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英语句型结构大全

英语句型结构大全
英语句型结构大全

英语句型大全手册-详尽版

1. 疑问句型

what is this?

结构︰问句:what+be 动词+this(that…)?

答句:this(that…)+be 动词+a book(pen…)。

说明︰此句型意为“这(那)是什么?这(那)是书(钢笔…)”。what(什么)叫做“疑问词”,用于询问“事物”,通常放在句首,后接 be <动词>,再接<主词>,第一个字母 w要大写,句尾要加问号(?),位置不可排错。

what is this? this is a chair. 这是什么?这是一张椅子。

what’s this? it’s a book.这是什么?它是一本书。

what is that? that is a desk. 那是什么?那是一张书桌。

what are these?

结构︰问句:what are+these/those…?

答句:these/those are+复数名词(+s/es)。

说明︰<主词>与<动词>的形式要一致,is 后面接单数<名词>,are 后面要接复数<名词>。 what are these? these are books.这些是什么?这些是书。 what are those? those are cups.那些是什么?那些是茶杯。

what are they? they are glasses.它们是什么?它们是玻璃杯。

what are you?

结构︰问句:what+be 动词+主词(人)…?

答句:主词+be 动词+a student…。

说明︰此句型意为“你是做什么事情的?我是学生…”。疑问词 what 除了询问事物之外,还可用于询问“人的职业或身分”。be <动词>随<人称代名词>的变化而改变形态,如:i am,we are,you are,he is…。 what are you? i am a student.你是做什么事情的?我是一名学生。

what is she? she is a teacher.她是做什么事情的?她是一名教师。

are you a ...?

结构︰问句:be 动词(am,are,is)+主词+…?

肯定简答:yes,主词+am(are,is)。

否定简答:no,主词+am(are,is)not。

说明︰在否定<简答句>中,<主词>和 am,is,are 可以缩写;在肯定<简答句>中则不可。 is he a student? yes, he is. (no, he isn’t.)他是学生吗?是的,他是。(不,他不是。) are you a teacher? yes, i am. (no, i’m not.) 你是教师吗?是的,我是。(不,我不是。) is that a clock? yes, it is. (no, it isn’t.) 那是钟表吗?是的,它是。(不,它不是。) what is your name?

结构︰问句:what+is+所有格+name?

答句:所有格+name+is+名字。

说明︰“my,your,his,her”为单数人称的<所有格>;<所有格>后面必接<名词>,即“<所有格>+<名词>”;<所有格>不可与 a,an,this,that,these 或 those 紧接一起使用。

what is your name? my name is sue.妳叫什么名字?我的名字叫苏。

what is his name? his name is john.他叫什么名字?他的名字叫约翰。

what is her name? her name is jean.她叫什么名字?她的名字叫珍。

who is that ...?

结构︰问句:who+be 动词+that+形容词+名词?

答句:that is+名字。

说明︰who 是<疑问代名词>,询问人的“姓名”或“关系”;将<形容词>直接放在<名词>前面,叫做“前位修饰”。 who is that short boy? that is bill.那位矮男孩是谁?那位是比尔。

who is that tall girl? that is mary.那位高女孩是谁?那位是玛丽。

who is that fat man? he is my uncle. 那位胖男子是谁?那位是我叔叔。

where is ...?

结构︰问句:where+be 动词(am,are,is)+主词…?

答句:主词+be 动词+in the+名词…。

说明︰问句是“where ...?”,简答时可用<副词词组>“in/on the+<名词>”。 where is sue? she is in her room.苏在那里?她在她的房间里。

where are your books? on the desk.你的书在那里?在书桌上。

where is your mother? she is in the kitchen.你妈吗在哪里?她在厨房里。

are you v-ing ...?

结构︰am(are,is)+主词+现在分词…?

说明︰此句型意为“<主词>(人,物)正在…吗?”。这一<句型>转换的三要素是:be <动词>移到句首;改为大写;句尾用问号。

is mary sleeping?玛丽正在睡觉吗?

are you reading a book?你正在看书吗?

is the dog playing?小狗正在玩耍吗?

what are you doing?

结构︰问句:what+am(are,is)+主词+现在分词?

答句:主词+am(are,is)+现在分词…。

说明︰“<主词>(人)正在做什么?<主词>(人)正在…”。注意:<祈使句>的动词只能用原形,不可造<现在进行式>;表示“瞬间产生”的动作的<动词词组>,如 sit down,stand up,不可造<现在进行式>。 what am i doing? you are reading a book.我正在做什么?你正在阅读一本书。

what are the girls doing? they are singing.姑娘们正在做什么?她们在唱歌。

what is bill writing? he is writing a letter.比尔在写什么?他在写一封信。

how old are you?

结构︰问句:how old+be 动词+主词(某人)?

答句:主词(某人)+be 动词+year(s) old。

说明︰此句型意为“某人几岁?某人是…岁”。该句型中,<疑问词>要用 how,不可用 what;且 be <动词>(am,is,are)要和后面的<主词>(某人)配合;答句中的“year(s) old”可以省略。

how old are you? i am twelve (years old).你几岁?我十二岁。

how old is your sister? she is thirteen years old.你的姊妹几岁?她十三岁。

how old is john? he is one year old. 约翰几岁?他一岁。

what time is it?

结构︰问句:what time is it?

答句:it is+数字+o’clock。

说明︰此句型意为“现在是几点钟?现在是…点钟”。问句中 what 当<形容词>,修饰后面的<名词> time;time 当时间解时,只能用单数,不可用复数。

what time is it? it is ten o’clock.现在是几点钟?现在是十点钟。

what time is it? it is six o’clock.现在是几点钟?现在是六点钟。

what time is it? it is nine o’clock.现在是几点钟?现在是九点钟。

do you + v ...?

结构︰问句:do/does+主词+原形动词…?

肯定简答:yes,主词+do/does。

否定简答:no,主词+don’t/doesn’t。

说明︰肯定句中,如有一般<动词>(speak,work,teach…),则在句首加<助动词> do 或 does,并将一般<动词>改为原形<动词>(不加s或es),即构成<疑问句>。

do you speak english? yes, i do. (no, i don’t.)

你讲英语吗?是的,我讲英语。(不,我不讲英语。)

does she have a cat? yes, she does. (no, she doesn’t.)

她有一只猫吗?是的,她有一只猫。(不,她没有一只猫。)

do they work in office? yes, they do. (no, they don’t.)

他们在办公室里工作吗?是的,他们在办公室里工作。(不,他们不在办公室里工作。) what time do you + v ...?

结构︰问句:what time+do/does+主词+原形动词…?

答句:主词(某人)+一般动词…+时间。

说明︰此句型意为“某人几点做某事?”<助动词> do 或 does 的选择依<主词>而定,若<主词>为第三人称单数,用 does;其它用 do。

what time do you get up? i usually get up at six. 你几点起床?我通常六点起床。 what time does he go to bed? he usually goes to bed at ten.他几点就寝?他通常十点就寝。 what time does your class begin? it begins at eight-ten.

你的课几点开始?八点十分开始。

what day is today?

结构︰问句:what day is today?

答句:it’s+sunday/monday/…。

说明︰此句型意为“今天是星期几?今天是星期日/星期一/…。”it 可用于指“星期的名称”,但 this或 that 不可以;一星期七天的名称,都是<专有名词>,开头的首字母要大写,前面不加<冠词>。

what day is today? it’s sunday.今天是星期几?今天是星期日。

what day is today? it’s wednesday.今天是星期几?今天是星期三。

what day is today? it’s saturday.今天是星期几?今天是星期六。

how many n are there ...

结构︰问句:how many+复数名词+are there in/on+名词?

答句:there is/are+单数(复数)名词+in/on+名词。

说明︰此句型意为“在某处有多少…?在某处有…。”该句型中,many 修饰复数<名词>;又因本句型是 <疑问句>,故用 are there,不可用 there are。

how many seasons are there in a year? there are four seasons in a year.

一年有几个季节?一年有四季。

how many days are there in a week? there are seven days in a week.

一星期有几天?一星期有七天。

how many lessons are there in this book? there are twelve lessons in this book.

这本书里有几课?这本书里有十二课。

how many ... do you have?

结构︰问句:how many+复数名词+do/does+主词+have?

答句:主词+have/has…+复数名词+…。

答句:主词+don’t/doesn’t have…+复数名词…。

说明︰“how many”后面接复数<可数名词>,复数<名词>的前面可用 many,a lot of,a few,some,few,any,no 等修饰。

how many books do you have? i have a lot of books. (i don’t have any books.) 你有几本书?我有许多书。(我没有书。)

how many sweaters do you have? i have three sweaters. (i don’t have any sweaters.) 你有几件毛衣?我有三件毛衣。(我没有毛衣。)

how many friends does she have? she has a lot of friends. (she doesn’t have many friends.) 她有几个朋友?她有许多朋友。(她没有许多朋友。)

how much ... do you have?

结构︰问句:how much+单数不可数名词+do/does+主词+have?

答句:主词+have/has…+单数不可数名词。

答句:主词+don’t/doesn’t have…+单数不可数名词。

说明︰“how much”后面接单数<不可数名词>,单数<不可数名词>前面可用 much, a little,some,little,any,no 等修饰。

how much tea does he have? he has a lot of tea. (he doesn’t have any tea.) 他有多少茶?他有很多茶。(他没有茶。)

how much homework do they have? they have a lot of homework. (they don’t have much homework.) 他们有多少家庭作业?他们有许多家庭作业。(他们没有许多家庭作业。) how much fruit do they have? they have a lot of fruit. (they don’t have a lot of fruit.) 他们有多少水果?他们有许多水果。(他们没有许多水果。)

how much do(es) ... cost?

结构︰how much do(es)+某物+cost…?

说明︰此句型意为“某物值多少钱?”。how much 用来询问商品的价格。还可以写作:“how much+ be <动词>+某物?。

how much do the movie tickets cost? 这些电影票值多少钱?

did ... v ...

结构︰did+主词+原形动词+…过去时间?

说明︰将肯定句中的过去式改为“did+原形<动词>”,并将 did 放在句首,句尾用问号,即构成过去式的<疑问句>。

did he clean the room yesterday? 他昨天打扫房间吗?

did she wash the skirt yesterday? 她昨天洗这裙子吗?

did your brother play in the park this morning? 你弟弟今天上午在公园玩耍吗? did he eat lunch yesterday? 他昨天吃午饭吗?

did you see any elephants in the zoo last week? 上星期你在动物园里看到大象了吗? did sue have her breakfast at eight? 苏在八点钟吃过早餐了吗?

do you ever + v ...?

结构︰问句:do/does+主词+ever+原形动词…?

答句:no,主词+never+一般动词(加s或es)…。

说明︰ever 通常用于<疑问句>,never 通常用于否定回答;never 也可放在句首,

后接原形 <动词>,形成否定<祈使句>,如例句4。

你曾经使用计算机吗?不,我未曾使用过计算机。

does tom ever get up late? no, tom never gets up late.

汤姆曾经晚起床吗?不,汤姆未曾晚起床过。

does sally ever play the piano? no, sally never plays the piano.

萨莉曾经弹钢琴吗?不,萨莉未曾弹过钢琴。

never be late for school, bill. 比尔,上学绝不可迟到。

what year was he born in?

结构︰what date/year+was/were+主词+born+on/in?

说明︰此句型意为“你出生于几月几日(那一年)?”。born 是<原形动词> bear 的过去<分词>,在文法上当

<形容词>,前面常有 was 或 were;中文说“某人出生”,英语应说:“某人+was /were born…”。 what year were you born in? 你出生于那一年?

what date was your mother born on? 你母亲出生于几月几日?

what month was your sister born in? 你妹妹出生于几月?

what will you do on ...?

结构︰what will/did+主词+do+on+时间?

说明︰此句型意为“某人在某时间将做什么?(未来式)某人在某时做了什么事?(过去式)”。指特定的日期(如几月几日)、星期几或星期几的早上(下午,晚上),要用介系词on。

what will you do on teacher’s day? 你在教师节将做什么事?

what will they do on christmas eve? 他们在圣诞夜将做什么事?

what will helen do on her birthday? 海伦在她生日那天将做什么事?

what did john do on new year’s day? 约翰在元旦做了什么事?

what did mary do on youth day? 玛丽在青年节做了什么事?

what did the suspect do on july ninth? 嫌疑犯在七月九日做了什么事情?

how do you + v ...?

结构︰问句:how+do+主词+一般动词…?

答句:主词+一般动词…+情状副词。

说明︰how 是问情况的<疑问副词>,表示“怎样…?”。用于说明“状态或性质”的副词,称为 <情状副词>。当用来修饰<不及物动词>时,<情状副词>位于其后;当用来修饰<及物动词>时,<情状动词>位于<及物动词>的前面或后面。

how did you do your work? i did my work happily.

你怎样做你的工作?我很快乐地做了我的工作。

how did mrs. lin look at mr. lin? she looked at mr. lin coldly.

林太太怎样注视林先生?她冷漠地注视林先生。

how does mr. wang drive his taxi? he drives his taxi carefully.

王先生怎样驾驶他的出租车?他小心地驾驶他的出租车。

you are ..., aren’t you?

结构︰肯定句,+否定式助动词+主词?

说明︰这是一种反意<疑问句>,其结构特点是:第一部分是肯定式,第二部分就用否定式。直述句的<主词>是<名词>时,附加问句的<主词>要用<代名词>代替:it 代替 this, that,<不定词>(当<主词>)或<动名词

>(当<主词>)等;they 代替 these,those, people 等。下列<助动词>的否定缩写式较易弄错:will not->won’t;would not-> wouldn’t;should not ->shouldn’t;can not->can’t;could not->couldn’t; might not->mightn’t;ought not->oughtn’t。直述句有一般<动词>现在式,则附加问句用 do 或 does 代替;有一般<动词>过去式,则附加问句用 did 代替。

they’re ready, aren’t they?(读降调)他们准备好了吧?(读升调)他们准备好了,不是吗? mike has a car, doesn’t he?(读降调)麦克有辆车,是吧?(读升调)麦克有辆车,不是吗? the secretary typed the letter, didn’t she?是秘书打了这封信,不是吗?

they will go to europe, won’t they?他们将去欧洲,不是吗?

you are the teacher, aren’t you?你就是老师,不是吗?

i suppose you have been in our woods, haven’t you?我推想你在我们的森林里呆过,不是吗? i know he had a good time last night, didn’t he? 我知道他昨天晚上玩得很愉快,不是吗? the wall plug is broken, isn’t it?墙上的插座坏了,不是吗?

clean parks are beautiful, aren’t they? 干净的公园是美丽的,不是吗?

you can do it, can’t you? 你会做它,不是吗?

we should rise early, shouldn’t we?我们应该早起,不是吗?

he isn’t ..., is he?

结构︰否定句,+肯定式助动词+主词?

说明︰这是另一种反意<疑问句>。否定结构在第一部分,第二部分就要用肯定结构。对反意<疑问句>的回答篇二:英语常用基本句式和句型结构

英语常用基本句式和句型结构

【要点归纳】

▲英语句式绝大多数以s+v(主语+谓语)结构为核心架构。英语是sv型语言。即以s+v(主语+谓语)结构为主干,以谓语动词为核心。

▲一般来说,一个英语句子若没有谓语动词(实义动词或系动词),这个句子一定是错误的。

▲英语句子的谓语只能由动词来充当,动词在英语句子中如果不充当谓语就必须用非谓语形式(动名词、不定式或分词)。但汉语句子的谓语既可以是动词,也可以是形容词、名词等。

如:the prices are stable and the market is flourishing.

to study english is not easy.

study english not easy. (×)

▲汉语句法的显著特点是“动词连用”,动词不需要形态变化,便可以按时间和动作发生先后顺序和情节发展连续使用几个动词。一个英语句子,除并列谓语的情形外,只能出现一个谓语,否则须用其他手段处理:

★变为非谓语形式

★连词连接﹛并列连词(并列谓语;并列句)

★从属连词→引出从句

★用名词或介词来表示

▲汉语“动词连用”有两类,一类是由一个主语发出的连续几个动作,叫连动式;一类是由谓语的两个动作,前一个动词的宾语是后一个动词的主语,即两个动词不是由一个主语发出的,称作兼语式。请看:

一)连动式

英语中没有汉语这种连动式,表达先后关系的几个动词,可用and连接或用分词结构。如:

我打开门走进来。

i opened the door and came in. (opening the door, i came in.)

二)兼语式

如:“他请我到他家来做客。”“我”是“请”的宾语,又是“到他家来做客”的主语。也就是说“我”身兼两职。英语句式表达汉语兼语式有以下几种方式:

1) 将兼语式的第二个动词转化为英语的宾语补足语,常用不定式,有时用不带to的不定式,或分词,副词,形容词,名词,介词结构等。对于第一个动词,汉语中常用的动词有“使”、“叫”、“请求”、“让”、“迫使”、“导致”、“要求”、“命令”、“促进”、“鼓励”等,在英语中均有对应的动词(make, ask, beg, have, force, cause, demand, order, help, encourage等)。如:

he invited me to dinner in his house.

▲在sv总句式基础上,根据谓语动词的类型不同,可总结出下五大句型:[s1]

⑴主语+系动词+表语she seems kind.

a.the soup is delicious. (形容词作表语)

b.helen became an electrical engineer. (名词作表语)

c.he is in good health. (介词短语作表语)

d.the story is interesting. (现在分词作表语)

⑵主语+不及物动词 he changed a lot.

a.the moon shines brightly. (一般现在时)

b.the car won’t go. (一般将来时)

c.the child behaved badly at the party. (主语+不及物动词+程度状语+地点状语)

d.production declined 6% last month. (一般过去式)

e.they will fly to london. (主语+不及物动词+地点状语)

⑶主语+及物动词+宾语 we love our country.

a.we visited our friends. (名词作宾语)

b.i am considering going abroad. (动名词作宾语)

c.he can not afford to take a taxi. (动词不定式作宾语)

d.he caught her by the arm. (动词+宾语+介词短语作方式状语)

⑷主语+及物动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)

或主语+及物动词+直接宾语(物)+to +间接宾语(人)

+for+间接宾语(人)

he gave me a present. (he gave a present to me.)

a.he often tells the children interesting stories.

b.he assigned jack the toughest job.

c.i paid the repairman 50 dollars.

d.he sent some flowers to his girlfriend.

e.my mother made a new dress for my sister.

f. ill tell you what ive been thinkin

g. (宾语从句)

g.i assure you that this medicine will help you. (宾语从句)

h. youve got to promise me that you wont do that again.(主及宾结构+不定连接+主及宾宾)

⑸ [/url]主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 i found the book interesting.[s2]

a.his writing has made him a well-known public figure. (名词作宾补)

b.they found the book easy. (形容词作宾补)

c.i can see two ships in the harbor. (介词短语作宾补)

d.he kept me waiting too long. (现在分词作宾补)

e.i have my hair cut every month. (过去分词作宾补)

f. they wanted him to study abroad. (动词不定式作宾补)

g.will you tell me how to do it?

h. we advised her which course to take.

[s1]

五种基本句型歌英语句子万万千,

五大句型把线牵。句型种类为动词,

后接什么是关键;系词后面接表语;

vi独身无牵连; vt又可分三类,

单宾双宾最常见,还有宾语补足语;

[s2]

1. jim finds his job a challenge.[宾补为n.]

2. i found the movie interesting.[宾补为adj.]

3. why did you leave the light on?[宾补为adv.]

4. we found her in tears.[宾补为介词短语]

5. they encouraged her to try again.[宾补为不定式]

6. my mother told me not to worry.[宾补为不定式]

7. we heard someone knocking on the door.[宾补为v-ing]

8. do you smell something burning?[宾补为v-ing]

10. you should make yourself understood.[宾补为v-ed]篇三:英语句型大全

1.s(主) + vi(不及物动词)(谓)

time flies.

1) s + v + adverbial(状语)

birds sing beautifully.

2) s + vi+ prep phrase(介词短语)

he went on holiday.

3) s + vi+ infinitive (不定式)

we stopped to have a rest.

4) s + vi+ participle (分词)

ill go swimming.

2. s (主)+ vt (及物动词)(谓)+ o(宾)

we like english.

1) s + vt + n/pron

i like music.

i like her.

i want to help him.

常用于这句型的动词有:attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish等。

3) s + vt + wh-word + infinitive

i dont know what to do.

常用于这句型的动词有:ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn, observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等。

4) s + vt + gerund

i enjoy living here.

常用于这句型的动词有:admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, cant help等。

5) s + vt + that-clause

i dont think (that) he is right.

3. s (主)+ v(谓)(lv)( 系动词)+ p(表)

we are chinese.

1) s + lv + n/pron(名词/代词)

he is a boy.

this is mine.

2) s + lv + adj(形容词)

she is beautiful.

3) s + lv + adv (副词)

class is over.

4) s + lv + prep phrase

he is in good health.

5) s + lv + participle(分词)

he is excited.

the film is interesting.

4. s (主)+ vt (谓)+ in o(间接宾)

i give you help.

1) s + vt + n/pron + n (直接宾) + d o

i sent him a book.

i bought may a book.

2) s + vt + n/pron + to/for-phrase

he sent a book to me.

he bought a coat for me.

间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有:allow, bring, deny, do(带来), give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。

间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有:bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏),save, sing, spare等。

5. s (主)+ vt(谓)+ o(宾) + o c(宾补)

i make you clear.

1) s + vt + n/pron + n

we named our baby tom.

常用于这句型的动词有:appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate(命名)。

2) s + vt + n/pron + adj

he painted the wall white.

常用于这句型的动词有:beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn, want, wash, wipe, wish等。

3) s + vt + n/pron + prep phrase

she always keeps everything in good order.

4) s + vt + n/pron + infinitive

i wish you to stay.

i made him work

5) s + vt + n/pron + participle (分词)

i heard my name called.

i feel something moving.

常用于这句型的动词有:catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice, observe, perceive, see, set, smell, start, watch等。

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