虚拟语气讲解与练习
黄志刚2013.10.
一. 简介
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分为述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气
在什么情况下用虚拟语气? 在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或表示某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。
二. 虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法
1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句
真：eg . If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。( 真实条件状语)（不是虚拟语气）If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。（真实条件状语）（不是虚拟语气）
非真：eg. If I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你，我马上就会去。（非真实条件状语从句）If there were no air, people would die. 如果没有空气，人就会死亡。（非真实条件状语从句）
2、用法及动词形式
1、表示与现在事实相反的情况，例1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） 2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道）3.If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 4.If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱） 5.If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：没有努力
2、表示与过去事实相反的情况
例：1. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了） 2.If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话）
3、表示对将来情况的主观推测例： 1.If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。（事实：来的可能性很小） 2.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。（事实：不知能否下雪）3.If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。在表示建议、命令、要求等含义的宾语从句，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，"should＋动词原形"构成，should 可省略。
4、有时，主句和条件状语从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如：If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了，②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如：If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去了。If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。③从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。如：If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的话，庄稼会长得更好。If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now. 要是他一直努力工作的话，他现在已进了办公室了。
5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即将were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。如：Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果她懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。
6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without…., but for….等But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. 我们不知道他的，否则我们就会给他打。
7、有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。①省略从句He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。You could have passed this exam. 你应该能通过这次考试了。
②省略主句If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊。、
虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood)的其他用法
1、虚拟语气用在wish 后的宾语从句
a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式eg. I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实：我根本比不上你)
b、表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+done(动词过去分词）eg:.I wish I had known the truth of the matter.我希望我原来知道这件事的真相。（事实：原来不知道）
c、表示将来难以实现的愿望谓语动词：should/would + 动词原形eg. I wish I should have a chance again.我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。（事实：很难再有这样的机会了）(注：if only和as if/as though也有相同用法）
2、虚拟语气用在目的状语从句中
1.在for fear that, in case, lest引导的，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为：should + 动词原形。并且should不能省略She examined the door again for fear
that a thief should come in. 她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出发了以防迟到。2、在so that, in order that所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 动词原形。He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能听得更清楚。He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个单词。
3、虚拟语气的其他用法
1、一坚持(insist)二命令(order. command)议(advice. suggest. propose)四要求(demand. require. request. desire.)中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：“should + 动词原形”或只用“动词原形”。如He suggested that we (should) take the teacher’s advice He insisted that we (should) take the teacher’s advice He demand that we (should) take the teacher’s advice He ordered that we (should) take the teacher’s advice 注：insist如果翻译成坚持某种动作才用虚拟语气翻译成坚持某种观点就不用虚拟语气。如：He insist he is a student. 他坚持说他是个学生。这个语句表示的是事实，因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气，意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。如：His face suggests that he looks worried .他的表情暗含着他很担心。这个句子本身是事实，因此它就没有用到虚拟语气。③表情绪.观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气.如:necessary. important. impossible. natural. strange. surprising. funny. right. wrong. better. a pity等。句型：It is.......that 结构后的主语从句，从句的谓语动词都要用should+原型或只用动词原型。
2、在even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。如：Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使华佗在世也救不了他。
3、在whatever，whichever，whenever，whoever, wherever，however, no matter wh-word 等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为：①may +动词原形(指现在或将来)。如：We will finish it on time no matter what / whatever may happen. 不管发生什么事，我们都要按时完成。We will find him wherever / no matter where he may be. 无论他在哪里，我们都要找到他。
I will wait for him no matter how late he may come. 不管他来的多么晚，我都会等他。②may +完成式(指过去) ，主句结构不限。如：You mustn’t be proud whatever / no matter what great progress you may have made. 不管你取得了多么大的进步，你也不能骄傲We must respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes he may have made. 不管他犯过什么错误，我们必须尊敬他。
4、一般would rather, had rather, would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：表示所发生的时间虚拟语气结构过去had + 过去分词；现在过去时(be 用were ) 将来过去时(be 用were ) 如：I’d rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。I’d rather you were here now. 我倒想你现在在这儿。We’d rather you went here tomorrow. 我们倒想你明天去那儿
5、虚拟语气还可用在定语从句中，表示：“早该做某事了”时，定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：It is (high / about) time that + 主语+ 动词的过去式/ should + 动词原形，即从句用虚拟过去式。如It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我该去学校接我的女儿了。It is high time you should go to work. 你早该上班了。
6、简单句中的虚拟语气（1）说话时，为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌，言语常使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构形式常为：would / could / might / should + 原形动词。如：Would you mind my shutting the door? 我把门关起来你介意吗？You should always learn this lesson by heart. 你要把这个教训牢记于心。I should agree with you. 我应该同意你的观点。（2）表示“祝愿”时，常用“may + 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他”。如：May you have a good journey! 祝你一路顺风。May your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永驻。（3）表示强烈的“愿望”、“祝愿”时，常用动词原形。如：Long live the Communist Party of China. 中国共产党万岁。God bless us. 上帝保佑。（4）习惯表达中常用的虚拟语气。(1) 提出请求或邀请。如：Would you like to have a talk with us this evening? 今天晚上来跟我们聊天好吗？Could I use your bike now? 我可以用一下你的单车吗？(2) 述自己的观点或看法。如：I should glad to meet you. 见到你我会很高兴。I would try my best to help you. 我会尽力帮助你。(3) 提出劝告或建议。如：You’d better ask your father first. 你最好先问一问你的父亲。You should make a full investigation of it first. 你应该先全面调查一番。(4) 提出问题。如：Do you think he could get here on time? 你认为他能按时来吗？Do you expect he would tell us the truth? 你期望他会告诉我们真相吗？(5) 表示对过去情况的责备时，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：“情态动词+ have + 过去分词”。如：You should have got here earlier. 你应该早就到这里了。You should have returned it to him. 你应该把它还给他了。
练习以及解析
1.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _____ the book from which it was made.
A. have read
B. had read
C. should have read
D. are reading
2.You are late. If you _____ a few minutes earlier, you _____ him.
A. come; would meet
B. had come; would have met
C. come; will meet
D. had come; would meet
3.The two students talked as if they _____ friends for years.
A. should be
B. would be
C. have been
D. had been
4.It is important that I _____ with Mr. Williams immediately.
A. speak
B. spoke
C. will speak
D. to speak
5.He looked as if he _____ ill for a long time.
A. was
B. were
C. has been
D. had been
6.If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child would not _____.
A. have laid there for two hours
B. have been lied there for two hours
C. have lied there for two hours
D. have lain there for two hours
7.I wish that I _____ with you last night.
A. went
B. could go
C. have gone
D. could have gone
8.Let’s say you could go there again, how _____ feel?
A. will you
B. should you
C. would you
D. do you
9.I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he _____ everything.
A. knew
B. knows
C. has known
D. had known
10._____ the fog, we should have reached our school.
A. Because of
B. In spite of
C. In case of
D. But for
11.If you had told me in advance, I _____ him at the airport.
A. would meet
B. would had met
C. would have met
D. would have meet
12.Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he_____ me how.
A. teaches
B. will teach
C. has taught
D. would teach
13.I would have told him the answer had it been possible, but I _____ so busy then.
A. had been
B. were
C. was
D. would be
14.He’s working hard for fear that he _____.
A. should fall behind
B. fell behind
C. may fall behind
D. would fallen behind
15.If it _____ another ten minutes, the game would have been called off.
A. had rained
B. would have rained
C. have seen
D. rained
16.He suggested that they _____ use a trick instead of fighting.
A. should
B. would
C. do
D. had
17.My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _____ there.
A. not went
B. won’t go
C. not go
D. not to go
18.I would have gone to the meeting if I _____ time.
A. had had
B. have had
C. had
D. would have had
19.Would you rather I _____ buying a new bike?
A. decided against
B. will decide against
C. have decided
D. shall decide against
20.You look so tired tonight. It is time you _____.
A. go to sleep
B. went to sleep
C. go to bed
D. went to bed
21.—Why didn’t you buy a new car?
—I would have bought one if I _____ enough money.
A. had
B. have had
C. would have
D. had had
22.If she could sew, _____.
A. she make a dress
B. she would have made a shirt
C. she will make a shirt
D. she would had made a coat
23._____ today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave
B. Was he leaving
C. Were he to leave
D. If he leaves
24.His doctor suggested that he _____ a short trip abroad.
A. will take
B. would take
C. take
D. took
25.The Bakers arrived last night. If they’d only let us know earlier,_____ at the station.
A. we’d meet them
B. we’ll meet them
C. we’d have met them
D. we’ve met the m
26.If I _____ you, I _____ more attention to English idioms and phrases.
A. was; shall pay
B. am; will pay
C. would be; would pay
D. were; would pay
27.We might have failed if you _____ us a helping hand.
A. have not given
B. would not give
C. had not given
D. did not give
28.The law requires that everyone _____ his car checked at least once a year.
A. has
B. had
C. have
D. will have
29.It is strange that he _____ so.
A. would say
B. would speak
C. should say
D. will speak
30.Had I known her name, _____
A. or does she know mine?
B. and where does she live?
C. she would be beautiful.
D. I would have invited her to lunch.
31.He has just arrived, but he talks as if he _____ all about that.
A. know
B. knows
C. known
D. knew
32.If I _____ the money, I would have bought a much bigger car.
A. possessed
B. owned
C. had
D. had had
33.He was very busy yesterday; otherwise, he _____ to the meeting.
A. would come
B. came
C. would have come
D. will come
34.The librarian insists that John _____ no more books from the library before he returns all the books he has borrowed.
A. will take
B. took
C. take
D. takes
35.I left very early last night, but I wish I _____ so early.
A. didn’t leave
B. hadn’t left
C. haven’t left
D. couldn’t leave
36.I do not have a job. I would find one but I _____ no time.
A. had
B. didn’t have
高中英语虚拟语气详细讲解 虚拟语气 什么是虚拟语气？是的，我们要学习虚拟语气就必须先弄明白它的概念。 虚拟语气包含两种：一种指与事实相反或不可能发生。“虚拟条件句+虚拟主句”的结构都属于这一类；even if、even though、as if、as though引导的状语中如果需要用到虚拟语气也属于这一类；wish、would rather后面接的宾语从句表示不可能实现的愿望，还是属于这一类。 另一种指与事实实际是否发生没有直接关系。如和suggest、order、demand等表示建议、命令、要求等相关的名词性从句都属于这一类。 大家知道以上两类虚拟语气后，我们就从从句的角度来系统学习虚拟语气。紧跟小简老师的步伐哦！ 一. 虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+did(be动词用were) 主句：主语+ should/would/might/could+do
If I were you,I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you. 如果我知道他的，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道） If there were no air or water,there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况 从句：If+主语+had+done 主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have done If I had got there earlier,I should/would have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了） If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话） 3、表示与将来事实相反的情况
虚拟语气详解 虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望（往往与客观事实相反），或是表示假象和猜测。虚拟语气无论从形式上还是时态上都比较复杂，需要归类记忆。 虚拟语气大体分为三类：(1) be型虚拟(2) were型虚拟(3) if 条件句及主句虚拟下面会详细说每种虚拟形式的特征和规律，考试时先判断属于哪种虚拟类型，剩下的皆是套路~ （1）be型虚拟（基本是套路） 形式：should + 动词原形，should可以省略 用法：1）表示“命令、建议、要求”等意义词语之后的宾语从句用be型虚拟，常见的词如下: demand, desire, insist, order, ask, command, propose, recommend, suggest, prefer, require, request等 最常见的形式是这类动词后面接着一个宾语从句，则宾语从句的谓语部分要用（should）+ 动词原形来虚拟 例: We demand that the meeting（should）be postponed. The manager suggested that we (should) work together. 注意：有时候你所见到不一定是上述动词引导的宾语从句，而是由上述词变体后所引导主语从句(it做形式主语，如：it is advised/ suggested/ requested/ ordered/ proposed that…)、表语从句或同位语从句 例如：It is required that the students (should) learn a foreign language. (主语从句) The requirement is that all the equipment in the meeting room (should) be checked twice before. (表语从句) We didn’t stand for his proposal that the meeting (should)be postponed. (同位语从句) 只要看到句中有上述动词或其变体，不管词性怎么变、句型怎么变，都用be型虚拟！ 特例：suggest和insist这两个比较特殊，当suggest作“暗示、表明、说明”讲，insist 作“坚持说”讲，后面一般跟的是客观事实，不需要虚拟~这是一个比较重要的考点，体会下面两组句子： We all suggest that a lab (should) be built. 我们都建议建一个实验室。 Her expression suggests that she is angry. 她的表情说明她生气了。 She insisted that we should find the source of the river. 她坚持主张我们应该找到河的源头。 She insisted that she had done nothing wrong. 她坚持说自己没做错事。 suggest 的区别很明显，但insist有点难辨别，一般来说如果insist后面跟的是某种主张，或是坚持要做一件事，那么用虚拟。 2）表示主观看法，常表示“某事是必要的、重要的。。。怎么怎么样的”，尤其是在“ it is +名词/形容词+ that从句”结构中，常见的形容词包括：advisable, desirable, essential, imperative, important, necessary, obligatory, proper, dispensable, impossible, natural, surprising等 例如：It is advisable that you (should) leave now. It is necessary that teenagers (should) take part in outside activities. It is of great importance that smoking (should) be banned in public area.
高考英语专题虚拟语气知识点真题汇编含答案 一、选择题 1．—Would you mind if I ______ the window? —Not at all. In fact, I was going to suggest you ______ it. A．open; did B．opened; to do C．open; doing D．opened; do 2．-You came second in the running race. Congratulations! -Thanks. But practising more, I _______ a different result. A．might get B．may get C．may have got D．might have got 3．If penicillin available, many people from sickness or even small wounds in World WarⅡ. A．was not; would die B．were not; would have died C．had not been; would died D．had not been; would have died 4．louder, all the students would hear. A．If the teacher had spoken B．If the teacher will speak C．Had the teacher spoken D．If the teacher spoke 5．The snowstorm sweeping across California delayed my flight, otherwise I _____ in Hawaii sunbathing on the beach now. A．would be B．could have been C．will be D．might have been 6．It is time that we ________ a decision on how to approach this problem. A．make B．made C．to make D．will make 7．Some teachers recommended that more books to satisfy the students’ needs. A．are purchased B．have been purchased C．were purchased D．be purchased 8．The board thought it urgent that these files _____ right away. A．printed B．had been printed C．would been printed D．be printed 9．--- Are you happy now? --- If only I _____ slimmer, more beautiful, richer, more clever. A．am B．were C．had been D．should be 10．They both look as if they ______ ten years younger after a heart-to-heart talk. A．are B．were C．have been D．had been 11．She wouldn’t have flown off the handle _____the fact that you didn’t intend to hurt her. A．were she to know B．had she known C．did she know D．should she have known 12．_____, the student insisted that he _____ separated from his desk mate, who is very naughty. A．To avoid being affected; be B．To avoid to be affected; would be C．Avoid being affected; should be D．Avoiding to be affected; be 13．-Would you ___ first aid to him, had it been possible? -Yes, but I _____. A．have offered; had got hurt.B．offer; had got hurt. C．have offered; got hurt.D．had offered; had got hurt. 14．________, the damage would be incalculable.
虚拟语气专项练习 1.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _____ the book from which it was made. A. have read B. had read C. should have read D. are reading 2.You are late. If you _____ a few minutes earlier, you _____ him. A. come; would meet B. had come; would have met C. come; will meet D. had come; would meet 3.The two students talked as if they _____ friends for years. A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been 4.It is important that I _____ with Mr. Williams immediately. A. speak B. spoke C. will speak D. to speak 5.He looked as if he _____ ill for a long time. A. was B. were C. has been D. had been
6.If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child would not _____. A. have laid there for two hours B. have been lied there for two hours C. have lied there for two hours D. have lain there for two hours 7.I wish that I _____ with you last night. A. went B. could go C. have gone D. could have gone 8.Let’s say you could go there again, how _____ feel? A. will you B. should you C. would you D. do you 9.I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he _____ everything. A. knew B. knows C. has known D. had known 10._____ the fog, we should have reached our school. A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. But for
高考虚拟语气用法详解 一·语气概述 和时态语态一样，语气也是谓语动词的一种形式，它表明说话者的目的和意图。英语中有三种语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。（有的语法书说语气有四种，即还包括疑问语气）。 eg：①He doesn’t see very well in his right eye .他右眼视力不太好。（陈述语气） ②Have they ever been to Australia ?他们去过澳大利亚没有？（疑问语气） ③Please read through the instruction in advance .请先通读说明书。（祈使语 气） 二·虚拟语气概述 在英语中，由于说话人的意图不同，动词需用不同的形式，称为语气。虚拟语气是指说话人表示一种假设的情况，一种愿望，怀疑，推测，请求等，即认为动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实。虚拟语气可用于状语从句，名词性从句，定语从句及其他结构中。 三·非真实条件句中的虚拟语气 真实条件句（遵循主将从现原则） A.由If引导的两种条件句： 非真实条件句（虚拟语气） 以下为If在非真实条件句中虚拟语气的形式和用法： 假设类型If从句主句 与现在事实相反did (be用were)should/would/ could/might do 与过去事实相反had done should/would/ could/might have done 与将来事实相反1)did 2)were to do 3)should do should/would/ could/might do eg：①If I were you ,I would reconsider their advice .如果我是你的话，我会重新考虑他们的意见。（与现在事实相反） ②You would not have caught a cold if you had put on more clothes .如果你多穿了些衣服，你就不会得感冒了。（与过去事实相反）
英语虚拟语气解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)及解析 一、初中英语虚拟语气 1．I’ m so busy. If I time, I travel around. A．have; would B．have; could C．had; would D．had; will 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。其主要有三种结构： 1、与现在事实相反 若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+动词原形” 2、与过去事实相反 若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时（had+过去分词），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+have+过去分词” 3、与将来事实相反 若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式（be通常用were），主句谓语用“should （would, could, might）+动词原形”。 句意：我是那么忙。如果我有时间我会周游世界。与现在事实相反故选C。 考点：考查虚拟语气。 2．If I _______ you, I would say another student could do it better. A．was B．were C．were D．are 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意：如果我是你，我会说另一个学生可以把它做得更好。 考查虚拟语气。根据句意可知“现在事实”相反，此句是虚拟语气，be动词使用were；故选A。 3． If I ____Alice, I _____them the truth. A. was , would tell B. were ,would tell C. am, will tell D．is , will tell 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：本题的含义是如果我是你，我将告诉他们真相，本题if引导的是一个虚拟的条件句，在虚拟句中，be用were，主句通常用过去的一种，will应该用would，故本题选B。 考点：if引导的虚拟条件句。 点评：在英文中条件句有两种，一种是真实的条件句，if后遇到将来时用一般现在时，一
英语虚拟语气讲解 语气(mood)是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。英语中的语气有三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。 一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。 条件从句主句 与现在事实相反 If 主语+动词过去式（be的过 去式用were） Should would, might， could+动词原形 与过去事实相反If 主语+had+过去分词should would, might， could）+ have ＋过去分词 与将来事实相反If 主语+动词过去式（be的过去 式用were）；should＋动词原 形；were to＋动词原形 should（would, might， could）+动词原形 1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句， If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。 （事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。） If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。 （事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。） 2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句如： She would have gone to the party if she had been invited. 要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。 （事实是：当时没有人邀请她，因此，她没有来参加聚会。表示后悔。）If she hadn't called me, I would have overslept this morning. 今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。 （事实是：她今天早上叫我了，我没有睡过头。表示感激。） 3. 与将来事实可能相反的虚拟条件句， If I were to be twenty years old next year, I would take the course of French.
新高考英语语法——虚拟语气精讲 第一部分：英语中的四大语气 1. 陈述语气：I like apples 我喜欢苹果。（肯定） I don\\\\'t like apples我不喜欢苹果（否定） 2. 疑问语气：What\\\\'s your name？你叫什么名字？ Do you like apples? 你喜欢苹果？ 3. 祈使语气：Open the door 打开门 4. 虚拟语气：If I were you, I would forgive her如果我是你，我将会原谅她。 第二部分：虚拟语气结构讲解（考试重点） 1，与现在的事实相反： 从句用过去式，主句用would/could/might/should/+动词原形 例如；If I had time ，the classroom would be so clean 如果我有时间，教室将会更加干净。 2，与过去的事实相反： 主句用would/could/should/might/+have+ done , 从句中过去完成时 例如；If I had finished my homework ，I would have passed that test 如果当时我完成了我的做，我就能够通过我的考试了。 3，与将来的事实相反： 主句用：should/could/would/might/+动词原形，从句用should do （可能性最大），过去式（可能性一般）were to do （可能性最小）
If it should snow tomorrow，I would make a snowman 如果明天下雪，明天我将堆一个雪人 If it snowed tomorrow，I would make a snowman 如果明天下雪，明天我将堆一个雪人 If it were to snow tomorrow ，I would make a snowman 如果明天下雪，我将堆一个雪人 虚拟语气的倒装形式 If I had worked hard ，I would have finished it 如果当时我努力工作，我就已经完成它了。 =Had I worked hard ，I would have finished it If it should snow tomorrow ，I would make a snowman 如果明天下雪，我将会堆雪人 =Should it snow tomorrow ，I would make a snowman If it were to snow tomorrow ，I would make a snowman =Were it to snow tomorrow ，I would make a snowman 第三部分：虚拟语气在各类从句中的用法（所有考点） 一．在主语从句中， 用来表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等，其谓语形式是“(should) + 动词原形”，常用于下列三种句型中： 1. It is necessary (vital, important, natural, strange, wonderful, proper, right, good, wrong, impossible, etc.) + that -clause e.g. It is important that we (should) master a foreign language.
虚拟语气 第一部分：语气的定义和种类 1 语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 2 语气的种类 ⑴、陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如： ①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。 ②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？ ③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊！ ⑵、祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如： ①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。 ②Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。 ⑶、虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如： ①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 ②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。 ③May you succeed!祝您成功！ 虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。让我们就从最简单的开始吧。 第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。如： ⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？ ⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。 二、表祝愿。 1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。 ⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运！ ⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐！ ⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！ ⑷、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。 ⑸、May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。 ⑹、May you be happy. (注意那个be ) 祝你幸福。 2、用动词原形。例如： (1).Long live the people! 人民万岁！ (2).“God bless you,”said the priest.牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！” (3).Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！ 三、表示强烈愿望。（该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形，第三人称单数也不加“s”） (1).God save me． (2).Heaven help us． 四、表命令 1.命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you)，而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。 2.句子尾通常加上感叹号：！ 3.虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(Simple Present)，如：work, be , go 4.否定形式的命令语气，可用助动词do，加上not。 (1). Work ! (2). Work harder ! (3). Be more alert ! (虚拟语气动词Be) (4). You go out ! (5). Do not work so hard. (do not 表示否定的虚拟语气) (6). Don't be afraid. (口语中常用don't 代替do not) 五、在一些习惯表达中。如： (1).You’d better set off now.你最好现在就出发。 (2).I’d rather not tell you the secret.我情愿不告诉你这个秘密。 第三部分：名词性从句中的虚拟语气 第一节：宾语从句(Subordinate Clause)中的虚拟语气 一、在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 在动词wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气，常省去宾语从句的引导词that。 一）、对现在情况的虚拟（与现在的事实相反）： 从句用过去式或过去进行式(时间上是同时的)。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语be和were(was)，实义动词用过去式。例： 1. I wish (that可省略,下同)I knew the answer to the question.(wish, 动词过去式knew)我希望知道这个答案。(事实上是不知道) 2. I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.(wish, were)但愿我的家乡四季如春。(事实上不可能) 3. I wish I were a bird.(wish, were)但愿我是只小鸟。(事实上不可能) 4. When she was at the party, she wished she were at home.(wished,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不在家) 5. Now that he is in China, he wishes he understood Chinese.(wishes,过去虚拟动词understood) 现在他在中国，他希望能懂得中文。(事实上并不懂) 6. When we begin the trip, they will wish they were with us.(will wish,过去虚拟动词were)(事实上并不和我们在一起)
一. 简介 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。 二. 应用条件 虚拟语气常在表示条件和结果的状语从句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时动词有三种时态：现在时，过去时，将来时，过去完成时，现在完成时。在条件句中的应用：条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。虚拟语气 在什么情况下用虚拟语气? 在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或表示某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。 三. 虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法 1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句 真eg . If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。( 真实条件状语)（不是虚拟语气）If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。（真实条件状语）（不是虚拟语气） 非真 eg. If I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你，我马上就会去。（非真实条件状语从句）If there were no air, people would die. 如果没有空气，人就会死亡。（非真实条件状语从句） 2、用法及动词形式 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：if+主语+过去时+其他+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他 例： 1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） 2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道） 3.If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 4.If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱） 5.If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：没有努力 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况if+主语+had done +其他+主语+should/would/could/might+have done+其他 例： 1. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了） 2.If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话） 3、表示对将来情况的主观推测①if+主语+were to do+sth.+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他②if+主语+did/be(were)+sth.+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他③if+主语+should+do+sth.+主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他
高考英语虚拟语气知识点经典测试题 一、选择题 1．The board thought it urgent that these files _____ right away. A．printed B．had been printed C．would been printed D．be printed 2．What do you think of the proposal that improvement ____ in the type of vacuum cleaner? A．be made B．will be made C．would be made D．has to be made 3．—Oh, dear. I’m really very busy now. —Would you rather that I to you about my experience at school? A．shouldn’t speak B．didn’t speak C．don’t speak D．won’t speak 4．louder, all the students would hear. A．If the teacher had spoken B．If the teacher will speak C．Had the teacher spoken D．If the teacher spoke 5．—What a pity! You missed my birthday party. —Terribly sorry!___________my uncle not visited me unexpectedly. A．Should B．Would C．Had D．Did 6．I strongly suggest that the information ____ in my report ____ to Mr Brown without delay. A．to be referred to; to be e-mailed B．referring to; e-mail C．referred to; be e-mailed D．being referred to; being e-mailed 7．—Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be complere ly ruined. —I wish they always late. A．weren’t B．hadn’t been C．wouldn’t be D．wouldn’t have been 8．It is time that we ________ a decision on how to approach this problem. A．make B．made C．to make D．will make 9．I ______ to you at that time, but I didn’t know where you lived. A．had written B．wrote C．would write D．would have written 10．It is recommended that the project ______ until all the preparations have been made. A．is not started B．will not be started C．not be started D．is not to be started 11．We require the thief _________ into prison. A．refers to being put B．referred to be put C．refer to being put D．referred should be put 12．_____, the student insisted that he _____ separated from his desk mate, who is very naughty. A．To avoid being affected; be B．To avoid to be affected; would be C．Avoid being affected; should be D．Avoiding to be affected; be 13．It’s high time that we against spreading false information on the Internet. A．will fight B．fought C．would fight D．fight 14．They demanded that the right to vote ___________ to every adult. A．was given B．was giving C．be giving D．be given 15．--- Are you happy now?
高考英语虚拟语气知识点真题汇编附答案解析 一、选择题 1．His suggestion that she ________ in his home suggested he ________ very warm-hearted. A．would stay; was B．stayed; be C．should stay; be D．stay; was 2．If penicillin available, many people from sickness or even small wounds in World WarⅡ. A．was not; would die B．were not; would have died C．had not been; would died D．had not been; would have died 3．What do you think of the proposal that improvement ____ in the type of vacuum cleaner? A．be made B．will be made C．would be made D．has to be made 4．—What a pity! You missed my birthday party. —Terribly sorry!___________my uncle not visited me unexpectedly. A．Should B．Would C．Had D．Did 5．—Where are the children? The dinner’s going to be complerely ruined. —I wish they always late. A．weren’t B．hadn’t been C．wouldn’t be D．wouldn’t have been 6．I ______ to you at that time, but I didn’t know where you lived. A．had written B．wrote C．would write D．would have written 7．It is recommended that the project ______ until all the preparations have been made. A．is not started B．will not be started C．not be started D．is not to be started 8．We require the thief _________ into prison. A．refers to being put B．referred to be put C．refer to being put D．referred should be put 9．Studies show that historical barriers on women acceptance in organizational environments, the development of the company would already be way ahead. A．were it not for B．if there being no C．hadn't it been for D．if it is not for 10．--- Are you happy now? --- If only I _____ slimmer, more beautiful, richer, more clever. A．am B．were C．had been D．should be 11．They both look as if they ______ ten years younger after a heart-to-heart talk. A．are B．were C．have been D．had been 12．-You came second in the running race. Congratulations! -Thanks. But practising more, I _______ a different result. A．might get B．may get C．may have got D．might have got 13．Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam _____ at the age of six months old. A．was B．be