口译笔译分类词汇（07）--世贸组织词汇
（补贴协议）可诉补贴Actionable subsidy
(纺织品与服装、农产品)一体化进程Integration process
（服务贸易）境外消费Consumption abroad
（服务贸易）跨境交付Cross border supply
（服务贸易）商业存在Commercial presence
(服务贸易)自然人natural person
(服务贸易)自然人流动Presence of natural person
(解决争端)被诉方Defendant
（解决争端）调查结果Findings
(解决争端)上诉Appeal
(解决争端)申诉方Complaint
(利益的)丧失和减损Nullification and impairment
(农产品)国内支持Domestic support
（农产品）综合支持量AMS (Aggregate Measurement of Support)
（农产品国内支持）黄箱措施Amber Box measures
（农产品国内支持）蓝箱措施BOP(Balance-of-payments) Provisions
（农产品国内支持）绿箱措施Green Box measures
(农业)多功能性Multifunctionality
（欧盟）共同农业政策Common Agriculture Policy
(争端解决)专家组Panel
（知识产权）地理标识Geographical indications
《巴黎公约》(关于保护工业知识产权的公约)Paris Convention
《巴塞尔公约》（有关危险废弃物的多边环境协定）Basel Convention
《北美自由贸易协定》NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)
《濒危物种国际贸易公约》Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species
《伯尔尼公约》（有关保护文学和艺术作品版权的公约）Berne Convention
《多种纤维协定》MFA (Multifibre Agreement)
《纺织品与服装协议》A TC (Agreement on Textiles and Clothing)
《服务贸易总协定》GA TS (General Agreement on Trade in Services)
《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》DSU(Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes)
《京都议定书》Kyoto Protocol
《里斯本条约》（有关地理标识及其国际注册）Lisbon Agreement
《蒙特利尔议定书》(有关保护大气臭氧层的多边环境协定)Montreal Protocol
《农产品协议》特殊保障SSG (Special Safeguard)
《农业协议》中关于反补贴的和平条款Peace clause
《生物多样性公约》CBD(Convention on Biological Diversity)
《信息技术协议》ITA (Information Technology Agreement)
WTO最不发达国家高级别会议HLM (WTO High-level Meeting for LDCs)
北美自由贸易区NAFTA (North American Free Trade Area)
采取措施后Ex post
采取措施前Ex ante
产品生命周期分析LCA (Life Cycle Analysis)
出口补贴Export subsidy
出口实绩Export performance
垂直兼并vertical merger
当地含量Local content
电子商务Electronic Commerce
东部和南部非洲共同市场COMESA (Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa)
东盟自由贸易区ASEAN Free Trade Area
动植物卫生检疫措施SPS (Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standard )
反补贴税Countervailing duty
反倾销措施anti-dumping measures against…
反向通知Counter-notification
非配额产品quota-free products
非生产性投资investment in non-productive projects
非洲、加勒比和太平洋国家集团（洛美协定）ACP(African, Caribbean and Pacific Group) 风险管理/评估risk management/ assessment
关贸总协定，世界贸易组织的前身GA TT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)
规避Circumvention
国际标准化组织ISO (International Organization for Standardization)
国际纺织品服装局ITCB (International Textile and Clothing Bureau)
国际货币基金组织IMF (International Monetary Fund)
国际劳工组织ILO (International Labor Organization)
国际贸易中心ITC (International Trade Center)
国际贸易组织ITO (International Trade Organization)
国际贸易组织临时委员会ICITO (Interim Commission for the International Trade
Organization)
国际清算international settlement
国际收支balance of international payments/ balance of payment
国际收支条款BOP(Balance-of-payments) Provisions
国际兽疫组织International Office of Epizootics
国民待遇National treatment
国内补贴Domestic subsidy
国内生产Domestic production
海关估价Customs valuation
海关完税价值Customs value
横向兼并horizontal merger
环保型技术EST(Environmentally-sound technology)
灰色区域措施Grey area measures
货币留成制度Currency retention scheme
货币贸易理事会CTG(Council for Trade in Goods)
基础税率Base tariff level
既定日程Built-in agenda
交叉报复Cross retaliation
进口差价税Import variable duties
进口附加税Import surcharge
进口环节税import linkage tax
进口渗透Import penetration
进口替代Import substitution
进口许可Import licensing
进口押金Import deposits
经济合作与发展组织OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development)
垃圾融资junk financing
联合国环境署UNEP (United Nations Environment Program)
联合国开发计划署UNDP (United Nations Development Program)
联合国粮农组织FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United States)
联合国贸易与发展会议UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) 粮食安全Food security
慢性萧条chronic depression
贸易和投资自由化和便利化TILF (Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation) 贸易与发展委员会Committee on Trade and Development
贸易与环境委员会Committee on Trade and Environment
模式Modalities
南方共同市场（或称南锥体共同市场）MERCOSUR (Southern Common Market)
南亚区域合作联盟SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional cooperation)
欧洲自由贸易联盟EFTA (European Free Trade Association)
配额调整条款modulation of quota clause
瓶颈制约'bottleneck' restrictions
全球配额global quota
上诉机构Appeal body
申报制度reporting system; income declaration system
生产补贴Production subsidy
实行国民待遇grant the national treatment to
实质损害Material injury
食品法典委员会CAC(Codex Alimentaries Commission)
世界海关组织WCO (World Customs Organization)
世界贸易组织WTO (World Trade Organization)
世界知识产权组织WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization)
市场准人的行政管理措施AAMA (Administrative Aspects of Market Access)
市场准入Market access
通知义务Notification obligation
同类产品Like product
乌拉圭回合Uruguay Round
消费膨胀inflated consumption
协调制度（商品名称及编码协调制度）HS (Harmonized Commodity and Coding System)
新议题New issues
许可费License fee
有秩序的市场安排Orderly market arrangements
约束水平Bound level
争端解决机构Dispute Settlement Body
政府采购Government procurement
知识产权IPRs (Intellectual property rights)
直接支付Direct payment
诸边协议Plurilateral agreement
专门的营销机构Market boards
转基因生物GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms)
祖父条款grandfather clause
最不发达国家LDCs (Least-developed countries)
最初谈判权(初谈权) INRs (Initial Negotiating Rights)
最惠国待遇（现通常称'正常贸易关系'）MFN（most-favored-nation) treatment
最惠国贸易地位(待遇)MFN (Most-favored-nation)(Treatment)
WTO术语英文解释
General
GA TT — General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, which has been superseded as an international organization by the WTO. An updated General Agreement is now one of the WTO’s agreements.
GA TT 1947 — The old (pre-1994) version of the GA TT.
GA TT 1994 — The new version of the General Agreement, incorporated into the WTO, which governs trade in goods.
Members — WTO governments (first letter capitalized, in WTO style).
MFN — Most-favoured-nation treatment (GA TT Article I, GA TS Article II and TRIPS Article 4), the principle of not discriminating between one’s trading partners.nati onal treatment — The principle of giving others the same treatment as one’s own nationals.
GA TT Article III requires that imports be treated no less favourably than the same or similar
domestically-produced goods once they have passed customs. GA TS Article XVII and TRIPS Article 3 also deal with national treatment for services and intellectual property protection.
TPRB, TPRM — The Trade Policy Review Body is General Council operating under special procedures for meetings to review trade policies and practices of individual WTO members under the Trade
Policy Review Mechanism.
transparency — Degree to which trade policies and practices, and the process by which they are established, are open and predictable.
Uruguay Round — Multilateral trade negotiations launched at Punta del Este, Uruguay in September 1986 and concluded in Geneva in December 1993. Signed by Ministers in Marrakesh, Morocco, in April 1994.
Tariffs
binding, bound —see ―tariff binding‖
electronic commerce — The production, advertising, sale and distribution of products via telecommunications networks.
free-rider — A casual term used to infer that a country which does not make any trade concessions, profits, nonetheless, from tariff cuts and concessions made by other countries in negotiations under the
most-favoured-nation principle.
Harmonized System — An international nomenclature developed by the World Customs Organization, which is arranged in six digit codes allowing all participating countries to classify traded goods on a common basis. Beyond the six digit level, countries are free to introduce national distinctions for tariffs and many other purposes.
ITA — Information Technology Agreement, or formally the Ministerial-Declaration on Trade in Information Technology Products, under which participants will remove tariffs on IT products by the year 2000.
ITA II —Negotiations aimed at expanding ITA’s product coverage.
nuisance tariff — Tariff so low that it costs the government more to collect it than the revenue it generates. schedule of concessions — List of bound tariff rates.
tariff binding — Commitment not to increase a rate of duty beyond an agreed level. Once a rate of duty is bound, it may not be raised without compensating the affected parties.
tariff escalation — Higher import duties on semi-processed products than on raw materials, and higher still on finished products. This practice protects domestic processing industries and discourages the development of processing activity in the countries where raw materials originate.
tariff peaks —Relatively high tariffs, usually on ―sensitive‖ products, amidst generally low tariff levels. For industrialized countries, tariffs of 15% and above are generally recognized as “tariff peaks‖.
tariffs — Customs duties on merchandise imports. Levied either on an ad valorem basis (percentage of value) or on a specific basis (e.g. $7 per 100 kgs.). Tariffs give price advantage to similar locally-produced goods and raise revenues for the government.
WCO — World Customs Organization, a multilateral body located in Brussels through which participating countries seek to simplify and rationalize customs procedures.
Non-tariff measures
anti-dumping duties — Article VI of the GATT 1994 permits the imposition of anti-dumping duties against
dumped goods, equal to the difference between their export price and their normal value, if dumping causes injury to producers of competing products in the importing country.
circumvention — Measures taken by exporters to evade anti-dumping or countervailing duties.
countervailing measures — Action taken by the importing country, usually in the form of increased duties to offset subsidies given to producers or exporters in the exporting country.
dumping — Occurs when goods are exported at a price less than their normal valu e, generally meaning they are exported for less than they are sold in the domestic market or third-country markets, or at less than production cost.
NTMs — Non-tariff measures such as quotas, import licensing systems, sanitary regulations, prohibitions, et c. price undertaking — Undertaking by an exporter to raise the export price of the product to avoid the possibility of an anti-dumping duty.
PSI — Preshipment inspection — the practice of employing specialized private companies to check shipment details of goods ordered overseas — i.e. price, quantity, quality, etc.
QRs — Quantitative restrictions — specific limits on the quantity or value of goods that can be imported (or exported) during a specific time period. rules of origin — Laws, regulations and administrative procedures which determine a product’s country of origin. A decision by a customs authority on origin can determine whether a shipment falls within a quota limitation, qualifies for a tariff preference or is affected by an anti-dumping duty. These rules can vary from country to country.
safeguard measures — Action taken to protect a specific industry from an unexpected build-up of
imports — governed by Article XIX of the GA TT 1994.
subsidy — There are two general types of subsidies: export and domestic. An export subsidy is a benefit conferred on a firm by the government that is contingent on exports. A domestic subsidy is a benefit not directly linked to exports.
tariffication — Procedures relating to the agricultural market-access provision in which all non-tariff measures are converted into tariffs.
trade facilitation — Removing obstacles to the movement of goods across borders (e.g. simplification of customs procedures).
VRA, VER, OMA — V oluntary restraint arrangement, voluntary export restraint, orderly marketing arrangement. Bilateral arrangements whereby an exporting country (government or industry) agrees to reduce or restrict exports without the importing country having to make use of quotas, tariffs or other import controls.
Textiles and clothing
ATC — The WTO Agreement on Textiles and Clothing which integrates trade in this sector back to GA TT rules within a ten-year period.
carry forward —When an exporting country uses part of the following year’s quota during the current year.
carry over —When an exporting country utilizes the previous year’s unutilized quota.
circumvention — Avoiding quotas and other restrictions by altering the country of origin of a product.
CTG — Council for Trade in Goods — oversees WTO agreements on goods, including the ATC.
integration programme — The phasing out of MFA restrictions in four stages starting on 1 January
1995 and ending on 1 January 2005.
ITCB — International Textiles and Clothing Bureau — Geneva-based group of some 20 developing country exporters of textiles and clothing.
MFA — Multifibre Arrangement (1974-94) under which countries whose markets are disrupted by increased imports of textiles and clothing from another country were able to negotiate quota restrictions.
swing — When an exporting country transfers part of a quota from one product to another restrained product. TMB — The Textiles Monitoring Body, consisting of a chairman plus ten members acting in a personal capacity, oversees the implementation of ATC commitments.
transitional safeguard mechanism — Allows members to impose restrictions against individual exporting countries if the importing country can show that both overall imports of a product and imports from the individual countries are entering the country in such increased quantities as to
cause — or threaten — serious damage to the relevant domestic industry.
Agriculture/SPS
Agenda 2000 —EC’s financial reform plans for 2000–06 aimed at strengthening the union with a view to receiving new members. Includes reform of the CAP (see below).
border protection — Any measure which acts to restrain imports at point of entry.
BSE —Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, or ―mad cow disease‖.
box — Category of domestic support. — Green box: supports considered not to distort trade and therefore permitted with no limits. — Blue box: permitted supports linked to production, but subject to production limits and therefore minimally trade-distorting. — Amber box: supports considered to distort trade and therefore subject to reduction commitments.
Cairns Group — Group of agricultural exporting nations lobbying for agricultural trade liberalization. It was formed in 1986 in Cairns, Australia just before the beginning of the Uruguay Round. Current membership: Argentina, Australia, Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Indonesia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Paraguay, Philippines, South Africa, Thailand and Uruguay.
CAP — Common Agricultural Policy —The EU’s comprehensive system of production targets and marketing mechanisms designed to manage agricultural trade within the EU and with the rest of the world.
Codex Alimentarius — FAO/WHO commission that deals with international standards on food safety. distortion — When prices and production are higher or lower than levels that would usually exist in a competitive market.
deficiency payment — Paid by governments to producers of certain commodities and based on the difference between a target price and the domestic market price or loan rate, whichever is the less.
EEP — Export enhancement programme — programme of US export subsidies given generally to compete with subsidized agricultural exports from the EU on certain export markets.
food security — Concept which discourages opening the domestic market to foreign agricultural products on the principle that a country must be as self-sufficient as possible for its basic dietary needs.
internal support — Encompasses any measure which acts to maintain producer prices at levels above those prevailing in international trade; direct payments to producers, including deficiency payments, and input and marketing cost reduction measures available only for agricultural production.
International Office of Epizootics — Deals with international standards concerning animal health.
multifunctionality — Idea that agriculture has many functions in addition to producing food and fibre, e.g. environmental protection, landscape preservation, rural employment, etc. See non-trade concerns.
non-trade concerns — Similar to multifunctionality. The preamble of the Agriculture Agreement specifies food security and environmental protection as examples. Also cited by members are rural development and employment, and poverty alleviation.
peace clause — Provision in Article 13 of the Agriculture Agreement says agricultural subsidies committed under the agreement cannot be challenged under other WTO agreements, in particular the Subsidies Agreement and GATT. Expires at the end of 2003.
reform process/program — The Uruguay Round Agriculture Agreement starts a reform process. It sets out a first step, in the process, i.e. a program for reducing subsidies and protection and other reforms. Current negotiations launched under Article 20 are for continuing the reform process.
SPS regulations — Sanitary and Phytosanitary regulations — government standards to protect human, animal and plant life and health, to help ensure that food is safe for consumption.
variable levy — Customs duty rate which varies in response to domestic price criterion.
Intellectual property
Berne Convention — Treaty, administered by WIPO, for the protection of the rights of authors in their literary and artistic works.
CBD — Convention on Biological Diversity.
compulsory licensing — For patents: when the authorities license companies or individuals other than the patent owner to use the rights of the patent — to make, use, sell or import a product under patent (i.e. a patented product or a product made by a patented process) — without the permission of the patent owner. Allowed under the TRIPS Agreement provided certain procedures and conditions are fulfilled. See also government use. counterfeit — Unauthorized representation of a registered trademark carried on goods identical or similar to goods for which the trademark is registered, with a view to deceiving the purchaser into believing that he/she is buying the original goods.
exhaustion — The principle that once a product has been sold on a market, the intellectual property owner no longer has any rights over it. (A debate among WTO member governments is whether this applies to products put on the market under compulsory licences.) Countries’ laws vary as to whether the right continues to be exhausted if the product is imported from one market into another, which affects the owner’s rights over trade in the protected product. See also parallel imports.
geographical indications — Place names (or words associated with a place) used to identify products (for example, ―Champagne‖, ―Tequila‖ or ―Roquefort‖) which have a particular quality, reputation or other characteristic because they come from that place
government use — For patents: when the government itself uses or authorizes other persons to use the rights over a patented product or process, for government purposes, without the permission of the patent owner. See also compulsory licensing.
intellectual property rights — Ownership of ideas, including literary and artistic works (protected by copyright), inventions (protected by patents), signs for distinguishing goods of an enterprise (protected by trademarks) and other elements of industrial property.
IPRs — Intellectual property rights.
Lisbon Agreement — Treaty, administered by WIPO, for the protection of geographical indications and their international registration.
Madrid Agreement — Treaty, administered by WIPO, for the repression of false or deceptive indications of source on goods.
mailbox — Refers to the requirement of the TRIPS Agreement applying to WTO members which do not yet provide product patent protection for pharmaceuticals and for agricultural chemicals. Since 1 January 1995, when the WTO agreements entered into force, these countries have to establish a means by which applications of patents for these products can be filed. (An additional requirement says they must also put in place a system for granting ―exclusive marketing rights‖ for the products whose patent applications have been filed.)
parallel imports — When a product made legally (i.e. not pirated) abroad is imported without the permission of the intellectual property right-holder (e.g. the trademark or patent owner). Some countries allow this, others do not.
Paris Convention — Treaty, administered by WIPO, for the protection of industrial intellectual property, i.e. patents, utility models, industrial designs, etc.
piracy — Unauthorized copying of materials protected by intellectual property rights (such as copyright, trademarks, patents, geographical indications, etc) for commercial purposes and unauthorized commercial dealing in copied materials.
Rome Convention — Treaty, administered by WIPO, UNESCO and ILO, for the protection of the works of performers, broadcasting organizations and producers of phonograms.
TRIPS — Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights.
UPOV — International Union for the Protection of New V arieties of Plants
Washington Treaty — Treaty for the protection of intellectual property in respect of lay-out designs of integrated circuits.
WIPO — World Intellectual Property Organization.
Investment
export-performance measure — Requirement that a certain quantity of production must be exported.
FDI — Foreign direct investment.
local-content measure — Requirement that the investor purchase a certain amount of local materials for incorporation in the investor’s product.
product-mandating — Requirement that the investor export to certain countries or region.
trade-balancing measure — Requirement that the investor use earnings from exports to pay for imports. TRIMS — Trade-related investment measures.
Dispute settlement
Appellate Body — An independent seven-person body that, upon request by one or more parties to the dispute, reviews findings in panel reports.
automaticity —The ―automatic‖ chronological progression for settling trade disputes in regard to panel establishment, terms of reference, composition and adoption procedures.
DSB — Dispute Settlement Body — when the WTO General Council meets to settle trade disputes.
DSU — The Uruguay Round Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes. nullification and impairment — Damage to a c ountry’s benefits and expectations from its WTO membership through another country’s change in its trade regime or failure to carry out its WTO
obligations.
panel — Consisting of three experts, this independent body is established by the DSB to examine and issue recommendations on a particular dispute in the light of WTO provisions.
Services
accounting rate —In telecoms, the charge made by one country’s telephone network operator for calls originating in another country.
commercial presence — Having an office, branch, or subsidiary in a foreign country.
GA TS —The WTO’s General Agreement on Trade in Services.
general obligations — Obligations which should be applied to all services sector at the entry into force of the agreement.
Initial commitments — Trade liberalizing commitments in services which members are prepared to make early on.
modes of delivery — How international trade in services is supplied and consumed. Mode 1: cross border supply; mode 2: consumption abroad; mode 3: foreign commercial presence; and mode 4: movement of natural persons. multi-modal — Transportation using more than one mode. In the GATS negotiations, essentially door-to-door services that include international shipping.
national schedules — The equivalent of tariff schedules in GATT, laying down the commitments
accepted — voluntarily or through negotiation — by WTO members.
natural persons — People, as distinct from juridical persons such as companies and organizations.
offer —A country’s proposal for further liberalization.
protocols — Additional agreements attached to the GA TS. The Second Protocol deals with the 1995 commitments on financial services. The Third Protocol deals with movement of natural persons.
prudence, prudential — In financial services, terms used to describe an objective of market regulation by authorities to protect investors and depositors, to avoid instability or crises.
schedule —―Schedule of Specific Commitments‖ —A WTO member’s list of commitments regarding market access and bindings regarding national treatment.
specific commitments —See ―schedule‖.
Regionalism/trade and development
ACP — African, Caribbean and Pacific countries. Group of 71 countries with preferential trading relation with the EU under the former Lom? Treaty now called the Cotonou Agreement.
Andean Community — Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela.
APEC — Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation forum.
ASEAN — Association of Southeast Asian Nations. The seven ASEAN members of the WTO — Brunei,
Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand — often speak in the WTO as one group on general issues. The other ASEAN members are Laos and V ietnam.
Caricom — The Caribbean Community and Common Market comprises 15 countries.
CTD — The WTO Committee on Trade and Development
Customs union — Members apply a common external tariff (e.g. the EC).
EC — European Communities (official name of the European Union in the WTO).
EFTA — European Free Trade Association.
free trade area — Trade within the group is duty free but members set own tariffs on imports from non-members (e.g. NAFTA).
G15 — Group of 15 developing countries acting as the main political organ for the Non-Aligned Movement.
G77 — Group of developing countries set up in 1964 at the end of the first UNCTAD (originally 77, but now more than 130 countries).
G7 — Group of seven leading industrial countries: Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom, United States.
GRULAC — Informal group of Latin-American members of the WTO.
GSP — Generalized System of Preferences — programmes by developed countries granting preferential tariffs to imports from developing countries.
HLM — WTO High-Level Meeting for LDCs, held in October 1997 in Geneva.
ITC — The International Trade Centre, originally established by the old GA TT and is now operated jointly by the WTO and the UN, the latter acting through UNCTAD. Focal point for technical cooperation on trade promotion of developing countries.
LDCs — Least-developed countries.
MERCOSUR — Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.
NAFTA — North American Free Trade Agreement of Canada, Mexico and the US.
Quad — Canada, EC, Japan and the United States.
SACU — Southern African Customs Union comprising Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa and Swaziland.
S&D —―Special and differential treatment‖ provisions for developing countries. Contained in several WTO agreements.
UNCITRAL — United Nations Centre for International Trade Law, drafts model laws such as the one on government procurement.
UNCTAD — The UN Conference on Trade and Development.
Trade and environment
Agenda 21 — The Agenda for the 21st Century — a declaration from the 1992 Earth Summit (UN Conference on the Environment and Development) held in Rio de Janeiro.
Article XX —GA TT Article listing allowed ―exceptions‖ to th e trade rules.
Basel Convention — An MEA dealing with hazardous waste.
BTA — Border tax adjustment
CITES — Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species. An MEA.
CTE — The WTO Committee on Trade and Environment.
EST — Environmentally-sound technology.
EST&P — EST and products.
ex ante, ex post — Before and after a measure is applied.
LCA — Life cycle analysis — a method of assessing whether a good or service is environmentally friendly. MEA — Multilateral environmental agreement.
Montreal Protocol —An MEA dealing with the depletion of the earth’s ozone layer.
PPM — Process and production method.
TBT — The WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade.
waiver — Permission granted by WTO members allowing a WTO member not to comply with normal commitments. Waivers have time limits and extensions have to be justified.
口译分类词汇—-“一国两制"和祖国统一?概述Ｇeｎｅrａl Ｔerｍs?“港人治港”“Hｏｎg Kong pｅoｐle aｄmｉnｉｓter Hong Kong ．"?“一国两制" “one couｎtrｙ，two systeｍs”?爱国统一战线ｔｈe ｐａｔｒiotｉc uｎited fｒont ?反对“台独”opｐosｅthe “Indeｐｅｎdｅnce ｏf Taiwaｎ” 反对制造“两个中国"，“一中一台"?ｏｐpｏse ｔheａttemｐt to cｒeate “tｗo Ｃｈinas” oｒ“ｏｎe Cｈiｎa，onｅTaiｗａｎ" 享有高度自治enjoy ａhighｄｅgree ｏf autｏnomy 海峡两岸关系the relatｉonsｈipsｂetｗeeｎｔhe two ｓiｄｅs of the Taiｗan Sｔｒaiｔs?恢复对香港行使主权ｒesuｍe ｔhｅeｘｅrcｉse ｏｆsovｅreigｎty ovｅr Hｏng Kｏｎg 坚持统一，反对分裂，增加了解，化解歧见 peｒｓiｓｔin reunifiｃａtion，opposｅsepａrａtｉｏn , iｎcｒｅａｓｅunde ｒstandｉｎgａnd ｉron oｕt ｄifferenceｓ 决不承诺放弃使用武力nｅvｅｒｕnderｔakｅto rｅｎouｎce tｈe uｓe of fｏrｃe 两岸直航促进会Associaｔｉon foｒPromotion of Croｓs-Ｓtraits Diｒec ｔTraｎｓpoｒtatｉon 三通threｅdirect links oｆtrade ，ｍail , and ａｉｒand shipp ｉngｓｅrvｉces aｃross the TａiｗaｎStraｉts ?台湾当局the Ta ｉwaｎａuｔhoｒitｉeｓ 台湾同胞Tａiｗan ｃomｐaｔriots?探亲外交ｆamiｌｙ—visit ｄiplomaｃｙ；rｅｌatｉｖe—ｖisｉtｉng diplomacy 汪辜会谈Wang Daoｈan—kｏo CheｎfｕTalkｓ；Wanｇ—Koo Talk ｓ 香港／澳门特别行政区基本法 tｈe BａsiｃＬaｗoｆthe Hｏｎg Kong / Ｍａｃao Special Adｍiｎistrａtive Ｒegion ?一个中国的原则是和平统一的基础?The Ｏｎe-Ｃhina Principleｉs t ｈe fｏuｎｄａｔioｎaｎd prｅreqｕiｓitｅfor pｅａceｆul ｒeunifiｃation 祖国和平统一大业 the great cａｕse ｏｆｐeａceful rｅｕnificatｉon of ｔhe ｍotｈerlａnd hａrmonious sｏcialｉst socｉety 社会主义和谐社会 soｕnd ａnｄfast developｍeｎｔ又快又好的发展 pｅｏple's ｗeｌｌ—beｉng “民生” to safeguaｒｄｓocial ｆairnesｓａnｄ justicｅ维护社会公平和正义nｅw sｏcialist countrysiｄe 社会主义新农村 basic living /ｓubsistｅnce aｌlowaｎｃe ｓysｔem for ruｒaｌ resｉd ｅｎts 农村最低生活保障制度 ｍｉｎimum livｉng/subsｉstencｅaｌlowancｅ最低生活补助 new tｙｐe of ｒural cooｐｅｒａtivｅmｅｄiｃal care sｙstem新型农村合作医疗制度 methａｎe 沼气
口译笔译分类词汇（13）--常见职位词汇 Accountant 会计员，会计师 Accounting Assistant 会计助理 Accounting Clerk 会计文员 Accounting Manager 会计经理 Accounting Payable Clerk 应付帐款文员Accounts Receivable Clerk 应收帐款文员Actuarial Analyst 保险分析员Administration Assistant 行政助理Administrator 行政主管 Apprentice 学徒 Architect 建筑师 Assistant Manager 副经理 Assistant Portfolio Manager 组合基金经理助理Assistant Production Manager 副厂长 Audit Manager 审计经理 Auditor 审计师 Bank Administrator 银行事务管理员 Bank Clerk 银行出纳 Bank Treasurer 资金调拨 Billing Clerk 票据文员 Billing Supervisor 票据管理员 Bookkeeper 档案管理 Bookkeeping Clerk 档案管理助理 Budget Analyst 预算分析 Business Manager 业务经理 Cashier 出纳员 Certified Public Accountant 注册会计师
Chief Accountant 总会计主任Chief Engineer 总工程师 Chief Financial Officer 首席财务官Civil Engineer 土木工程师 Clerk 文员（文书） Collections Officer 收款负责人Credit Analyst 信用分析 Credit Manager 信用管理经理Director 董事 Electrical Engineer 电气工程师Executive Director 行政董事Executive Secretary 行政秘书Financial Analyst 财务分析家Financial Consultant 财务顾问Financial Controller 财务总监Financial Manager 财务经理Financial Planner 财务计划员Foreman 领班，组长 General manager 总经理Insurance Underwriter 保险承销商Junior Accountant 初级会计Junior clerk 低级文员（低级职员）Loan Administrator 贷款管理员Loan Servicer 贷款服务员Management Accountant 管理会计Manager 经理 Marketing Executive 市场部主任Marketing Manager 市场部经理
一.起居类分类词汇 1.卧室 blanket 毛毯 cushion 垫子 quilt 被子 cotton terry blanket 毛巾被 feather quilt 羽绒被 cotton quilt 棉被 bedding 床上用品 mosquito net 蚊帐 pillow 枕头 bolster 长枕 pillow case 枕套 tick 褥子 carpet 地毯（一般指大的整块的，铺房间的那种） rug 地毯（一般指小块的，放在沙发等边上的那种） bed frame/bed base 床架 headboard 床头板 sofa bed 沙发床 folding guest bed 折叠床 loftbed frame 架在空中的床（下面可放沙发、桌子等） bunkbed frame 上下铺的床 slatted bed base 板条床 sprung base 弹簧床 bedspread 床罩 sheet 床单 mat 席子 mattress 床垫（厚的那种） mattress pad 床垫(薄的那种) bed canopy 支在床上的篷子（一般用于儿童床上的装饰） bedside table 床头柜 2. 厨房 refrigerator 冰箱 automatic rice cooker 电饭锅 steamer 蒸锅 oven 烤箱 grill 烧烤架 toaster 烤面包机 egg beater 打蛋器 ice crusher 刨冰机 food processor 食品加工机 paper towel 纸巾apron 围裙 tableware 餐具 plate 盘子 dish 碟子 bowl 碗 cupboard 碗橱 dining table 餐桌 larder 食品柜 drop-leaf table 可以折叠边缘的桌子chopping board 案板 cutlery tray 装餐具的容器 3. 卫生间 bathroom 浴室，厕所 flushing system 冲水系统 flush toilet 抽水马桶 flush pipe 冲水管 foul drainage system 排污水系统drainage 排水道 ventilation shaft/pipe 通风管道toilet seat 马桶坐圈 toilet lid 马桶盖 squatting pot 蹲式马桶 urinal 小便池 toilet paper/tissue 卫生纸 toilet brush 马桶刷 4. 浴室 bathtub 浴缸 hand shower 手握式淋浴器shower nozzle 喷头 tap faucet 水龙头 plastic curtain 防水浴帘 shower cap 浴帽 bath slipper 洗澡用拖鞋 bath mat 防滑垫 towel hanger/holder 毛巾架towel ring 毛巾环 bath towel 浴巾 soap stand 肥皂盒 comb 梳子 soap 肥皂 shampoo 洗发露 conditioner 护发素 dryer 吹风机 razor 刮胡刀 toothpaste 牙膏 toothbrush 牙刷
汉英口译分类词汇——改革开放词汇 保险业 The insurance industry 保证重点支出 Ensure funding for priority areas 被兼并或挤掉 annexed or forced out of business 补发拖欠的养老金 Clear up pension payments in arrears 不良贷款 Non—performing loan 层层转包和违法分保 Multi-level contracting and illegal subcontracting 产值 output value 城乡信用社 Credit Cooperative in both urban and rural areas 城镇居民最低生活保障 A minimum standard of living for city residents 城镇职工医疗保险制度 The system of medical insurance for urban workers 抽样调查 data from the sample survey 出口信贷 Export credit 初步建立社会主义计划商品经济新体制。 to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy. 贷款质量 Loan quality 贷款质量五级分类办法 The five-category assets classification for bank loans 第二产业 secondary industry 第三产业 tertiary industry
口译笔译分类词汇--政治政府词汇 按保护价敞开收购粮食的政策a policy of purchasing grain without limitations at protective prices 把处理事与处理人结合起来integrate the handling of cases with the handling of violators 把有限的资金用在“刀刃上”use our limited funds where they can be put to best use 保持经济适度快速增长maintain an appropriate rapid economic growth 保监会the China Insurance Regulatory Commission 保证国家的长治久安guarantee China’s long-term stability 保证社会公共需要guarantee social needs 保证这些项目如期建成并发挥效益ensure that these projects are completed according to schedule and yield economic returns 避免形成倒逼机制、欲罢不能The uncompleted projects cannot drag on and on and require excessive investment. 不合法、不合理基金和收费项目illegal and unjustifiable funds and charges
不会导致货币过量发行without causing overissue of currency 不进则退no progress simply means regression 不良贷款non- performing loans 不能搞赤字预算cannot leave a deficit in their budgets 不再经商no longer engage in trade 财政偿还能力our ability to service debt 财政的承受能力financial capacity 财政监督条例the Regulations on Financial Supervision 财政日子将更加难过We will be in financial straits. 财政收入占国内生产总值的比重the ratio of revenue to GDP 财政收支基本平衡的原则a principle of maintaining a basic balance between revenue and expenditures 财政资金申请、立项、拨付、使用效果等各个环节的监督supervision over the whole process of fund allocation from application, project determination and actual allocation to returns on investment 拆迁补偿费compensation for demolition 产权划转和产权变动the transfer of and changes in
Nn nach Pr?p. 〈支配第三格〉向，到；在……之后，接着；按照，根据 【例句】Ich bin nach Deutschland gefahren.我去了德国。 Nach dem Film gehen wir noch ein Bier trinken.看完电影后我们还得喝杯啤酒。 【搭配】nach und nach渐渐地 nach wie vor始终 nach au?en向外 nach/ahmen Vt. 模仿 【例句】Er mag einen S?nger nachahmen.他喜欢模仿一位歌手。 【联想】nachahmenswert Adj.值得模仿的 Nachahmer m.模仿者 Nachahmung f.模仿，伪造 Nachbar der, -n/ -s, -n 邻居，邻座，邻国 【例句】Er bekommt einen neuen Nachbar.他有了新邻居。 Wir verstehen uns gut mit unseren Nachbarn.我们同我们的邻居相处很好。 【联想】Nachbarin, -nen f.女邻居 nachdem Konj. 当……之后 【例句】Nachdem er gegessen hatte, schaute er noch ein wenig fern.他吃完饭之后，还看了一会儿电视。 【搭配】je nachdem视……而定 nach/denken Vi. 思考，考虑 【例句】Lass mich nachdenken!容我三思！ Er war in tiefes Nachdenken versunken.他陷入了沉思。 【搭配】(über j-n./etw.) nachdenken=überlegen考虑某事 【变位】dachte nach, hat nachgedacht nachdenklich Adj. 沉思的，思考的 【例句】Ich schweige nachdenklich.我沉思不语。 Nachfolger der, -s, - 继任者，接替人 【例句】Er ist als Nachfolger des Pr?sidenten vorgesehen.他被定为总统的接替人。 Nachfrage die, -, -n 需求 【例句】Die Nachfrage nach Konzertkarten übersteigt das Angebot.音乐会的票供不应求。 nach/geben Vi. 屈服，让步 【例句】Nach langer Diskussion gab ich schlie?lich nach.经过长时间的讨论，我终于作出了让步。
口译笔译分类词汇（附1）--标识提示汇编 1-Road and Traffic 公路和交通 Approaching end of motorway 即将驶出高速。 Avoid the jams. 避免交通堵塞。 Dangerous bend 弯道危险 Diverted traffic 交叉路口 Entry to motorway 高速入口 Left junction 左交叉口 Look left (right) 向左（右）看。 Low bridge ahead 前方桥低。 New hours of parking control 停车控制新时段 No entry 禁止驶人 No stopping at any time 任何时间不准停车 No thoroughfare 禁止通行 No trade or business vehicle unless authorized 未经允许货车禁止通行。 Pedestrian crossing ahead 注意前方人行横道。 Pedestrian crossing 人行横道 Please drive carefully 请小心驾驶。 Road closed 此路封闭 Slow， school 前方学校请慢行。 Speed limit of 48kmh 限速每小时48公里 The law requires you wear a seatbelt 法规要求系安全带。 This vehicle stops frequently 随时停车 2-Car and Parking 汽车和停车 Car park front and rear.前后停车 Cars parked here without permission will be clamped 未经允许在此停车将被拖走Guest's car park 来客停车场 Limited parking 停车位有限 No parking constantly in use 此处经常使用，禁止停车。 No parking except for loading. 除装货外，禁止停车。 No parking in front of this gate 门前禁止停车 No parking in use 24 hours a day 此处24小时使用，禁止停车。 No parking or materials in front of doors 门前不准停车或堆放杂物。 Parking for taxis only 只准许出租停。 Parking permitted 允许停车 Please do not park in front of the barrier 请不要在护拦前停车。 Please do not park. Garage in use. 车库使用，门前请不要停车。 209
口译笔译分类词汇（04）--政治政府词汇 按保护价敞开收购粮食的政策a policy of purchasing grain without limitations at protective prices 把处理事与处理人结合起来integrate the handling of cases with the handling of violators 把有限的资金用在“刀刃上”use our limited funds where they can be put to best use 保持经济适度快速增长maintain an appropriate rapid economic growth 保监会the China Insurance Regulatory Commission 保证国家的长治久安guarantee China’s long-term stability 保证社会公共需要guarantee social needs 保证这些项目如期建成并发挥效益ensure that these projects are completed according to schedule and yield economic returns 避免形成倒逼机制、欲罢不能The uncompleted projects cannot drag on and on and require excessive investment. 不合法、不合理基金和收费项目illegal and unjustifiable funds and charges 不会导致货币过量发行without causing overissue of currency 不进则退no progress simply means regression 不良贷款non- performing loans 不能搞赤字预算cannot leave a deficit in their budgets 不再经商no longer engage in trade 财政偿还能力our ability to service debt 财政的承受能力financial capacity 财政监督条例the Regulations on Financial Supervision 财政日子将更加难过We will be in financial straits. 财政收入占国内生产总值的比重the ratio of revenue to GDP 财政收支基本平衡的原则a principle of maintaining a basic balance between revenue and expenditures 财政资金申请、立项、拨付、使用效果等各个环节的监督supervision over the whole process of fund allocation from application, project determination and actual allocation to returns on investment 拆迁补偿费compensation for demolition 产权划转和产权变动the transfer of and changes in property rights of enterprises 产销衔接状况the ratio of sales to production 产业升级upgrade industries 长江流域的生态掩体an ecological shelter along the Yangtze River Valley 长江三峡和黄河小浪底水利枢纽工程the key water projects at the Three Gorges on the Yangtze River and at Xiaolangdi on the Yellow River 长期国债long-term government bonds
M machine[]vt.用机器制造；用机器加工 【例句】The machine is down.机器坏了。 【助记】机器马需要吃什么食物呢？分析：ma—“马”的拼音；chi—“吃”的拼音；ne —“呢”的拼音。 【派生】machinery n.机械；机器；机构；机械装置 macrobian[]n.长寿的人 【例句】How to become a macrobian?怎么样才能做长寿之人？ maculate[]vt.弄污 【例句】He maculated her clothes.他弄脏了她的衣服。 【派生】maculation n.斑点；污点 magistrate[]n.地方行政官；文职官员 【例句】The magistrate remanded him in custody for two weeks.法官命令把他拘留两星期。 magnanimous[]adj.宽宏大量的 【例句】He is a leader who is magnanimous in victory.他是个在胜利时宽宏大度的领袖。
【搭配】a magnanimous conqueror一个无畏的将军 magnanimous disposition豪迈性情 【派生】magnanimously adv.大度宽宏地，度量大地；高尚地 magnanimity n.宽宏大量；慷慨 【助记】magn大，anim生命，ous－宽宏大量的 magnate[]n.巨头；大资本家 【例句】That did not make him the top-paid auto magnate by any means.不过这绝不是说，他就可以算得上收入最高的汽车大亨。 【助记】magnet磁铁→磁石般能吸金→能吸金的巨头，财主 magnet[]n.磁换；磁体；有吸引力的人（或事物） 【例句】The castle is a magnet for visitors.这城堡使游客流连忘返。 【助记】mag（看作magic有魔力的）+net（互联网）→网络像磁石一样有魔力，吸引人【派生】magnetism n.磁性，磁力；磁学；吸引力 magnificent[]adj.壮丽的；宏伟的；豪华的；华丽的；极好的【例句】He was a magnificent commander.他是一位威严的指挥官。 【助记】mag大，nificent－大的建筑物－宏伟的 【派生】magnificently adv.壮丽地，宏伟地；壮观地 magnificence n.壮丽；宏伟；富丽堂皇
菜单词汇 本帖被only_lala 从中高级口译移动到本区(2007-06-06) 山宴会料理Yama Kaiseki Dinner / 开胃菜Appetizer 极品小菜Seasonal Dish 清汤Clear Soup 生鱼片Raw Fish 烧烤物Broiled Dish 煮物Stewed Dish 油炸物Fried Fish 醋拌物Vinegarish Dish 主食Rice or Noodle 水果Fruit 涮牛肉火锅Beef Shabushabu 蔬菜Vegetable 牛肉Beef 乌冬面Noodle 煎牛肉火锅Beef Sukiyake 鸡肉海鲜火锅Yosenabe 生鱼片SASHIMI 什锦生鱼片（梅）Assorted Sashimi Tuna,Salmon,Yellow Tail,Cuttlefish,Sea Urchin 什锦生鱼片（竹）Assorted Sashimi 二 Tuna,Salmon,Yellow Tail,Cuttlefish,Ark shell 什锦生鱼片Assorted Sashimi 四 Tuna,Salmon,Yellow Tail,Cuttlefish,Sea Urchin 什锦生鱼片船（小） Tokusen moriawase special selection of sliced raw fish（Small） 什锦生鱼片船（大） Tokusen moriawase special selection of sliced raw fish（Big） 金枪鱼Tuna 三文鱼Salmon 墨斗鱼Cuttlefish 黄狮鱼Yellow Tail 雪鱼籽Cod roe with chili 醋腌青花鱼Mackerel 金枪鱼腩Tuna fatty meat 章鱼Octopus 海胆Sea Urchin
Pp paar Pron.几个，一些 【例句】Der Zug wird in ein paar Minuten eintreffen.火车几分钟就到。 【搭配】ein paar几个 Paar das,-(e)s,-e一双，一对 【例句】Sie sind ein neues verm?hltes Paar.他们是一对新婚夫妇。 【联想】ein paar几个 paarig Adj.成双的，成对的 【例句】Ohren und Augen sind paarige Organe.耳朵和眼睛都是成对的器官。 Pacht die,-,-en租赁，租佃；赁金，租金；租约 【例句】Die Pacht l?uft ab.租约期满。 P?ckchen das,-s,-小包裹，小邮备；一(小)包 【例句】Ich muss noch schnell das P?ckchen zur Post bringen.我还必须很快的把这个小包裹带到邮局去。 packen Vt./Vi.抓住，揪住，使感动，吸引；把……装入，收拾收拾行李 【例句】Ich mu?noch packen.我还要收拾行李。
【变位】packt,packte,hat gepackt packend Adj.引人入胜的，很动人的 【例句】Das Stück ist packend geschrieben.这出戏写得很感动人。 Packung die,-,-en包装物，(商品的)一包；包装，商品的装潢 【例句】Bei Beanstandungen bitten wir,die Packung an unser Werk zurückzusenden. 若不满意，请把原包裹寄回。 P?dagoge der,-n,-n教育工作者，教育家 【例句】Sie ist eine P?dagoge.她是一名教师。 【联想】p?dagogisch Adj.教育的，教师的 P?dagogik f.教育学 P?dagogin,-nen f.女教育家 P?dagogik die,-unz.教育学 【例句】Er studierte Geschichte und P?dagogik in München.他在慕尼黑学习历史学和教育学。 Pagode die,-,-n(佛教的)宝塔，浮屠 【例句】Die meisten Pagoden findet man in China und Japan.大多数宝塔都在中国和日本。
中高口译词汇整理 汉英口译分类词汇（01）--社会发展词汇 211工程211 Project 安居工程housing project for low-income families 安居小区a neighborhood for low-income families 保障妇女就业权利to guarantee women’s right to employment 补发拖欠的离退休人员统筹项目内的养老金All back pension entitlements have been paid for the retired covered by the overall government plan. 裁定保险赔偿adjudication of benefits 城镇居民最低生活保障guarantee of subsistence allowances for urban residents在城镇强制推行以养老、失业、医疗为重点的社会保险Social welfare insurance, particularly old-age, unemployment and medical insurance, must be made mandatory in urban areas. 城镇社会保障体系the social security system in urban areas 城镇职工基本医疗保险制度the basic medical insurance system for urban employees 创新精神be innovation-minded; to have a creative mind 促进学生德、智、体、美全面发展ensure that students improve in terms of their moral, intellectual and fitness level as well as in their appreciation of aesthetics 大家庭extended family 大力推行个人助学信贷Personal loans to finance education should be vigorously promoted. 大专文凭associate degree (conferred to junior college students) 代培training-on-contract program 代培生trainee on contract 带薪分流assign redundant civil servants to other jobs while allowing them to retain their original rank and benefits 待业人员job seekers
口译笔译分类词汇（15）--科学技术词汇 “863”计划《高技术研究发展计划纲要》863 Program; High-Tech R & D Program Outline 《国家科学技术奖励条例》Regulation on National Science and Technology Awards 《世界版权公约》Universal Copyright Convention α干扰素recombinant human interferon α 版权（著作权）copyright 版权税royalties 办好国家高新技术产业开发区ensure successful operation of national innovative and high technology industrial development zones 不甘落后be not reconciled of being lagged behind 猖獗的盗版行为rampant piracy 创新innovation 达到配套程度make complete and systematic 蛋白质工程protein engineering 多肽药物polypeptide drugs 多学科交叉攻关tackle the hard-nut topics in science through interdisciplinary efforts 发展多种形式的产学研结合promote the integration of production, teaching and research in a variety of approaches 风险投资基金venture capital investment fund 风险资本venture capital 改革试点pilot reform 改造传统产业renovate conventional industries 高新技术innovative and high technology 高新技术产业开发区high-tech industrial zones 工程中心engineering centers 公益型科研机构public service based research institutions 国家创新体系建设develop a national innovation system 改变研究机构与企业相分离, 研究、设计、教育与生产相脱节的状况reverse the divorce between research institutes and industrial enterprises, between research, designing, education and commercial production 国家技术发明奖National Award for Technological Invention 国家科学技术进步奖National Award for Science and Technology Progress 国家重点科研项目research projects of national priority 国家自然科学奖National Award for Natural Sciences 国家最高科学技术奖National Top Science and Technology Award 海洋工程技术ocean engineering technology 航天技术space technology 核甘酸nucleic acid; nucleotide 153
1、政治类词汇 发达国家Developed country 发展中国家Developing country=Underdeveloped country 落后国家The least developed country 欠发达国家The less developed country 发展是硬道理Development is of overriding importance. 法治国家a country under the rule of law 反腐倡廉combat corruption and build a clean government 工薪阶层salariat; state employee; salaried person 公款吃喝recreational activities using public funds 灰色收入income from moonlighting 吃皇粮receive salaries, subsidies, or other supported from the government 重复建设building redundant project; duplication of similar projects 建设廉洁、勤政、务实、高效政府 build a clean and diligent, pragmatic and efficient government 建设一个富强、民主、文明的国家 build a prosperous, strong, democratic and culturally advanced country 强制性普及方案universally compulsory program 框架framework 机制mechanism; framework 侵犯infringe upon 坚持不懈persistently
口译分类词汇：体育运动词汇口译笔译分类词汇(17),,体育运动词汇 鞍马 pommel horse 拔河 tug,of,war 靶场 shooting range 棒/垒球场 baseball(soft ball)field/ground 棒球 baseball 爆冷门 to produce an unexpected winner 比分领先 to outscore 比赛场馆 competition gymnasiums and stadiums 比赛地点 competition/sports venue(s) 比赛观众 spectator 标枪 javelin throw 冰场 skating rink; ice rink 冰球 puck; rubber 冰球场 rink 冰球运动 ice hockey 冰上运动 ice sports来源:考试大 裁判长 chief referee 裁判员 referee， umpire 残疾人 the handicapped/disabled 操场 playground; sports ground; drill ground 侧泳 sidestroke
称号，绰号 label 撑杆跳高 pole jump; polevault 承担义务 to undertake obligation 冲浪 surfing 出名 make one's mark 打成平局 to draw/to tie/to play even/to level the score 打出水平，打出风格 up to one's best level in skill and style of play 单杠 horizontal bar 单项 individual event 来源:考试大 登山运动 mountaineering; mountain,climbing 第三名 third; bronze medallist 垫上运动 mat exercises 吊环 rings 蝶泳 butterfly (stroke) 定点跳伞 accuracy jump; precision landing 东道国 host country/nation 来源:考试大 锻炼身体，保卫祖国 Build up a good physique to defend the country 队伍 contingent 发展体育运动，增强人民体质 Promote physical culture and build up the people's health 帆船运动 yachting; sailing 辅导站 coaching center 复兴 revitalize 高低杠 uneven bars; high,low bars
Y yacht [] n. 快艇；（竞赛用的）帆船；游艇 【例句】Frank is of the opinion that the 1934 yacht should have won. 弗兰克认为本该是那艘1934年的帆船获胜。 yahoo [] n. 粗鲁的人；人面兽心的人；野蛮（邪恶）的人 yap [] vi. 狂吠；吵嚷 【例句】The little dog yapped frantically. 那只小狗狂吠着。 yarn [] n. 纱线；奇闻漫谈 【例句】I stopped to have a yarn with him. 我停下来跟他聊天。 yaw [] vi. 偏航 yawn [] v. 打呵欠；张开，裂开 n. 呵欠；乏味的或枯燥的事物 【例句】His long boring story made me yawn. 他的冗长的故事听得我直打呵欠。【词组】yawn at对…不感兴趣 【助记】音：仰，仰头打呵欠；象声，打呵欠声。
【派生】yawning n. 打呵欠 yawn [] adj. 打呵欠的；令人打呵欠的 【例句】She stretched her arms out and gave a great yawn. 她伸了个懒腰，打了个大哈欠。 yearbook [] n. 年鉴 【例句】In addition, I'm the editor of our yearbook. 另外, 我还是我们年鉴的编辑。 yearn [] vi. 渴望；切盼；向往 【例句】Is it not in the nature of all human beings to yearn for freedom? 渴望自由不是人类的天性吗？ yearningly [] adv. 怀念地；思慕地；同情地 【例句】I look to see Peter yearningly. 我渴望见到彼得。 year-rounder [] n. 常年工；整年定居于一处的人；常年使用之物 yeast [] n. 酵母；发酵粉 【例句】Yeast makes beer work. 酵母使啤酒发酵。