眺望乡村。 2. A quick survey of the street showed that no one was about. 扫视街道, 空无一人。 Add v. 增加 1. He added some wood to increase the fire. 他加了一些木柴，使火旺些。 2. If you add 4 to 5, you get 9. 四加五等于九。 3. Add up all the money I owe you. 把我应付你的钱都加在一起。 Upset a. 烦乱的,不高兴v. 颠覆,推翻,扰乱,使心烦意乱,使不舒服 1. I'm always upset when I don't get any mail. 我接不到任何邮件时总是心烦意乱。 2. He has an upset stomach. 他胃不舒服。 3. The news quite upset him. 这消息使他心烦意乱。 Ignore v. 不顾,不理,忽视 1. I said hello to her, but she ignored me completely! 我向她打招呼, 可她根本不理我! 2. I can't ignore his rudeness any longer. 他粗暴无礼, 我再也不能不闻不问了。 Calm n. 平稳,风平浪静 a. 平静的,冷静的v. 平静下来,镇静 1. It was a beautiful morning, calm and serene. 那是一个宁静、明媚的早晨。 2. You should keep calm even in face of danger. 即使面临危险，你也应当保持镇静。 3. Have a brandy it'll help to calm you (down). 来点儿白兰地--能使你静下来。 calm down vt. 平静下来(镇定下来) 1. His rage was soon calmed down by the rustic peace. 乡村的宁静很快就使他的怒气平静下来。 2. I told myself to calm down. 我告诫自己要冷静下来。 have got to conj. 不得不(必须) 1. You may not like him, but you have got to admire his persistence. 你可以不喜欢他，但你不得不佩服他那种坚忍不拔的精神。 2. I couldn't have got to the meeting on time -- unless I had caught an earlier train. 我不可能及时赶到会场，除非我赶上了较找的一班火车。 Concern n. 关心,关系, 关切的事,忧虑v. 涉及,与...有关,影响;使关心 1. How much money I earn is none of your concern. 我挣多少钱与你无关。 2. These problems concern all of us. 这些问题影响到我们每一个人。 3. This restaurant is a family concern. 这家饭店是由一家人经营的。 be concerned about vt. 关心(挂念) 1. It is reassuring to be enquired after when you're ill. It shows your friends haven't stopped being concerned about you. 如果能询问一下你是何时生病的我们也就放心了。因为你的朋友一直在关心你。 2. The government's claim to be concerned about unemployment is sheer hypocrisy. 政府声称对失业表示关注纯属做做姿态。 Cheat n. 骗子,欺骗行为v. 欺骗,作弊 1. His father was cheated of his land. 他的父亲被人骗走了地产。 2. He never cheats to pass examination. 他考试从不作弊。 3. He was cheated (out) of his rightful inheritance. 他依法应得的遗产被人骗走了. Reason n. 理由,原因,理智,理性v. 说服,推论,下判断 1. She can reason very clearly. 她能很清晰地思考。 2. Copernicus reasoned that the earth revolved around the sun. 哥白尼论证了地球绕着太阳转。 3. We have reason to believe that he was murdered. 我们有理由相信他是被谋杀的。 list n. 目录,名单,明细表v. 列出,列于表上,记入名单内
UNIT 1 Anne’s best friend 你是不是想有一位无话不谈能推心置腹的朋友呢？或者你是不是担 心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前的困境呢？ 安妮弗兰克想要的是第一种类型的朋友，于是她就把日记当成了她 最好的朋友。安妮在第二次世界大战期间住在荷兰的阿姆斯特丹。她一 家人都是犹太人，所以他们不得不躲藏起来，否则他们就会被德国纳粹 抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了二十五个月之后才被发现。在这段时间里， 她唯一的忠实朋友就是她的日记了。她说，“我不愿像大多数人那样在 日记中记流水账。我要把这本日记当作我的朋友，我要把我这个朋友称 作基蒂”。 安妮从1942年七月起就躲藏在那里了，现在来看看他当时 的心情吧。 1944年6月15日，星期四 亲爱的基蒂： 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一 切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。我记得非常清楚，以前，湛 蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未令我心迷神往过。自 从我来到这里，这一切都变了。 …比方说，有天晚上天气很暖和，我熬到 11点半故意不睡 觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮。但是因为月光太亮了，我不敢打 开窗户。还有一次，就在五个月以前的一个晚上，我碰巧在楼 上，窗户是开着的。我一直等到非关窗不可的时候才下楼去。漆 黑的夜晚，风吹雨打，雷电交加，我全然被这种力量镇住了。这 是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚… 不幸的是……我只能透过那满是灰尘的窗帘下那脏兮兮的窗 户看看大自然。只能隔着窗户看那大自然实在没意思，因为大自 然是需要真正体验的东西。 Using Language 亲爱的王小姐： 现在我同班上的同学有些麻烦事。我跟我们班里的一位男同学一直相处的很好。我们常常一起做家庭作业，而且很乐意互相帮助。我们成了真正好朋友。可是，其他同学却在背后议论起来，他们说我和这位男同学在谈恋爱，这使我很生气。我不想中断这段友谊，但是，我又讨厌人家背后说闲话。我该怎么办呢？
Teaching Plan Unit1 Friendship 教材人教版高中英语必修一 试讲者李瑶单位新疆师范大学 适用年级高中一年级单元第一单元 课题Anne’s Best Friend 课时共五课时，第二课时 （ Reading） 一．教材分析 Analysis of the Teaching Materials This unit is the first unit of the senior English studying which talks about friendship.As for the students, at the beginning of senior school life, making new friends is one of important things for them now,so the topic of this unit is appropriate at the present time. It can easily stimulate students’interests in English learning and help students think how to choose friends and the meaning of the friendship. The reading passage is the center of the unit. It mainly talks about the Anna , a Jewish girl , during the world war II, regarded the diary as her best friend to express her happiness, sorrow and missing to her hometown. 二．学情分析 Analysis of the Students As the students, grade1of senior high school,they have the basic abilities of listening,speaking,reading and writing,but they still need more chances to practice what they have learnt and improve their ability of communicating with others and expressing their ideas fluently and accurately. Meanwhile,it is also necessary to develop their autonomous learning ability and cooperative learning ability, as well cultivate the awareness of cultural differences. 三. 教学目标 Teaching Aims 1.Knowledge Objectives 1.Get students to know the main content of this article. 2.Learn about the formats of a diary. 2.Ability Objectives 1.Develop their reading ability and learn to use some reading strategies such as guessing, key sentences, skimming and so on. 2.Summarize different paragraphs. 3.Emotion Objectives
1. scientist science scientific 2. know about 了解 know of 听说过 3. find/ find out/ discover/ invent 4. explain sth. to sb 5. be characteristic of sb/ sth 6. pass sth from…从…处传来, 传下 pass by 路过, 经过… pass down 把…传下去 pass on 传递, 传授 7. the way of doing sth = the way to do 做某事的方法 8. put forward 提出建议，推荐某人或者自己任职，提名；时钟往前拨 9. by the way 顺便说 by way of …通过…的方法 lose one’s way 迷路 no way 没门，别想 feel one’s way 摸索着走谨慎从事 on one’s way to…在去……的路上 in this way=by this means =with this method用这种方法 10. put away 抛弃;舍弃 put down 写下来; 记入名单 put on 穿上; 戴上; 增加 put off 耽误; 延期 put out 熄灭(灯); 扑灭(火) put up 建立; 建造 put up with…忍受… 11. arrive at / come to / draw / reach a conclusion 12. win / beat /defeat win “赢得, 获胜”, 后接奖品, 奖金, 名誉, 财产 beat “击败, 战胜”, 后接竞争队伍或者对手, 敌人 defeat “击败，战胜”, 后接竞争队伍或者 对手, 敌人, (此用法同beat), 疾病等。 expert at/in sth 某方面的专家 14. attend 注意；照看，照顾；参加 attendance n. 照顾, 出席 attend school 上学 attend a lecture 听讲座attend a wedding 出席婚礼 15. attend to 处理, 办理I have some important things to attend to. 照顾, 照料; Are you being attended to 先生, 有人接待你吗 专心, 注意If you don’t attend to the teacher, you’ll never learn anything. 16. expose A to B 使A 暴露于B A be exposed to B A 暴露于B 17. die (v.) dead (adj.) death (n.) deadly adj. 致命的 18. deadly adv. (1)very 极度; 非常; 十分 deadly serious 十分认真 (2)like death 死一般地 deadly pale 死一般苍白 19. every time 每当每次（连词连接句子）注意: immediately, the moment, directly, instantly 等与every time一样, 都可以 用作连词引导时间状语从句, 意为“一…..就”。 20. absorb…..into 吸收，理解接受，吞并be absorbed in …被…吸引; 专心于; 全神贯注于某事 21. suggest doing sth 建议做某事 suggest that 建议should + V 暗示该使用什么时态用什么 22. severe 严厉的; 苛刻的; 严格的. 剧痛的, 剧烈的, 严重的, 难熬的 be severe with/on sth 对……严格。 23. be to blame 应该受到责备 blame sb for sth 因……责备某人 blame sth on sb 把sth 归咎于某人 24. look into 向里看；调查，了解 25. suspect sth 怀疑某事 suspect sb of doing sth 怀疑某人做某事 suspect that 从句 26. look on 观看, 面向, 旁观, 看待look out 面朝, 留神, 照料 look over 从上面看, 察看, 检查look around 环顾, 观光, 察看
高中必修一到必修五主要语法点 必修一：直接引语和间接引语(宾语从句)；现在进行时表将来；定语从句 必修二：定语从句(非限定定从、定从中的介词前提)；被动语态(一般将来时、现在完成时及现在进行时的被动语态) 必修三：情态动词；名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句及同位语从句) 必修四：主谓一致；非谓语动词(V-ing) ；构词法 必修 2 第一单元,非限制性定语从句的第二单元一般将来时的主被动第三单元现在完成时的主被动第四单元 现在进行时的主被动第五单元介词+which/whom的用法 必修 3 一二单元情态动词的用法三单元宾语从句和表语从句四单元主语从句 五单元同位语从句 必修4 第一单元主谓一致第二单v-ing作主语和宾语的用法第三单元v-ing作表语,定语和宾语补足语第四单 元v-ing作状语第五单元构词法 必修5 第一单元过去分词作定语和表语第二单元过去分词作宾语补足语第三单元过去分词作状语第四单元 倒装句第五单元省略句 必修一各单元知识点总结 Unit One Friendship 一、重点短语 1.go through 经历，经受get through 通过；完成；接通电话 2. set down 记下，放下 3. a series of 一系列 4 on purpose 有目的的 5. in order to 为了 6. at dusk 傍晚，黄昏时刻 7. face to face 面对面 8. fall in love 爱上 9. join in 参加（某个活动）；take part in 参加（活动） join 加入（组织，团队，并成为其中一员） 10. calm down 冷静下来 11. suffer from 遭受 12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦 13. be concerned about 关心 14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽 15. be good at/do well in 擅长于… 16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是…
高一英语必修1知识点梳理五篇 学习高中英语知识点的时候需要讲究方法和技巧，更要学会对高中英语知识点进行归纳整理。下面就是给大家带来的高一英语必修1知识点，希望能帮助到大家! 高一英语必修1知识点篇1 The passive 被动语态 在下列情况下使用被动语态： 1、不知道耶不需要知道谁做的这件事。 2、动作的执行者“显而易见” 3、动作本身比动作执行者更重要或不想指出谁做的这件事。 4、在书面语特别是在科技报告、报刊文章中被动语态比主动语态更正式。 Form： Tense时态form 形式+past 一般现在时am/is/are +past participle 过去分词 现在进行时am/is/are being +pp 现在完成时have/has been +pp 一般过去时was/were +pp 过去进行时was/were being +pp 高一英语必修1知识点篇2 重点单词
major local represent curious introduce approach stranger express action general avoid misunderstand similar agreement adult punish intend means universal cultural apologize behave bow flight defence dormitory canteen dash comfortable distance prefer touch custom false hug function international powerful greet fist yawn threaten respectful association gesture 高一英语必修1知识点篇3 1.devotes…to doing奉于 2.fight against对抗，反对，与……作斗争 3.selflessly无私地 4.be free from免于，不受 5.be in prison入狱，在狱中服刑 6.the first man to do第一个…的人 7.The time when I first met him was a very difficult period of my life. 第一次见到他的时候是在我一生中非常艰难的时期。 8.He was generous with his time,for which I was grateful. 他十分慷慨地给予我时间，我为此非常感激。 9.become out of work.失业
+人教版高中英语必修五 知识点梳理 重点题型（ 常考知识点 ）巩固练习 Unit2The United Kingdom 目标认知 重点词汇 divide,clarify,accomplish,conflict,convenience,attract,influence,arrange,delight,小词简析 重点短语 consist of,refer to，credit/to one’s credit，break away(from),leave out,tak e the place of, break down 重点句型 find+n./pron.宾语补足语 知识讲解 重点词汇 divide 【原句回放】England can be divided into three main areas.英国被分为三个主要地区。 【点拨】divide分开，分配 常用搭配：divide...into...把......分成...... A line of trees divides the g ar de n in half.一行树把花园分隔成两半。 Divide this line into20equal parts.把这条线分成20个相等的部分。 Let’s divide ourselves into several groups.我们分成几个小组吧。 【拓展】divide与sep arate 1)divide指把一个整体分成几部分，通常按比例划分。 2）sep arate指把原来结合在一起或混杂的东西分开，东西原来没有统一性，有时含有“强行分开”之意。 Divide the mon ey among the six of you.这笔钱你们六个人分。 W e’d better sep arate the good one s from the bad ones.我们最好把好的和坏的分开。 She doesn’t want to be sep arated from him.她不想和他分开。 clarify 【原句回放】Y ou can clarify this pr oblem if you study British history.如果你学习英国的历史，你就能阐明这个问题。 【点拨】clarify vt.&vi.澄清，阐明；使（液体）澄清 Could you clarify your remarks?你能澄清一下你的话吗？ An example will help to clarify what I mean.举个例子来阐明我的意思。
人教版必修一各单元知识点总结 Unit One Friendship 一、重点短语 1.go through 经历，经受get through 通过；完成；接通电话 2. set down 记下，放下 3. a series of 一系列 4. on purpose 有目的的 5. in order to 为了 6. at dusk 傍晚，黄昏时刻 7. face to face 面对面 8. fall in love 爱上9. join in 参加（某个活动）；take part in 参加（活动） join 加入（组织，团队，并成为其中一员） 10. calm down 冷静下来11. suffer from 遭受12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦 13. be concerned about 关心14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽15. be good at/do well in 擅长于…16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是…17. no longer / not …any longer 不再…18. too much 太多（后接不可数n.）much too 太…(后接adj.)19. not…until 直到…才20. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做…并不开心 21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为…make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 二、语法----直接引语和间接引语 概念：直接引语：直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号。 例：Mr. Black said, “ I’m busy.” Mr. Black said that he was busy. 变化规则 （一）陈述句的变化规则 直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that（可省略）引导，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。 人称的变化——人称的变化主要是要理解句子的意思 例：1. He said, “ I like it very much.”→He said that he liked it very much. 2. He said to me, “I’v left my book in your room.” →He told me that he had left his book in my room. 时态的变化
文档贡献：smysl 必修一 Unit 1 Friendship 1)be good to 对….友好 2)add up 合计 3)get sth done 使…被做 4)calm down 镇定下来 5)have got to 不得不 6)be concerned about 关心；挂念 7)make a list of 列出 8)share sth with sb 和某人分享某物 9)go through 经历；仔细检查 10)hide away 躲藏；隐藏 11)set down 放下；记下 12) a series of 一系列；一套 13)be crazy about 对…着迷 14)on purpose 故意 15)in order to/ so as to 为了 16)face to face 面对面地 17)according to 按照；根据…所说 18)get along with 与…相处 19)pack up 收拾，打理行装 20)have trouble with sb/sth 同某人闹意见； 做…有困难 21)fall in love 相爱 22)try out 试验；试用 23)join in 参加（活动） 24)communicate with sb 和…交留 25)look to sth 注意，留心某事 26)cheat sb (out) of sth 骗取某人某物 27)have the/a habit of doing sth 有做…的 习惯 28)be ignorant of 无知的 Unit2 English around the world 1)in…ways 在…方面 2)be different from 与…不同 3)play a role/ part (in) 在…中起作用;扮 演一个角色；参与 4)play an important role/part在..中起重要 作用 5)because of 因为；由于 6)such as 例如 7)come up (vi) 走进；上来；发生；被讨 论 8)come up with 提出e 9)at the end of 在…末期 10)even if/ though 即使 11)be based on 在...基础上 12)close to 距离…近 13)make (good/ full) use of （好好/充分） 利用 14)change…into 把…变成 15)the same…as 与…相同的 16)at present 目前 17)as a rule 通常；照例 18)be present at 在席；出席 19)carry out a rule 执行规则 20)be absent from 缺席 21)provide sth to sb / provide sb with sth给 某人提供某物 22)at sb’s request 应某人的要求 23)have a command of掌握 24)give commands 命令 25)request that …(should)+v原形 26)in one direction 朝一个方向 27)as we know 正如我们所知 Unit3 Travel Journal 1)dream of/ about doing sth 梦想做某事 2)graduate from 从…毕业 3)persuade sb not to do sth= persuade sb out of doing sth 说服某人不做某事 4)get sb interested in 使某人对… 感兴趣 5)insist on (one’s) sth/ doing sth 一定要； 坚持要 6)the best way of doing sth/ the best way to do sth 干某事的最好办法 7)attitude to/ toward(s) 对…态度 8)care about 忧虑，关心care for喜欢， 照顾 9)change one’s mind 改变主意 10)to my mind = in my opinion我的观点 11)make up one’s mind to do 决心干某事
第一单元 1）add vt/vi加；添加；增添add up合计加起来，但在口语中有时用于否定句，表示“莫名其妙，不说明问题”。add up to 总计共达，所有一切都说明，总而言之。add to 增加，扩建。 add sth（to sth）把……加到……里去。add 表示“继续说，补充说”。 区别add和increase add意思是“加，增加”，强调添加。或者表示将数字加起来求和。 increase“增加”，表示在数量，产量，尺寸，程度等方面的增加。 2）cheat v 欺骗；作弊n 骗子；作弊者；骗人的事 cheat sb of sth cheat sth out of sb 从某人处欺诈某物cheat on/at/in 作弊，欺诈 3)list v 将事物列于表上；编事物的目录n 名单；目录；一览表 make a list of 造表，列……表take…off the list 从表上去掉…… stand first on the list 居首位，列前茅as listed above 如上所列 3）share share in 分享，分担，共用share sth with sb 和某人共用/共享某事物 share out 分配，分发；得到股息，升股息share（n.）in/of 一分，部分 4）trust vi/vt 信任，信赖；依赖 trust in 相信，信任，信仰trust to 依靠（运气等），依赖trust that…希望，想 5）suffer vt/vi 遭受，受到，蒙受；受痛苦，受折磨，受惩罚，受损伤 suffer from 受……伤害；患……病痛 注意：suffer 和suffer from 都不能用于被动语态 6）calm vt/vi/adj. 使平静；使镇定。平静的，镇静的，沉着的。 calm down 平静下来，镇定下来silent主要指人不爱说话，沉默不语。 quite指人对外界事物感触的安静。对人时，侧重不激动，平静温和，不发表意见。 still指完全没有声音或者没有动静，突然静止不动。 7）concern be concerned about 担心，关心as/so far as…be concerned 关于，至于，就某人而言 have no concern for 毫不关心concern oneself in/with/about sth 忙于，从事；关心，关切 have a concern in 和……有厉害关系be concerned in/with 参与，与……有关 8）separate v/adj 分开，和……分手；单独的，分开的，不同的separate…from 使……和……分离9）reason without reason 不合理 lose one’s reason 失去理智，发狂by reason of 由于bring sb to reason 说服某人理智些within reason 合理listen to reason 听从道理reason sb into/out of sth 以理说服某人做/不做某事10）power beyond /out of one’s power =not within one’s power力所不及的，不能胜任的 in power 当权的，握有政权的come into power掌权，得势 11）habit form / make a habit of doing=make it a habit to do sth 养成做某事的习惯out of habit 出于习惯 be in the habit of 有……的习惯fall/get into a habit of 沾染（养成）……习惯 break（off）a habit=get out a habit 戒除一种习惯form good habits 养成良好的习 12）according to为介词短语，后跟名词，代词，不能很从句，表示“根据；按照；试……而定”。according to其后引出的信息应来自别人或者别处，不能来自说话者自己。 according to其后不能跟opinion，view等名词。 according as 相当于连词，后跟从句，意为“正像，根据，按照，如果”。 13）区别join；join in；take part in；attend join 参加某个组织或者团体（党派，军队等）