口译笔译分类词汇(07)--世贸组织词汇

International Trade1.China Import & Export Community Fair中国进出口商业交易会2.GA TT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)关贸总协定3.WTO4.ELM (APEC Economic Leaders Meeting)世界贸易组织5.IMF (International Monetary Fund)国际货币基金组织6.MFN (Most –favored- nation) (Treatment)最会国地位（待遇）7.grant the national treatment to实行国民待遇8.Dispute Settlement Body争端解决机构9.Free Trade Area自由贸易区10.Integration process一体化进程11.export-oriented industry出口创汇型产业12.anti-dumping measures反倾销措施13.quota-free products非配额产品14.balance of international payments国际收支平衡15.restraint of trade贸易管制16.to expand domestic demand 扩大内需17.GNP (Gross National Product )18.GDP19.per capita GNP人均国民生产总值modity economy商品经济21.primary / secondary/ tertiary industry第一产业22.foreign-funded enterprises外资企业23.joint venture合资企业24.cooperative enterprise合作企业25.wholly foreign owned/funded enterprises独资企业26.flagship product龙头产品27.market access市场准入28.China’s accession to the WTO中国加入世贸组织29.to exert wide and far-reaching impact 产生广泛深远的影响30.MOFTEC （the Ministry of Foreign Trade andEconomic Cooperation）对外贸易经济合作部31.the International Chamber of Commerce国际商会32.the China Import and Export Bank中国进出口银行33.to enact / Promulgate the Foreign Trade Law制定/颁布《外贸法》34.to implement the strategy of diversifying the market贯彻市场多元化的战略35.“attracting foreign investment” and “going global”“引进来”和“走出去”36.to optimize the market structure优化市场结构37.to enhance the export capacity/ capability扩大出口能力38.integration of industry with trade工贸结合39.strengthen the competitiveness of our products加强产品竞争力40.to propel the industrialization and commercialization 促进产业化和商品化41.to develop a full-dimensional export- oriented economy发展全方位的外向型经济42.in conformity with the international practices遵照国际惯例43.to explore overseas markets开拓国际市场44.honoring contract, guaranteeing quality, seekingmoderate profit and valuing friendship守约、保质、薄利、重义45.to face the challenges squarely正视挑战46.to turn pressure into a motive force变压力为动力47.ability to withstand risks抵御风险的能力48.to provide preferential treatment提供优惠待遇49.the director-general of the WTO世贸组织总干事50.chief negotiator首席谈判代表51.to take a harsh line on China对中国采取强硬立场52.to avert/ avoid a trade war避免发生贸易战53.to take/ adopt resolute/ retaliatory measures采取果断/报复性措施54.to reserve/ retain the right to…保留…的权利55.to adopt a pragmatic/ cooperative attitude采取务实态度56.to proceed from the actual situation of respectivecountries立足本国国情57.to erect trade barriers是指贸易壁垒58.to raise tariff rates提高关税税率59.to impose/ collect value-added taxes征收增值税60.to remove the artificially imposed obstacles消除人为障碍61.to cancel export subsidies取消出口补贴petitive bidding竞标bor service contract劳务合同64.processing charges/ fees加工费65.to reduce inventory 减少库存积压66.supply exceeding demand供过于求67.to submit a portion of one’s foreign exchange income tothe state向国家上交一部分外汇收入68.foreign exchange reserves外汇储备69.the market-adjusted rates市场调节价70.offset/compensation trade补偿贸易71.post/ after-sale service售后服务72.the balance of revenue and expenditure 收支平衡73.export/ import surplus出超/入超74.trade surplus/ deficit贸易顺差/贸易逆差75.to deal in futures经营期货76.to mount attack on producers of counterfeit products打假77.price list价格单78.price inquires <> quotation询价<.>报价79.wholesale price <> retail price批发/零售价80.letter of intent意向书81.to make / strike a deal成交82.date of delivery交货日期83.consignor <> consignee发货人<>收货人84.fright rate运费85.down payment定金86.payment by installments 分期付款87.cash settlement 现金结算88.cash on delivery (C.O.D.) delivery against payment付款交货89.to pay by the L/C (Letter of Credit)信用证结算90.C.I.F. (Cost, Insurance and Fright)到岸价91.Free on Board (F.O.B.) 离岸价（不含运费，保险费）92.FAS (Free Alongside Ship)船边交货价（装船级有关费用由卖主负责）93.to break/ breach a contact违约94.to honor a contract <> to dishonor/ tear up a contract95.premium保险费96.IDD/ DDD( International / domestic direct dial)97.the China Ocean Shipping company中国远洋运输公司98.APEC (Asia –Pacific Economic Cooperation)亚太经合。

……除非已制定或执行一份正式的协议书及于此及在以前。
8. The arbitral award is final and binding upon both parties. 仲裁裁决是终局的，对双方均具有约束力。
9. …unless otherwise agreed in writing between the parties hereto.
世界贸易组织 WTO (World Trade Organization) 乌拉圭回合 Uruguay Round 最惠国待遇（现通常称"正常贸易关系"） MFN
（most-favored-nation) treatment 争端解决机构 dispute settlement body 《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》 DSU
……除本合同双方另有书面协议外。
10. without prejudice to other rights and obligations under GATT 1994 …
……在不损害 GATT 1994 项下其他权利和义务的情况下
11. The domestic support and export subsidy commitments in Part IV of each Member’ s Schedule constitute commitments limiting subsidization and are hereby made an integral part of GATT 1994.
译文：China is one of 30 governments currently seeking accession to the World Trade Organization. Like many of the countries now applying for WTO membership, China is in the process of implementing economic reforms and transforming its economy into one which is more market-based. China’s accession process to the WTO has been guided by a Working Party whose membership consists of all interested WTO member governments. Initially, the Working Party on China’s status was established under GATT in 1987 and concerned only China’s trade regime for goods.

汉英口译分类词汇（08）--世贸组织词汇（补贴协议）可诉补贴Actionable subsidy(纺织品与服装、农产品)一体化进程Integration process （服务贸易）境外消费Consumption abroad（服务贸易）跨境交付Cross border supply（服务贸易）商业存在Commercial presence(服务贸易)自然人 natural person(服务贸易)自然人流动Presence of natural person (解决争端)被诉方Defendant （解决争端）调查结果Findings(解决争端)上诉Appeal (解决争端)申诉方Complaint (利益的)丧失和减损Nullification and impairment(农产品)国内支持Domestic support（农产品）综合支持量AMS (Aggregate Measurement of Support)（农产品国内支持）黄箱措施Amber Box measures（农产品国内支持）蓝箱措施BOP(Balance-of-payments) Provisions（农产品国内支持）绿箱措施Green Box measures(农业)多功能性Multifunctionality（欧盟）共同农业政策Common Agriculture Policy(争端解决)专家组Panel （知识产权）地理标识Geographical indications 《巴黎公约》(关于保护工业知识产权的公约)Paris Convention《巴塞尔公约》（有关危险废弃物的多边环境协定）Basel Convention《北美自由贸易协定》NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)《濒危物种国际贸易公约》Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species 《伯尔尼公约》（有关保护文学和艺术作品版权的公约）Berne Convention 《多种纤维协定》MFA (Multifibre Agreement)《纺织品与服装协议》ATC (Agreement on Textiles and Clothing)《服务贸易总协定》GATS (General Agreement on Trade in Services)《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》DSU(Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes)《京都议定书》 Kyoto Protocol《里斯本条约》（有关地理标识及其国际注册）Lisbon Agreement《蒙特利尔议定书》(有关保护大气臭氧层的多边环境协定)Montreal Protocol《农产品协议》特殊保障SSG (Special Safeguard)《农业协议》中关于反补贴的和平条款Peace clause《生物多样性公约》CBD(Convention onBiological Diversity)《信息技术协议》ITA (Information Technology Agreement)WTO最不发达国家高级别会议HLM (WTO High-level Meeting for LDCs)北美自由贸易区 NAFTA (North American Free Trade Area) 采取措施后Ex post采取措施前Ex ante产品生命周期分析LCA (Life Cycle Analysis) 出口补贴Export subsidy出口实绩Export performance 垂直兼并 vertical merger当地含量Local content电子商务 Electronic Commerce东部和南部非洲共同市场COMESA (Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa) 东盟自由贸易区ASEAN Free Trade Area动植物卫生检疫措施SPS (Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standard )反补贴税Countervailing duty 反倾销措施 anti-dumping measures against…反向通知Counter-notification非配额产品 quota-freeproducts非生产性投资 investment in non-productive projects非洲、加勒比和太平洋国家集团（洛美协定）ACP(African, Caribbean and Pacific Group) 风险管理/评估 risk management/ assessment关贸总协定，世界贸易组织的前身 GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)规避Circumvention国际标准化组织ISO (International Organization for Standardization)国际纺织品服装局ITCB (International Textile and Clothing Bureau)国际货币基金组织IMF (International Monetary Fund)国际劳工组织ILO (International Labor Organization)国际贸易中心ITC (International Trade Center)国际贸易组织ITO (International Trade Organization)国际贸易组织临时委员会ICITO (Interim Commission for the International Trade Organization)国际清算 international settlement国际收支 balance of international payments/ balance of payment国际收支条款BOP(Balance-of-payments) Provisions国际兽疫组织International Office of Epizootics国民待遇National treatment 国内补贴Domestic subsidy国内生产Domestic production 海关估价Customs valuation 海关完税价值Customs value 横向兼并 horizontal merger 环保型技术EST(Environmentally-sound technology)灰色区域措施Grey area measures货币留成制度Currency retention scheme货币贸易理事会CTG(Council for Trade in Goods) 基础税率Base tariff level 既定日程Built-in agenda交叉报复Cross retaliation 进口差价税Import variable duties进口附加税Import surcharge 进口环节税 import linkage tax进口渗透Import penetration 进口替代Import substitution 进口许可Import licensing进口押金Import deposits经济合作与发展组织OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)垃圾融资 junk financing联合国环境署UNEP (United Nations Environment Program)联合国开发计划署UNDP (United Nations Development Program)联合国粮农组织FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United States)联合国贸易与发展会议UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) 粮食安全Food security慢性萧条 chronic depression 贸易和投资自由化和便利化TILF (Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation)贸易与发展委员会Committee on Trade and Development贸易与环境委员会Committee on Trade and Environment模式Modalities 南方共同市场（或称南锥体共同市场）MERCOSUR (Southern Common Market)南亚区域合作联盟SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional cooperation)欧洲自由贸易联盟EFTA (European Free Trade Association)配额调整条款modulation of quota clause瓶颈制约 'bottleneck' restrictions全球配额 global quota上诉机构Appeal body申报制度 reporting system; income declaration system 生产补贴Production subsidy 实行国民待遇 grant the national treatment to实质损害Material injury食品法典委员会 CAC(Codex Alimentaries Commission) 世界海关组织WCO (World Customs Organization)世界贸易组织WTO (World Trade Organization)世界知识产权组织WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization)市场准人的行政管理措施AAMA (Administrative Aspects of Market Access) 市场准入Market access通知义务Notification obligation同类产品Like product乌拉圭回合Uruguay Round消费膨胀 inflated consumption 协调制度（商品名称及编码协调制度）HS (Harmonized Commodity and Coding System) 新议题New issues许可费License fee有秩序的市场安排Orderly market arrangements约束水平Bound level争端解决机构Dispute Settlement Body政府采购 Government procurement知识产权IPRs (Intellectual property rights)直接支付Direct payment诸边协议 Plurilateral agreement专门的营销机构Market boards 转基因生物GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms)祖父条款 grandfather clause 最不发达国家LDCs(Least-developed countries) 最初谈判权(初谈权) INRs (Initial Negotiating Rights)最惠国待遇（现通常称'正常贸易关系'）MFN（most-favored-nation) treatment最惠国贸易地位(待遇)MFN (Most-favored-nation)(Trea tment)WTO术语英文解释GeneralGATT — General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, which has been superseded as an international organization by the WTO. An updated General Agreement is now one of the WTO’s agreements.GATT 1947 — The old (pre-1994) version of the GATT.GATT 1994 — The new version of the General Agreement, incorporated into the WTO, which governs trade in goods.Members — WTO governments (first letter capitalized, in WTO style).MFN —Most-favoured-nation treatment (GATT Article I, GATS Article II and TRIPS Article 4), the principle of not discriminating between one’s trading partners.national treatment — The principle of giving others the same treatment as one’s own nationals. GATT Article III requires that imports be treated no less favourably than the same or similar domestically-produced goods once they have passed customs. GATS Article XVII and TRIPS Article 3 also deal with national treatment for services and intellectual property protection.TPRB, TPRM — The Trade Policy Review Body is General Council operating under special procedures for meetings to review trade policies and practices of individual WTO members under the TradePolicy Review Mechanism.transparency — Degree to which trade policies and practices, and the process by which they are established, are open and predictable. Uruguay Round — Multilateral trade negotiations launched at Punta del Este, Uruguay in September 1986 and concluded in Geneva in December 1993. Signed by Ministers in Marrakesh, Morocco, in April 1994. Tariffsbinding, bound —see “tariff binding”electronic commerce — The production, advertising, sale and distribution of products viatelecommunications networks.free-rider — A casual term used to infer that a country which does not make any trade concessions, profits, nonetheless, from tariff cuts and concessions made by other countries in negotiations under themost-favoured-nation principle. Harmonized System — An international nomenclature developed by the World Customs Organization, which is arranged in six digit codes allowing all participating countries to classify traded goods on a common basis. Beyond the six digit level, countries are free to introduce national distinctions for tariffs and many other purposes.ITA —Information Technology Agreement, or formally the Ministerial-Declaration on Trade in Information Technology Products, under which participants will remove tariffs on IT products by the year 2000. ITA II — Negotiations aimed at expanding ITA’s product coverage.nuisance tariff — Tariff so low that it costs the government more to collect it than the revenue it generates.schedule of concessions — List of bound tariff rates.tariff binding —Commitment not to increase a rate of duty beyond an agreed level. Oncea rate of duty is bound, it may not be raised without compensating the affected parties. tariff escalation —Higher import duties on semi-processed products than on raw materials, and higher still on finished products. This practice protects domestic processing industries and discourages the development of processing activity in the countries where raw materials originate. tariff peaks — Relatively high tariffs, usually on “sensitive” products, amidst generally low tariff levels. For industrialized countries, tariffs of 15% and above are generally recognized as “tariff peaks”.tariffs — Customs duties on merchandise imports. Levied either on an ad valorem basis (percentage of value) or on a specific basis (e.g. $7 per 100 kgs.). Tariffs give price advantage to similar locally-produced goods and raise revenues for the government. WCO — World Customs Organization, a multilateral body located in Brussels through which participating countries seek to simplify and rationalize customs procedures.Non-tariff measuresanti-dumping duties —Article VI of the GATT 1994 permits the imposition of anti-dumping duties against dumped goods, equal to the difference between their export price and their normal value, if dumping causes injury to producers of competing products in the importing country.circumvention —Measures taken by exporters to evade anti-dumping or countervailing duties.countervailing measures — Action taken by the importing country, usually in the form of increased duties to offset subsidies given to producers or exporters in the exporting country.dumping —Occurs when goods are exported at a price less than their normal value, generally meaning they are exported for less than they are sold in the domestic market or third-country markets, or at less than production cost.NTMs —Non-tariff measures such as quotas, import licensing systems, sanitary regulations, prohibitions, etc.price undertaking — Undertaking by an exporter to raise the export price of the product to avoid the possibility of ananti-dumping duty.PSI — Preshipment inspection — the practice of employing specialized private companies to check shipment details of goods ordered overseas — i.e. price, quantity, quality, etc.QRs —Quantitative restrictions —specific limits on the quantity or value of goods that can be imported (or exported) during a specific time period. rules of origin —Laws, regulations and administrative procedures which determine a product’s country of origin. A decision by a customs authority on origin can determine whether a shipment falls within a quota limitation, qualifies for a tariff preference or is affected by an anti-dumping duty. These rules can vary from country to country.safeguard measures — Action taken to protect a specific industry from an unexpected build-up ofimports — governed by Article XIX of the GATT 1994.subsidy — There are two general types ofsubsidies: export and domestic. An exportsubsidy is a benefit conferred on a firm by the government that is contingent on exports.A domestic subsidy is a benefit not directly linked to exports.tariffication —Procedures relating to the agricultural market-access provision in which all non-tariff measures are converted into tariffs.trade facilitation —Removing obstacles to the movement of goods across borders (e.g. simplification of customs procedures). VRA, VER, OMA — Voluntary restraint arrangement, voluntary export restraint, orderly marketing arrangement. Bilateral arrangements whereby an exporting country (government or industry) agrees to reduce or restrict exports without the importing country having to make use of quotas, tariffs or other import controls.Textiles and clothingATC — The WTO Agreement on Textiles and Clothing which integrates trade in this sector back to GATT rules within a ten-year period.carry forward — When an exporting country uses part of the following year’s quota during the current year.carry over — When an exporting country utilizes the previous year’s unutilized quota.circumvention — Avoiding quotas and other restrictions by altering the country of origin of a product.CTG —Council for Trade in Goods —oversees WTO agreements on goods, including the ATC. integration programme —The phasing out of MFA restrictions in four stages starting on 1 January 1995 and ending on 1 January 2005.ITCB —International Textiles and Clothing Bureau — Geneva-based group of some 20 developing country exporters of textiles and clothing.MFA — Multifibre Arrangement (1974-94) under which countries whose markets are disrupted by increased imports of textiles and clothing from another country were able to negotiate quota restrictions.swing —When an exporting country transfers part of a quota from one product to another restrained product.TMB — The Textiles Monitoring Body, consisting of a chairman plus ten members acting in a personal capacity, oversees the implementation of ATC commitments. transitional safeguard mechanism — Allows members to impose restrictions against individual exporting countries if the importing country can show that both overall imports of a product and imports from the individual countries are entering the country in such increased quantities as to cause —or threaten —serious damage to the relevant domestic industry.Agriculture/SPSAgenda 2000 —EC’s financial reform plans for 2000–06 aimed at strengthening the union with a view to receiving new members. Includes reform of the CAP (see below). border protection —Any measure which acts to restrain imports at point of entry. BSE —Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, or “mad cow disease”.box —Category of domestic support. —Green box: supports considered not to distort trade and therefore permitted with no limits.— Blue box: permitted supports linked to production, but subject to production limits and therefore minimally trade-distorting. —Amber box: supports considered to distort trade and therefore subject to reduction commitments.Cairns Group — Group of agricultural exporting nations lobbying for agricultural trade liberalization. It was formed in 1986 in Cairns, Australia just before the beginning of the Uruguay Round. Current membership: Argentina, Australia, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Indonesia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Paraguay, Philippines, South Africa, Thailand and Uruguay.CAP — Common Agricultural Policy — The EU’s comprehensive system of production targets and marketing mechanisms designed to manage agricultural trade within the EU and with the rest of the world.Codex Alimentarius — FAO/WHO commission that deals with international standards on food safety.distortion —When prices and production are higher or lower than levels that would usually exist in a competitive market. deficiency payment —Paid by governments to producers of certain commodities and based on the difference between a target price and the domestic market price or loan rate, whichever is the less.EEP — Export enhancement programme —programme of US export subsidies given generally to compete with subsidized agricultural exports from the EU on certain export markets.food security — Concept which discourages opening the domestic market to foreign agricultural products on the principle that a country must be as self-sufficient as possible for its basic dietary needs. internal support —Encompasses any measure which acts to maintain producer prices at levels above those prevailing in international trade; direct payments to producers, including deficiency payments, and input and marketing cost reduction measures available only for agricultural production.International Office of Epizootics —Deals with international standards concerning animal health.multifunctionality —Idea that agriculture has many functions in addition to producing food and fibre, e.g. environmental protection, landscape preservation, rural employment, etc. See non-trade concerns. non-trade concerns — Similar to multifunctionality. The preamble of the Agriculture Agreement specifies food security and environmental protection as examples. Also cited by members are rural development and employment, and poverty alleviation.peace clause — Provision in Article 13 of the Agriculture Agreement says agricultural subsidies committed under the agreement cannot be challenged under other WTO agreements, in particular the Subsidies Agreement and GATT. Expires at the end of 2003.reform process/program —The Uruguay Round Agriculture Agreement starts a reform process. It sets out a first step, in the process, i.e. a program for reducing subsidies and protection and other reforms. Current negotiations launched under Article20 are for continuing the reform process. SPS regulations — Sanitary and Phytosanitary regulations — government standards to protect human, animal and plant life and health, to help ensure that food is safe for consumption.variable levy — Customs duty rate which varies in response to domestic price criterion.Intellectual propertyBerne Convention —Treaty, administered by WIPO, for the protection of the rights of authors in their literary and artistic works.CBD — Convention on Biological Diversity. compulsory licensing — For patents: when the authorities license companies or individuals other than the patent owner to use the rights of the patent —to make, use, sell or import a product under patent (i.e.a patented product or a product made by a patented process) —without the permission of the patent owner. Allowed under the TRIPS Agreement provided certain procedures and conditions are fulfilled. See also government use.counterfeit — Unauthorized representation of a registered trademark carried on goods identical or similar to goods for which the trademark is registered, with a view to deceiving the purchaser into believing that he/she is buying the original goods. exhaustion — The principle that once a product has been sold on a market, the intellectual property owner no longer has any rights over it. (A debate among WTO member governments is whether this applies to products put on the market under compulsory licences.) Countries’ laws vary as to whether the right continues to be exhausted if the product is imported from one market into another, which affects the owner’s rights over trade in the protected product. See also parallel imports. geographical indications —Place names (or words associated with a place) used to identify products (for example, “Champagne”, “Tequila” or “Roquefort”) which have a particular quality, reputation or other characteristic because they come from that placegovernment use — For patents: when the government itself uses or authorizes other persons to use the rights over a patented product or process, for government purposes, without the permission of the patent owner. See also compulsory licensing.intellectual property rights —Ownership of ideas, including literary and artistic works (protected by copyright), inventions (protected by patents), signs for distinguishing goods of an enterprise (protected by trademarks) and other elements of industrial property.IPRs — Intellectual property rights. Lisbon Agreement —Treaty, administered by WIPO, for the protection of geographical indications and their international registration.Madrid Agreement —Treaty, administered by WIPO, for the repression of false or deceptive indications of source on goods. mailbox — Refers to the requirement of the TRIPS Agreement applying to WTO members which do not yet provide product patent protection for pharmaceuticals and for agricultural chemicals. Since 1 January 1995, when the WTO agreements entered into force,these countries have to establish a means by which applications of patents for these products can be filed. (An additional requirement says they must also put in place a system for granting “exclusive marketing rights” for the products whose patent applications have been filed.)parallel imports — When a product made legally (i.e. not pirated) abroad is imported without the permission of the intellectual property right-holder (e.g. the trademark or patent owner). Some countries allow this, others do not.Paris Convention —Treaty, administered by WIPO, for the protection of industrial intellectual property, i.e. patents,utility models, industrial designs, etc. piracy —Unauthorized copying of materials protected by intellectual property rights (such as copyright, trademarks, patents, geographical indications, etc) for commercial purposes and unauthorized commercial dealing in copied materials. Rome Convention — Treaty, administered by WIPO, UNESCO and ILO, for the protection of the works of performers, broadcasting organizations and producers of phonograms. TRIPS — Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights.UPOV — International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants Washington Treaty — Treaty for the protection of intellectual property in respect of lay-out designs of integrated circuits.WIPO — World Intellectual Property Organization.Investmentexport-performance measure — Requirement that a certain quantity of production must be exported.FDI — Foreign direct investment.local-content measure — Requirement that the investor purchase a certain amount of local materials for incorporation in the investor’s product.product-mandating — Requirement that the investor export to certain countries or region.trade-balancing measure —Requirement that the investor use earnings from exports to pay for imports.TRIMS —Trade-related investment measures. Dispute settlementAppellate Body — An independentseven-person body that, upon request by one or more parties to the dispute, reviews findings in panel reports.automaticity —The “automatic” chronological progression for settling trade disputes in regard to panel establishment, terms of reference, composition and adoption procedures.DSB — Dispute Settlement Body — when the WTO General Council meets to settle trade disputes.DSU — The Uruguay Round Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes.nullification and impairment — Damage to a country’s benefits and expectations from its WTO membership through another country’s change in its trade regime or failure to carry out its WTOobligations.panel — Consisting of three experts, this independent body is established by the DSBto examine and issue recommendations on a particular dispute in the light of WTO provisions.Servicesaccounting rate — In telecoms, the charge made by one country’s telephon e network operator for calls originating in another country.commercial presence — Having an office, branch, or subsidiary in a foreign country. GATS —The WTO’s General Agreement on Trade in Services.general obligations — Obligations which should be applied to all services sector at the entry into force of the agreement. Initial commitments — Trade liberalizing commitments in services which members are prepared to make early on.modes of delivery —How international trade in services is supplied and consumed. Mode 1: cross border supply; mode 2: consumption abroad; mode 3: foreign commercial presence; and mode 4: movement of natural persons. multi-modal — Transportation using more than one mode. In the GATS negotiations, essentially door-to-door services that include international shipping.national schedules — The equivalent of tariff schedules in GATT, laying down the commitmentsaccepted — voluntarily or through negotiation — by WTO members.natural persons —People, as distinct from juridical persons such as companies and organizations.offer —A country’s proposal for further liberalization.protocols —Additional agreements attached to the GATS. The Second Protocol deals with the 1995 commitments on financial services. The Third Protocol deals with movement of natural persons.prudence, prudential — In financial services, terms used to describe an objective of market regulation by authorities to protect investors and depositors, to avoid instability or crises. schedule —“Schedule of Specific Commitm ents” —A WTO member’s list of commitments regarding market access and bindings regarding national treatment. specific commitments —See “schedule”. Regionalism/trade and developmentACP — African, Caribbean and Pacific countries. Group of 71 countries with preferential trading relation with the EU under the former Lom? Treaty now called the Cotonou Agreement.Andean Community — Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela.APEC — Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation forum.ASEAN — Association of Southeast Asian Nations. The seven ASEAN members of the WTO —Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand —often speak in the WTO as one group on general issues. The other ASEAN members are Laos and Vietnam.Caricom — The Caribbean Community and Common Market comprises 15 countries. CTD — The WTO Committee on Trade and DevelopmentCustoms union — Members apply a common external tariff (e.g. the EC).EC —European Communities (official name of the European Union in the WTO).EFTA — European Free Trade Association.free trade area —Trade within the group is duty free but members set own tariffs on imports from non-members (e.g. NAFTA).G15 — Group of 15 developing countries acting as the main political organ for the Non-Aligned Movement.G77 — Group of developing countries set up in 1964 at the end of the first UNCTAD (originally 77, but now more than 130 countries).G7 — Group of seven leading industrial countries: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, United States. GRULAC — Informal group of Latin-American members of the WTO.GSP — Generalized System of Preferences —programmes by developed countries granting preferential tariffs to imports from developing countries.HLM —WTO High-Level Meeting for LDCs, held in October 1997 in Geneva.ITC — The International Trade Centre, originally established by the old GATT and is now operated jointly by the WTO and the UN, the latter acting through UNCTAD. Focal point for technical cooperation on trade promotion of developing countries.LDCs — Least-developed countries. MERCOSUR —Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.NAFTA —North American Free Trade Agreement of Canada, Mexico and the US.Quad — Canada, EC, Japan and the United States.SACU — Southern African Customs Union comprising Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa and Swaziland.S&D —“Special and differential treatment” provisions for developing countries. Contained in several WTO agreements.UNCITRAL — United Nations Centre for International Trade Law, drafts model laws such as the one on government procurement. UNCTAD — The UN Conference on Trade and Development.Trade and environmentAgenda 21 —The Agenda for the 21st Century — a declaration from the 1992 Earth Summit (UN Conference on the Environment and Development) held in Rio de Janeiro. Article XX — GATT Article listing allowed “exceptions” to the trade rules.Basel Convention — An MEA dealing with hazardous waste.BTA — Border tax adjustmentCITES — Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species. An MEA.CTE — The WTO Committee on Trade and Environment.EST — Environmentally-sound technology. EST&P — EST and products.ex ante, ex post —Before and after a measure is applied.LCA — Life cycle analysis — a method of assessing whether a good or service is environmentally friendly.MEA — Multilateral environmental agreement.Montreal Protocol —An MEA dealing with the depletion of the earth’s ozone layer. PPM — Process and production method.TBT — The WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade.waiver —Permission granted by WTO members allowing a WTO member not to comply with normal commitments. Waivers have time limits and extensions have to be justified.。

关贸总协定，世界贸易组织的前身GATT （General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade）世界贸易组织WTO （World Trade Organization）乌拉圭回合Uruguay Round最惠国待遇（现通常称"正常贸易关系"）MFN（most-favored-nation）treatment争端解决机构dispute settlement body《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》DSU （Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes）《北美自由贸易协定》NAFTA （North American Free Trade Agreement）东盟自由贸易区ASEAN Free Trade Area东部和南部非洲共同市场COMESA （Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa）反倾销措施anti-dumping measures against…非配额产品quota-free products非生产性投资investment in non-productive projects风险管理/评估risk management/ assessment国际收支balance of international payments/ balance of payment实行国民待遇grant the national treatment to瓶颈制约"bottleneck" restrictions非洲、加勒比和太平洋国家集团（洛美协定）ACP （African，Caribbean and Pacific Group）（补贴协议）可诉补贴actionable subsidy上诉机构appeal body基础税率base tariff level国际收支条款BOP（Balance-of-payments）Provisions既定日程built-in agenda约束水平bound level（欧盟）共同农业政策Common Agriculture Policy规避circumvention反补贴税countervailing duty交叉报复cross retaliation海关完税价值customs values环保型技术EST（Environmentally-sound technology）出口实绩export performance出口补贴export subsidy粮食安全food security免费搭车者（享受其他国家最惠国待遇而不进行相应减让的国家）free-rider政府采购government procurement灰色区域措施grey area measuresWTO最不发达国家高级别会议HLM （WTO High-level Meeting for LDCs）协调制度（商品名称及编码协调制度）HS （Harmonized Commodity and Coding System）进口许可import licensing进口渗透import penetration最初谈判权（初谈权）INRs （Initial Negotiating Rights）知识产权IPRs （Intellectual property rights）最不发达国家LDCs （Least-developed countries）当地含量local content市场准入market access专门的营销机构market boards（服务贸易）自然人national person国民待遇national treatment（利益的）丧失和减损nullification and impairment（争端解决）专家组panel（《农业协议》中关于反补贴的）和平条款peace clause诸边协议plurilateral agreement（服务贸易）自然人流动presence of natural person生产补贴production subsidy消费膨胀inflated consumption慢性萧条chronic depression进口环节税import linkage tax北美自由贸易区NAFTA （North American Free Trade Area）全球配额global quota祖父条款grandfather clause贸易和投资自由化和便利化TILF （Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation）国际清算international settlement横向兼并horizontal merger垂直兼并vertical merger垃圾融资junk financing申报制度reporting system；income declaration system市场准人的行政管理措施AAMA （Administrative Aspects of Market Access）A2000 Agenda 2000年议程Abandoned Claims 被放弃的诉请Acceding Country 申请加入国Acceding Government 申请加入的政府Acceptable Level of Risk 可接受的风险水平Accession 加入Accession Country 加入国Accession Package 加入一揽子文件Accountancy Disciplines 会计准则Accounting Services 会计服务Accreditation 认可Accreditation and Approval 认可和批准Actionable Subsidy （补贴协议）可诉补贴Actual Dumping Margin 实际倾销幅度Actual Value 实际价值Actuarial Services 保险精算服务Actuarial Specialist 精算专家Ad valor tariff 从价税Ad Valorem Duty 从价税Ad Valorem Equivalent 从价等量Ad Valorem Subsidization 从价补贴Ad Valorem Tariff 从价关税Additional Commitments 额外承诺Additional Duty 额外关税Adjustment Cost 调整成本Administered Support Price 政府支持价格Administrative Action 行政行为Administrative Determinations 行政裁定Administrative Revocation 行政撤销Advance Deposit for Imports 预付进口押金Adverse Effects 不利影响Adverse Inferences 不利推断Advertising Services 广告服务Advisory Opinion 咨询性意见Affirmative 肯定裁决Affirmative Defense 积极抗辩Affirmative Determination 肯定性裁定Affirmative Finding 肯定性调查结果Afford Adequate Opportunity 提供充分机会After Sales Services 售后服务Agency Insurance Services 保险代理服务Agenda 22世纪议程Aggregate measure of support 综合支持量Aggressive Multilateralism 攻击性多边主义Aggressive Reciprocity 攻击性互惠Agreed database 各方都同意的数据库Agreed Exclusions 议定的例外Agreed Standard From 议定的标准格式Agreement on Agriculture 农业协定Agreement on Compensation 补偿协定Agricultural Integration 农业一体化Agriculture Protection Argument 农业保护论Air Transport Services 空运服务Alleged Dumping 被指控的倾销Alleged Injury 被指控的损害Alleged Subsidy 被指控的补贴Allocation of Quotas 配额分配Allowance for Waste 损耗Alternative Duty 选择税Amber Box Measures （农产品国内支持）黄箱措施Amendments to WTO Agreements 协定修改American Selling Price（ASP）美国销售价格Amicus Brief 法庭之友的书面陈述Amicus Curiae 法庭之友amount of subsidy 补贴数额AMS Disciplines 综合支持量纪律AMS Methodology 综合支持量方法Analogue Country 替代国Analytical Index 分析索引Ancillary Services 空运辅助服务Animal Welfare 动物福利Annual bound commitment 年度约束水平Anti-Circumvention 反规避Anti-Circumvention Action 反规避行动Anti-Competitive Practices 反竞争做法Anti-Dumping 反倾销Anti-Dumping Act 反倾销法Anti-Dumping Action 反倾销行动Anti-Dumping Agreement 反倾销协定Anti-Dumping Code 反倾销守则Anti-Dumping Complaint 反倾销申诉Anti-Dumping Duty 反倾销税Anti-Dumping Duty Order 反倾销税令Anti-Dumping Investigation 反倾销调查Anti-Dumping Law 反倾销法律Anti-dumping measures（AD,A-D）反倾销措施Anti-Dumping Penalty 反倾销补偿金Anti-Dumping Policy 反倾销政策Anti-Dumping Practice 反倾销实践Anti-Dumping Proceeding 反倾销程序Anti-Dumping Tribunal 反倾销调查裁决机关Anti-Globalization 反全球化Anti-Surge Clause 反激增条款Appeal （争端解决）上诉Appeals 上诉Appellate Body 上诉机构Appellate Body Report 上诉机构报告Appellate Review 上诉审查Appellations of Origin 原产地名称Appellee 被上诉方Applicant Contracting Party 申请缔约方Application Form 申请表格Application Procedures 申请程序Appraised Value 估定价值Appraisement 估价Appropriate Compensation 适当补偿Appropriate Countermeasures 适当反措施Appropriate Schedule 适当减让表Arbitration 仲裁Arbitration Award 仲裁裁决Architectural Services 建筑设计服务Archive Services 档案服务Arm’s Length Negotiations 公平谈判Arm’s Length Price 公平价格Arm’s Length Pricing 公平定价Arm’s Length Rate 公平利润率Arm’s Length Transaction 公平交易Artwork 工艺Assessment of Risk 风险评估Assessment of Tariff Offers 评估关税出价Assessment of the Origin 原产地预确定Asset Management 资产管理服务Assignment 转让Assignment Agreement 转让协议Assignor 转让人Assurance of Conformity 合格保证Asymmetrical Comparison 非对称比较At-the-Border Barriers 边境壁垒Audiovisual Service 视听服务Auditing Services 审计服务Automatic Import Licensing 自动进口许可Automatic Licensing 自动许可Autonomous Trade Regimes 自主贸易制度Average CIF Unit Value 平均到岸价Average Reference Price 平均参考价格Award 裁决A Reasonable Rate of Increase in Reserves储备增加的合理比率Abuse of Intellectual Property Rights滥用知识产权Access to Confidential Information对机密信息的获取Accident and Health Insurance services意外和健康保险服务Accounting, Auditing and Book-keeping Services会计、审计和簿记服务Acquisition or Maintenance of Intellectual Property Rights知识产权的取得或维持Acts Occurring Prior to Date of Application of Agreement协议适用之日前发生的行为Actual Threat under Agreement on Textile and Clothing纺织品与服装协定中的实际威胁Ad Interim Reduction or Exemption of Customs Duties临时减少或豁免关税Ad Valorem Percentage Criterion从价百分比标准Additional Period of One Year under Multi-Fibre Agreement多种纤维安排中的延期一年Additional Written Memoranda附加书面备忘录Adequate and Enduring Technical Competence适当和持久的技术资质Administration of Trade Regulations贸易法规的实施Administrative Aspects of Market Access (AAMA)市场准入的行政管理措施Aggregate Measurement of Support (AMS)（农产品）综合支持量Administrative Memorandum行政备忘录Administrative Procedures and Remedies行政程序和救济Administrative, Selling and General Costs管理、销售和一般费用Advisory and other Auxiliary Services金融咨询和其他附属服务Advisory, Intermediation Services金融咨询、中介服务Aggregate measurement of support （AMS ）（农业）综合支持量Agreement for Protection of International Investment国际投资保护协定Agreement on Textile and Clothing(ATC)纺织品与服装协定Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures(TRIMs) 与投资有关的贸易措施Agreements and Associated Legal Instruments协定及相关法律文件Agricultural Chemical Products农业化学物质产品Aircraft Repair and Maintenance Services航空器的维修和保养服务Allocation of Shares in the Quota配额中的份额分配Alternative Dispute Resolution争端解决的替代方式American Selling Price System of Valuation美国销售价格估价制度Amicus Submissions by NGOs非政府组织的法庭之友书面陈述Amount for Profit and General Expenses利润和一般费用总额Amount of a Subsidy in Terms of the Benefit to the Recipient以接受者所获利益形式的补贴金额An Inconsistency of a Serious Nature严重不符Andean Community安第斯共同体Annecy Round安纳西回合Annual and Final Bound Commitment Levels年度和最终约束承诺水平Annual Export Subsidy Commitment Levels出口补贴年度承诺水平Anti-Dumping Act of 19161916 年反倾销法Anti-Dumping Act of 19211921 年反倾销法Appellate Body Operating Fund(ABOF)上诉机构业务基金Application for Anti-Dumping Action反倾销调查申请Application of International Standards适用国际标准Application of Successive Treaties Relative to the Same Subject-Matter 后续条约的适用Applications Specialist系统应用专家Appropriate Level of Sanitary or Phytosanitary Protection卫生或植物卫生保护的适当水平Arbitrary or Fictitious Customs Values武断或虚构的海关价格Area of Low Pest or Disease Prevalence病虫害低度流行区Arrangements for Consultation and Cooperation磋商与合作安排Article 2 Exemptions第 2 条例外Article 21.5 Panel第21.5 款专家组Article 22.6 Arbitration第22.6 款仲裁Assistance for Research Activities研究活动补助Associated Foreign Direct Investment关联外国直接投资Assured Life of the Schedules减让表的有效期Attribution of Serious Damage in ATC纺织品与服装协定中严重损害的归因Audio Visual Service Negotiations in the Uruguay Round 乌拉圭回合中的视听服务谈判Authoritative Interpretation of Provisions适用协定规定的权威性解释Automated System for Customs Date(ASYCUDA)海关数据自动化系统Automatic Import Licensing Procedures自动进口许可程序Auxiliary Financial Services附属金融服务B‘Bottleneck’restrictions 瓶颈制约Background and Authority 背景与主管机关Balance of payment(BOP) 国际收支Base Levels 基础水平Base Period 基期Base tariff level 基础税率Base Total AMS 基期综合支持总量Basic Agricultural Product 基本农产品Basic Telecommunications 基础电信Basket Tariff Quota 一揽子关税配额Benchmark Price 基准价格Benefit Accruing 获得的利益Benefit to the Recipient 给予受益人的利益Benefits of Trade 贸易利益Bidding Quotation 投标报价Bilateral Agreement 双边协定配额Bilateral Emergency Basis 双边应急基础Bilateral Investment 双边投资Bilateral Quota 双边配额Bilateral Tax Treaty 双边税收条约Bilateral Trade 双边贸易Bilateral Trade Agreement 双边贸易协定Bilateralism 双边主义Binding Commitments 约束承诺Binding of Duty Rates 关税税率约束Binding of Duty Treatment 关税待遇约束Blair House Accord 布莱尔宫协定Blue Box 蓝箱Blue Box measures （农业国内支持）“蓝箱措施”Blue box policies 蓝箱政策Board Tariff Reduction 广泛关税减让Bonded Factory 保税工厂BOP Provisions 国际收支条款Border Measures 边境措施Border Tax 边境税Border tax adjustments (BTA) 边境税调整Bound level 约束水平Bound MFN Rate 约束最惠国关税率Bound Schedule 约束税率表Bound tariff rates 约束税率Bounty 奖励Breach of Confidence 泄密Bretton Woods System 布雷顿森林体系Broadband Services 宽带服务Broadcasting Organization 广播组织Broking Services 经纪服务Brussels Declaration 布鲁塞尔宣言Building Block System 板块系统方法Building Codes 建筑法规Building-Cleaning Services 建筑物清洁服务Built in agenda 既定日程Built-in agenda （WTO）既定议程Built-In Swing 调用Burden of Proof 举证责任Business Exception 商业例外Business Practice 商业实践Business Support Services 商务支持服务But for Test “若非”标准Buying Commission 购买佣金Backdoor Protectionism后门保护主义Balance of Rights and Obligations under ATC纺织品与服装协定下权利和义务的平衡Balance-of-Payments Consultations国际收支磋商Balance-of-Payments Difficulties国际收支困难Balance-of-payments provisions国际收支条款Banking and Related Financial Services银行及相关金融服务Basel Convention《巴塞尔公约》（有关危险废弃物的多边环境协定）Basic Instruments and Selected Documents（BISD）（GATT）《基本文件资料选编》Basic Telecommunication Services基础电信服务Basic Telecommunications Operator基础电信运营商Belgian Family Allowances比利时家庭补助案Berne Convention《伯尔尼公约》（《保护文学艺术作品的伯尔尼公约》）Best Information Available可获得的最佳信息bilateral investment treaties (BIT)双边投资协定Bilateral Trade and Payments Agreements双边贸易与支付协定Board Tariff Cutting Formula划一削减公式Border Enforcement of IPR知识产权的边境执法Bound Free Duty约束免税待遇Branch or Representative Office分公司或代表处Brief Summary of Legal Basis of Complaint申诉的法律根据摘要Brief Summary of Legal Basis of Complaint诉请的法律根据摘要Brussels Definition of Value(BDV)布鲁塞尔对价值的定义Budgetary Commitment Levels预算支出承诺水平Budgetary Outlay Reduction Commitments预算支出削减承诺Burden of Proof in Non-Violation Nullification or Impairment Claims 非违反之诉的举证责任Burden Shifting Where Quantity Exported Exceeds Commitments举证责任转移Business Confidential Information商业秘密信息CCairns Group 凯恩斯集团Cairns Group 凯恩斯集团Cancellation 注销Cancellation of Registration 注销注册Capital Expenditure 资本支出Capital Subsidy 资本补贴Captive Production 内部生产Cargo Handling Services 货物装卸服务Carry Forward 借用Carry Over 留用Cash Deposit 保证金Causal Factors 因果关系要素Causality 因果关系Causation 因果关系Cause Shown 陈述的理由Ceiling Tax Rate 最高税率Certificate of Origin 原产地证书Certification Systems 认证体系Challenge Procedures 质疑程序Channels of Commerce 商业渠道Charge 费用Chronic depression 慢性萧条Circumvention 规避Circumvention by Transshipment 转运规避Civil Aircraft Products 民用航空器产品Claim 权利请求Claims 诉请Claims Versus Arguments 诉请与论据Clothing 服装Collective Action 集体行动Combined tariff 混合税Commencement of Appeal 上诉的开始Commercial Considerations 商业考虑Commercial Exhibition 商业性放映Commercial Exploitation 商业性利用Commercial Level 商业水平Commercial presence （服务贸易）商业存在Commercial Rental 商业性出租Commercial Services 商业服务Commission and Brokerage 佣金和经纪费Common Agriculture Policy 共同农业政策Common Quota 共同配额Common Register 共同登记机构Communications Services 通讯服务Comparable Price 可比价格Compensation 补偿Compensation Negotiation 补偿谈判Compensation Trade 补偿贸易Compensatory Adjustment 补偿性调整Competition policy 竞争政策Compilations of Date 数据汇编Complaining Party (解决争端)申诉方Complaint 申诉Complaint Procedure 申诉程序Compliance 符合Compliance Report 执行专家组报告Comprehensive 全面报告Compulsory Licensing 强制许可Computed Value 计算价格Computed Value Method 计算价格估价方法Computer Programs 计算机程序Computer Services 计算机服务Concealed Dumping 隐蔽倾销Concession Negotiation 减让谈判Concurrence 同意意见Conditional Appeal 附条件上诉Conditions of Competition 竞争条件Conduct of Business 处事规则Confidential Information 机密信息Conflict of Interest 利益冲突Conformity Assessment 合格评定Consensus 协商一致Consensus Minus 除了……协商一致Consignment Requirements 运输条件Consolidated Notification 综合通知书Consolidated Schedules 综合减让表Constituent Territories 组成领土Constitutional Procedures 宪法程序Constructed Export Price 推定出口价格Constructed Value 推定价值Constructive Remedies 建设性救济措施Consular Transactions 领事事项Consultation 磋商Consultation Procedures 磋商程序Consulting Country 参与磋商的国家Consulting Member 参与磋商的成员方Consumer Preference 消费者偏好Consumption Abroad （服务贸易）境外消费Contracting parties （GATT）缔约方Conventional Tariff 协定关税Conversion of Duties 关税转换Converted Concessions 转换的关税减让Copyright 版权Copyright Piracy 盗版Copyright Protection 版权保护Copyright Works 版权作品Corrective Measures 纠正措施Cost Date 成本数据Costs and Charges 成本和费用Counsel 法庭律师Counter purchase 反向购买Counter trade 补偿贸易Counterclaim 反诉Counter-Complaint 反诉诉状Counterfeit Goods 假冒商品Counterfeiting 假冒Countermeasures 反措施Counter-notification 反向通知Countervailing Charge 反补贴指控Countervailing Duty Action 反补贴税行动Countervailing Duty Law 反补贴税法Countervailing Duty Order 征收反补贴税令Countervailing Duty Rate 反补贴税率Countervailing duty（CVD）反补贴税Countervailing Measures 反补贴措施Country-of-Origin Marking 原产地标记Courier Services 快递服务Course of Trade 贸易过程Covered Agreements 适用协定Criminal Procedures 刑事程序Criteria for Patentability 授予专利的标准Critical Circumstances 危急情况Crop Insurance Scheme 农作物保险计划Cross border supply （服务贸易）跨境交付Cross Border Trade 跨境贸易Cross check 交叉核实Cross Licensing 交叉许可Cross retaliation 交叉报复Cross-Cutting Issues 跨领域议题Cultural exception 文化例外Cumulation 累积Cumulation of Injury 损害积累Cumulative Assessment 累积评估Cumulative Indirect Taxes 累积间接税Cumulative Injury 累积的损害Cumulative Injury Assessment 累积损害评估Cumulative Market Disruption 累积市场扰乱Cumulative Rules of Origin 累计原产地规则Cumulative Subsidies 累计补贴Currency Conversion 货币换算Currency retention scheme 货币留成制度Currency Retention Schemes 货币保留方案Current Access Commitments 现行准入承诺Current Total AMS （农业）现行综合支持Customary Business Practice 传统商业惯例Customary International Law 国际习惯法Customs Act 海关法Customs Administration 海关当局Customs Area 海关境域Customs Barriers 关税壁垒Customs Bonded Warehouse 海关保税仓库Customs Border 关境Customs Cooperation 海关合作Customs Documentation 海关文件Customs Drawback 海关退税Customs Duties 海关关税Customs Duty 关税Customs Duty 关税免除Customs Enforcement 海关执法Customs Fee 海关规费Customs Frontier 关税边境Customs House 海关Customs Nomenclature 海关税则目录Customs Statistics 海关统计Customs Supervision and Control 海关监管Customs Surveillance Zone 海关监管区Customs Tariff 海关税则Customs union（CU）关税同盟Customs Valuation 海关估价Customs value 海关完税价值Customs-Free Area 关税自由区Cyclical Dumping 周期性倾销Calculation of Aggregate Measurement of Support 综合支持量的计算Calculation of Current Total AMS现行综合支持总量的计算Capable of Industrial Application工业实用性Central Government Authority中央政府当局Central Government Body中央政府机构Central Government Standardizing Body中央政府标准化机构Centrally Planned Economy中央计划经济体Centrally Planned Economy Countries中央计划经济国家Certificate of Origin Form 59A原产地证书格式59ACertificate of Origin Form A原产地证书格式AChallenges to Validity对有效性提出异议Change in Relative Shares of the Market市场相对份额的变化Change in Tariff Classification税则归类改变Change of Tariff Classification Criterion税则归类改变标准Charge on the Public Account公共账户的支出Circuit-Switched Data Transmission Services电路交换数据传输服务Circumstances of Extreme Urgency极端紧急情况Circumvention of Anti-Dumping Duty Measures对反倾销征税措施的规避Circumvention of Export Subsidy Commitments 规避出口补贴承诺Civil and Administrative Procedures and Remedies 民事和行政程序与救济Clean Report of Findings检验结果清洁报告书Code on Import Licensing Procedures进口许可程序守则Coercive Package Licensing强制的一揽子许可Collegiality Among Appellate Body Members共同决定Combination of Know Design Features已知设计特征组合Commercial Terms and Conditions商业条款和条件Commercially Traded Services商业性服务贸易Commission Agent’s Services佣金代理服务Commitments on National Treatment国民待遇承诺Commitments on Support and Protection支持和保护的承诺Common Agricultural Policy(CAP)（欧盟）共同农业政策Communications with Panel/Appellate Body与专家组或上诉机构的联系Competence of Panel to Hear a Dispute专家组审理争端案件的权限Computer Reservation System Services(CRS)计算机订座系统服务Concession Initially Negotiated最初谈判的减让Concurrence of the Contracting Parties缔约方的同意Conditional Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment有条件的最惠国待遇Conditional National Treatment附条件的国民待遇Conditions and Terms of Sale销售的条件和条款Conditions, Limitations, Exceptions and Reservations 条件、限制、例外和保留Confidential Business Information机密商业信息Confidentiality of Consultations磋商的机密性Confidentiality of Information信息机密性Conformity Assessment Procedures合格评定程序Conformity Assessment Systems合格评定体系Consequences of Treaty Termination条约终止的后果Conservation of Exhaustible Natural Resources保护可用尽的自然资源Consolidated Tariff Schedules综合关税减让表Consolidated Tariff Schedules Database综合关税减让表数据库Construction and Related Engineering Services 建筑及相关工程服务Consular Invoices and Certificates领事发票和证书Consulting and other Business Services咨询和其他商务服务Consumer Subsidy Equivalent （CSE ）消费者补贴等值Consumption in Governmental供政府消费使用Contact Point for Information信息咨询点Container Station and Depot Services集装箱堆场服务Contingent Trade Remedy紧急贸易救济Contingent Trade Remedy应急贸易救济机制Continuing Application of GATT Schedules继续适用关税与贸易总协定减让表Contracting Parties Primarily Concerned主要有关缔约各方Contractual Joint Venture契约式合资企业Contractual Trade Regimes契约贸易制度Control, Inspection and Approval Procedures 控制、检查和批准程序Conventional Tariff System协定税则制度Copyright and Related Rights版权与相关权利Cottage Industry Products家庭手工业产品Cotton-Producing Exporting Members产棉出口成员Counterfeit Trademark Goods假冒商标商品Countervailing Duty Determinations关于反补贴税的决定Countervailing Duty Petition反补贴税调查诉请Countervailing Duty Proceedings反补贴税调查程序Country-Specific Derogations某些国家享受的例外Criteria for Eligibility for Protection享受保护的资格标准Criterion of Manufacturing or Processing Operation 制造或加工工序标准Critical Shortages of Foodstuffs粮食的严重缺乏Cross Border Supply of Services跨境提供服务Cross Border Trade in Services跨境服务贸易Cumulative Acquisition of Origin累计取得原产地Cumulative Assessment of Dumping对倾销的累积评估Customs Clearance Services海关清关服务Customs Warehousing Procedure海关保税仓库管理制度DDamage 损害Damage Difficult to Repair 难于补救的损害Damages 损害赔偿De Facto Discrimination 事实上的歧视De Facto Specificity 事实专向性De Jure 法律上的De Jure Discrimination 法律上的歧视De Minimis 微量允许De Minimis Dumping Margins 微量倾销幅度De Minimis Effects 微量影响De Minimis Imports微量进口De Minimis Modifications 微小修改De minimis provision 最低减让条款De Minimis Safeguard Rule 保障措施的微量规则De Minimis Standard 微量标准De Minimis Subsidies 微量补贴Debt Repayment 债务偿还Deceptive Practice 欺诈行为Decision Tree 决策树Decisive Guidance 决定性的指导Deductive Method 倒扣价格法Deductive Value 倒扣价格Deep Amber 黄箱政策Defendant ( 解决争端) 被诉方Degree of Tariff Binding 关税约束水平Delaying Tactics 拖延战术Delivery of a Service 服务的提供Denial of Benefits 利益的拒绝给予Denial of Entry of Goods 拒绝货物入境Dental Services 牙医服务Depress Prices(to) 压低价格Descriptive Characteristics 描述特征Descriptive Part 陈述部分Design Work 设计Designated Products 指定产品Designated Trading 指定经营Determination 裁决Determination of Dumping 倾销的确定Determination of Injury 损害的确定Determination of Origin 原产地确定Developing Country 发展中国家Development 开发Development Box 发展箱Development Costs 开发成本Deviation 偏离Differences in Commercial 不同商业水平Differential Duties 差别关税Differential Export 差别出口税Differential Income 差别收入税Differential Measures 差别措施Diffuse Reciprocity 扩散性互惠Dillon Round 狄龙回合Direct Discussions 直接对话Direct Discussions 直接交货Direct Income Support 直接收支持Direct Insurance 直接保险Direct Investment 直接投资Direct payment 直接支付Direct Subsidy 直接补贴Dirty Tariffication 肮脏的关税化Discretionary 裁量性立法Discrimination 歧视Discriminatory Pricing 歧视性定价Discussant 引导人Disguised Trade Barriers 变相贸易壁垒Dispersed Tariff Rate 分散型关税税率Dispute Settlement 争端解决Dispute Settlement Officer 争端解决官员Dispute Settlement Procedure 争端解决程序Dispute Settlement Registrar 争端解决登记人Disruptive Effects 扰乱性影响Disruptive Imports 扰乱性进口Dissent 反对意见Distinctiveness 显著性Distribution of Trade 贸易分配Distribution Services 分销服务Diversionary Dumping 移转倾销Doctrine of Comparative 比较成本说Doha Development Agenda 多哈发展议程Doha Work Programme 多哈工作计划Domestic Commodities 国内商品Domestic Content 当地成分要求Domestic Industry 国内产业Domestic Law 国内法Domestic Price 国内价格Domestic production 国内生产Domestic Products 国产产品Domestic Regulation 国内规制Domestic Subsidy 国内补贴Domestic support ( 农产品) 国内支持Double Counting 重复计算Double Deflation Method 双重紧缩方法Double Evart Formula 双重偏离公式Double Taxation 双重征税Downstream Dumping 下游倾销Downstream Product 下游产品Downstream Subsidy 下游补贴Draft Standard 标准草案Drawback Scheme 退税方案Dry Cleaning Services 干洗服务Dual Pricing 双重定价Dual Tariff 加重关税Dumped Exports 倾销出口产品Dumped Prices 倾销价格Dumping 倾销Dumping Duties 倾销税Dumping Margin 倾销幅度Dutiable Value 应税价格Duty 税收Duty Deferral Programme 关税缓征方案Duty Drawback 税收返还Duty Free 免税Duty Free Goods 免税货物Duty Free Quota 免税进口配额Duty–Free Treatment 免税待遇Dyeing and Colouring Services 染色服务EEco-Dumping 生态倾销Eco-Duties 环境税Eco-Labbeling 环境标签Economic Data 经济数据Economic Integration 经济一体化Economic Needs Test 经济需求测试Economic Policies 经济政策Economic Quantities 经济数量Economies in Transition 转型经济体Eco-Packaging 环保包装Eco-Protectionism 环境贸易保护主义Eco-Standards 环境标准Educational Tariff 培育关税Elastic Duties 弹性关税Electricity Reticulation 电力网络Electronic Commerce 电子商务Emergency Action 紧急行动Emergency Measures 紧急措施Emergency Tariff 紧急关税Empire Preferences 帝国特惠制Enabling Clause 授权条款Enabling Clause 授权条款End Product Criteria 最终产品标准Enforcement Committee 执法委员会Enforcement of Monopolies 垄断的实施Enforcement Procedures 实施程序Engineering Services 工程服务Enquiry Point 咨询点Entertainment Services 娱乐服务Environmental Dumping 环境倾销Environmental Programmes 环境计划Environmental Services 环境服务Environmental Subsidy 环境补贴Equitable Treatment 公平待遇Escalated Tariff 升级关税Escape Clause 免税条款Established Quota 既定配额Estoppel 禁止翻供Evidence 证据Ex ante 采取措施前Ex Officio Action 依职权的行动Ex Parte Communications 单方面联系Ex post 采取措施后Exception Measures 例外措施Exceptions to the Agreement 协议例外Exchange Action 外汇措施Exchange Dumping 外汇倾销Exchange Dumping Duty 外汇倾销税Exchange Risk Programmes 外汇风险计划Exchange Taxes 汇兑税Excise Duty 消费税Exclusion Order 排除令Exclusive Agents 独家代理商Exclusive Economic Zone 专属经济区Exclusive Export Rights 专属出口权Exclusive Import Rights 专属进口权Exclusive Marketing Rights 独占行销权Executive Branch 执行机构Executive Committee 执行委员会Exemption Treatment 豁免待遇Ex-Factory Level 出厂价水平Exhibits 清单Existing Programs 现有计划Expiry review 到期复审Explicit Consensus 协商一致Exploitation of a Patent 专利的使用Exploitation of the Works 作品的利用Export Competition 出口竞争Export Competitiveness 出口竞争力Export Contingency 出口相倚性Export Credit 出口信贷Export Credit Guarantee 出口信贷担保Export Credit Insurance 出口信贷保险Export Credit Practice 出口信贷做法Export Duty 出口税Export Performance 出口实绩Export Prohibitions 出口禁止Export Restrictions 出口限制Export Subsidies 出口补贴Export Unit Value 出口单位价值FFabrics 织物Fact and adversarial elements 事实和对抗性要素Fact Finding 事实认定Fact Versus Law 事实与法律Facts Available 可获得的事实Factual Abstract 事实概要Factual Presentation 事实陈述Fair Comparison 公平比较False Declarations 虚假陈述Favorable Balance of Trade 贸易顺差Feasible Methods 可行性方法Fees and Formalities 规费和手续Fees or other Charges 规费和其他费用Fibre Content 纤维成分Final Anti-Dumping Duty 最终反倾销税Final Anti-Dumping Measure 最终反倾销措施Final Countervailing Duty 最终反补贴税Final Determination 最终裁定Final decision 终裁Final Duties 最终税Final Liability for Payment 最终支付责任Final Panel Report 专家组的最终报告Final Provisions 最后条款Financial Contribution 财政资助Financial Leasing Services 金融租赁服务Financial Regulations 财务条例Financial Services 金融服务Finding of Serious Injury 严重损害的认定Findings （争端解决）调查结果Findings and Conclusions 调查结果和结论Findings of Facts 事实的调查结果First Regionalism 第一次区域主义浪潮Fiscal Incentives 财政激励Flat Rate Subsidy 统一费率补贴Flat Tariff Structure 单一关税结构Flexibility Provisions 灵活条款Follow-Down Dumping 诱发性倾销Food Aid Convention 粮食援助公约Food Security 粮食安全Food Security Box 粮食安全政策Food-Importing Group 粮食进口集团Foreign Exchange Arrangements 外汇安排Foreign Tax Credit 外国税收抵免Foreign Trade 对外贸易Foreign Trade Barriers 对外贸易壁垒Foreign Trade Financing 对外贸易融资Foreign Trade Law 对外贸易法Foreign Trade Zones(FTZs) 对外贸易区Foreign-Source Income 国外来源收入Forestall the Imminent Threat 防止紧迫威胁Forfeiture 没收Format of Evidence 证据的形式Formula Tariff Reductions 公式化关税减让Forward Markets 远期市场Four Freedoms 四项自由Fragmented Industries 零散产业Framework Agreements 框架协议Franchise Tax 特许权税Franchising Services 特许经营服务Free and Fair Trade 自由和公平贸易Free Imports 自由进口货物Free Trade 自由贸易Free trade area（FTA）自由贸易区Free Trade Zone（FTZ）自由贸易园区Free-rider 免费搭车者（享受待遇而不减让成员）Freight Dumping 运费倾销Freight Forwarding Services 货代服务Full Contracting Party 正式缔约方Fully Grant Form 完全捐赠形式Function of Panels 专家组的职能Fundamental Fairness 基本公正Fundamental Research 基础研究Further Processing 进一步加工GGATT a La Carte 关贸总协定的选择性承诺General Exception 一般例外General Expenses 一般费用General Safeguard Clause 一般保障条款Geneva Round 日内瓦回合。

(补贴协议)可诉补贴actionable subsidy(纺织品与服装、农产品)一体化进程integration process(服务贸易)境外消费consumption abroad(服务贸易)跨境交付cross border supply(服务贸易)商业存在commercial presence(服务贸易)自然人 natural person(服务贸易)自然人流动presence of natural person(解决争端)被诉方defendant(解决争端)调查结果findings(解决争端)上诉appeal(解决争端)申诉方complaint(利益的)丧失和减损nullification and impairment(农产品)国内支持domestic support(农产品)综合支持量ams (aggregate measurement of support) (农产品国内支持)黄箱措施amber box measures(农产品国内支持)蓝箱措施bop(balance-of-payments) provisions(农产品国内支持)绿箱措施green box measures(农业)多功能性 multifunctionality(欧盟)共同农业政策common agriculture policy(争端解决)专家组panel(知识产权)地理标识geographical indications《巴黎公约》(关于保护工业知识产权的公约)paris convention《巴塞尔公约》(有关危险废弃物的多边环境协定)basel convention《北美自由贸易协定》nafta (north american free trade agreement)《濒危物种国际贸易公约》convention on international trade in endangered species《伯尔尼公约》(有关保护文学和艺术作品版权的公约)berneconvention《多种纤维协定》mfa (multifibre agreement)《纺织品与服装协议》atc (agreement on textiles and clothing) 《服务贸易总协定》gats (general agreement on trade in services)《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》dsu(understanding on rules and procedures governing the settlement of disputes) 《京都议定书》 kyoto protocol《里斯本条约》(有关地理标识及其国际注册)lisbon agreement 《蒙特利尔议定书》(有关保护大气臭氧层的多边环境协定)montreal protocol《农产品协议》特殊保障ssg (special safeguard)《农业协议》中关于反补贴的和平条款peace clause《生物多样性公约》cbd(convention on biological diversity)《信息技术协议》ita (information technology agreement)wto最不发达国家高级别会议hlm (wto high-level meeting for ldcs)北美自由贸易区 nafta (north american free trade area)采取措施后ex post采取措施前ex ante产品生命周期分析lca (life cycle analysis)出口补贴export subsidy出口实绩export performance垂直兼并 vertical merger当地含量local content电子商务 electronic commerce东部和南部非洲共同市场comesa (common market for eastern and southern africa)东盟自由贸易区asean free trade area动植物卫生检疫措施sps (sanitary and phytosanitary standard )反补贴税countervailing duty反倾销措施 anti-dumping measures against…反向通知counter-notification非配额产品 quota-free products非生产性投资 investment in non-productive projects非洲、加勒比和太平洋国家集团(洛美协定)acp(african, caribbean and pacific group)风险管理/评估 risk management/ assessment关贸总协定，世界贸易组织的前身 gatt (general agreement on tariffs and trade)规避circumvention国际标准化组织iso (international organization for standardization)国际纺织品服装局itcb (international textile and clothing bureau)国际货币基金组织imf (international monetary fund)国际劳工组织ilo (international labor organization)国际贸易中心itc (international trade center)国际贸易组织ito (international trade organization)国际贸易组织临时委员会icito (interim commission for the international trade organization)国际清算 international settlement国际收支balance of international payments/ balance of payment国际收支条款bop(balance-of-payments) provisions国际兽疫组织international office of epizootics国民待遇national treatment国内补贴domestic subsidy国内生产domestic production海关估价customs valuation海关完税价值customs value横向兼并 horizontal merger环保型技术est(environmentally-sound technology)灰色区域措施grey area measures货币留成制度currency retention scheme货币贸易理事会ctg(council for trade in goods)基础税率base tariff level既定日程built-in agenda交叉报复cross retaliation进口差价税import variable duties进口附加税import surcharge进口环节税 import linkage tax进口渗透import penetration进口替代import substitution进口许可import licensing进口押金import deposits经济合作与发展组织oecd (organization for economic cooperation and development)垃圾融资 junk financing联合国环境署unep (united nations environment program)联合国开发计划署undp (united nations development program)联合国粮农组织fao (food and agriculture organization of the united states)联合国贸易与发展会议unctad (united nations conference on trade and development)粮食安全food security慢性萧条 chronic depression贸易和投资自由化和便利化tilf (trade and investment liberalization and facilitation)贸易与发展委员会committee on trade and development贸易与环境委员会committee on trade and environment模式modalities南方共同市场(或称南锥体共同市场)mercosur (southern common market)南亚区域合作联盟saarc (south asian association for regional cooperation)欧洲自由贸易联盟efta (european free trade association)配额调整条款modulation of quota clause瓶颈制约 'bottleneck' restrictions全球配额 global quota上诉机构appeal body申报制度 reporting system; income declaration system生产补贴production subsidy实行国民待遇 grant the national treatment to实质损害material injury食品法典委员会 cac(codex alimentaries commission)世界海关组织wco (world customs organization)世界贸易组织wto (world trade organization)世界知识产权组织wipo (world intellectual property organization)市场准人的行政管理措施aama (administrative aspects of market access)市场准入market access通知义务notification obligation同类产品like product乌拉圭回合uruguay round消费膨胀 inflated consumption协调制度(商品名称及编码协调制度)hs (harmonized commodity and coding system)新议题new issues许可费 license fee有秩序的市场安排orderly market arrangements约束水平bound level争端解决机构dispute settlement body政府采购 government procurement知识产权iprs (intellectual property rights)直接支付direct payment诸边协议 plurilateral agreement专门的营销机构market boards转基因生物gmos (genetically modified organisms)祖父条款 grandfather clause最不发达国家ldcs (least-developed countries)最初谈判权(初谈权) inrs (initial negotiating rights)最惠国待遇(现通常称'正常贸易关系')mfn(most-favored-nation) treatment最惠国贸易地位(待遇)mfn (most-favored-nation)(treatment)。

雅思分类词汇：世贸相关词汇雅思分类词汇：世贸相关词汇雅思分类词汇：世贸相关词汇关贸总协定gatt(generalagreementontariffsandtrade)世界贸易组织wto(worldtradeorganization)乌拉圭回合uruguayround最惠国贸易地位(待遇)mfn(most-favored-nation)(treatment)争端解决机构disputesettlementbody《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》dsu(understandingonrulesandproceduresgoverningtheset tlementofdisputes)动植物卫生检疫措施sps(sanitaryandphytosanitarystandard)（农产品）综合支持量ams(aggregatemeasurementofsupport) (《农产品协议》)特殊保障ssg(specialsafeguard)《纺织品与服装协议》atc(agreementontextilesandclothing)《服务贸易总协定》gats(generalagreementontradeinservices)《信息技术协议》ita(informationtechnologyagreement)《多种纤维协定》mfa(multifibreagreement)《北美自由贸易协定》nafta(northamericanfreetradeagreement)东盟自由贸易区aseanfreetradearea东部和南部非洲共同市场comesa(commonmarketforeasternandsouthernafrica)南方共同市场（或称南锥体共同市场）mercosur(southerncommonmarket)南亚区域合作联盟saarc(southasianassociationforregionalcooperation)贸易与发展委员会committeeontradeanddevelopment贸易与环境委员会committeeontradeandenvironment欧洲自由贸易联盟efta(europeanfreetradeassociation)联合国粮农组织fao(foodandagricultureorganizationoftheunitednation)国际贸易中心itc(internationaltradecenter)国际贸易组织ito(internationaltradeorganization)国际贸易组织临时委员会icito(interimcommissionfortheinternationaltradeorganizat ion)国际劳工组织ilo(internationallabororganization)国际货币基金组织imf(internationalmonetaryfund)国际标准化组织iso(internationalorganizationforstandardization)经济合作与发展组织oecd(organizationforeconomiccooperationanddevelopme nt)联合国贸易与发展会议unctad(unitednationsconferenceontradeanddevelopment )联合国开发计划署undp(unitednationsdevelopmentprogram)联合国环境署unep(unitednationsenvironmentprogram)世界海关组织wco(worldcustomsorganization)世界知识产权组织wipo(worldintellectualpropertyorganization)非洲、加勒比和太平洋国家集团（洛美协定）acp(african,caribbeanandpacificgroup)（补贴协议）可诉补贴actionablesubsidy（农产品国内支持）"黄箱"措施amberboxmeasures(解决争端)上诉appeal上诉机构appealbody《巴塞尔公约》（有关危险废弃物的多边环境协定）baselconvention《伯尔尼公约》（有关保护文学和艺术作品版权的公约）berneconvention基础税率basetarifflevel（农产品国内支持）蓝箱措施bop(balance-of-payments)provisions国际收支条款bop(balance-of-payments)provisions既定日程built-inagenda约束水平boundlevel食品法典委员会cac(codexalimentariuscommission)（欧盟）共同农业政策commonagriculturepolicy《生物多样性公约》cbd(conventiononbiologicaldiversity)规避circumvention《濒危物种国际贸易公约》conventiononinternationaltradeinendangeredspecies（服务贸易）商业存在commercialpresence（服务贸易）境外消费consumptionabroad（服务贸易）跨境交付crossbordersupply(解决争端)申诉方complaint(解决争端)被诉方defendant反补贴税countervailingduty反向通知counter-notification交叉报复crossretaliation货币贸易理事会ctg(councilfortradeingoods)货币留成制度currencyretentionscheme海关完税价值customsvalue海关估价customsvaluation直接支付directpayment国内产业domesticindustry国内生产domesticproduction国内补贴domesticsubsidy(农产品)国内支持domesticsupport电子商务electroniccommerce环保型技术est(environmentally-soundtechnology)采取措施前exante采取措施后expost出口实绩exportperformance出口补贴exportsubsidy（解决争端）调查结果findings粮食安全foodsecurity免费搭车者(享受其他国家最惠国待遇而不进行相应减让的国家)free-rider（知识产权）地理标识geographicalindications转基因生物gmos(geneticallymodifiedorganisms)政府采购governmentprocurement（农产品国内支持）绿箱措施greenboxmeasures灰色区域措施greyareameasures拉美国家在wto中的非正式集团grulacwto最不发达国家高级别会议hlm(wtohigh-levelmeetingforldcs)协调制度（商品名称及编码协调制度）hs(harmonizedcommodityandcodingsystem)《里斯本条约》（有关地理标识及其国际注册）lisbonagreement国际劳工组织ilo(internationallabororganization)国际货币基金组织imf(internationalmonetaryfund)进口押金importdeposits进口许可importlicensing进口渗透importpenetration进口替代importsubstitution进口附加税importsurcharge进口差价税importvariableduties最初谈判权(初谈权)inrs(initialnegotiatingrights)(纺织品与服装、农产品)一体化进程integrationprocess国际兽疫组织internationalofficeofepizootics知识产权iprs(intellectualpropertyrights)国际纺织品服装局itcb(internationaltextileandclothingbureau)产品生命周期分析lca(lifecycleanalysis)最不发达国家ldcs(least-developedcountries)许可费licensefee同类产品likeproduct当地含量localcontent市场准入marketaccess专门的营销机构marketboards实质损害materialinjury模式modalities配额调整条款modulationofquotaclause《蒙特利尔议定书》(有关保护大气臭氧层的多边环境协定) montrealprotocol(农业)多功能性multifunctionality(服务贸易)自然人nationalperson国民待遇nationaltreatment新议题newissues通知义务notificationobligation(利益的)丧失和减损nullificationandimpairment有秩序的市场安排orderlymarketarrangements(争端解决)专家组panel《巴黎公约》(关于保护工业知识产权的公约) parisconvention(《农业协议》中关于反补贴的)和平条款peaceclause诸边协议plurilateralagreement(服务贸易)自然人流动presenceofnaturalperson生产补贴productionsubsidy雅思分类词汇：世贸相关词汇相关内容:。

汉英口译分类词汇（07）--世贸组织词汇汉英口译分类词汇（07）--世贸组织词汇09323366中山大学张雪整理（补贴协议）可诉补贴Actionable subsidy （纺织品与服装、农产品）一体化进程Integration process （服务贸易）境外消费Consumption abroad（服务贸易）跨境交付Cross border supply （服务贸易）商业存在Commercial presence（服务贸易）自然人natural person（服务贸易）自然人流动Presence of natural person（解决争端）被诉方Defendant（解决争端）调查结果Findings（解决争端）上诉Appeal（解决争端）申诉方Complaint（利益的）丧失和减损Nullification and36impairment（农产品）国内支持Domestic support （农产品）综合支持量AMS （Aggregate Measurement of Support）（农产品国内支持）黄箱措施Amber Box measures（农产品国内支持）蓝箱措施BOP（Balance-of-pay ments） Provisions （农产品国内支持）绿箱措施Green Box measures（农业）多功能性Multifunctionality （欧盟）共同农业政策Common Agriculture Policy （争端解决）专家组Panel（知识产权）地理标识Geographical indications《巴黎公约》（关于保护工业知识产权的公约）Paris Convention《巴塞尔公约》（有关危险废弃物的多边环境协定）BaselConvention《北美自由贸易协定》NAFTA （North3738 American Free TradeAgreement ）《濒危物种国际贸易 公约》Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species 《伯尔尼公约》(有关 保护文学和艺术作品 版权的公约)Berne Convention 《多种纤维协定》 MFA (Multifibre Agreement)《纺织品与服装协 议》ATC (Agreement on Textiles and Clothing)《服务贸易总协定》 GATS (General Agreement on Trade in Services) 《关于争端解决规则 与程序的谅解》 DSU （Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes ） 《京都议定书》 Kyoto Protocol《里斯本条约》（有关 地理标识及其国际注 册） Lisbon Agreement 《蒙特利尔议定书》 （有关保护大气臭氧 层的多边环境协 定）Montreal Protocol《农产品协议》特殊 保障 SSG （SpecialSafeguard)《农业协议》中关于反补贴的和平条款Peace clause《生物多样性公约》CBD(Convention on Biological Diversity) 《信息技术协议》ITA (Information Technology Agreement)WTO最不发达国家高级别会议HLM(WTO High-level Meeting for LDCs) 北美自由贸易区NAFTA (North American Free Trade Area) 采取措施后Ex post 采取措施前Ex ante 产品生命周期分析LCA (Life Cycle Analysis) 出口补贴Export subsidy 出口实绩Export performance 垂直兼并vertical merger 当地含量Local content 电子商务Electronic Commerce 东部和南部非洲共同市场COMESA (Common Market for Eastern andSouthern Africa) 东盟自由贸易区ASEAN Free Trade Area动植物卫生检疫措施SPS (Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standard ) 反补贴税Countervailing duty 反39倾销措施anti-dumpingmeasures against 反向通知Counter-notification 非配额产品quota-free products 非生产性投资investment innon-productive projects非洲、加勒比和太平洋国家集团（洛美协定）ACP（African, Caribbean and Pacific Group)风险管理/评估risk management/ assessment 关贸总协定，世界贸易组织的前身GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) 规避Circumvention 国际标准化组织ISO (International Organization for Standardization)国际纺织品服装局ITCB (International Textile and Clothing Bureau)国际货币基金组织IMF (International Monetary Fund) 国际劳工组织ILO (International Labor Organization) 国际贸易40中心ITC (International Trade Center)国际贸易组织ITO (International Trade Organization) 国际贸易组织临时委员会ICITO (Interim Commission for theInternational Trade Organization)国际清算international settlement 国际收支balance of international payments/ balance of payment国际收支条款BOP(Balance-of-pay ments) Provisions 国际兽疫组织International Office of Epizootics 国民待遇National treatment 国内补贴Domestic subsidy 国内生产Domestic production 海关估价Customs valuation海关完税价值Customs value 横向兼并horizontal merger 环保型技术EST(Environmentall y-sound technology) 灰色区域措施Grey area measures货币留成制度Currency retention scheme4142货币贸易理事会 CTG(Council for Trade in Goods)基础税率Base tariff level既定日程Built-in agenda 交叉报复Cross retaliation 进口差价税Import variable duties 进口附加税Import surcharge 进口环节税import linkage tax 进口渗透Import penetration 进口替代Import substitution 进口许可Import licensing 进口押金Import deposits 经济合作与发展组织OECD (Organization for EconomicCooperation and Development) 垃圾融资junk financing 联合国环境署UNEP (United Nations EnvironmentProgram) 联合国开发计划署 UNDP (United Nations Development Program) 联合国粮农组织FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United States) 联合国贸易与发展会 议 UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) 粮食43安全Food security 慢性萧条 chronic depression 贸易和投资自由化和 便利化TILF 仃rade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation) 贸易与发展委员会 Committee onTrade andDevelopment 贸易与环境委员会 Committee on Tradeand Environment 模式 Modalities 南方共同市场(或称 南锥体共同市场) MERCOSUR (Southern Common Market) 南亚区域合作联盟 SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional cooperation) 欧洲自由贸易联盟 EFTA (European Free Trade Association) 配额调整条款modulation of quota clause 瓶颈制约 'bottleneck' restrictions 全球配额global quota 上诉机构Appeal body 申报制度 reporting system; income declaration system 生产补贴Production subsidy 实行国民待遇grant the national treatment to实质损害Material injury 食品法典委员会CAC(Codex Alimentaries Commission) 世界海关组织WCO(World Customs Organization) 世界贸易组织WTO(World Trade Organization)世界知识产权组织WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization) 市场准人的行政管理措施AAMA (Administrative Aspects of Market Access) 市场准入Market access 通知义务Notification obligation 同类产品Like product 乌拉圭回合Uruguay Round 消费膨胀inflated consumption 协调制度(商品名称及编码协调制度)HS (Harmonized Commodity and Coding System) 新议题New issues 许可费License fee 有秩序的市场安排Orderly market arrangements 约束水平Bound level 争端解决机构Dispute Settlement Body44政府采购Government procurement 知识产权IPRs(Intellectual property rights)直接支付Direct payment诸边协议Plurilateral agreement 专门的营销机构Market boards 转基因生物GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms)祖父条款grandfather clause 最不发达国家LDCs (Least-developed countries) 最初谈判权(初谈权)INRs (Initial Negotiating Righ ts) 最惠国待遇(现通常称'正常贸易关系’)MFN(most-favored-natio n) treatment最惠国贸易地位(待遇)MFN (Most-favored-nation "Treatment) WTO术语英文解释GeneralGATT —General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, which has been superseded as an international organization by the WTO. An updated General Agreement is now one of the WTO s agreements. GATT 1947 —The old (pre-1994) version of the GATT.GATT 1994 —The new version of the General Agreement, incorporated into the WTO, which governs trade in goods.Members —WTO governments (first letter capitalized, in WTO style).MFN —Most-favoured-nation treatment (GATT Article I, GATS Article II and TRIPS Article 4), the principle of not discriminating between one ' s trading partners.national treatment —The principle of giving others the same treatment as one ' s own nationals. GATT Article III requires that imports be treated no less favourably than the same or similar domestically-produced goods once they have passed customs. GATS Article XVII and TRIPS Article 3 also deal with national treatment for services and intellectual property protection. TPRB, TPRM —The Trade Policy Review Body is General Council operating under special procedures for meetings to review trade policies and practices of individual WTO members under the TradePolicy Review Mechanism. transparency —Degree to which trade policies and practices, and the process by which they are established, are open and predictable.Uruguay Round —Multilateral tradenegotiations launched at Punta del Este, Uruguay in September 1986 and concluded in Geneva in December 1993. Signed by Ministers in Marrakesh, Morocco, in April 1994.Tariffs binding, bound —see “ tariff binding ” electronic commerce—The production, advertising, sale and distribution of products via telecommunications networks.free-rider —A casual term used to infer that a country which does not make any trade concessions, profits, nonetheless, from tariff cuts and concessions made by other countries in negotiations under the most-favoured-nation principle. Harmonized System —An international nomenclature developed by the World Customs Organization, which is arranged in six digit codes allowing all participating countries to classify traded goods on a common basis. Beyond the six digit level, countries are free to introduce national distinctions for tariffs and many other purposes. ITA —Information Technology Agreement, or formally the Ministerial-Declaration on Trade in Information Technology Products, under which participants will remove tariffs on IT products by the year 2000.ITA II —Negotiations aimed at expanding ITA product coverage.nuisance tariff —Tariff so low that it costs the government more to collect it than the revenue it generates.schedule of concession—List of bound tariff rates. tariff binding —Commitment not to increase a rate of duty beyond an agreed level. Once a rate of duty is bound, it may not be raised withoutcompensating the affected parties.tariff escalation ——Higher import duties on semi-processed products than on raw materials, and higher still on finished products. This practice protects domestic processing industries and discourages the development of processing activity in the countries where raw materials originate.tariff peaks —Relatively high tariffs, usually on “sensitive ” products, amidst generally low tari levels. For industrialized countries, tariffs of 15% and above are generally recognized as“ tariff peaks ”.tariffs —Customs duties on merchandise imports. Levied either on an ad valorem basis (percentage of value) or on a specific basis (e.g. $7 per 100 kgs.). Tariffs give price advantage to similar locally-produced goods and raise revenues for thegovernment.WCO —World Customs Organization, a multilateral body located in Brussels through which participating countries seek to simplify and rationalize customs procedures.Non-tariff measuresanti-dumping duties —Article VI of the GATT 1994 permits the imposition of anti-dumping duties against dumped goods, equal to the difference between their export price and their normal value, if dumping causes injury to producers of competing products in the importing country.circumvention —Measures taken by exporters to evade anti-dumping or countervailing duties. countervailing measures —Action taken by the importing country, usually in the form of increased duties to offset subsidies given to producers or exporters in the exporting country. dumping —Occurs when goods are exported at a price less than their normal value, generally meaning they are exported for less than they are sold in the domestic market or third-country markets, or at less than production cost.NTMs —Non-tariff measures such as quotas, import licensing systems, sanitary regulations, prohibitions, etc.price undertaking —Undertaking by an exporter to raise the export price of the product to avoid the possibility of an anti-dumping duty. PSI ——Preshipment inspection ——the practice of employing specialized private companies to check shipment details of goods ordered overseas—i.e. price, quantity, quality, etc. QRs ——Quantitative restrictions ——specific limits on the quantity or value of goods that can be imported (or exported) during a specific time period. rules of origin —Laws, regulations and administrative procedures which determine a product' c s untry of origin. A decision by a customs authority on origin can determine whether a shipment falls within a quota limitation, qualifies for a tariff preference or is affected by an anti-dumping duty. These rules can vary from country to country.safeguard measures—Action taken to protect a specific industry from an unexpected build-up of imports —governed by Article XIX of the GATT 1994.subsidy —There are two general types of subsidies: export and domestic. An export subsidy is a benefit conferred on a firm by the government that is contingent on exports. A domestic subsidy is a benefit not directly linked to exports.tariffication ——Procedures relating to the agricultural market-access provision in which allnon-tariff measures are converted into tariffs.trade facilitation ——Removing obstacles to the movement of goods across borders (e.g. simplification of customs procedures).VRA, VER, OMA —Voluntary restraint arrangement, voluntary export restraint, orderly marketing arrangement. Bilateral arrangements whereby an exporting country (government or industry) agrees to reduce or restrict exports without the importing country having to make use of quotas, tariffs or other import controls.Textiles and clothingATC —The WTO Agreement on Textiles and Clothing which integrates trade in this sector back to GATT rules within a ten-year period. carry forward —When an exporting country uses part of the following year ' s quota d the current year.carry over —When an exporting country utilizes the previous year ' s unutilized qu circumvention —Avoiding quotas and other restrictions by alteringthe country of origin of a product.CTG —Council for Trade in Goods —oversees WTO agreements on goods, including the ATC. integration programme —The phasing out of MFA restrictions in four stages starting on 1 January1995 and ending on 1 January 2005.ITCB —International Textiles and Clothing Bureau —Geneva-based group of some 20 developing country exporters of textiles and clothing.MFA —Multifibre Arrangement (1974-94) under which countries whose markets are disrupted by increased imports of textiles and clothing from another country were able tonegotiate quota restrictions.swing —When an exporting country transferspart of a quota from one product to anotherrestrained product.TMB —The Textiles Monitoring Body, consisting of a chairman plus ten members acting in apersonal capacity, oversees the implementation of ATC commitments. transitional safeguard mechanism —Allows members to imposerestrictions against individual exporting countries if the importing country can show that bothoverall imports of a product and imports from the individual countries are entering the country in such increased quantities as to cause —or threaten —serious damage to the relevantdomestic industry.ngAgriculture/SPSAgenda 2000 —EC s financial reform plans for 2000 -06 aimed at strengthening the union with a .view to receiving new members. Includes reform of the CAP (see below).border protection —Any measure which acts to restrain imports at point of entry.BSE —Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, or“ mad cow disease ”.box —Category of domestic support. —Green box: supports considered not to distort trade and therefore permitted with no limits. —Blue box:permitted supports linked to production, butsubject to production limits and therefore minimally trade-distorting. —Amber box:supports considered to distort trade and therefore subject to reduction commitments. Cairns Group —Group of agricultural exporting nationslobbying for agricultural trade liberalization. It was formed in 1986 in Cairns, Australia just before the beginning of the Uruguay Round. Currentmembership:Argentina, Australia, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Indonesia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Paraguay, Philippines, South Africa, Thailand and Uruguay. ICAP —Common Agricultural Policy —The EU s comprehensive system of production targets and marketing mechanisms designed to manage agricultural trade within the EU and with the rest of the world.Codex Alimentarius —FAO/WHO commission that deals with international standards on food safety. distortion —When prices and production are higher or lower than levels that would usually exist in a competitive market.deficiency payment —Paid by governments to producers of certain commodities and based on the difference between a target price and the domestic market price or loan rate, whichever is the less. EEP —Export enhancement programme —programme of US export subsidies given generally to compete with subsidized agricultural exports from the EU on certain export markets.food security —Concept which discouragesopening the domestic market to foreign agricultural products on the principle that a country must be as self-sufficient as possible for its basic dietary needs. internal support —Encompasses any measure which acts to maintain producer prices at levels above those prevailing in international trade; direct payments to producers, including deficiency payments, and input and marketing cost reduction measures available only for agricultural production. International Office of Epizootics ——Deals with international standards concerning animal health. multifunctionality ——Idea that agriculture has many functions in addition to producing food and fibre, e.g. environmental protection, landscape preservation, rural employment, etc. See non-trade concerns. non-trade concerns —Similar to multifunctionality. The preamble of the Agriculture Agreement specifies food security and environmental protection as examples. Also cited by members are rural development and employment, and poverty alleviation.peace clause—Provision in Article 13 of the Agriculture Agreement says agricultural subsidies committed under the agreement cannot be challenged under other WTO agreements, in particular the Subsidies Agreement and GATT. Expires at the end of 2003.reform process/program —The Uruguay Round Agriculture Agreement starts a reform process. It sets out a first step, in the process, i.e. a program for reducing subsidies and protection and other reforms. Current negotiations launched under Article 20 are for continuing the reform process.SPS regulations ——Sanitary and Phytosanitary regulations —government standards to protect human, animal and plant life and health, to help ensure that food is safe for consumption. variable levy —Customs duty rate which varies in response to domestic price criterion.Intellectual propertyBerne Convention —Treaty, administered by WIPO, for the protection of the rights of authors in their literary and artistic works.CBD —Convention on Biological Diversity.compulsory licensing—For patents: when the authorities license companies or individuals other than the patent owner to use the rights of the patent —to make, use, sell or import a product under patent (i.e. a patented product or a product made by a patented process)—without the permission of the patent owner. Allowed under the TRIPS Agreement provided certain procedures and conditions are fulfilled. See also government use. counterfeit ——Unauthorized representation of a registered trademark carried on goods identical or similar to goods for which the trademark is registered, with a view to deceiving the purchaser into believing that he/she is buying the original goods. exhaustion —The principle that once a product has been sold on a market, the intellectual property owner no longer has any rights over it. (A debate among WTO member governments is whether this applies to products put on the market under compulsory licences.) Countries laws vary as to whether the right continues to be exhausted if the product is imported from one market into another, which affects the owner rights over trade in the protected product. See also parallel imports. geographical indications —Place names (or words associated with a place) used to identify products (for example, “ Champagne , intellectual property rights —Ownership of ideas, including literary and artistic works (protected by copyright), inventions (protected by patents), signs for distinguishing goods of an enterprise (protected by trademarks) and other elements of industrial property.IPRs —Intellectual property rights.Lisbon Agreement —Treaty, administered by WIPO, for the protection of geographical indications and their international registration. Madrid Agreement —Treaty, administered by WIPO, for the repression of false or deceptive indications of source on goods. mailbox —Refers to the requirement of the TRIPS Agreement applying to WTO members which do not yet provide product patent protection for pharmaceuticals and for agricultural chemicals. Since 1 January 1995, when the WTO agreements entered into force, these countries have to establish a means by which applications of patents for these products 'an be filed. (An additional requirement says they must also put in place a system for granting“ exclusive marketing rights ” for the products'whose patent applications have been filed.) parallel imports —When a product made legally (i.e. not pirated) abroad is imported without the permission of the intellectual property right-holder (e.g. the trademark oror “ Roquefort ” ) which have a particular quality reputation or other characteristic becausethey come from that place government use —For patents: when the government itself uses or authorizes other persons to use the rights over a patented product or process, for government purposes, without the permission of the patent owner. See also compulsory licensing.do not.Paris Convention —Treaty, administered by WIPO, for the protection of industrial intellectual property, i.e. patents, utility models, industrialdesigns, etc.piracy —Unauthorized copying of materials protected by intellectual property rights (such as copyright, trademarks, patents, geographical indications, etc) for commercial purposes and unauthorized commercial dealing in copied materials.Rome Convention —Treaty, administered by WIPO, UNESCO and ILO, for the protection of theTequilpatent owner). Some countries allow this, othersworks of performers, broadcasting organizations and producers of phonograms. TRIPS —Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights. UPOV ——International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of PlantsWashington Treaty —Treaty for the protection of intellectual property in respect of lay-out designs of integrated circuits.WIPO —World Intellectual Property Organization.Investment export-performance measure —Requirement that a certain quantity of production must be exported.FDI —Foreign direct investment. local-content measure —Requirement that the investor purchase a certain amount of local materials for incorporation in the investor product.product-mandating —Requirement that the investor export to certain countries or region. trade-balancing measure —Requirement that the investor use earnings from exports to pay for imports.TRIMS —Trade-related investment measures.Dispute settlementAppellate Body —An independent seven-person body that, upon request by one or more parties to the dispute, reviews findings in panel reports. automaticity ——The “ automatic ” chronological progression for settling trade disputes in regard to panel establishment, terms of reference,composition and adoption procedures.DSB —Dispute Settlement Body —when the WTO General Council meets to settle trade disputes.DSU —The Uruguay Round Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlementof Disputes.nullification and impairment ——Damage to a country ' s benefits and expectations from its WTO membership through another country ' s change in its trade regime or failure to carry out its WTOobligations.panel —Consisting of three experts, this independent body is established by the DSB to examine and issue recommendations on a particular dispute in the light of WTO provisions.Servicesaccounting rate —In telecoms, the charge made by one country ' s telephone network operator for 6alls originating in another country.commercial presence—Having an office, branch, or subsidiary in a foreign country. GATS —The WTO s General Agreement on Trade in Services. general obligations ——Obligations which should be applied to all services sector at the entry into force of the agreement.Initial commitments ——Trade liberalizing commitments in services which members are prepared to make early on.modes of delivery —How international trade in services is supplied and consumed. Mode 1: cross border supply; mode 2: consumption abroad; mode 3: foreign commercial presence; and mode 4: movement of natural persons.multi-modal ——Transportation using more than one mode. In the GATS negotiations, essentially door-to-door services that include international shipping.national schedules—The equivalent of tariff schedules in GATT, laying down the commitments accepted ——voluntarily or through negotiation —by WTO members.natural persons —People, as distinct from juridical persons such as companies and organizations.offer —A country ' s proposal for further liberalization.protocols —Additional agreements attached to the GATS. The Second Protocol deals with the 1995 commitments on financial services. The Third Protocol deals with movement of natural persons.prudence, prudential ——In financial services, terms used to describe an objective of market regulation by authorities to protect investors and depositors, to avoid instability or crises. schedule —“ Schedule of Specific Commitments —A WTO membe'r s list of commitments regarding market access and bindings regarding national treatment. specific commitments—See “ schedule ”.Regionalism/trade and developmentACP —African, Caribbean and Pacific countries. Group of 71 countries with preferential trading relation with the EU under the former Lom? Treaty now called the CotonouAgreement.Andean Community —Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela.APEC ——Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation forum.ASEAN —Association of Southeast Asian Nations. The seven ASEAN members of the WTO —Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand —often speak in the WTO as one group on general issues. The other ASEAN members are Laos and Vietnam. Caricom —The Caribbean Community and Common Market comprises 15 countries. CTD —The WTO Committee on Trade and DevelopmentCustoms union —Members apply a common external tariff (e.g. the EC).EC —European Communities (official name of the European Union in the WTO).EFTA —European Free Trade Association. free trade area —Trade within the group is duty free but members set own tariffs on imports from non-members (e.g. NAFTA).G15 —Group of 15 developing countries acting as the main political organ for the Non-Aligned Movement.G77 —Group of developing countries set up in 1964 at the end of the first UNCTAD (originally 77, but now more than 130 countries).G7 —Group of seven leading industrial countries: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, United States. GRULAC —Informal group of Latin-American members of the WTO. GSP —Generalized System of Preferences—programmes by developed countries granting preferential tariffs to imports from developing countries.HLM —WTO High - Level Meeting for LDCs, held in October 1997 in Geneva.ITC —The International Trade Centre, originally established by the old GATT and is now operated jointly by the WTO and the UN, the latter acting through UNCTAD. Focal point for technical cooperation on trade promotion of developing countries.LDCs —Least-developed countries. MERCOSUR I— Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. NAFTA —North American Free Trade Agreement of Canada, Mexico and the US. Quad —Canada, EC, Japan and the United States.SACU —Southern African Customs Union comprising Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa and Swaziland.S&D —“ Special and differential treatment provisions for developing countries. Contained in several WTO agreements.UNCITRAL ——United Nations Centre for International Trade Law, drafts model laws such as the one on government procurement. UNCTAD —The UN Conference on Trade and Development.Trade and environmentAgenda 21 —The Agenda for the 21st Century —a declaration from the 1992 Earth Summit (UN Conference on the Environment and Development) held in Rio de Janeiro.Article XX —GATT Article listing allowed“ exceptions ” htotrade rules.Basel Convention —An MEA dealing with hazardous waste.BTA —Border tax adjustment CITES ——Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species. An MEA.CTE —The WTO Committee on Trade and Environment.EST —Environmentally-sound technology.EST&P —EST and products.ex ante, ex post—Before and after a measure is applied.LCA —Life cycle analysis —a method of assessing whether a good or service is environmentally friendly.MEA —Multilateral environmental agreement. Montreal Protocol —An MEA dealing with the depletion of the earth ' s ozone layer. PPM —Process and production method. TBT —The WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade. waiver —Permission granted by WTO members allowing a WTO member not to comply with normal commitments. Waivers have time limits and extensions have to be justified.。

WTOWords世贸词汇学习好一门语言的语法固然重要，但是学会了语法后能够自由的应用显得更加的重要。

世贸外语打破常规,采用外国人全程授课。

下面是为你了WTO Words 世贸词汇，希望能帮助到您。

1、 (《农业协议》中关于反补贴的)和平条款peace clause2、生产补贴production subsidy3、消费膨胀inflated consumption4、慢性萧条chronic depression5、进口环节税import linkage tax6、北美自由贸易区NAFTA (North American Free Trade Area)7、全球配额global quota8、贸易和投资自由化和便利化TILF (Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation)9、国际清算international settlement10、垃圾融资junk financing11、申报制度reporting system; ine declaration system12、市场准人的行政管理措施AAMA (Administrative Aspects of Market Aess)13、关贸总协定，世界贸易组织的前身 GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)14、世界贸易组织 WTO (World Trade Organization)15、乌拉圭回合 Uruguay Round16、最惠国待遇（现通常称“正常贸易关系”）MFN（most-favored-nation) treatment17、争端解决机构 dispute settlement body18、《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》 DSU (Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes) 19、《北美自由贸易协定》 NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)20、东盟自由贸易区 ASEAN Free Trade Area21、东部和南部非洲共同市场 ESA (Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa)22、反倾销措施 anti-dumping measures against…23、非配额产品 quota-free products24、非生产性投资 investment in non-productive projects25、风险管理/评估 risk management/ assessment26、国际收支 balance of international payments/ balance of payment27、实行国民待遇 grant the national treatment to28、瓶颈制约 "bottleneck" restrictions29、非洲、加勒比和太平洋国家集团（洛美协定） ACP (African, Caribbean and Pacific Group)30、（补贴协议）可诉补贴 actionable subsidy31、上诉机构 appeal body32、基础税率 base tariff level33、国际收支条款 BOP(Balance-of-payments) Provisions34、既定日程 built-in agenda35、约束水平 bound level36、（欧盟）共同农业政策 Common Agriculture Policy37、规避 circumvention38、反补贴税 countervailing duty39、交叉报复 cross retaliation40、海关完税价值 customs value41、环保型技术 EST(Environmentally-sound technology)42、出口实绩 export performance43、出口补贴 export subsidy44、粮食安全 food security45、搭车者（享受其他国家最惠国待遇而不进行相应减让的国家） free-rider46、政府采购government procurement47、灰色区域措施 grey area measures48、 WTO最不发达国家高级别会议 HLM (WTO High-level Meeting for LDCs)49、协调制度（商品名称及编码协调制度） HS (Harmonized Commodity and Coding System)50、进口许可 import licensing51、进口渗透 import peration52、最初谈判权（初谈权） INRs (Initial Negotiating Rights)53、知识产权 IPRs (Intellectual property rights)54、最不发达国家 LDCs (Least-developed countries)55、当地含量 local content56、市场准入 market aess57、专门的营销机构 market boards58、国民待遇 national treatment59、（利益的）丧失和减损 nullification and impairment60、 (争端解决)专家组 panel61、诸边协议 plurilateral agreement62、（服务贸易）自然人流动 presence of natural person63、祖父条款 grandfather clause64、横向兼并 horizontal merger65、垂直兼并 vertical merger内容仅供参考。

MTI翻译专有名词NAFTA 北美自由贸易区= North American Free Trade Agreement of Canada, Mexico and the U.S.EFTA/AFTA 欧洲自由贸易区/东盟自由贸易区APEC 亚太经济合作组织=Asia-Pacific Economic CooperationASEAN 东南亚国家联盟=Association of South East Asian NationsNATO 北大西洋公约组织=North Atlantic Treaty OrganizationInternational Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织European Free Trade Association 欧洲自由贸易联盟International Atomic Energy Agency 国际原子能机构WWF 世界自然基金会=World Wildlife FundICC 国际商务委员会（美洲国际）= The Interstate Commerce Commission of U.S.A.WTO 世界贸易组织/世界旅游组织= World Trade Organization/ World Tourism Organization= Warsaw Treaty Organization 华沙条约组织WHO 世界卫生组织= World Health OrganizationUNSECO 联合国教科文组织=United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural OrganizationUN = Unites Nations 联合国Security Council 安理会World Bank 世界银行NASA 美国国家航天局=National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationA@ at 每a.a.r against all risks 全险acc acceptance;accepted 承兑;已承兑a.g.b a good brand 任何名牌ao account of 记入...帐目a.p. additional premium 附加保险a.r. all risks 全险AS;accs account sales 售货清单av;A V average 平均数BBB bill book 出纳簿BD bank draft 银行汇票bd. bond 债券bds. boards 董事会BE bill of exchange 汇票bk. bank book 帐簿bkg. banking 银行业BL bill of lading 提货单B.P.B bank post bill 银行汇票BR bank rate 银行贴现率BR;b.r. bill receivable 应收票据B.S;b.s. balance sheet 资产负债表bt bought 购入CC currency,coupon 现金,息单CA capital account 资本帐户CAD cash against document 凭单付款canclg. cancelling 取消cat. catalogue 目录CB cash book 现金簿CD cash dividend 现金折扣c.d. cum dividend 付股息报关单C and D collection and delivery 收款发货cert. certificate 证明CF carried forward 转下页cge. carriage 运费CH custom house 海关ch.ppd charges prepaid 预付费cl certificate insurance 保险证明书c&l cost and insurance 保险费在内价CIF cost,insurance and freight 到岸价格CO cash order 现金汇票C.O.t. change over to 转入COD cash on delivery 货到付款com. commercialcommission 商业;佣金cr. credit 货方ctge cartage 车费cur. current 本月;现付CWO cash with order 订货即付款cy. currency 货币DDC. deviation 贴现dd. delivered 交付de. deferred 延期deg. degree 等级dft. draft 汇票div dividend;division 红利;部门DN debit note 欠单;借项清单dols. dollars 美元DP documents against payment 付款交单dr. debtor drawer 债务人,借方d.r. dock receipt 存款收条DW deposit warrant 码头仓单dely. delivery 交付Eea. each 每e.d. ex dividend 股息除外eq. equivalent 等值exd. examined 已检查exs. expenses 费用Ff.i.t. free of income tax 免所得税FOB free on board 离岸价格FO for order 准备出售f.p;FP fully paid 付讫frt. freight 运费Ggrs.wt gross weight 毛重g.t.c. good till cancelled 未注销前有效H-Z1HHp horse power 马力h.p.n. horse power nominal 标称马力IIB invoice book 发票簿ib ibidem(in the same place) 同前;出处同上id idem(the same) 同上i.e. id est(that is) 即,就是IL import licence 进口许可证int. interest 利息inv. invoice 发票IOU I owe you 借据,欠条JJA joint account 共同帐户LLC letter of credit 信用证led. ledger 总帐簿LIP life insurance policy 人寿保险单LS locus sigil(place of seal) 盖印处MMA my account 本人帐户MC marginal credit 限界信贷MD memorandum of deposit 存款单min minimum,minute 最低额;分钟mks. marks 商标Mo money order 邮汇mos. months 月NNE;ne no effects 无存款ND no dated 未注明日期nf.n.f no funds 无款NM no mark 无商标;无标志NP notary public 公证人OOA on account of 因为od on demand 见票即付PPA private account 私人帐户PC price current 时价表pc. prices;piece 价格;个p.c.b petty cash book 零用现金簿PO postal order 汇票POB post office box 邮政信箱ppd. prepaid 预付pref. preference or preferred 优先prox. proximo(of the next month) 下月(拉) P.T.O. please turn over 转下页Qq.v. quod vide(which see) 请查阅q.y. query 查核RRD refer to drawer(banking) 请与出票接洽re. with referece to 关于recd. received 收到r.i. reinsurance 再保险r.l receipt for a loan 借据;欠条RSVP reply please 候复sect. section 部分sgd signed 已签署shr. share 股份std. standard 标准,本价stk. stock 存货,股票TTMO telegraph 电汇票TT;TT telegraphic transfers 电汇汇票VV;VS versus(against) 对,相反vid vide(see) 参阅viz. videlicet(namely) 即v.i vending list 售货清单Ww.r.t. with regard to 关于1 C&F(cost&freight)成本加运费价2 TT(telegraphic transfer)电汇3 DP(document against payment)付款交单4 DA (document against acceptance)承兑交单6 G.S.P.(generalized system of preferences)普惠制7 CTNCTNS(cartoncartons)纸箱8 PCEPCS(piecepieces)只、个、支等9 DLDLS(dollardollars)美元10 DOZDZ(dozen)一打11 PKG(package)一包,一捆,一扎,一件等12 WT(weight)重量13 G.W.(gross weight)毛重14 N.W.(net weight)净重15 CD (customs declaration)报关单16 EA(each)每个,各17 W (with)具有18 wo(without)没有19 FAC(facsimile)传真20 IMP(import)进口21 EXP(export)出口22 MAX (maximum)最大的、最大限度的23 MIN (minimum)最小的,最低限度24 M 或MED (medium)中等,中级的25 MV(merchant vessel)商船26 S.S(steamship)船运27 MT或MT(metric ton)公吨28 DOC (document)文件、单据29 INT(international)国际的30 PL (packing list)装箱单、明细表31 INV (invoice)发票32 PCT (percent)百分比33 REF (reference)参考、查价34 EMS (express mail special)特快传递35 STL.(style)式样、款式、类型36 T或LTX或TX(telex)电传37 RMB(renminbi)人民币38 SM (shipping marks)装船标记39 PR或PRC(price) 价格40 PUR (purchase)购买、购货41 SC(sales contract)销售确认书42 LC (letter of credit)信用证43 BL (bill of lading)提单44 FOB (free on board)离岸价45 CIF (cost,insurance&freight)成本、保险加运费价补充:CR=credit贷方,债主DR=debt借贷方(注意:国外常说的debt card,就是银行卡,credit card就是信誉卡。

国际贸易英语词汇7[合同/公约]protect infant industry 保护幼稚产业free trade zone自由贸易区export subsidy出口补贴return of product tax退税gsp: general system of preference普惠制gatt: general agreement on tariffs and trade关贸总协定wto: world trade organization世界贸易组织mfn: most-favored-nation (treatment)最惠国（待遇）tariff barriers关税壁垒trade liberalization贸易自由化export tariff出口关税transit tariff过境关税import tariff进口关税revenue tariff财政关税protective tariff保护性关税prohibitive tariff抑制性关税retaliatory tariff报复性关税regulatory tariff规定性关税anti-dumping tariff反倾销关税ad valorem tariff从价关税non-tariff trade barriers非关税贸易壁垒import license进口许可证government procurement政府采购technological barriers技术壁垒sdr: special drawing right特别提款权imf: international monetary fund国际货币基金组织counter subsidy tariff反补贴关税punitive tax惩罚性征税vat: value-added tax增殖税place of origin原产地exchange rate兑换率regional economic integration地区经济一体化nafta: north american free trade area北美自由贸易区free flow of labour and capital劳力资本的自由流动nit 2 quality of goodsintrinsic attributes内在属性outer form外观chemical composition化学构成natural / social attributes自然/社会属性tastes and requirements of customers顾客的品味要求tqm: total quality management全面质量管理different ways of showing quality:a sale by actual quality凭成交商品的实际品质买卖b sale by sample凭样品买卖c sale by specification凭规格买卖d sale by grade凭等级买卖e sale by standard凭标准买卖f sale by descriptions and illustrations凭说明书和图样买卖g sale by trade mark or brand凭商标或牌号买卖h sale by name of origin凭产地名称买卖i sale by inspection凭检验买卖unless the contract stipulates otherwise除非合同另有规定be entitled to claim compensation for losses or reject the goods有权索赔或拒收货物duplicate sample复样for your reference only仅供你方参考counter sample对等样品return sample回样representative sample代表性样品reference sample参考样品property right产权technical resources技术资源commercial inspection商检faq: fair average quality良好平均品质（大路货）gmq: good merchantable quality上好可销品质aquatic products水产品within the life of the quality assurance在质保期内。

QQuads 四方集团（指美国、欧盟、日本、加拿大）Qualification of Suppliers 供应商资格Qualification Procedures 资格审查程序Qualification System 资格审查制度Qualifications 资格Quantitative Ceiling 数量上限Quantitative Restriction 数量限制Quantity Commitment Levels 数量承诺水平Quantity trigger level 数量触发水平Quantum of International 国际贸易总量Quarantine Measures 检疫措施Quarantine Treatments 检疫处理Quasi-judicial 准司法Quota Period 配额期限Quota Price 配额价格Quota Restrictions 配额限制Quota System 配额制度quota-free products 非配额产品Quota-Hopping 配额跳过RRate of Subsidization 补贴率Reasonable Expectation 合理预期Reasonable Means 合理方法Reasonable Period of Time 合理期限Rebuttal Evidence 反驳的证据Rebuttal Submissions 书面辩驳Recidivist Dumping 习惯性倾销Recipient Country/Region 受援国/地区Reciprocal Trade 互惠贸易Reciprocity 对等Recommendations （争端解决）建议Recommendations of Findings 建议或裁决Recovery of Costs 成本收回Red Box 红箱Reduction Commitments 削减承诺Reference years 参考年（基期）Refund of Duties or Taxes 退税Regional trade 区域贸易Regional Trade Agreements 区域贸易协定Registration of a Trademark 商标注册Registry 登记处Regular Channels of Trade 正常贸易渠道Regulatory Duty 调节关税Regulatory Requirements 管理要求Related Persons 有关联关系的人Remedies 经济措施Remission or Drawback 减免与退税Renewal of Registration 注册续展Rental of Phonograms 录音制品出租Rental Rights 出租权Reporting system 申报制度Representations or Proposals 交涉或建议Representative Office 代表处Representative Period 代表期Request for a Waiver 请求豁免义务Request for Conciliation 请求调解Requirments of Use 使用要求Res Judicata 一事不再理Reservation Clause 保留条款Reserved Negotiations 保留谈判Residual Tariffs 剩余关税Residual Value 剩余价值Resource Rent 资源租金Responding Party 应诉方Restraint of Trade 贸易限制Restrictive Clauses 限制性条款Resumed dumping 继续倾销Retail Store Restriction 零售店限制Retailing Services 零售服务Retaliation 报复Retaliatory Measures 报复措施Retaliatory Subsidization 报复性补贴Retrospective Remedies 追溯性救济Revenue 税收Reverse Dumping 逆倾销Review 复审Review Session 审议会议Revocation 撤销Right Holder 权利持有人Right of Appeal 上诉权Right of Establishment 设立权Right of First Refusal 首次拒绝权利Right of Priority 优先权Right of Reproduction 复制权Right to Use a Trademark 商标使用权Risk assessment 风险分析Round 回合Routine Notification 例行通知Royalties 特许权费/使用费Rules of Origin 原产地规则Rules of Procedure 议事规则Rural Development 农村发展SSafeguard Agreement 保障措施协定Safeguard(SG) 保障措施Safe-Haven Agreement 安全港协定Safety Requirements 安全要求Sale for Export 出口销售Sales Tax 销售税Sanitary Inspection 卫生检查Scale of Contribution 会费分摊比例Schedular Tax 分类所得税Schedule of Commitments(GATS) 承诺减让表Schedule Price 价目表价格Schedules of Bindings 约束关税表Schedules of Concessions 减让表Schedules of concessions 减让时间表Scheduling 减让表制作Scientific Evidence 科学证据Scientific Justification 科学上的正当性Scientific Tariff 科学关税Scope of Appellate Review 上诉审查范围Screen Quota 反映限额Screen Time 反映时间Screwdriver Operations 改锥业务Secondary Dumping 二级倾销Second-Level Obligations 第二层义务Sectoral Commitments 部门承诺Sector-Specific Commitments 部门具体承诺Security 担保Security Exceptions 安全例外Security Services 证券服务Selection Procedures 选择程序Selective Safeguard 选择性保障措施Selective Safeguard Clause 严重损害Self-Certification 自我认证Self-Regulatory 自律组织Sellers’Price List 卖方价格清单Selling Price 销售价格Semi-Generic Wine Names 半通用酒名Separate Customs Territory 单独关税区Sequencing 先后顺序Serious Adverse 严重不利影响Serious injury 严重损害Serious Prejudice 严重侵害Service Address 送达地址Service Industry 服务业Service Mark 服务商标Service Market Access 服务贸易市场准入Service Regulations 服务管理Services 服务Services Supplier 服务提供者Settlement of Claims 权利请求的解决Shrimp Case 虾案Similar Goods 类似货物Singapore Agenda 新加坡议程Singapore Issues新加坡议题Single Approach 单一方式Single Tendering 单一来源采购Single Unified Market 单一统一市场Situation Complaints 情势之诉Small Economies 小经济体Social Dumping 社会倾销Social Labeling 社会标签Social Services 社会服务Social Subsidies 社会补贴Social Welfare Charges 社会福利费用Sole Agent 独家代理人Sole Concessionaire 独家受让人Sole Distributor 独家经销人Special Economic Areas 特殊经济区Special Import Measures Act 特殊进口措施法Special Safeguards（SSG）特殊保障措施Special Treatment（ST）（农业协议）特别处理Specialist 专家Specialist in Accounts 会计账目专家Specific Duty 特别关税Specific License 特种许可证Specific Measure 具体措施Specific Subsidy 专向性补贴Specific tariff 从量税Specificity 专向性Specificity Principle 专向性原则Specificity Test 专向性测试Sporadic Dumping 零星倾销Spurious Dumping 假倾销Square Brackets 方括号Staff Regulations 职员条例Staff report 工作人员报告Staff Rules 职员规则Stamp Tax 印花税Standard of Review 审查标准Standardization 标准化Standardization Activities 标准化活动Standardizing 标准化机构Standards 标准Standards Code 标准守则Standing Appellate Body 常设上诉机构Standstill Commitment 维持现状承诺Standstill Provisions 维持现状规定Stare Decisis 遵循先例Start-Up Period 投产期间Start-Up Situation 投产状态State Pricing 国家定价State Responsibility 国家责任State Trading 国营贸易State Trading Commitment 国营贸易承诺State Trading Countries 国营贸易国家State-Owned Enterprises 国有企业State-Trading Dumping 国营贸易倾销Statism 国家主义Stockpiling Exception 储存例外Strategic Duping 战略倾销Subheading 子目Subject Matter of a Patent 专利的客体Submission 递交材料Sub-National Obligation 地方政府义务Subsequent Practice 嗣后做法Subsidiaries 独资子公司Subsidiary 从属性Subsidiary Bodies 附属机构Subsidies 补贴Subsidized Goods 补贴产品Subsidizing Member 进行补贴的成员Subsidy 补贴Subsidy Practice 补贴做法Substantial Improvement 实质性改善Substantial Interest 实质利益Substantial Transformation 实质性改变Substantive Disciplines 实质性纪律Substantive Meeting 实质性会议Substitutable Products 替代品Sunset Clause 日落条款Sunset Industry 夕阳产业Sunset Review 日落复审Supplemental Information 补充信息Supplementary Criteria 补充标准Support Price 支持价格Surrogate Country 替代国Suspend concessions 暂停减让Suspension of an Investigation 中止调查Suspension of Concessions 中止减让Suspension of Release 中止放行Sustainable Development 可持续发展Swiss Formula 瑞士公式Symmetrical Comparisons 对称比较Sympathetic Consideration 积极考虑TTargeted Dumping 目标倾销Tariff Act 关税法Tariff Anomaly 关税异常Tariff Bindings 约束关税/ 关税约束承诺tariff classification 关税分类Tariff Concessions 关税减让Tariff Consolidation 关税合并Tariff Equivalent 关税等值Tariff Escalation 关税升级Tariff Increase 提高关税Tariff Item 税号Tariff Laws 关税法规Tariff Level 关税水平Tariff line 税号Tariff Line 税则号列Tariff Negotiations 关税谈判Tariff Nomenclature 税则目录Tariff peaks 关税高峰Tariff Policy 关税政策Tariff Preferences 关税优惠Tariff Protection 关税保护Tariff Quota 关税配额Tariff Range 关税范围Tariff Rate 关税税率Tariff rate quotas （TRQ ）关税配额Tariff Schedule 关税表Tariff Structure 关税结构Tariff Union(CU) 关税同盟Tariff valuation 关税估价Tariff War 关税战Tariff Zone 关税区Tariff-Cutting Formula 关税减让公式Tariff-Free Quota 免税配额Tariffication 关税化Tariff-Only Regime 单一关税机制Tariffs 关税Tax Credit 税收抵免Tax Subsidy 税收补贴Taxation Services 税收服务Taxed Product 国内征税产品Technical Expertise 技术专长Technical Regulation 技术法规Technical Specifications 技术规格Technical Sub-Committee 技术小组委员会Telecommunication Services 电信服务案Telecommunications 电信Telecommunications Annex 电信附件Telecommunications Services 电信服务Television Services 电视服务Tendering Documents 招标文件Tendering Procedures 招标程序Term of Patent Protection 专利保护期Terms of Reference 职权范围条款Test Methods 检验方法Test Value 测试价格Testing and Inspection 检验和检查Textile Committee 纺织品委员会Textile Designs 纺织品设计Textile Trade 纺织品贸易The Contracting Parties 缔约方全体The contraction in demand 需求萎缩Threat of Injury 损害威胁Threat of Serious Injury 严重损害威胁Threshold 最低限额Threshold Price 门槛价Threshold Value 最低限价Tied Investment 捆绑式投资Tiered Formula 分层公式Time-Limited Exceptions 有时限的例外Time-Schedules 时间表Tokyo Round 东京回合Tolerances for Contaminants 污染物允许量Top-Down Approach 自上而下的方法Torquay Round 托奎回合Total AMS 综合支持总量Total AMS Commitment 综合支持总量承诺Total Eligible Costs 可计入总成本Tourism Satellite Account 旅游卫星账户Tourist Guides Services 导游服务Trade and Environment 贸易与环境Trade Defence Measures 贸易防御措施Trade Diversion 贸易转移Trade diversion inquiry 贸易转移调查Trade Facilitation 贸易便利化Trade in goods 货物贸易Trade in Services 服务贸易Trade in Services Statistics 服务贸易统计Trade Name 商号Trade or Business Association 同业公会或商会Trade Policy 贸易政策Trade Policy Review 贸易政策审议Trade preferences 贸易优先Trade Regulations 贸易法规Trade Relief 贸易补救Trade Remedies 贸易救济Trade Rules for Services 服务贸易规则Trade Secrets 商业秘密Trade Statistics 贸易统计Trade Surplus 贸易盈余Trade, Debt and Finance 贸易、债务和金融Trademark 商标Trading Rights 贸易权Traffic Rights 航空权Training Services 培训服务Transaction in Services 服务交易Transaction Value 成交价格Transfer Duties 转让税Transfer of Liabilities 债务转移Transfer of Payments 转移支付Transitional Safeguard 过渡性保障措施Translation Issues 翻译问题Transparency 透明度Transport Subsidy 运输补贴Transshipment 转运Treaty Interpretation 条约解释Trigger Clause 触发条款Trigger Level 触发水平Trigger Price 触发价格Triggering Point 触发点Turnover Tax 营业税UUnder-Invoicing 低报出口Undertaking 承诺Undisclosed Information 未披露信息Unforeseen Development 不可预见的发展Uniform Tariff 统一关税Unit Amount of a Subsidy 单位补贴额Universal Services 普遍服务Unrequited Export 无偿出口Upstream Dumping 上游倾销Upstream Subsidy 上游补贴Urban Planning Services 城市规划服务Urgent Circumstances 紧急问题Uruguay Round 乌拉圭回合Use in Good Faith 善意使用Use of a Trademark 商标使用User Member 用户成员VVagueness of Claims 权利请求模糊Valuation Basis 估价基础Valuation Effect 估价效果Valuation of Contracts 合同估价Valuation Option 估价选择Valuation Procedures 估价程序Valuation System 估价系统Value Added Tax System 增值税制度Value Added Tax（VAT）增值税Value-Added Telecommunications 增值电信Variable duties 差价税Variable Duty 可变税Variable Import 进口差价税Variable Levies差价税Verification 核实Vertical merger 垂直兼并Veterinary Services 兽医服务Violation Claims 违反之诉Visible Balance 有形收支余额Visible Export and Import 有形进出口Visible Trade 有形贸易Visible Trade Balance 有形贸易余额Voluntary Export Quota 自愿出口配额Voluntary Restraint of Export 自愿出口限制Voluntary Standard 自愿性标准Voluntary Undertakings 自愿承诺WWaiver （WTO 义务）豁免Water Transport Services 水运服务Welfare Services 社会福利服务Well-Known Trademark 驰名商标Wheat Flour 面粉案Wholesale Trade Services 批发服务Withdraw 撤回Withdraw concessions 撤销减让Withdraw from the Agreement 退出协定Withdrawal 退出Withdrawal of the Measures 措施撤回Withholding of Concessions 停止减让Witness statement 证词Work of Applied Art 实用艺术作品Working party 工作组Working Procedures 工作程序Wrongful Detention of Goods 错误扣押商品WTO Agreement WTO 协议WTO Secretariat 世界贸易组织秘书处YYearly Updates 年度更新ZZero Binding 零关税约束Zero Duties 零关税Zero-for-Zero Approach 零对零方法Zero-for-Zero Principle 零对零原则Zero-for-Zero Proposal 零对零建议Zeroing 归零Zero-Margin Harmonization 零差别协调。

⼝译词汇汇总共10类）Chinese Governmental Sections after the Adminitrative Transformation1、外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs2、国防部Ministry of National Defence3、国家发展计划委员会State Development Planning Commission4、国家经济计划委员会State Economy and Trade Commission5、教育部Ministry of Education 全国⾼考the National College Entrance Examination6、科学技术部Ministry of Science and Technology7、国防科学技术⼯业委员会Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defence8、国家民族事务委员会State Ethnic Affairs Commission9、公安部Ministry of Public Security 10、国家安全部Ministry of State Security 11、监察部Ministry of Supervision 12、民政部Ministry of Civil Affairs 13、司法部Ministry of Justice 14、财政部Ministry of Finance 15、⼈事部Ministry of Personnel 16、劳动和社会保障部Ministry of Labour and Social Security 17、国⼟资源部Ministry of Land and Resources 18、建设部Ministry of Construction 19、铁道部Ministry of Railways 20、交通部Ministry of Communications 21、信息产业部Ministry of Information Industry 22、⽔利部Ministry of Water Resources 23、农业部Ministry of Agricultry 24、对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation 25、⽂化部Ministry of Culture 26、卫⽣部Ministry of Health 27、国家计划⽣育委员会State Family Planning Commission 28、中国⼈民银⾏The People's Bank of China 29、审计署National Auditing Administration2020-12-12【关键字】英语、⽅案、环节、会议、效益、质量、模式、增长、⾏动、计划、监测、地⽅、问题、战略、系统、体制、持续、合作、保持、统⼀、发展、建设、研究、措施、安全、意识、地位、基础、利益、环境、政策、⼯程、项⽬、资源、重点、负担、制度、⽅式、标准、⽅针、⽔平、秩序、关系、检验、协商、分析、制约、保护、推⾏、规划、管理、坚持、贯彻、服务、强化、⽀持、教育、解决、调整、改善、保障、促进、改⾰、实现、提⾼、转变、协调、实施、中⼼汉英⼝译分类词汇（05）--环境保护词汇21世纪议程Agenda 21 （the international plan of action adopted by governments in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro Brazil（巴西⾥约）, — provides the global consensus on the road map towards sustainable development）世界环境⽇World Environment Day (June 5th each year)世界环境⽇主题World Environment Day Themes 环境千年—⾏动起来吧！（2000）The Environment Millennium - Time to Act！拯救地球就是拯救未来！（1999）Our Earth - Our Future - Just Save It!为了地球上的⽣命—拯救我们的海洋!（1998）For Life on Earth - Save Our Seas!为了地球上的⽣命（1997）For Life on Earth我们的地球、居住地、家园（1996）Our Earth, Our Habitat, Our Home国际⽣物多样性⽇International Biodiversity Day (29 December)世界⽔⽇World Water Day (22 March)世界⽓象⽇World Meteorological Day(23 March)世界海洋⽇World Oceans Day (8 June )联合国环境与发展⼤会（环发⼤会）United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED)环发⼤会⾸脑会议Summit Session of UNCED联合国环境规划署United Nations Environment Programs （UNEP）2000年全球环境展望报告GEO-2000; Global Environmental Outlook 2000⼊选“全球500佳奖” be elected to the rank of Global 500 Roll of Honor 联合国⼈类居住中⼼UN Center for Human Settlements (UNCHS)改善⼈类居住环境最佳范例奖Best Practices in Human Settlements Improvement⼈与⽣物圈⽅案Man and Biosphere (MAB) Programme (UNESCO)中国21世纪议程China’s Agenda 21中国⽣物多样性保护⾏动计划China Biological Diversity Protection Action Plan中国跨世纪绿⾊⼯程规划China Trans-Century Green Project Plan国家环境保护总局State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA)中国环保基本⽅针China’s guiding principles for environmental protection坚持环境保护基本国策adhere to the basic state policy of environmental protection推⾏可持续发展战略pursue the strategy of sustainable development贯彻经济建设、城乡建设、环境建设同步规划、同步实施、同步发展（三同步）的⽅针carry out a strategy of synchronized planning, implementation and development in terms of economic and urban and rural development and environmental protection (the “three synchronizes”principle)促进经济体制和经济增长⽅式的转变promote fundamental shifts in the economic system and mode of economic growth实现经济效益、社会效益和环境效益的统⼀bring about harmony of economic returns and contribution to society and environmental protection中国环保基本政策the basic policies of China’s environmental protection预防为主、防治结合的政策policy of prevention in the first place and integrating prevention with control污染者负担的政策“the-polluters-pay” policy强化环境管理的政策policy of tightening up environmental management⼀控双达标政策policy of “One Order, Two Goals”: “⼀控”：12种⼯业污染物的排放量控制在国家规定的排放总量The total discharge of 12 industrial pollutants in China by the end of 2000 shall not exceed the total amount mandated by the central government.; “双达标”：1. 到2000年底，全国所有的⼯业污染源要达到国家或地⽅规定的污染物排放标准The discharge of industrial pollutants should meet both national and local standards by the end of 2000. 2. 到2000年底，47个重点城市的空⽓和地⾯⽔达到国家规定的环境质量标准 2. Air and surface water quality in all urban districts in 47 major cities should meet related national standards by the end of 2000.对新项⽬实⾏环境影响评估conduct environmental impact assessments (EIA) on start-up projects提⾼全民环保意识raise environmental awareness amongst the general public查处违反环保法规案件investigate and punish acts of violating laws and regulations on environmental protection⽂档来源为:从⽹络收集整理.word版本可编辑.欢迎下载⽀持. 环保执法检查environmental protection law enforcement inspection限期治理undertake treatment within a prescribed limit of time中国已加⼊的国际公约international conventions into which China has accessed 控制危险废物越境转移及其处置的巴塞尔公约Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer⽣物多样性公约Convention on Biological Diversity防治荒漠化国际公约Convention to Combat Desertification⽓候变化框架公约United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change⽣态⽰范区eco-demonstration region; environment-friendly region国家级⽣态⽰范区（珠海）Nationally Designated Eco-Demonstration Region国家级园林城市Nationally Designated Garden City 对⽔质和空⽓质量的影响impact on the quality of the water and the air治理环境污染curb environmental pollution; bring the pollution under control 海藻mostly in polluted waters)⼯业固体废物industrial solid wastes⽩⾊污染white pollution (by using and littering of non-degradable white plastics)可降解⼀次性塑料袋throwaway bio-degradable plastic bags放射性废料积存accumulation of radioactive waste 有机污染物organic pollutants氰化物、砷、汞排放cyanide, arsenic, mercury discharged铅、镉、六价铬lead, cadmium, sexivalent chromium 城市垃圾⽆害化处理率decontamination rate of urban refuse垃圾填埋场refuse landfill垃圾焚化⼚refuse incinerator防⽌过度利⽤森林protect forests from overexploitation森林砍伐率rate of deforestation⽔⼟流失water and soil erosion⼟壤盐碱化soil alkalization 农药残留pesticide residue⽔⼟保持conservation of water and soil⽣态农业environment-friendly agriculture; eco-agriculture⽔资源保护区water resource conservation zone海⽔淡化sea water desalinization保护珊瑚礁、红树林和渔业资源protect coral reefs, mangrove and fishing resource绿化祖国turn the country green全民义务植树⽇National Tree-Planting Day造林⼯程afforestation project绿化⾯积afforested areas; greening space森林覆盖率forest coverage防风林wind breaks （防沙林sand breaks）速⽣林fast-growing trees降低资源消耗率slow down the rate of resource degradation开发可再⽣资源develop renewable resources 环保产品environment-friendly products⾃然保护区nature reserve野⽣动植物wild fauna and flora保护⽣存环境conserve natural habitats濒危野⽣动物endangered wildlife珍稀濒危物种繁育基地rare and endangered species breeding center⾃然⽣态系统natural ecosystems防⽌沙漠化（治沙、抗沙）desertification 环境负荷carrying capacity of environment三废综合利⽤multipurpose use of three types of wastes先天与后天，遗传与环境nature-nurture美化环境landscaping design for environmental purposes防⽌沿海地带不可逆转恶化protect coastal zones from irreversible degradation环境恶化environmental degradation城市化失控uncontrolled urbanization温饱型农业subsistence agriculture贫困的恶性循环vicious cycle of poverty⼤⽓监测系统atmospheric monitoring system 空⽓污染浓度air pollution concentration酸⾬、越境空⽓污染acid rain and transboundary air pollution⼆氧化硫排放sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions 悬浮颗粒物suspended particles⼯业粉尘排放industrial dust discharged烟尘排放soot emissions⼆氧化氮nitrate dioxide (NO2)矿物燃料（煤、⽯油、天然⽓）fossil fuels: coal, oil, and natural gas清洁能源clean energy汽车尾⽓排放motor vehicle exhaust尾⽓净化器exhaust purifier⽆铅汽油lead-free gasoline天然⽓汽车gas-fueled vehicles 电动汽车cell-driven vehicles; battery cars氯氟烃CFCs温室效应greenhouse effect厄尔尼诺南徊ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation)噪⾳noise （分贝db; decibel）化学需氧量（衡量⽔污染程度的⼀个指标）COD；chemical oxygen demand⽣物需氧量BOD; biological oxygen demand ⼯业废⽔处理率treatment rate of industrial effluents 城市污⽔处理率treatment rate of domestic sewage集中处理⼚centralized treatment plant红潮red tide (rapid propagation of sea algae英语“⽓象”⽤语表达法1、⽓候种类⼭地⽓候mountain climate 恒风constant wind 微风breeze冬季季风⽓候winter monsoon climate 逆风headwind 台风typhoon 季风⽓候monsoon climate ⾼⽓压high-pressure 锋⾯frontal edge亚热带⽓候sub-tropical climate ⽓团air mass 热浪heat wave ⾼原⽓候plateau climate 闪电lightning 雾fog海滨⽓候littoral climate 凉cool 霜frost极地⽓候polar climate 雪堆snowdrift 露dew 热带⽓候tropical climate 寒冷chilly 3、风的名称温带沙漠⽓候temperate desert climate 间歇⾬intermittent rain ⽆风calm温带⼲燥⽓候temperate arid climate ⼤⾬heavy rain 轻风light breeze热带季风⽓候tropical monsson climate 信风trade wind 微风gentle breeze⼤陆⽓候continental climate 天⽓预报weather forecast 和风moderate breeze沙漠⽓候desert climate ⽢霖welcome rain 清风fresh breeze沿海⽓候coastal climate 冰柱icicle 强风strong breeze⾼地⽓候highland climate 西北风northwester 疾风near gale海洋⽓候marine climate 地形⾬local rains ⼤风gale森林⽓候forest climate 狂风squall 烈风strong gale温带⽓候temperate climate ⾬季rainy season 狂风storm湿润⽓候humid climate ⾬点raindrops 暴风violent storm温带草原⽓候temperate grassy climate 东北信风northeast trades 飓风hurricane热带⾬林⽓候tropical rainy climate 东南风southeaster 台风typhoon热带海洋⽓候tropical marine climate 风级wind scale 龙卷风tornado2、⽓象⽤语虹rainbow 4、浪的名称⼩⾬light rain 阵⾬shower 平静calm⽑⽑⾬drizzle,fine rain 疾风gusty wind 微波rippled反常天⽓freakish weather ⽓旋cyclone 微浪smooth wavelets北风north wind ⽓压barometric pressure 细浪light seas冰ice 阴天cloudy day ⼩浪moderate seas冰点freezing point 雪花snow flake 中浪rough seas西南风southwester 晴clear ⼤浪very rough seas冷峰cold front 顺风favorable wind 强浪high seas低⽓压low-pressure 闷热天⽓muggy weather 巨浪very high seas⾬量rainfall 雹hail 狂浪monster waves东北风northeaster 雷thunder 5、⾃然灾害东风east wind 滂沱⼤⾬downpour ⽕⼭地震volcanic earthquake炎热scorching heat 暖锋warm front 海啸tidal wave风眼eye of a storm 零度zero ⼭崩landslide零度以下subzero汉英⼝译分类词汇（06）--机关机构词汇⼀、部属机构属译名（以化学⼯业为例）化学⼯业部Ministry of Chemical Industry 办公厅General Office 计划司Planning Department 外事司Foreign Affairs Department ⼈事司Personnel Department 化⼯新材料局New Chemical Material Department 化⼯司Chemical Department 橡胶司Rubber Department 炼化司Department of Refining and Chemicals 矿⼭司Chemical Mines Bureau 化⼯规划院Chemical Planning Institute 设备总公司Equipment General Corporation 基建局Capital Construction Department 教育司Education Department 化肥司Chemical Fertilizer Department 供销局Department of Supply and Sales⼆、市属机械译名（以北京市为例）北京市⼈⼤常委会Standing Committee of Beijing Municipal People's Congress 中国共产党北京市委员会Beijing Municipal Committee of the CPC中国⼈民政治协商会议北京市委员会Beijing Municipal Committee of the CPPCC北京市⼈民政府Beijing Municipal People's Government ⾼级⼈民法院High People's Court ⼈民检察院People's Procuratorate 外事办公室Foreign Affairs Office 侨务办公室Overseas Chinese Affairs Office 财贸办公室Office of Finance and Trade ⽂教办公室Office of Culture and Education 计划委员会Planning Committee 经济委员会Economic Committee 城乡建设委员会Committee of Municipal and Rural Construction 科学技术委员会Committee of Science and Technology 城市规划委员会Committee of Municipal Design 对外经贸委员会Committee of Economic Trade for Foreign Countries 市政管理委员会Municipal Administration Committee 民族委员会Nationalities Committee 体育委员会Physical Culture and Sports Committee 计划⽣育委员会Family Planning Committee ⼈事局Personnel Bureau 科技⼲部管理局Bureau of Scientific and Technical Personnel⽼⼲部局Bureau of Retired Veteran Cadres 统计局Statistical Bureau 物价局Bureau of Commodity Price ⼯商⾏政管理局Administration Bureau for Industry and Commerce 商品检验局Bureau for Inspection of Commodities 审计局Auditing Bureau 财政局Finance Bureau 税务局Tax Bureau 劳动局Labor Bureau 档案局Archives Bureau 物资管理局Bureau of Materials 标准计量局Bureau of Standard Measurement 公⽤局Bureau if Public Utilities ⼴播电视局Bureau of Radio and Television教育委员会Education Committee ⽂化局Bureau of Culture ⽂物事业管理局Bureau of Cultural Relics 卫⽣局Health Bureau 乡镇企业管理局Bureau if Township Enterprise Management 地质矿产局Bureau of Geology and mineral Resources 农业局Agricultural Bureau 林业局Forestry Bureau ⽔产局Bureau of Aquatic Products ⽓象局Meteorological Bureau ⽔资源管理局Control Bureau of Water Resources 园林局Bureau of Parks and Woods 环境保护局Bureau for Environmental Protection 环境卫⽣管理局Bureau for Environmental Health 商业委员会Commerce Committee 粮⾷局Food Bureau 房地产管理局Real Estate Bureau 城市规划管理局Bureau for Municipal Design 机械设备成套局Bureau for Complete Plants of Machinery and Equipment 公安局Public Security Bureau 安全局Security Bureau 司法局Justice Bureau 民政局Bureau of Civil Affairs 劳改⼯作管理局Bureau of Reform-through-Labor Work 旅游局Travel Bureau/Tourism Administration 铁路局Railways Bureau 邮政局Post Bureau 电信局Telecommunications Bureau 北京民航管理局Beijing Bureau of Civil Aviation 北京海关Beijing Customs 外交⼈员服务局Service Bureau for Foreign Officials ⾸都钢铁公司Capital Iron and Steel Company 燕⼭⽯化总公司Yanshan Petro-Chemical Industry Corporation三、企业半导体器械⼚Semi-Conductor Apparatus Plant 包装材料⼚Packaging Materials Plant 保温瓶⼚Thermos Flask Factory 炼钢⼚Steel Works 被单⼚Bed sheet Factory 变压器⼚Transformer factory 玻璃制品⼚Glassware Factory 茶⼚Tea Processing Factory 柴油机⼚Diesel Engine Plant 车辆制造⼚Railway Car Plant 船舶修造⼚Ship Repair Yard 灯具⼚Lighting Equipment Factory 低压开关⼚Low-Voltage Switch Factory 汽车制造⼚Automobile Works 发电⼚Power Plant 电动⼯具⼚Electric Tool Works 电机⼚Electrical Machinery Plant 电讯器材⼚Telecommunication Apparatus Factory 电⼦管⼚Electronic Tube Factory 电⼦设备⼚Electronic Equipment Factory 铸造⼚Foundry Works 纺织机械⼚Textile Machinery Plant 服装⼚Garment Factory ⽪⾰制品⼚Leather Goods Factory 罐头⾷品⼚Canned Food Plant 光学仪器⼚Optical Instrument Factory ⼴播器材⼚Broadcasting Equipment Factory 锅炉⼚Boiler Factory 化肥⼚Chemical Fertilizer Plant 化⼯⼚Chemical Works 化学纤维⼚Chemical Fiber Plant 化妆品⼚Cosmetics Plant 机床⼚Machine Tools Plant 机械修理⼚Machine Repair Plant 建筑机械⼚Construction Machinery Plant ⾦属⼯艺制品⼚Metal Handicraft Plant 晶体管⼚Transistor Factory 绝缘材料⼚Insulating Materials Plant 民族乐器⼚Folk Music Instrument Factory 炼油⼚Oil Refinery 粮油加⼯⼚Grain and Cooking Oil Processing Factory ⽑纺织⼚Woolen Mill ⽊材⼚Timber Mill 家具⼚Furniture Factory 农药⼚Insecticide Factory 啤酒⼚Beer Brewery 汽车修配⼚Motor-Car Repair and Assembly Plant ⼈造纤维⼚Artificial Fiber Plant 乳品加⼯⼚Milk Processing Plant ⽯油化⼯机械⼚Petro-Chemical Machinery Plant ⽔泥⼚Cement Plant 塑料⼚Plastics Plant 搪瓷⼚Enamel Plant 陶瓷⼚Pottery and porcelain Factory 通⽤机械⼚General Machinery Plant 玩具⼚Toy Factory ⽆线电器材⼚Radio Appliances Factory 五⾦⼚Hardware Factory 橡胶⼚Rubber Plant 制药⼚Pharmaceutical Factory ⽺⽑衫⼚Woolen Sweater Mill 针织⼚Knitwear Mill 冶炼⼚Metallurgical Plant 医疗器械⼚Medical Apparatus Factory 仪表⼚Instrument and Meters Factory 饮料⼚Soft Drinks Plant 印染⼚Printing and Dyeing Mill 油漆⼚Paint Factory 有机化⼯⼚Organic Chemical Plant 造纸机械⼚Paper Making Machinery Plant 造船⼚Shipbuilding Plant ⾃⾏车⼚Bicycle Plant四，公司、企业集团家⽤电器有限公司Household Electrical Appliance Co., Ltd. 技贸公司Technology and Trade Co., Ltd. 钢铁公司Iron and Steel Company 保安服务公司Security Service Company 针织有限公司Knitting Company Ltd. 实业集团公司Industrial Group Corporation 国际租赁公司International Leasing Company 电⼦技术开发公司Electronic Technology Development Co. ⽑纺织有限公司Woolen Textile Co., Ltd. 系统⼯程有限公司System Engineering Corporation 计算机集团公司Computer Group Co. 时装有限公司Fashion Company Ltd. ⼴告公司Advertising Company 科学技术开发公司Science and Technical Development Company ⽔产品有限公司Aquatic Product Company Ltd. 旅游公司Travel Corporation 服装公司Garment Company Ltd. 国际⼴告展览有限公司International Advertising and Exposition Co., Ltd.电冰箱⼚有限公司Refrigerator Factory Co., Ltd. 电风扇⼯业公司Electric Fan Industry Company 电话技术开发服务公司Telephonic Technology Development Service Co.电⼒机械制造公司Electrical Machinery Manufacturing Company 电信发展公司Telecommunications Development Co. 电⼦器材公司Electronic Equipment & Materials Corporation 建筑⼯程Construction Project Consulting 咨询公司Corporation 科学仪器Scientific Instrument Import and 进出⼝公司Export Co. 仪器设备公司Instrument and Equipment Company 汽车企业集团Automobile Enterprise Group 技术开发咨询公司Technical Development and Consultancy Co. 对外服务公司Foreign Service Company 对外经济发展公司Foreign Economic Development Company 纺织企业集团Textile Enterprise Group 对外贸易公司Foreign Trade Company 贸易有限公司Trading Company Ltd. 国际投资有限公司International Investment Company 塑料制品有限公司Plastic Products Co., Ltd. ⼯艺美术品公司Arts and Crafts Corporation 国际经济技术合作公司International Economic & Technological Consulting Corporation 国际经济开发公司International Economic Development Corporation 国际科技咨询公司International Scientific and Technological Consulting Corporation 国际贸易展览公司International Trade Exhibition Company 国际商业服务公司International Commercial Service Company 国际信息处理有限公司International Information Processing Co., Ltd.国际经济合作公司International Economic Cooperation Corporation 国际⼯程集团International Engineering Group Corporation 制⾐实业公司Garments Industrial Company 化⼯⼯程咨询公司Chemical Engineering Consulting Corporation 计算机技术Computer Technology Service 服务公司Corporation ⼯程承包有限公司Project Contracting Co., Ltd. 建筑设计合资公司Building Design Joint Venture Corporation 交通进出⼝Communications Import & Export 服务公司Service Company 饭店集团服务公司Hotel Group, Ltd. 饮料有限公司Beverage Company Limited 建筑⼯程公司Construction Engineering Co. 陶瓷企业集团Porcelain Industry Complex 饲料技术开发集团Feed Technological Development Group 能源开发公司Energy Development Corporation 民办交通信息中⼼Non-Governmental Transport Information Center 国货有限公司China Products Company Ltd. ⽓象服务公司Meteorological Service Company 农资公司Agricultural Materials Company 化纤⼯业集团公司Chemical Fiber Industry Group 房产投资有限公司Realty & Investment Company 房地产开发公司Real Estate Development Company 国际集装箱有限公司International Container Co., Ltd. 证券公司Securities Company 塑料⽪⾰⼯业公司Plastics and Leather Industrial Company 讨债公司Debt Collecting Company 新型建筑材料供应公司New Building Materials Supply Company四、⾦融、保险机构中国⼈民银⾏People's Bank of China 中国⼈民建设银⾏People's Construction Bank of China 中国⼯商银⾏Industrial and Commercial Bank of China 中国农业银⾏Agricultural Bank of China 中国银⾏Bank of China 交通银⾏Bank ofCommunications 中国投资银⾏China Investment Bank中信实业银⾏CITIC Industrial Bank 中国光⼤银⾏Everbright Bank of China 厦门国际银⾏Xiamen International Bank ⼴东发展银⾏Guangdong Development Bank 浦东发展银⾏Pudong Development Bank中国国际信托投资公司China International Trust ＆Investment Corporation 中国⼈民保险公司People's Insurance Company of China 平安保险公司Ping An Insurance Company 中国⼈寿保险公司China Life Insurance Company Ltd.五、商店书店books store 粮店grain store ⾷品点food store 煤店coal store ⾷品杂货（副⾷品）店grocery 酱园sauce and pickles shop ⾁店meat (butcher's) shop 酒店wine shop ⽔产店aquatic products shop 家禽店fowl shop ⾖腐店bean curd shop 烤⾁店roast meat shop 卤味店sauced meat shop 饮⾷店food and drink shop ⼩吃店eating house (snack bar) 饭店restaurant 冷饮店cold drinks shop 蔬菜店⽔果店green grocery (green grocer's) 蔬菜店vegetables shop 鞋帽店shoes and hats store 百货公司department store 百货商场general merchandise market 服装店clothing store 成⾐店ready-made clothes shop 呢绒绸布店wool, silk and cotton fabrics store 药店（美：杂货店）drug store (pharmacy) ⼉童⽤品商店children's goods shop 妇⼥⽤品商店women's goods shop 钟表店watch and clock ship ⽂具店stationer's (stationery shop) ⽇⽤杂货店daily-use sundry goods shop 炊事⽤具商店cooking utensils shop 家⽤器具商店household utensils shop 五⾦商店metal products shop 家具店furniture shop 眼镜店eyeglasses store 玻璃礼品店glass gifts store 爆⽵鞭炮店fireworks shop 电器商店electrical appliance shop 油漆店paint shop 化⼯油漆染料店chemicals, paint and dyestuffs shop 地产建材商店native building materials store 照相馆（摄影室）photographic studio (photographer's) 旧货店second-hand goods store (used goods store) 寄卖商店commission shop 综合修理店general repair shop (service) ⼯艺美术服务社arts and crafts shop 花店flower shop 古玩珠宝店antiques and jewelry shop ⾹烟店（摊）cigarette shop (stall) 售报亭newspaper and magazine stand 茶馆tea house 理发店barber's shop (hairdresser's) 洗澡堂bath house 旅店/旅馆inn/ hotel 邮局post office七、中国⼈民团体People’s Organizations of China测绘学会Society of Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography地震学会Seismological Society国际⾦融学会International Finance Society国际战略问题学会Institute for International Strategic Studies海洋学会Society of Oceanography科普学会Popular Science Society全国少年⼉童⽂化艺术委员会National Council on Cultural and Art Work for Children全国少年⼉童⼯作协调委员会National Children’s Work Coordination Committee全国史学会China Society of History 宋庆龄基⾦会（上海）Song Ching Ling Foundation (Shanghai)中国奥林匹克委员会Chinese Olympic Committee中国笔会中⼼Chinese Pen Center中国标准化协会China Association for Standardization中国残疾⼈福利基⾦会China Welfare Fund for the Handicapped中国出版协会Chinese Publishers Association中国道教协会Chinese Taoist Association中国电视艺术家协会Chinese Television Artists Association中国电影家协会China Film Association中国法律质询中⼼Chinese Legal Consultancy Center中国法律会China Law Society中国翻译⼯作者协会Translators Association of China中国佛教协会Chinese Buddhists Association中国福利会China Welfare Institute中国歌剧研究会Chinese Opera Research Institute中国共产主义青年团Communist Youth League of China中国国际法学会Chinese Society of International Law中国国际交流协会Association for International Understanding of China中国红⼗字会总会Red Cross Society of China 中国会计学会China Accounting Society中国基督教“三⾃”爱国运动委员会Three-Self Patriotic Movement Committee of the Protestant Churches of China中国基督教协会China Christian Council 中国计量测试学会Chinese Society for Measurement中国⾦融学会Chinese Monetary Society中国考古协会Archaeological Society of China中国科学技术史学会Chinese Society of Science and Technology History中国科学技术协会China Society and T echnology Association中国联合国教科⽂组织全国委员会National Commission of The People’s Republic of China for UNESCO中国联合国协会United Nations Association of the People’s Republic of China中国美术家协会Chinese Artists Association中国民间⽂艺家协会China Society for the Study of Folk Literature and Art中国企业管理协会China Enterprise Management Association中国曲艺家协会Chinese Ballad Singers Association中国⼈民保卫⼉童基⾦会Chinese People’s National Committee for Defense of Chil dren 中国⼈民对外友好协会Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries中国少年⼉童基⾦会Children’s Foundation of China中国少年先锋队China Young Pioneers中国摄影家协会Chinese Photographers Society中国书法家协会Chinese Calligraphers Association中国天主教爱国会Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association中国天主教教务委员会National Administrative Commission of the Chinese Catholic Church中国天主教主教团Chinese Catholic Bishops College 中国⽂学艺术界联合会China Federation of Literary and Art Circles中国舞蹈家协会Chinese Dancers Association中国戏剧家协会Chinese Dramatists Association中国伊斯兰教协会Chinese Islamic Association中国⾳乐家协会Chinese Musicians Association中国杂技艺术家协会Chinese Acrobats Association中国政法学会China Society of Political Science and Law中国作家协会Chinese Writers Association中化全国妇⼥联合会All-China Women’s Federation中华全国⼯商联合会All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce中华全国归国华侨联合会All-China Federation of Returned Overseas Chinese中华全国青年联合会All-China Youth Federation中华全国世界语联合会All-China Esperanto League中华全国台湾同胞联谊会All-China Federation of Taiwan Compatriots中华全国体育总会All-China Sports Federation中华全国新闻⼯作者协会All-China Journalists’Association中华全国总⼯会All-China Federation of Trade Unions中华医学会Chinese Medical Association⼋、国家机关China's State Organs1. 全国⼈民代表⼤会National People's Congress (NPC)主席团Presidium 常务委员会StandingCommittee 办公厅General Office 秘书处Secretariat 代表资格审查委员会CredentialsCommittee 提案审查委员会Motions Examination Committee 民族委员会Ethnic Affairs Committee 法律委员会Law Committee 财政经济委员会Finance and Economy Committee 外事委员会Foreign Affairs Committee 教育、科学、⽂化和卫⽣委员会Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee 内务司法委员会Committee for Internal and Judicial Affairs 华侨委员会Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee 法制⼯作委员会Commission of Legislative Affairs 特定问题调查委员会Commission of Inquiry into Specific Questions 宪法修改委员会Committee for Revision of the Constitution 2.中华⼈民共和国主席[President of the People's Republic of China] 3. 中央军事委员会[Central Military Commission] 4. 最⾼⼈民法院[Supreme People's Court] 5. 最⾼⼈民检察院[Supreme People's Procuratorate] 6. 国务院[State Council] (1)国务院部委Ministries and Commissions Directly under the State Council 外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs 国防部Ministry of National Defence 国家发展计划委员会State Development Planning Commission 国家经济贸易委员会State Economic and Trade Commission 教育部Ministry of Education 科学技术部Ministry of Science and Technology 国防科学技术⼯业委员会Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National De-fence 国家民族事物委员会State Ethnic Affairs Commission 公安部Ministry of Public Security 国家安全部Ministry of State Security 监察部Ministry of Supervision 民政部Ministry of Civil Affairs 司法部Ministry of Justice 财政部Ministry of Finance ⼈事部Ministry of Personnel 劳动和社会保障部Ministry of Labour and Social Security 国⼟资源部Ministry of Land and Resources 建设部Ministry of Construction 铁道部Ministry of Railways 交通部Ministry of Communications 信息产业部Ministry of Information Industry ⽔利部Ministry of Water Resources 农业部Ministry of Agriculture 对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation ⽂化部Ministry of Culture 卫⽣部Ministry of Public Health 国家计划⽣育委员会State Family Planning Commission 中国⼈民银⾏People's Bank of China 国家审计署State Auditing Administration (2)国务院办事机构Offices under the State Council 国务院办公厅General Office of the State Council 侨务办公室Office of Overseas Chinese Affairs 港澳台办公室Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office 台湾事务办公室Taiwan Affairs Office 法制办公室Office of Legislative Affairs 经济体制改⾰办公室Office for Economic Restructuring 国务院研究室Research Office of the State Council 新闻办公室Information Office公司部门的英⽂标识名称总公司Head Office分公司Branch Office营业部Business Office⼈事部Personnel Department⼈⼒资源部Human Resources Department总务部General Affairs Department财务部General Accounting Department销售部Sales Department促销部Sales Promotion Department国际部International Department出⼝部Export Department进⼝部Import Department公共关系Public Relations Department⼴告部Advertising Department企划部Planning Department产品开发部Product DevelopmentDepartment研发部Research and Development Department (R&D)秘书室Secretarial Pool2. 汉英⼝译分类词汇（07）--世贸组织词汇（补贴协议）可诉补贴Actionable subsidy (纺织品与服装、农产品)⼀体化进程Integration process （服务贸易）境外消费Consumption abroad（服务贸易）跨境交付Cross border supply（服务贸易）商业存在Commercial presence (服务贸易)⾃然⼈natural person (服务贸易)⾃然⼈流动Presence of natural person (解决争端)被诉⽅Defendant（解决争端）调查结果Findings (解决争端)上诉Appeal (解决争端)申诉⽅Complaint (利益的)丧失和减损Nullification and impairment (农产品)国内⽀持Domestic support（农产品）综合⽀持量AMS (Aggregate Measurement of Support)（农产品国内⽀持）黄箱措施Amber Box measures（农产品国内⽀持）蓝箱措施BOP(Balance-of-payments) Provisions（农产品国内⽀持）绿箱措施Green Box measures (农业)多功能性Multifunctionality（欧盟）共同农业政策Common Agriculture Policy (争端解决)专家组Panel（知识产权）地理标识Geographical indications《巴黎公约》(关于保护⼯业知识产权的公约)Paris Convention《巴塞尔公约》（有关危险废弃物的多边环境协定）Basel Convention《北美⾃由贸易协定》NAFTA (North AmericanFree Trade Agreement)《濒危物种国际贸易公约》Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species《伯尔尼公约》（有关保护⽂学和艺术作品版权的公约）Berne Convention《多种纤维协定》MFA (Multifibre Agreement)《纺织品与服装协议》ATC (Agreement on Textiles and Clothing)《服务贸易总协定》GATS (General Agreement on Trade in Services)《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》DSU(Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes)《京都议定书》Kyoto Protocol《⾥斯本条约》（有关地理标识及其国际注册）Lisbon Agreement《蒙特利尔议定书》(有关保护⼤⽓臭氧层的多边环境协定)Montreal Protocol《农产品协议》特殊保障SSG (Special Safeguard)《农业协议》中关于反补贴的和平条款Peace clause《⽣物多样性公约》CBD(Convention on Biological Diversity)《信息技术协议》ITA (Information Technology Agreement)WTO最不发达国家⾼级别会议HLM (WTO High-level Meeting for LDCs)北美⾃由贸易区NAFTA (North American Free Trade Area)采取措施后Ex post采取措施前Ex ante产品⽣命周期分析LCA (Life Cycle Analysis)出⼝补贴Export subsidy出⼝实绩Export performance垂直兼并vertical merger当地含量Local content 电⼦商务Electronic Commerce 东部和南部⾮洲共同市场COMESA (Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa)东盟⾃由贸易区ASEAN Free Trade Area动植物卫⽣检疫措施SPS (Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standard )反补贴税Countervailing duty反倾销措施anti-dumping measures against…反向通知Counter-notification⾮配额产品quota-free products⾮⽣产性投资investment in non-productive projects⾮洲、加勒⽐和太平洋国家集团（洛美协定）ACP(African, Caribbean and Pacific Group)风险管理/评估risk management/ assessment关贸总协定，世界贸易组织的前⾝GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)规避Circumvention国际标准化组织ISO (International Organization for Standardization)国际纺织品服装局ITCB (International Textile and Clothing Bureau)国际货币基⾦组织IMF (International Monetary Fund)国际劳⼯组织ILO (International Labor Organization)国际贸易中⼼ITC (International Trade Center)国际贸易组织ITO (International Trade Organization)国际贸易组织临时委员会ICITO (Interim Commission for the International Trade Organization)国际清算international settlement国际收⽀balance of international payments/ balance of payment国际收⽀条款BOP(Balance-of-payments) Provisions国际兽疫组织International Office of Epizootics国民待遇National treatment国内补贴Domestic subsidy 国内⽣产Domestic production海关估价Customs valuation海关完税价值Customs value横向兼并horizontal merger环保型技术EST(Environmentally-sound technology)灰⾊区域措施Grey area measures货币留成制度Currency retention scheme货币贸易理事会CTG(Council for Trade in Goods)基础税率Base tariff level既定⽇程Built-in agenda交叉报复Cross retaliation进⼝差价税Import variable duties 进⼝附加税Import surcharge进⼝环节税import linkage tax进⼝渗透Import penetration进⼝替代Import substitution进⼝许可Import licensing进⼝押⾦Import deposits经济合作与发展组织OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)垃圾融资junk financing联合国环境署UNEP (United Nations Environment Program)联合国开发计划署UNDP (United Nations Development Program)联合国粮农组织FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United States)联合国贸易与发展会议UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development)粮⾷安全Food security慢性萧条chronic depression贸易和投资⾃由化和便利化TILF (Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation)贸易与发展委员会Committee on Trade and Development贸易与环境委员会Committee on Trade and Environment模式Modalities南⽅共同市场（或称南锥体共同市场）MERCOSUR (Southern Common Market)南亚区域合作联盟SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional cooperation)欧洲⾃由贸易联盟EFTA (European Free Trade Association)配额调整条款modulation of quota clause瓶颈制约'bottleneck' restrictions全球配额global quota上诉机构Appeal body申报制度reporting system; income declaration system⽣产补贴Production subsidy实⾏国民待遇grant the national treatment to实质损害Material injury⾷品法典委员会CAC(Codex Alimentaries Commission) 世界海关组织WCO (World Customs Organization)世界贸易组织WTO (World Trade Organization)世界知识产权组织WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization)市场准⼈的⾏政管理措施AAMA (Administrative Aspects of Market Access)市场准⼊Market access通知义务Notification obligation同类产品Like product乌拉圭回合Uruguay Round消费膨胀inflated consumption协调制度（商品名称及编码协调制度）HS (Harmonized Commodity and Coding System)新议题New issues许可费 License fee有秩序的市场安排Orderly market arrangements约束⽔平Bound level争端解决机构Dispute Settlement Body政府采购Government procurement 知识产权IPRs (Intellectual property rights)直接⽀付Direct payment诸边协议Plurilateral agreement 专门的营销机构Market boards转基因⽣物GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms)祖⽗条款grandfather clause最不发达国家LDCs (Least-developed countries)最初谈判权(初谈权) INRs (Initial Negotiating Rights) 最惠国待遇（现通常称'正常贸易关系'）MFN（most-favored-nation) treatment最惠国贸易地位(待遇)MFN (Most-favored-nation)(Treatment)WTO术语英⽂解释GeneralGATT — General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, which has been superseded as an international organization by the WTO. An updated General Agreement is now one of the WTO’s agreements.GATT 1947 — The old (pre-1994) version of the GATT.GATT 1994 — The new version of the General Agreement, incorporated into the WTO, which governs trade in goods. Members — WTO governments (first letter capitalized, in WTO style).MFN — Most-favoured-nation treatment (GATT Article I, GATS Article II and TRIPS Article 4), the principle of not discriminating between one’s trading partners.national treatment —The principle of giving others the same treatment as one’s own nationals.GATT Article III requires that imports be treated no less favourably than the same or similar domestically-produced goods once they have passed customs. GATS Article XVII and TRIPS Article 3 also deal with national treatment for services and intellectual property protection. TPRB, TPRM — The Trade Policy Review Body is General Council operating under special procedures for meetings to review trade policies and practices of individual WTO members under the TradePolicy Review Mechanism.transparency — Degree to which trade policies and practices, and the process by which they are established, are open and predictable. Uruguay Round —Multilateral trade negotiations launched at Punta del Este, Urug uay in September 1986 and concluded in Geneva in December 1993. Signed by Ministers in Marrakesh, Morocco, in April ，1994.Tariffsbinding, bound —see “tariff binding”electronic commerce — The production, advertising, sale and distribution of products via telecommunications networks.free-rider — A casual term used to infer that a country which does not make any trade concessions, profits, nonetheless, from tariff cuts and concessions made by other countries in negotiations under the most-favoured-nation principle.。

QQuads 四方集团（指美国、欧盟、日本、加拿大）Qualification of Suppliers 供应商资格Qualification Procedures 资格审查程序Qualification System 资格审查制度Qualifications 资格Quantitative Ceiling 数量上限Quantitative Restriction 数量限制Quantity Commitment Levels 数量承诺水平Quantity trigger level 数量触发水平Quantum of International 国际贸易总量Quarantine Measures 检疫措施Quarantine Treatments 检疫处理Quasi-judicial 准司法Quota Period 配额期限Quota Price 配额价格Quota Restrictions 配额限制Quota System 配额制度quota-free products 非配额产品Quota-Hopping 配额跳过RRate of Subsidization 补贴率Reasonable Expectation 合理预期Reasonable Means 合理方法Reasonable Period of Time 合理期限Rebuttal Evidence 反驳的证据Rebuttal Submissions 书面辩驳Recidivist Dumping 习惯性倾销Recipient Country/Region 受援国/地区Reciprocal Trade 互惠贸易Reciprocity 对等Recommendations （争端解决）建议Recommendations of Findings 建议或裁决Recovery of Costs 成本收回Red Box 红箱Reduction Commitments 削减承诺Reference years 参考年（基期）Refund of Duties or Taxes 退税Regional trade 区域贸易Regional Trade Agreements 区域贸易协定Registration of a Trademark 商标注册Registry 登记处Regular Channels of Trade 正常贸易渠道Regulatory Duty 调节关税Regulatory Requirements 管理要求Related Persons 有关联关系的人Remedies 经济措施Remission or Drawback 减免与退税Renewal of Registration 注册续展Rental of Phonograms 录音制品出租Rental Rights 出租权Reporting system 申报制度Representations or Proposals 交涉或建议Representative Office 代表处Representative Period 代表期Request for a Waiver 请求豁免义务Request for Conciliation 请求调解Requirments of Use 使用要求Res Judicata 一事不再理Reservation Clause 保留条款Reserved Negotiations 保留谈判Residual Tariffs 剩余关税Residual Value 剩余价值Resource Rent 资源租金Responding Party 应诉方Restraint of Trade 贸易限制Restrictive Clauses 限制性条款Resumed dumping 继续倾销Retail Store Restriction 零售店限制Retailing Services 零售服务Retaliation 报复Retaliatory Measures 报复措施Retaliatory Subsidization 报复性补贴Retrospective Remedies 追溯性救济Revenue 税收Reverse Dumping 逆倾销Review 复审Review Session 审议会议Revocation 撤销Right Holder 权利持有人Right of Appeal 上诉权Right of Establishment 设立权Right of First Refusal 首次拒绝权利Right of Priority 优先权Right of Reproduction 复制权Right to Use a Trademark 商标使用权Risk assessment 风险分析Round 回合Routine Notification 例行通知Royalties 特许权费/使用费Rules of Origin 原产地规则Rules of Procedure 议事规则Rural Development 农村发展SSafeguard Agreement 保障措施协定Safeguard(SG) 保障措施Safe-Haven Agreement 安全港协定Safety Requirements 安全要求Sale for Export 出口销售Sales Tax 销售税Sanitary Inspection 卫生检查Scale of Contribution 会费分摊比例Schedular Tax 分类所得税Schedule of Commitments(GATS) 承诺减让表Schedule Price 价目表价格Schedules of Bindings 约束关税表Schedules of Concessions 减让表Schedules of concessions 减让时间表Scheduling 减让表制作Scientific Evidence 科学证据Scientific Justification 科学上的正当性Scientific Tariff 科学关税Scope of Appellate Review 上诉审查范围Screen Quota 反映限额Screen Time 反映时间Screwdriver Operations 改锥业务Secondary Dumping 二级倾销Second-Level Obligations 第二层义务Sectoral Commitments 部门承诺Sector-Specific Commitments 部门具体承诺Security 担保Security Exceptions 安全例外Security Services 证券服务Selection Procedures 选择程序Selective Safeguard 选择性保障措施Selective Safeguard Clause 严重损害Self-Certification 自我认证Self-Regulatory 自律组织Sellers’Price List 卖方价格清单Selling Price 销售价格Semi-Generic Wine Names 半通用酒名Separate Customs Territory 单独关税区Sequencing 先后顺序Serious Adverse 严重不利影响Serious injury 严重损害Serious Prejudice 严重侵害Service Address 送达地址Service Industry 服务业Service Mark 服务商标Service Market Access 服务贸易市场准入Service Regulations 服务管理Services 服务Services Supplier 服务提供者Settlement of Claims 权利请求的解决Shrimp Case 虾案Similar Goods 类似货物Singapore Agenda 新加坡议程Singapore Issues新加坡议题Single Approach 单一方式Single Tendering 单一来源采购Single Unified Market 单一统一市场Situation Complaints 情势之诉Small Economies 小经济体Social Dumping 社会倾销Social Labeling 社会标签Social Services 社会服务Social Subsidies 社会补贴Social Welfare Charges 社会福利费用Sole Agent 独家代理人Sole Concessionaire 独家受让人Sole Distributor 独家经销人Special Economic Areas 特殊经济区Special Import Measures Act 特殊进口措施法Special Safeguards（SSG）特殊保障措施Special Treatment（ST）（农业协议）特别处理Specialist 专家Specialist in Accounts 会计账目专家Specific Duty 特别关税Specific License 特种许可证Specific Measure 具体措施Specific Subsidy 专向性补贴Specific tariff 从量税Specificity 专向性Specificity Principle 专向性原则Specificity Test 专向性测试Sporadic Dumping 零星倾销Spurious Dumping 假倾销Square Brackets 方括号Staff Regulations 职员条例Staff report 工作人员报告Staff Rules 职员规则Stamp Tax 印花税Standard of Review 审查标准Standardization 标准化Standardization Activities 标准化活动Standardizing 标准化机构Standards 标准Standards Code 标准守则Standing Appellate Body 常设上诉机构Standstill Commitment 维持现状承诺Standstill Provisions 维持现状规定Stare Decisis 遵循先例Start-Up Period 投产期间Start-Up Situation 投产状态State Pricing 国家定价State Responsibility 国家责任State Trading 国营贸易State Trading Commitment 国营贸易承诺State Trading Countries 国营贸易国家State-Owned Enterprises 国有企业State-Trading Dumping 国营贸易倾销Statism 国家主义Stockpiling Exception 储存例外Strategic Duping 战略倾销Subheading 子目Subject Matter of a Patent 专利的客体Submission 递交材料Sub-National Obligation 地方政府义务Subsequent Practice 嗣后做法Subsidiaries 独资子公司Subsidiary 从属性Subsidiary Bodies 附属机构Subsidies 补贴Subsidized Goods 补贴产品Subsidizing Member 进行补贴的成员Subsidy 补贴Subsidy Practice 补贴做法Substantial Improvement 实质性改善Substantial Interest 实质利益Substantial Transformation 实质性改变Substantive Disciplines 实质性纪律Substantive Meeting 实质性会议Substitutable Products 替代品Sunset Clause 日落条款Sunset Industry 夕阳产业Sunset Review 日落复审Supplemental Information 补充信息Supplementary Criteria 补充标准Support Price 支持价格Surrogate Country 替代国Suspend concessions 暂停减让Suspension of an Investigation 中止调查Suspension of Concessions 中止减让Suspension of Release 中止放行Sustainable Development 可持续发展Swiss Formula 瑞士公式Symmetrical Comparisons 对称比较Sympathetic Consideration 积极考虑TTargeted Dumping 目标倾销Tariff Act 关税法Tariff Anomaly 关税异常Tariff Bindings 约束关税/ 关税约束承诺tariff classification 关税分类Tariff Concessions 关税减让Tariff Consolidation 关税合并Tariff Equivalent 关税等值Tariff Escalation 关税升级Tariff Increase 提高关税Tariff Item 税号Tariff Laws 关税法规Tariff Level 关税水平Tariff line 税号Tariff Line 税则号列Tariff Negotiations 关税谈判Tariff Nomenclature 税则目录Tariff peaks 关税高峰Tariff Policy 关税政策Tariff Preferences 关税优惠Tariff Protection 关税保护Tariff Quota 关税配额Tariff Range 关税范围Tariff Rate 关税税率Tariff rate quotas （TRQ ）关税配额Tariff Schedule 关税表Tariff Structure 关税结构Tariff Union(CU) 关税同盟Tariff valuation 关税估价Tariff War 关税战Tariff Zone 关税区Tariff-Cutting Formula 关税减让公式Tariff-Free Quota 免税配额Tariffication 关税化Tariff-Only Regime 单一关税机制Tariffs 关税Tax Credit 税收抵免Tax Subsidy 税收补贴Taxation Services 税收服务Taxed Product 国内征税产品Technical Expertise 技术专长Technical Regulation 技术法规Technical Specifications 技术规格Technical Sub-Committee 技术小组委员会Telecommunication Services 电信服务案Telecommunications 电信Telecommunications Annex 电信附件Telecommunications Services 电信服务Television Services 电视服务Tendering Documents 招标文件Tendering Procedures 招标程序Term of Patent Protection 专利保护期Terms of Reference 职权范围条款Test Methods 检验方法Test Value 测试价格Testing and Inspection 检验和检查Textile Committee 纺织品委员会Textile Designs 纺织品设计Textile Trade 纺织品贸易The Contracting Parties 缔约方全体The contraction in demand 需求萎缩Threat of Injury 损害威胁Threat of Serious Injury 严重损害威胁Threshold 最低限额Threshold Price 门槛价Threshold Value 最低限价Tied Investment 捆绑式投资Tiered Formula 分层公式Time-Limited Exceptions 有时限的例外Time-Schedules 时间表Tokyo Round 东京回合Tolerances for Contaminants 污染物允许量Top-Down Approach 自上而下的方法Torquay Round 托奎回合Total AMS 综合支持总量Total AMS Commitment 综合支持总量承诺Total Eligible Costs 可计入总成本Tourism Satellite Account 旅游卫星账户Tourist Guides Services 导游服务Trade and Environment 贸易与环境Trade Defence Measures 贸易防御措施Trade Diversion 贸易转移Trade diversion inquiry 贸易转移调查Trade Facilitation 贸易便利化Trade in goods 货物贸易Trade in Services 服务贸易Trade in Services Statistics 服务贸易统计Trade Name 商号Trade or Business Association 同业公会或商会Trade Policy 贸易政策Trade Policy Review 贸易政策审议Trade preferences 贸易优先Trade Regulations 贸易法规Trade Relief 贸易补救Trade Remedies 贸易救济Trade Rules for Services 服务贸易规则Trade Secrets 商业秘密Trade Statistics 贸易统计Trade Surplus 贸易盈余Trade, Debt and Finance 贸易、债务和金融Trademark 商标Trading Rights 贸易权Traffic Rights 航空权Training Services 培训服务Transaction in Services 服务交易Transaction Value 成交价格Transfer Duties 转让税Transfer of Liabilities 债务转移Transfer of Payments 转移支付Transitional Safeguard 过渡性保障措施Translation Issues 翻译问题Transparency 透明度Transport Subsidy 运输补贴Transshipment 转运Treaty Interpretation 条约解释Trigger Clause 触发条款Trigger Level 触发水平Trigger Price 触发价格Triggering Point 触发点Turnover Tax 营业税UUnder-Invoicing 低报出口Undertaking 承诺Undisclosed Information 未披露信息Unforeseen Development 不可预见的发展Uniform Tariff 统一关税Unit Amount of a Subsidy 单位补贴额Universal Services 普遍服务Unrequited Export 无偿出口Upstream Dumping 上游倾销Upstream Subsidy 上游补贴Urban Planning Services 城市规划服务Urgent Circumstances 紧急问题Uruguay Round 乌拉圭回合Use in Good Faith 善意使用Use of a Trademark 商标使用User Member 用户成员VVagueness of Claims 权利请求模糊Valuation Basis 估价基础Valuation Effect 估价效果Valuation of Contracts 合同估价Valuation Option 估价选择Valuation Procedures 估价程序Valuation System 估价系统Value Added Tax System 增值税制度Value Added Tax（VAT）增值税Value-Added Telecommunications 增值电信Variable duties 差价税Variable Duty 可变税Variable Import 进口差价税Variable Levies差价税Verification 核实Vertical merger 垂直兼并Veterinary Services 兽医服务Violation Claims 违反之诉Visible Balance 有形收支余额Visible Export and Import 有形进出口Visible Trade 有形贸易Visible Trade Balance 有形贸易余额Voluntary Export Quota 自愿出口配额Voluntary Restraint of Export 自愿出口限制Voluntary Standard 自愿性标准Voluntary Undertakings 自愿承诺WWaiver （WTO 义务）豁免Water Transport Services 水运服务Welfare Services 社会福利服务Well-Known Trademark 驰名商标Wheat Flour 面粉案Wholesale Trade Services 批发服务Withdraw 撤回Withdraw concessions 撤销减让Withdraw from the Agreement 退出协定Withdrawal 退出Withdrawal of the Measures 措施撤回Withholding of Concessions 停止减让Witness statement 证词Work of Applied Art 实用艺术作品Working party 工作组Working Procedures 工作程序Wrongful Detention of Goods 错误扣押商品WTO Agreement WTO 协议WTO Secretariat 世界贸易组织秘书处YYearly Updates 年度更新ZZero Binding 零关税约束Zero Duties 零关税Zero-for-Zero Approach 零对零方法Zero-for-Zero Principle 零对零原则Zero-for-Zero Proposal 零对零建议Zeroing 归零Zero-Margin Harmonization 零差别协调。

关贸总协定，世界贸易组织的前身GATT（General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade）世界贸易组织WTO（World Trade Organization）乌拉圭回合Uruguay Round最惠国待遇（现通常称"正常贸易关系"）MFN（most-favored-nation）treatment争端解决机构dispute settlement body《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》DSU（Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes）《北美自由贸易协定》NAFTA（North American Free Trade Agreement）东盟自由贸易区ASEAN Free Trade Area东部和南部非洲共同市场COMESA（Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa）反倾销措施anti-dumping measures against…非配额产品quota-free products非生产性投资investment in non-productive projects风险管理/评估risk management/assessment国际收支balance of international payments/balance of payment实行国民待遇grant the national treatment to瓶颈制约"bottleneck"restrictions非洲、加勒比和太平洋国家集团（洛美协定）ACP（African，Caribbean and Pacific Group）（补贴协议）可诉补贴actionable subsidy上诉机构appeal body基础税率base tariff level国际收支条款BOP（Balance-of-payments）Provisions既定日程built-in agenda约束水平bound level（欧盟）共同农业政策Common Agriculture Policy规避circumvention反补贴税countervailing duty交叉报复cross retaliation海关完税价值customs values环保型技术EST（Environmentally-sound technology）出口实绩export performance出口补贴export subsidy粮食安全food security免费搭车者（享受其他国家最惠国待遇而不进行相应减让的国家）free-rider政府采购government procurement灰色区域措施grey area measuresWTO最不发达国家高级别会议HLM（WTO High-level Meeting for LDCs）协调制度（商品名称及编码协调制度）HS（Harmonized Commodity and Coding System）进口许可import licensing进口渗透import penetration最初谈判权（初谈权）INRs（Initial Negotiating Rights）知识产权IPRs（Intellectual property rights）最不发达国家LDCs（Least-developed countries）当地含量local content市场准入market access专门的营销机构market boards（服务贸易）自然人national person国民待遇national treatment（利益的）丧失和减损nullification and impairment（争端解决）专家组panel（《农业协议》中关于反补贴的）和平条款peace clause诸边协议plurilateral agreement（服务贸易）自然人流动presence of natural person生产补贴production subsidy消费膨胀inflated consumption慢性萧条chronic depression进口环节税import linkage tax北美自由贸易区NAFTA（North American Free Trade Area）全球配额global quota祖父条款grandfather clause贸易和投资自由化和便利化TILF（Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation）国际清算international settlement横向兼并horizontal merger垂直兼并vertical merger垃圾融资junk financing申报制度reporting system；income declaration system市场准人的行政管理措施AAMA（Administrative Aspects of Market Access）A2000Agenda2000年议程Abandoned Claims被放弃的诉请Acceding Country申请加入国Acceding Government申请加入的政府Acceptable Level of Risk可接受的风险水平Accession加入Accession Country加入国Accession Package加入一揽子文件Accountancy Disciplines会计准则Accounting Services会计服务Accreditation认可Accreditation and Approval认可和批准Actionable Subsidy（补贴协议）可诉补贴Actual Dumping Margin实际倾销幅度Actual Value实际价值Actuarial Services保险精算服务Actuarial Specialist精算专家Ad valor tariff从价税Ad Valorem Duty从价税Ad Valorem Equivalent从价等量Ad Valorem Subsidization从价补贴Ad Valorem Tariff从价关税Additional Commitments额外承诺Additional Duty额外关税Adjustment Cost调整成本Administered Support Price政府支持价格Administrative Action行政行为Administrative Determinations行政裁定Administrative Revocation行政撤销Advance Deposit for Imports预付进口押金Adverse Effects不利影响Adverse Inferences不利推断Advertising Services广告服务Advisory Opinion咨询性意见Affirmative肯定裁决Affirmative Defense积极抗辩Affirmative Determination肯定性裁定Affirmative Finding肯定性调查结果Afford Adequate Opportunity提供充分机会After Sales Services售后服务Agency Insurance Services保险代理服务Agenda22世纪议程Aggregate measure of support综合支持量Aggressive Multilateralism攻击性多边主义Aggressive Reciprocity攻击性互惠Agreed database各方都同意的数据库Agreed Exclusions议定的例外Agreed Standard From议定的标准格式Agreement on Agriculture农业协定Agreement on Compensation补偿协定Agricultural Integration农业一体化Agriculture Protection Argument农业保护论Air Transport Services空运服务Alleged Dumping被指控的倾销Alleged Injury被指控的损害Alleged Subsidy被指控的补贴Allocation of Quotas配额分配Allowance for Waste损耗Alternative Duty选择税Amber Box Measures（农产品国内支持）黄箱措施Amendments to WTO Agreements协定修改American Selling Price（ASP）美国销售价格Amicus Brief法庭之友的书面陈述Amicus Curiae法庭之友amount of subsidy补贴数额AMS Disciplines综合支持量纪律AMS Methodology综合支持量方法Analogue Country替代国Analytical Index分析索引Ancillary Services空运辅助服务Animal Welfare动物福利Annual bound commitment年度约束水平Anti-Circumvention反规避Anti-Circumvention Action反规避行动Anti-Competitive Practices反竞争做法Anti-Dumping反倾销Anti-Dumping Act反倾销法Anti-Dumping Action反倾销行动Anti-Dumping Agreement反倾销协定Anti-Dumping Code反倾销守则Anti-Dumping Complaint反倾销申诉Anti-Dumping Duty反倾销税Anti-Dumping Duty Order反倾销税令Anti-Dumping Investigation反倾销调查Anti-Dumping Law反倾销法律Anti-dumping measures（AD,A-D）反倾销措施Anti-Dumping Penalty反倾销补偿金Anti-Dumping Policy反倾销政策Anti-Dumping Practice反倾销实践Anti-Dumping Proceeding反倾销程序Anti-Dumping Tribunal反倾销调查裁决机关Anti-Globalization反全球化Anti-Surge Clause反激增条款Appeal（争端解决）上诉Appeals上诉Appellate Body上诉机构Appellate Body Report上诉机构报告Appellate Review上诉审查Appellations of Origin原产地名称Appellee被上诉方Applicant Contracting Party申请缔约方Application Form申请表格Application Procedures申请程序Appraised Value估定价值Appraisement估价Appropriate Compensation适当补偿Appropriate Countermeasures适当反措施Appropriate Schedule适当减让表Arbitration仲裁Arbitration Award仲裁裁决Architectural Services建筑设计服务Archive Services档案服务Arm’s Length Negotiations公平谈判Arm’s Length Price公平价格Arm’s Length Pricing公平定价Arm’s Length Rate公平利润率Arm’s Length Transaction公平交易Artwork工艺Assessment of Risk风险评估Assessment of Tariff Offers评估关税出价Assessment of the Origin原产地预确定Asset Management资产管理服务Assignment转让Assignment Agreement转让协议Assignor转让人Assurance of Conformity合格保证Asymmetrical Comparison非对称比较At-the-Border Barriers边境壁垒Audiovisual Service视听服务Auditing Services审计服务Automatic Import Licensing自动进口许可Automatic Licensing自动许可Autonomous Trade Regimes自主贸易制度Average CIF Unit Value平均到岸价Average Reference Price平均参考价格Award裁决A Reasonable Rate of Increase in Reserves储备增加的合理比率Abuse of Intellectual Property Rights滥用知识产权Access to Confidential Information对机密信息的获取Accident and Health Insurance services意外和健康保险服务Accounting,Auditing and Book-keeping Services会计、审计和簿记服务Acquisition or Maintenance of Intellectual Property Rights知识产权的取得或维持Acts Occurring Prior to Date of Application of Agreement协议适用之日前发生的行为Actual Threat under Agreement on Textile and Clothing纺织品与服装协定中的实际威胁Ad Interim Reduction or Exemption of Customs Duties临时减少或豁免关税Ad Valorem Percentage Criterion从价百分比标准Additional Period of One Year under Multi-Fibre Agreement多种纤维安排中的延期一年Additional Written Memoranda附加书面备忘录Adequate and Enduring Technical Competence适当和持久的技术资质Administration of Trade Regulations贸易法规的实施Administrative Aspects of Market Access(AAMA)市场准入的行政管理措施Aggregate Measurement of Support(AMS)（农产品）综合支持量Administrative Memorandum行政备忘录Administrative Procedures and Remedies行政程序和救济Administrative,Selling and General Costs管理、销售和一般费用Advisory and other Auxiliary Services金融咨询和其他附属服务Advisory,Intermediation Services金融咨询、中介服务Aggregate measurement of support（AMS）（农业）综合支持量Agreement for Protection of International Investment国际投资保护协定Agreement on Textile and Clothing(ATC)纺织品与服装协定Agreement on Trade-Related Investment Measures(TRIMs)与投资有关的贸易措施Agreements and Associated Legal Instruments协定及相关法律文件Agricultural Chemical Products农业化学物质产品Aircraft Repair and Maintenance Services航空器的维修和保养服务Allocation of Shares in the Quota配额中的份额分配Alternative Dispute Resolution争端解决的替代方式American Selling Price System of Valuation美国销售价格估价制度Amicus Submissions by NGOs非政府组织的法庭之友书面陈述Amount for Profit and General Expenses利润和一般费用总额Amount of a Subsidy in Terms of the Benefit to the Recipient以接受者所获利益形式的补贴金额An Inconsistency of a Serious Nature严重不符Andean Community安第斯共同体Annecy Round安纳西回合Annual and Final Bound Commitment Levels年度和最终约束承诺水平Annual Export Subsidy Commitment Levels出口补贴年度承诺水平Anti-Dumping Act of19161916年反倾销法Anti-Dumping Act of19211921年反倾销法Appellate Body Operating Fund(ABOF)上诉机构业务基金Application for Anti-Dumping Action反倾销调查申请Application of International Standards适用国际标准Application of Successive Treaties Relative to the Same Subject-Matter 后续条约的适用Applications Specialist系统应用专家Appropriate Level of Sanitary or Phytosanitary Protection卫生或植物卫生保护的适当水平Arbitrary or Fictitious Customs Values武断或虚构的海关价格Area of Low Pest or Disease Prevalence病虫害低度流行区Arrangements for Consultation and Cooperation磋商与合作安排Article2Exemptions第2条例外Article21.5Panel第21.5款专家组Article22.6Arbitration第22.6款仲裁Assistance for Research Activities研究活动补助Associated Foreign Direct Investment关联外国直接投资Assured Life of the Schedules减让表的有效期Attribution of Serious Damage in ATC纺织品与服装协定中严重损害的归因Audio Visual Service Negotiations in the Uruguay Round 乌拉圭回合中的视听服务谈判Authoritative Interpretation of Provisions适用协定规定的权威性解释Automated System for Customs Date(ASYCUDA)海关数据自动化系统Automatic Import Licensing Procedures自动进口许可程序Auxiliary Financial Services附属金融服务B‘Bottleneck’restrictions瓶颈制约Background and Authority背景与主管机关Balance of payment(BOP)国际收支Base Levels基础水平Base Period基期Base tariff level基础税率Base Total AMS基期综合支持总量Basic Agricultural Product基本农产品Basic Telecommunications基础电信Basket Tariff Quota一揽子关税配额Benchmark Price基准价格Benefit Accruing获得的利益Benefit to the Recipient给予受益人的利益Benefits of Trade贸易利益Bidding Quotation投标报价Bilateral Agreement双边协定配额Bilateral Emergency Basis双边应急基础Bilateral Investment双边投资Bilateral Quota双边配额Bilateral Tax Treaty双边税收条约Bilateral Trade双边贸易Bilateral Trade Agreement双边贸易协定Bilateralism双边主义Binding Commitments约束承诺Binding of Duty Rates关税税率约束Binding of Duty Treatment关税待遇约束Blair House Accord布莱尔宫协定Blue Box蓝箱Blue Box measures（农业国内支持）“蓝箱措施”Blue box policies蓝箱政策Board Tariff Reduction广泛关税减让Bonded Factory保税工厂BOP Provisions国际收支条款Border Measures边境措施Border Tax边境税Border tax adjustments(BTA)边境税调整Bound level约束水平Bound MFN Rate约束最惠国关税率Bound Schedule约束税率表Bound tariff rates约束税率Bounty奖励Breach of Confidence泄密Bretton Woods System布雷顿森林体系Broadband Services宽带服务Broadcasting Organization广播组织Broking Services经纪服务Brussels Declaration布鲁塞尔宣言Building Block System板块系统方法Building Codes建筑法规Building-Cleaning Services建筑物清洁服务Built in agenda既定日程Built-in agenda（WTO）既定议程Built-In Swing调用Burden of Proof举证责任Business Exception商业例外Business Practice商业实践Business Support Services商务支持服务But for Test“若非”标准Buying Commission购买佣金Backdoor Protectionism后门保护主义Balance of Rights and Obligations under ATC纺织品与服装协定下权利和义务的平衡Balance-of-Payments Consultations国际收支磋商Balance-of-Payments Difficulties国际收支困难Balance-of-payments provisions国际收支条款Banking and Related Financial Services银行及相关金融服务Basel Convention《巴塞尔公约》（有关危险废弃物的多边环境协定）Basic Instruments and Selected Documents（BISD）（GATT）《基本文件资料选编》Basic Telecommunication Services基础电信服务Basic Telecommunications Operator基础电信运营商Belgian Family Allowances比利时家庭补助案Berne Convention《伯尔尼公约》（《保护文学艺术作品的伯尔尼公约》）Best Information Available可获得的最佳信息bilateral investment treaties(BIT)双边投资协定Bilateral Trade and Payments Agreements双边贸易与支付协定Board Tariff Cutting Formula划一削减公式Border Enforcement of IPR知识产权的边境执法Bound Free Duty约束免税待遇Branch or Representative Office分公司或代表处Brief Summary of Legal Basis of Complaint申诉的法律根据摘要Brief Summary of Legal Basis of Complaint诉请的法律根据摘要Brussels Definition of Value(BDV)布鲁塞尔对价值的定义Budgetary Commitment Levels预算支出承诺水平Budgetary Outlay Reduction Commitments预算支出削减承诺Burden of Proof in Non-Violation Nullification or Impairment Claims 非违反之诉的举证责任Burden Shifting Where Quantity Exported Exceeds Commitments 举证责任转移Business Confidential Information商业秘密信息CCairns Group凯恩斯集团Cairns Group凯恩斯集团Cancellation注销Cancellation of Registration注销注册Capital Expenditure资本支出Capital Subsidy资本补贴Captive Production内部生产Cargo Handling Services货物装卸服务Carry Forward借用Carry Over留用Cash Deposit保证金Causal Factors因果关系要素Causality因果关系Causation因果关系Cause Shown陈述的理由Ceiling Tax Rate最高税率Certificate of Origin原产地证书Certification Systems认证体系Challenge Procedures质疑程序Channels of Commerce商业渠道Charge费用Chronic depression慢性萧条Circumvention规避Circumvention by Transshipment转运规避Civil Aircraft Products民用航空器产品Claim权利请求Claims诉请Claims Versus Arguments诉请与论据Clothing服装Collective Action集体行动Combined tariff混合税Commencement of Appeal上诉的开始Commercial Considerations商业考虑Commercial Exhibition商业性放映Commercial Exploitation商业性利用Commercial Level商业水平Commercial presence（服务贸易）商业存在Commercial Rental商业性出租Commercial Services商业服务Commission and Brokerage佣金和经纪费Common Agriculture Policy共同农业政策Common Quota共同配额Common Register共同登记机构Communications Services通讯服务Comparable Price可比价格Compensation补偿Compensation Negotiation补偿谈判Compensation Trade补偿贸易Compensatory Adjustment补偿性调整Competition policy竞争政策Compilations of Date数据汇编Complaining Party(解决争端)申诉方Complaint申诉Complaint Procedure申诉程序Compliance符合Compliance Report执行专家组报告Comprehensive全面报告Compulsory Licensing强制许可Computed Value计算价格Computed Value Method计算价格估价方法Computer Programs计算机程序Computer Services计算机服务Concealed Dumping隐蔽倾销Concession Negotiation减让谈判Concurrence同意意见Conditional Appeal附条件上诉Conditions of Competition竞争条件Conduct of Business处事规则Confidential Information机密信息Conflict of Interest利益冲突Conformity Assessment合格评定Consensus协商一致Consensus Minus除了……协商一致Consignment Requirements运输条件Consolidated Notification综合通知书Consolidated Schedules综合减让表Constituent Territories组成领土Constitutional Procedures宪法程序Constructed Export Price推定出口价格Constructed Value推定价值Constructive Remedies建设性救济措施Consular Transactions领事事项Consultation磋商Consultation Procedures磋商程序Consulting Country参与磋商的国家Consulting Member参与磋商的成员方Consumer Preference消费者偏好Consumption Abroad（服务贸易）境外消费Contracting parties（GATT）缔约方Conventional Tariff协定关税Conversion of Duties关税转换Converted Concessions转换的关税减让Copyright版权Copyright Piracy盗版Copyright Protection版权保护Copyright Works版权作品Corrective Measures纠正措施Cost Date成本数据Costs and Charges成本和费用Counsel法庭律师Counter purchase反向购买Counter trade补偿贸易Counterclaim反诉Counter-Complaint反诉诉状Counterfeit Goods假冒商品Counterfeiting假冒Countermeasures反措施Counter-notification反向通知Countervailing Charge反补贴指控Countervailing Duty Action反补贴税行动Countervailing Duty Law反补贴税法Countervailing Duty Order征收反补贴税令Countervailing Duty Rate反补贴税率Countervailing duty（CVD）反补贴税Countervailing Measures反补贴措施Country-of-Origin Marking原产地标记Courier Services快递服务Course of Trade贸易过程Covered Agreements适用协定Criminal Procedures刑事程序Criteria for Patentability授予专利的标准Critical Circumstances危急情况Crop Insurance Scheme农作物保险计划Cross border supply（服务贸易）跨境交付Cross Border Trade跨境贸易Cross check交叉核实Cross Licensing交叉许可Cross retaliation交叉报复Cross-Cutting Issues跨领域议题Cultural exception文化例外Cumulation累积Cumulation of Injury损害积累Cumulative Assessment累积评估Cumulative Indirect Taxes累积间接税Cumulative Injury累积的损害Cumulative Injury Assessment累积损害评估Cumulative Market Disruption累积市场扰乱Cumulative Rules of Origin累计原产地规则Cumulative Subsidies累计补贴Currency Conversion货币换算Currency retention scheme货币留成制度Currency Retention Schemes货币保留方案Current Access Commitments现行准入承诺Current Total AMS（农业）现行综合支持Customary Business Practice传统商业惯例Customary International Law国际习惯法Customs Act海关法Customs Administration海关当局Customs Area海关境域Customs Barriers关税壁垒Customs Bonded Warehouse海关保税仓库Customs Border关境Customs Cooperation海关合作Customs Documentation海关文件Customs Drawback海关退税Customs Duties海关关税Customs Duty关税Customs Duty关税免除Customs Enforcement海关执法Customs Fee海关规费Customs Frontier关税边境Customs House海关Customs Nomenclature海关税则目录Customs Statistics海关统计Customs Supervision and Control海关监管Customs Surveillance Zone海关监管区Customs Tariff海关税则Customs union（CU）关税同盟Customs Valuation海关估价Customs value海关完税价值Customs-Free Area关税自由区Cyclical Dumping周期性倾销Calculation of Aggregate Measurement of Support 综合支持量的计算Calculation of Current Total AMS现行综合支持总量的计算Capable of Industrial Application工业实用性Central Government Authority中央政府当局Central Government Body中央政府机构Central Government Standardizing Body中央政府标准化机构Centrally Planned Economy中央计划经济体Centrally Planned Economy Countries中央计划经济国家Certificate of Origin Form59A原产地证书格式59ACertificate of Origin Form A原产地证书格式AChallenges to Validity对有效性提出异议Change in Relative Shares of the Market市场相对份额的变化Change in Tariff Classification税则归类改变Change of Tariff Classification Criterion税则归类改变标准Charge on the Public Account公共账户的支出Circuit-Switched Data Transmission Services电路交换数据传输服务Circumstances of Extreme Urgency极端紧急情况Circumvention of Anti-Dumping Duty Measures对反倾销征税措施的规避Circumvention of Export Subsidy Commitments规避出口补贴承诺Civil and Administrative Procedures and Remedies 民事和行政程序与救济Clean Report of Findings检验结果清洁报告书Code on Import Licensing Procedures进口许可程序守则Coercive Package Licensing强制的一揽子许可Collegiality Among Appellate Body Members共同决定Combination of Know Design Features已知设计特征组合Commercial Terms and Conditions商业条款和条件Commercially Traded Services商业性服务贸易Commission Agent’s Services佣金代理服务Commitments on National Treatment国民待遇承诺Commitments on Support and Protection支持和保护的承诺Common Agricultural Policy(CAP)（欧盟）共同农业政策Communications with Panel/Appellate Body与专家组或上诉机构的联系Competence of Panel to Hear a Dispute专家组审理争端案件的权限Computer Reservation System Services(CRS)计算机订座系统服务Concession Initially Negotiated最初谈判的减让Concurrence of the Contracting Parties缔约方的同意Conditional Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment有条件的最惠国待遇Conditional National Treatment附条件的国民待遇Conditions and Terms of Sale销售的条件和条款Conditions,Limitations,Exceptions and Reservations 条件、限制、例外和保留Confidential Business Information机密商业信息Confidentiality of Consultations磋商的机密性Confidentiality of Information信息机密性Conformity Assessment Procedures合格评定程序Conformity Assessment Systems合格评定体系Consequences of Treaty Termination条约终止的后果Conservation of Exhaustible Natural Resources保护可用尽的自然资源Consolidated Tariff Schedules综合关税减让表Consolidated Tariff Schedules Database综合关税减让表数据库Construction and Related Engineering Services 建筑及相关工程服务Consular Invoices and Certificates领事发票和证书Consulting and other Business Services咨询和其他商务服务Consumer Subsidy Equivalent（CSE）消费者补贴等值Consumption in Governmental供政府消费使用Contact Point for Information信息咨询点Container Station and Depot Services集装箱堆场服务Contingent Trade Remedy紧急贸易救济Contingent Trade Remedy应急贸易救济机制Continuing Application of GATT Schedules继续适用关税与贸易总协定减让表Contracting Parties Primarily Concerned主要有关缔约各方Contractual Joint Venture契约式合资企业Contractual Trade Regimes契约贸易制度Control,Inspection and Approval Procedures 控制、检查和批准程序Conventional Tariff System协定税则制度Copyright and Related Rights版权与相关权利Cottage Industry Products家庭手工业产品Cotton-Producing Exporting Members产棉出口成员Counterfeit Trademark Goods假冒商标商品Countervailing Duty Determinations关于反补贴税的决定Countervailing Duty Petition反补贴税调查诉请Countervailing Duty Proceedings反补贴税调查程序Country-Specific Derogations某些国家享受的例外Criteria for Eligibility for Protection享受保护的资格标准Criterion of Manufacturing or Processing Operation 制造或加工工序标准Critical Shortages of Foodstuffs粮食的严重缺乏Cross Border Supply of Services跨境提供服务Cross Border Trade in Services跨境服务贸易Cumulative Acquisition of Origin累计取得原产地Cumulative Assessment of Dumping对倾销的累积评估Customs Clearance Services海关清关服务Customs Warehousing Procedure海关保税仓库管理制度DDamage损害Damage Difficult to Repair难于补救的损害Damages损害赔偿De Facto Discrimination事实上的歧视De Facto Specificity事实专向性De Jure法律上的De Jure Discrimination法律上的歧视De Minimis微量允许De Minimis Dumping Margins微量倾销幅度De Minimis Effects微量影响De Minimis Imports微量进口De Minimis Modifications微小修改De minimis provision最低减让条款De Minimis Safeguard Rule保障措施的微量规则De Minimis Standard微量标准De Minimis Subsidies微量补贴Debt Repayment债务偿还Deceptive Practice欺诈行为Decision Tree决策树Decisive Guidance决定性的指导Deductive Method倒扣价格法Deductive Value倒扣价格Deep Amber黄箱政策Defendant(解决争端)被诉方Degree of Tariff Binding关税约束水平Delaying Tactics拖延战术Delivery of a Service服务的提供Denial of Benefits利益的拒绝给予Denial of Entry of Goods拒绝货物入境Dental Services牙医服务Depress Prices(to)压低价格Descriptive Characteristics描述特征Descriptive Part陈述部分Design Work设计Designated Products指定产品Designated Trading指定经营Determination裁决Determination of Dumping倾销的确定Determination of Injury损害的确定Determination of Origin原产地确定Developing Country发展中国家Development开发Development Box发展箱Development Costs开发成本Deviation偏离Differences in Commercial不同商业水平Differential Duties差别关税Differential Export差别出口税Differential Income差别收入税Differential Measures差别措施Diffuse Reciprocity扩散性互惠Dillon Round狄龙回合Direct Discussions直接对话Direct Discussions直接交货Direct Income Support直接收支持Direct Insurance直接保险Direct Investment直接投资Direct payment直接支付Direct Subsidy直接补贴Dirty Tariffication肮脏的关税化Discretionary裁量性立法Discrimination歧视Discriminatory Pricing歧视性定价Discussant引导人Disguised Trade Barriers变相贸易壁垒Dispersed Tariff Rate分散型关税税率Dispute Settlement争端解决Dispute Settlement Officer争端解决官员Dispute Settlement Procedure争端解决程序Dispute Settlement Registrar争端解决登记人Disruptive Effects扰乱性影响Disruptive Imports扰乱性进口Dissent反对意见Distinctiveness显著性Distribution of Trade贸易分配Distribution Services分销服务Diversionary Dumping移转倾销Doctrine of Comparative比较成本说Doha Development Agenda多哈发展议程Doha Work Programme多哈工作计划Domestic Commodities国内商品Domestic Content当地成分要求Domestic Industry国内产业Domestic Law国内法Domestic Price国内价格Domestic production国内生产Domestic Products国产产品Domestic Regulation国内规制Domestic Subsidy国内补贴Domestic support(农产品)国内支持Double Counting重复计算Double Deflation Method双重紧缩方法Double Evart Formula双重偏离公式Double Taxation双重征税Downstream Dumping下游倾销Downstream Product下游产品Downstream Subsidy下游补贴Draft Standard标准草案Drawback Scheme退税方案Dry Cleaning Services干洗服务Dual Pricing双重定价Dual Tariff加重关税Dumped Exports倾销出口产品Dumped Prices倾销价格Dumping倾销Dumping Duties倾销税Dumping Margin倾销幅度Dutiable Value应税价格Duty税收Duty Deferral Programme关税缓征方案Duty Drawback税收返还Duty Free免税Duty Free Goods免税货物Duty Free Quota免税进口配额Duty–Free Treatment免税待遇Dyeing and Colouring Services染色服务EEco-Dumping生态倾销Eco-Duties环境税Eco-Labbeling环境标签Economic Data经济数据Economic Integration经济一体化Economic Needs Test经济需求测试Economic Policies经济政策Economic Quantities经济数量Economies in Transition转型经济体Eco-Packaging环保包装Eco-Protectionism环境贸易保护主义Eco-Standards环境标准Educational Tariff培育关税Elastic Duties弹性关税Electricity Reticulation电力网络Electronic Commerce电子商务Emergency Action紧急行动Emergency Measures紧急措施Emergency Tariff紧急关税Empire Preferences帝国特惠制Enabling Clause授权条款Enabling Clause授权条款End Product Criteria最终产品标准Enforcement Committee执法委员会Enforcement of Monopolies垄断的实施Enforcement Procedures实施程序Engineering Services工程服务Enquiry Point咨询点Entertainment Services娱乐服务Environmental Dumping环境倾销Environmental Programmes环境计划Environmental Services环境服务Environmental Subsidy环境补贴Equitable Treatment公平待遇Escalated Tariff升级关税Escape Clause免税条款Established Quota既定配额Estoppel禁止翻供Evidence证据Ex ante采取措施前Ex Officio Action依职权的行动Ex Parte Communications单方面联系Ex post采取措施后Exception Measures例外措施Exceptions to the Agreement协议例外Exchange Action外汇措施Exchange Dumping外汇倾销Exchange Dumping Duty外汇倾销税Exchange Risk Programmes外汇风险计划Exchange Taxes汇兑税Excise Duty消费税Exclusion Order排除令Exclusive Agents独家代理商Exclusive Economic Zone专属经济区Exclusive Export Rights专属出口权Exclusive Import Rights专属进口权Exclusive Marketing Rights独占行销权Executive Branch执行机构Executive Committee执行委员会Exemption Treatment豁免待遇Ex-Factory Level出厂价水平Exhibits清单Existing Programs现有计划Expiry review到期复审Explicit Consensus协商一致Exploitation of a Patent专利的使用Exploitation of the Works作品的利用Export Competition出口竞争Export Competitiveness出口竞争力Export Contingency出口相倚性Export Credit出口信贷Export Credit Guarantee出口信贷担保Export Credit Insurance出口信贷保险Export Credit Practice出口信贷做法Export Duty出口税Export Performance出口实绩Export Prohibitions出口禁止Export Restrictions出口限制Export Subsidies出口补贴Export Unit Value出口单位价值FFabrics织物Fact and adversarial elements事实和对抗性要素Fact Finding事实认定Fact Versus Law事实与法律Facts Available可获得的事实Factual Abstract事实概要Factual Presentation事实陈述Fair Comparison公平比较False Declarations虚假陈述Favorable Balance of Trade贸易顺差Feasible Methods可行性方法Fees and Formalities规费和手续Fees or other Charges规费和其他费用Fibre Content纤维成分Final Anti-Dumping Duty最终反倾销税Final Anti-Dumping Measure最终反倾销措施Final Countervailing Duty最终反补贴税Final Determination最终裁定Final decision终裁Final Duties最终税Final Liability for Payment最终支付责任Final Panel Report专家组的最终报告Final Provisions最后条款Financial Contribution财政资助Financial Leasing Services金融租赁服务Financial Regulations财务条例Financial Services金融服务Finding of Serious Injury严重损害的认定Findings（争端解决）调查结果Findings and Conclusions调查结果和结论Findings of Facts事实的调查结果First Regionalism第一次区域主义浪潮Fiscal Incentives财政激励Flat Rate Subsidy统一费率补贴Flat Tariff Structure单一关税结构Flexibility Provisions灵活条款Follow-Down Dumping诱发性倾销Food Aid Convention粮食援助公约Food Security粮食安全Food Security Box粮食安全政策Food-Importing Group粮食进口集团Foreign Exchange Arrangements外汇安排Foreign Tax Credit外国税收抵免Foreign Trade对外贸易Foreign Trade Barriers对外贸易壁垒Foreign Trade Financing对外贸易融资Foreign Trade Law对外贸易法Foreign Trade Zones(FTZs)对外贸易区Foreign-Source Income国外来源收入Forestall the Imminent Threat防止紧迫威胁Forfeiture没收Format of Evidence证据的形式Formula Tariff Reductions公式化关税减让Forward Markets远期市场Four Freedoms四项自由Fragmented Industries零散产业Framework Agreements框架协议Franchise Tax特许权税Franchising Services特许经营服务Free and Fair Trade自由和公平贸易Free Imports自由进口货物Free Trade自由贸易Free trade area（FTA）自由贸易区Free Trade Zone（FTZ）自由贸易园区Free-rider免费搭车者（享受待遇而不减让成员）Freight Dumping运费倾销Freight Forwarding Services货代服务Full Contracting Party正式缔约方Fully Grant Form完全捐赠形式Function of Panels专家组的职能Fundamental Fairness基本公正Fundamental Research基础研究Further Processing进一步加工GGATT a La Carte关贸总协定的选择性承诺General Exception一般例外General Expenses一般费用General Safeguard Clause一般保障条款Geneva Round日内瓦回合Geographical Indications(知识产权)地理标志（识）Global Quota全球配额Good Faith善意Good Offices斡旋Governing Body主管机关Government Expenditure政府开支Government Finance政府财政Government Financing政府融资Government Funds财政资金Government Infusion政府参股Government Loan政府贷款Government Procurement政府采购Governmental Assistance政府援助Governmental Services政府服务Graduation Clause毕业条款Grandfather Clause祖父条款Grant back Condition返授条件Granting Authority授予机关Green Box measures（农业国内支持）“绿箱措施”Green Labeling绿色标签Grey-Area Measures灰色区域措施Growth Rates增长率GSP Giving Countries普惠制施惠国GSP Status普惠制地位HHandling Charges作业费Handling Costs处理成本Hard-Core Waiver硬核豁免Harmless Error无害错误Harmonization协调Harmonized Standards协调标准Harmonized System协调制度Havana Charter哈瓦那宪章Headquarters Agreement总部协议Health Insurance Services健康保险服务Health Protection Measures健康保护措施Hearing of the Case案件的审理Herring and Salmon鲱鱼和鲑鱼案Hidden Dumping隐藏性倾销Hidden Subsidy暗补Higher Education Services高等教育服务Highly Indebted Poor Countries重债穷国。

1)经济类APEC，ASEAN，EU，EC（EEC），G8EURO，RMB，YEN，POUND，DOLLARUN，WHO，IMF，PLO，FBI，VOA，CIA，NSA，CCCP，DMZ，PLA，QFII，PBOC，CEPA NATO，NASA，UNESCO，OPEC，NAFTA，SAFEassociate company (subsidiary/ affiliate) 联营公司（子公司、附属公司）aggregate demand 总需求aggregate supply 总供给advanced technology 先进技术active balance (passive balance/ unfavorable balance) 顺差（逆差）acquire 购置、获取、购买、取得所有权acquisition of assets 购置资产absolute advantage 绝对优势（一国或一国的一部分由于拥有原材料、动力、劳动力等自然资源，因而能较廉价地生产某一产品，因此拥有胜过其他国家或地区的优势）authorization bill 授权书asset 资产Boao Forum for Asia 博鳌亚洲论坛bottom line 帐本底线、底线banking 银行业black market 黑市budget 预算budget deficit 预算赤字budget surplus 预算盈余bureaucracy 官僚作风，官僚机构business cycle 商业周期business mechanism 创业机制business prototype 商业原型、商业模型brand loyalty 对某个牌子的忠诚度business fraud (accounting fraud) 商业欺诈（做假帐）bull/bear market 牛市/熊市cutting edge (have an edge on) 优势（比….有优势）cash bonuses 现金奖励commercial 商业广告commodity 商品convertible currency 可兑换的货币corporate/ entrepreneurial culture 企业文化capital 资本,资金,资产checks and balances 政府机关彼此之间\ 公司内部各部门的相互制约和平衡civil rights/ civil liberties 公民权利、自由commerce clause 商业条款common law 习惯法comparative advantage 相对优势competition 竞争confederation 联邦contract 合同cost 成本dealer/ jobber/ broker 经销商/ 经纪人depreciation/ appreciation 贬值/ 增殖deflation/ inflation 通货紧缩/ 通货膨胀designer clothining/ jeans/ sneakers 名牌服装/ 牛仔裤/ 运动鞋demand 需求strong demand 需求强劲weak demand 需求疲软insufficient demand 需求不足effective demand 有效需求demand curve 需求曲线democracy 民主depression 萧条，经济不景气的异端时期，其特征是商业活动减少、价格下降、失业discount rate 贴现率discount market 贴现市场double/ triple/ quadruple 两倍/三倍/四倍（翻两翻）economic growth 经济增长economics 经济学economical 节约的、经济的efficiency 效率，功效elasticity 弹性、可塑性、灵活度elite 精英entrepreneur,entrepreneurship 企业家，企业equities [英] [pl.] （无固定利息的）股票，证券electronic dealing 电子交易employment 就业employment rate 就业率employment insurance（EI，旧称UI—unemployment insurance）失业保险interest rate(s) 利率infrastructure基础设施inflation 通货膨胀fiscal year 财政年度foreign-invested venture 外资企业foreign-capital enterprise 外资企业fund/ capital/ venture capital 资金，资本/ 风险资金federal reserve system （美国）联邦备银行制度federation 联邦fiscal policy 财政政策，财务方针free trade 自由贸易future market 期货市场go public 上市go under 倒闭gross domestic product (GDP) 国内生产总值gross national product (GNP) 国民生产总值hedge (against) 保护或防御手段，尤指防止经济损失a hedge against inflation 防止通货膨胀的措施hands-off management 疏松管理high return 高收益，高回报human captital 人力资本，技能资本hyperinflation 恶性通货膨胀investment fever 投资热investment policy 投资政策investment destination 投资地点infrastructure 基础设施immediate yield 直接回报ideology 意识形态incentive 动力interest group 利益集团（指因共同利益而结合在一起的一批人）joint venture 合资企业labor 劳动力law of demand 需求定律law of supply 供给定律legitimacy 合理性、合法性limited liability corporation 有限公司listed companies 上市公司liquidity 变现能力market intelligence 市场情报、市场调查market share 市场占有率market economy 市场经济managerial expertise 管理知识mass production 批量生产mechanism 机制merger 合并monopoly 垄断macroeconomics 宏观经济学merit 价值microeconomics 微观经济学monetary policy 货币政策mortgage 按揭make ends meet 收支平衡national debt 国债oligarchy 寡头政治，寡头政治的执政团opportunity cost 机会成本optimize (maximize/ minimize) 优化/ 最大化/ 最小化paragon 模范patent 专利political economy 政治经济pork- barrel legislation 猪肉桶立法，又称“分肥立法、分肥拨款pork-barrelappropriations”指立法机关为讨好选民而促使政府向议员所属地方选区拨发的经费。

QQuads 四方集团（指美国、欧盟、日本、加拿大）Qualification of Suppliers 供应商资格Qualification Procedures 资格审查程序Qualification System 资格审查制度Qualifications 资格Quantitative Ceiling 数量上限Quantitative Restriction 数量限制Quantity Commitment Levels 数量承诺水平Quantity trigger level 数量触发水平Quantum of International 国际贸易总量Quarantine Measures 检疫措施Quarantine Treatments 检疫处理Quasi-judicial 准司法Quota Period 配额期限Quota Price 配额价格Quota Restrictions 配额限制Quota System 配额制度quota-free products 非配额产品Quota-Hopping 配额跳过RRate of Subsidization 补贴率Reasonable Expectation 合理预期Reasonable Means 合理方法Reasonable Period of Time 合理期限Rebuttal Evidence 反驳的证据Rebuttal Submissions 书面辩驳Recidivist Dumping 习惯性倾销Recipient Country/Region 受援国/地区Reciprocal Trade 互惠贸易Reciprocity 对等Recommendations （争端解决）建议Recommendations of Findings 建议或裁决Recovery of Costs 成本收回Red Box 红箱Reduction Commitments 削减承诺Reference years 参考年（基期）Refund of Duties or Taxes 退税Regional trade 区域贸易Regional Trade Agreements 区域贸易协定Registration of a Trademark 商标注册Registry 登记处Regular Channels of Trade 正常贸易渠道Regulatory Duty 调节关税Regulatory Requirements 管理要求Related Persons 有关联关系的人Remedies 经济措施Remission or Drawback 减免与退税Renewal of Registration 注册续展Rental of Phonograms 录音制品出租Rental Rights 出租权Reporting system 申报制度Representations or Proposals 交涉或建议Representative Office 代表处Representative Period 代表期Request for a Waiver 请求豁免义务Request for Conciliation 请求调解Requirments of Use 使用要求Res Judicata 一事不再理Reservation Clause 保留条款Reserved Negotiations 保留谈判Residual Tariffs 剩余关税Residual Value 剩余价值Resource Rent 资源租金Responding Party 应诉方Restraint of Trade 贸易限制Restrictive Clauses 限制性条款Resumed dumping 继续倾销Retail Store Restriction 零售店限制Retailing Services 零售服务Retaliation 报复Retaliatory Measures 报复措施Retaliatory Subsidization 报复性补贴Retrospective Remedies 追溯性救济Revenue 税收Reverse Dumping 逆倾销Review 复审Review Session 审议会议Revocation 撤销Right Holder 权利持有人Right of Appeal 上诉权Right of Establishment 设立权Right of First Refusal 首次拒绝权利Right of Priority 优先权Right of Reproduction 复制权Right to Use a Trademark 商标使用权Risk assessment 风险分析Round 回合Routine Notification 例行通知Royalties 特许权费/使用费Rules of Origin 原产地规则Rules of Procedure 议事规则Rural Development 农村发展SSafeguard Agreement 保障措施协定Safeguard(SG) 保障措施Safe-Haven Agreement 安全港协定Safety Requirements 安全要求Sale for Export 出口销售Sales Tax 销售税Sanitary Inspection 卫生检查Scale of Contribution 会费分摊比例Schedular Tax 分类所得税Schedule of Commitments(GATS) 承诺减让表Schedule Price 价目表价格Schedules of Bindings 约束关税表Schedules of Concessions 减让表Schedules of concessions 减让时间表Scheduling 减让表制作Scientific Evidence 科学证据Scientific Justification 科学上的正当性Scientific Tariff 科学关税Scope of Appellate Review 上诉审查范围Screen Quota 反映限额Screen Time 反映时间Screwdriver Operations 改锥业务Secondary Dumping 二级倾销Second-Level Obligations 第二层义务Sectoral Commitments 部门承诺Sector-Specific Commitments 部门具体承诺Security 担保Security Exceptions 安全例外Security Services 证券服务Selection Procedures 选择程序Selective Safeguard 选择性保障措施Selective Safeguard Clause 严重损害Self-Certification 自我认证Self-Regulatory 自律组织Sellers’Price List 卖方价格清单Selling Price 销售价格Semi-Generic Wine Names 半通用酒名Separate Customs Territory 单独关税区Sequencing 先后顺序Serious Adverse 严重不利影响Serious injury 严重损害Serious Prejudice 严重侵害Service Address 送达地址Service Industry 服务业Service Mark 服务商标Service Market Access 服务贸易市场准入Service Regulations 服务管理Services 服务Services Supplier 服务提供者Settlement of Claims 权利请求的解决Shrimp Case 虾案Similar Goods 类似货物Singapore Agenda 新加坡议程Singapore Issues新加坡议题Single Approach 单一方式Single Tendering 单一来源采购Single Unified Market 单一统一市场Situation Complaints 情势之诉Small Economies 小经济体Social Dumping 社会倾销Social Labeling 社会标签Social Services 社会服务Social Subsidies 社会补贴Social Welfare Charges 社会福利费用Sole Agent 独家代理人Sole Concessionaire 独家受让人Sole Distributor 独家经销人Special Economic Areas 特殊经济区Special Import Measures Act 特殊进口措施法Special Safeguards（SSG）特殊保障措施Special Treatment（ST）（农业协议）特别处理Specialist 专家Specialist in Accounts 会计账目专家Specific Duty 特别关税Specific License 特种许可证Specific Measure 具体措施Specific Subsidy 专向性补贴Specific tariff 从量税Specificity 专向性Specificity Principle 专向性原则Specificity Test 专向性测试Sporadic Dumping 零星倾销Spurious Dumping 假倾销Square Brackets 方括号Staff Regulations 职员条例Staff report 工作人员报告Staff Rules 职员规则Stamp Tax 印花税Standard of Review 审查标准Standardization 标准化Standardization Activities 标准化活动Standardizing 标准化机构Standards 标准Standards Code 标准守则Standing Appellate Body 常设上诉机构Standstill Commitment 维持现状承诺Standstill Provisions 维持现状规定Stare Decisis 遵循先例Start-Up Period 投产期间Start-Up Situation 投产状态State Pricing 国家定价State Responsibility 国家责任State Trading 国营贸易State Trading Commitment 国营贸易承诺State Trading Countries 国营贸易国家State-Owned Enterprises 国有企业State-Trading Dumping 国营贸易倾销Statism 国家主义Stockpiling Exception 储存例外Strategic Duping 战略倾销Subheading 子目Subject Matter of a Patent 专利的客体Submission 递交材料Sub-National Obligation 地方政府义务Subsequent Practice 嗣后做法Subsidiaries 独资子公司Subsidiary 从属性Subsidiary Bodies 附属机构Subsidies 补贴Subsidized Goods 补贴产品Subsidizing Member 进行补贴的成员Subsidy 补贴Subsidy Practice 补贴做法Substantial Improvement 实质性改善Substantial Interest 实质利益Substantial Transformation 实质性改变Substantive Disciplines 实质性纪律Substantive Meeting 实质性会议Substitutable Products 替代品Sunset Clause 日落条款Sunset Industry 夕阳产业Sunset Review 日落复审Supplemental Information 补充信息Supplementary Criteria 补充标准Support Price 支持价格Surrogate Country 替代国Suspend concessions 暂停减让Suspension of an Investigation 中止调查Suspension of Concessions 中止减让Suspension of Release 中止放行Sustainable Development 可持续发展Swiss Formula 瑞士公式Symmetrical Comparisons 对称比较Sympathetic Consideration 积极考虑TTargeted Dumping 目标倾销Tariff Act 关税法Tariff Anomaly 关税异常Tariff Bindings 约束关税/ 关税约束承诺tariff classification 关税分类Tariff Concessions 关税减让Tariff Consolidation 关税合并Tariff Equivalent 关税等值Tariff Escalation 关税升级Tariff Increase 提高关税Tariff Item 税号Tariff Laws 关税法规Tariff Level 关税水平Tariff line 税号Tariff Line 税则号列Tariff Negotiations 关税谈判Tariff Nomenclature 税则目录Tariff peaks 关税高峰Tariff Policy 关税政策Tariff Preferences 关税优惠Tariff Protection 关税保护Tariff Quota 关税配额Tariff Range 关税范围Tariff Rate 关税税率Tariff rate quotas （TRQ ）关税配额Tariff Schedule 关税表Tariff Structure 关税结构Tariff Union(CU) 关税同盟Tariff valuation 关税估价Tariff War 关税战Tariff Zone 关税区Tariff-Cutting Formula 关税减让公式Tariff-Free Quota 免税配额Tariffication 关税化Tariff-Only Regime 单一关税机制Tariffs 关税Tax Credit 税收抵免Tax Subsidy 税收补贴Taxation Services 税收服务Taxed Product 国内征税产品Technical Expertise 技术专长Technical Regulation 技术法规Technical Specifications 技术规格Technical Sub-Committee 技术小组委员会Telecommunication Services 电信服务案Telecommunications 电信Telecommunications Annex 电信附件Telecommunications Services 电信服务Television Services 电视服务Tendering Documents 招标文件Tendering Procedures 招标程序Term of Patent Protection 专利保护期Terms of Reference 职权范围条款Test Methods 检验方法Test Value 测试价格Testing and Inspection 检验和检查Textile Committee 纺织品委员会Textile Designs 纺织品设计Textile Trade 纺织品贸易The Contracting Parties 缔约方全体The contraction in demand 需求萎缩Threat of Injury 损害威胁Threat of Serious Injury 严重损害威胁Threshold 最低限额Threshold Price 门槛价Threshold Value 最低限价Tied Investment 捆绑式投资Tiered Formula 分层公式Time-Limited Exceptions 有时限的例外Time-Schedules 时间表Tokyo Round 东京回合Tolerances for Contaminants 污染物允许量Top-Down Approach 自上而下的方法Torquay Round 托奎回合Total AMS 综合支持总量Total AMS Commitment 综合支持总量承诺Total Eligible Costs 可计入总成本Tourism Satellite Account 旅游卫星账户Tourist Guides Services 导游服务Trade and Environment 贸易与环境Trade Defence Measures 贸易防御措施Trade Diversion 贸易转移Trade diversion inquiry 贸易转移调查Trade Facilitation 贸易便利化Trade in goods 货物贸易Trade in Services 服务贸易Trade in Services Statistics 服务贸易统计Trade Name 商号Trade or Business Association 同业公会或商会Trade Policy 贸易政策Trade Policy Review 贸易政策审议Trade preferences 贸易优先Trade Regulations 贸易法规Trade Relief 贸易补救Trade Remedies 贸易救济Trade Rules for Services 服务贸易规则Trade Secrets 商业秘密Trade Statistics 贸易统计Trade Surplus 贸易盈余Trade, Debt and Finance 贸易、债务和金融Trademark 商标Trading Rights 贸易权Traffic Rights 航空权Training Services 培训服务Transaction in Services 服务交易Transaction Value 成交价格Transfer Duties 转让税Transfer of Liabilities 债务转移Transfer of Payments 转移支付Transitional Safeguard 过渡性保障措施Translation Issues 翻译问题Transparency 透明度Transport Subsidy 运输补贴Transshipment 转运Treaty Interpretation 条约解释Trigger Clause 触发条款Trigger Level 触发水平Trigger Price 触发价格Triggering Point 触发点Turnover Tax 营业税UUnder-Invoicing 低报出口Undertaking 承诺Undisclosed Information 未披露信息Unforeseen Development 不可预见的发展Uniform Tariff 统一关税Unit Amount of a Subsidy 单位补贴额Universal Services 普遍服务Unrequited Export 无偿出口Upstream Dumping 上游倾销Upstream Subsidy 上游补贴Urban Planning Services 城市规划服务Urgent Circumstances 紧急问题Uruguay Round 乌拉圭回合Use in Good Faith 善意使用Use of a Trademark 商标使用User Member 用户成员VVagueness of Claims 权利请求模糊Valuation Basis 估价基础Valuation Effect 估价效果Valuation of Contracts 合同估价Valuation Option 估价选择Valuation Procedures 估价程序Valuation System 估价系统Value Added Tax System 增值税制度Value Added Tax（VAT）增值税Value-Added Telecommunications 增值电信Variable duties 差价税Variable Duty 可变税Variable Import 进口差价税Variable Levies差价税Verification 核实Vertical merger 垂直兼并Veterinary Services 兽医服务Violation Claims 违反之诉Visible Balance 有形收支余额Visible Export and Import 有形进出口Visible Trade 有形贸易Visible Trade Balance 有形贸易余额Voluntary Export Quota 自愿出口配额Voluntary Restraint of Export 自愿出口限制Voluntary Standard 自愿性标准Voluntary Undertakings 自愿承诺WWaiver （WTO 义务）豁免Water Transport Services 水运服务Welfare Services 社会福利服务Well-Known Trademark 驰名商标Wheat Flour 面粉案Wholesale Trade Services 批发服务Withdraw 撤回Withdraw concessions 撤销减让Withdraw from the Agreement 退出协定Withdrawal 退出Withdrawal of the Measures 措施撤回Withholding of Concessions 停止减让Witness statement 证词Work of Applied Art 实用艺术作品Working party 工作组Working Procedures 工作程序Wrongful Detention of Goods 错误扣押商品WTO Agreement WTO 协议WTO Secretariat 世界贸易组织秘书处YYearly Updates 年度更新ZZero Binding 零关税约束Zero Duties 零关税Zero-for-Zero Approach 零对零方法Zero-for-Zero Principle 零对零原则Zero-for-Zero Proposal 零对零建议Zeroing 归零Zero-Margin Harmonization 零差别协调。