【考情分析】
1．what，that引导名词性从句的区别；
2．whether，if引导名词性从句的区别；
3．名词性从句与定语从句、状语从句的区别；
4．it作形式主语、形式宾语的情况；
5．名词性从句中的虚拟语气。
【知识归纳】
考点一：名词性从句分类
名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。
（一）主语从句
1、主语从句在复合句作主语。
e.g. Who will go is not important.
2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。
e.g. It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not.
注意：that引导主语从句时，不能省略。
e.g. That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.
（二）表语从句
1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。
e.g. The question was who could go there.
注意：引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。
e.g. My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work.
（三）宾语从句
1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。
e.g. I hope (that) everything is all right.
2、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或 whether。
e.g. I’m interested in whether you’ve finished t he work..
I’m interested in what you’ve said.
注意1：whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。
①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。
e.g. I wonder if it doesn’t rain.
②用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。
e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go.（此句如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解）
③宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换。
e.g. I don’t know whether or not the report is true.
I don’t know whether/ if the report is true or not.
注意2以下情况只能用whether
⑴介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导
⑵whether 可与不定式连用
⑶whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，让步状语从句，以上从句中均不
能换成if
⑷宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用
e.g. It depends on whether we have enough money.
They don’t know whether to go there.
（四）同位语从句
同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news, fact, idea, suggestion,promise等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。
e.g. I have no idea when he will be back.
The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.
1.同位语从句的功能
同位语从句对名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导。如：
The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.
国王作出的这名囚犯释放的决定让人们大吃一惊。
2.同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。如：
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.
他从玛丽那里得知运动会要延期举行。
3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别
1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。
2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述它的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。如：
The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.
他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）
The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.
汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）
考点二名词性从句的关联词分类：
1．从属连词：that, whether, if, as if
注意：that, whether, if, as if。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。
Eg: The question is whether it is worth doing.
My hope is that she will soon be well again.（表语从句）
Everybody hopes that she will soon be well again.（宾语从句）
That she will soon be well again is our hope.（主语从句）
需要注意的是：引导主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句的情况，that是不可以省略的2．连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever Eg:Who will take his place is unknown.
That is what he is worried about.
I have no idea which team will win.
注意：连接代词有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。
3．连接副词：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however
Eg:Where she has gone s not known yet.
Please tell me when we shall discuss our work plan.
This is why he is late.
You have no idea how worried I was.
注意：连接副词有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。
总结：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式，而应用陈述语序。
连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether 和if（是否），as if（好象）在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if 和as if都用不上时，才用that作连接词（that本身无任何含义）。
考点三 that 和what 引导的名词性从句
that和what都可以引导名词性从句，但that是连接词，本身无词义，仅起连接作用，不在从句中担任任何成分；what是连接代词，不仅引导名词性从句，而且在从句中充当一定的成分，如主语、宾语或表语。如：
That he stole a bike was true.
他真的偷了一辆自行车。
The important thing is what you do, but not what you say.
重要的是你做什么，而不是说什么。
考点四 if和whether引导的名词性从句
whether和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句，常可互换。但从句中有or not时或介词宾语从句中只能用whether连接。其他名词性从句，如主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句只用whether 连接，不用if。如：
I don’t care about whether you have money or not.
我并不在意你是否有钱。
介词后的宾语从句一般不用which和if引导，要用whether和what。that也很少引导介词宾语从句，只在except, but, besides等之后才用。如：
I could say nothing but that I was angry.
我无话可说，只是感到生气。
考点五“疑问词”及“疑问词＋ever”引导的名词性从句
1．如何选择这些引导词呢？根据它们的意思和从句所缺的成分进行选择
(1)who意为“谁”，在从句中可以用作主语、表语或宾语。
(2)whom意为“谁”，在从句中用作宾语，一般可以用who来取代，但在介词后面时只能用whom。
(3)whose意为“谁的”，在从句中用作定语。
(4)which意为“哪一个”，在从句中用作定语。
(5)when意为“什么时候”，在从句中用作时间状语；where意为“哪里”，在从句中用作地点
状语；how意为“怎样，多么……”，在从句中用作状语；why意为“为什么”，在从句中用作原因状语。
2．连接代词whoever，whatever，whichever可引导名词性从句，相当于anyone who, anything that等。他们也可以引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter who/ what/ which。如：
Whoever breaks the law should be punished. 任何违法的人都要受到惩罚。
3．who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别
一般说来，what/who等含特指意义，而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义，意为“无论什么/无论谁”，相当于anything that.../anyone who...。如：
Whoever wants to go may go.
无论谁想去都可以去。
Do you know who can repair a bike?
你知道谁会修自行车吗？
You can have whatever food you want.
你想吃什么都可以。
He can do what he wants to.
他可以(能够)想做什么就做什么。
【提醒】
(1)介词后的宾语从句一般不用which和if引导，要用whether和what。that也很少引导介词宾语从句，只在except, but, besides, in等之后才用。
(2)引导宾语从句的连接词that一般可以省略，但如果有二个或二个以上的宾语从句时，最后一个that不可以省略。
(3)如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，则必须用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句后置，并且that 不能省略。
(4)doubt用于肯定结构时，后面用whether/ if引导名词性从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用that引导名词性从句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接that引导的名词性从句；用于否定句时，后接whether/ if引导的名词性从句。
(5)连接代词who，what，whose，which通常不能引导同位语从句。
1. 在主语从句中, 下面的几种情况谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”,should可省略。
①“It is+形容词+that ... ”句型。常见的形容词有important, necessary, natural, funny, strange, surprising, astonishing等。
I was surprised/shocked that the boy should shout at his head teacher. 这位男生竟然对班主任大声嚷嚷,我感到很吃惊。
It is strange that the poor old man should have been invited to his wedding. 那位贫穷老人竟然被邀请参加他的婚礼,真是奇怪。
②“It is +名词+that ...”句型。常见的名词有pity, shame, advice, suggestion, proposal(提议,建议),requirement, request, desire, order等。
It’s really a wonder that all the passengers on boardshould have been saved while the plane itself sank into the freezing Hudson River in New York.
③“It is+动词的过去分词+ that ... ”句型。常见的动词有advise, order, propose, request, suggest, demand, require等。如:
It was ordered that no parkingallowed in front of the building.
2. 在含有advice, order, demand, proposal(提议), requirement, suggestion等名词的表语从句、同位语从句中,谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可省略。如:
It’s his suggestion made yesterday that we delay buying a flat.
3. 在下列动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可省略。这类动词有:insist(坚持), urge(催促), order(命令),command(命令), request(请求,要求), demand(要求),require(要求,需要),suggest(建议),advise(建议),propose(建议) , recommend(建议, 推荐) 等。如:
1.The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight.
2.He insisted that we (should ) tell him the news.
4. 用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。其句子结构为：宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时，或would, could, might+现在完成时。例：
I wish (that可省略，下同)I hadn't wasted so much time.我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。(事
实上已浪费了)
He wishes he hadn't lost the chance.他真希望没有失去机会。(其实已失去)
We wished he had spoken to us.(wished，had + spoken)(事实上他并没同我们讲)
I wish you had called earlier.(wish, had + called)(事实上已迟了).
【考点例析】
1. As many five courses are provided, and you are free to choose ______ suits you best. 【2012陕西卷】
A whatever B. whichever C. whenever D. wherever
1.B 考查名词性从句。句意：由于提供了五个课程，因此你可以自由选择最适合你的那一个。所填词引导的从句做动词choose的宾语，引导词在从句中做主语，故正确答案为B。
2. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt ______ he could have expressed it differently. 【2012北京卷】
A. why
B. how
C. that
D. whether
2 C。本题考查名词性从句。宾语从句不缺少成分用that引导。故正确答案为C。
3．It suddenly occurred to him ____he had left his keys in the office. 【2012江西卷】
A．whether B．where C．which D．that
3.D 考点：考察名词性从句当中的主语从句。it作形式主语，真正的主语为that he had left his keys in the office。且that在句中无意义，并不充当任何成分。故正确答案为D。
4. Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesn't matter ____ you have lived there for a short or a long time. [2012湖南高考真题]
A. why
B. how
C. whether
D. when 4.C 本题考查名词性从句引导的用法。根据空后的or可知为whether … or短语。故正确答案为C。
5. Evidence has been found through years of study______ children’s early sleeping problem likely to continue when they grow up. 【2012重庆卷】
A. why
B. how
C. whether
D. that
4. D考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空白处后面为句子主语“Evidence”的同位语从句，在这一从句中，句意完整，不缺少成分，应该使用“that”作为引导词。因此，正确答案为D选项。
5.The limits of a person’s intelligence,generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but_____he reaches these limits will depend on his environment. 【2012安徽卷】
A. where
B. whether
C. that
D. why
5.B 考查名词性从句。首先把插入语generally speaking删掉， but whether he reaches these limits作为句子主语，也就是说本题应为whether引导的主语从句，故正确答案为B。
6. It is by no means clear _____the president can do to end the strike. 【2012全国新课程】
A. how
B. which
C. that
D. what
6. D 本题考查主语从句。句意：总统采取什么行动结束这次罢工一点也不清楚。此处it是形式主语，what引导的是主语从句，作真正的主语。What作do的宾语。故空格处应使用兼语词what, 故正确答案D。
7. It doesn’t matter ________ you pay by cash or credit card in this store. 【2012山东卷】
A. how
B. whether
C. what
D. why
7 B 本题考查主语从句。句意：在这个商店中用现金或信用卡支付都可以。此处it是形式主
语，后面whether...or…引导的主语从句是真正的主语，whether...or…意为：是…还是…都行。
8. We promise _____attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. 【2012福建卷】
A. who
B. whom
C. whoever
D. whomever
8.C 本题考查名词性从句。首先本句考查的关键短语是promise sb sth“向某人承诺某事“本句指的是向参加聚会的人提供一个和电影明星合影的机会，不定式做chance的定语，然后就是参加聚会的任何人whoever=anyone who，故正确答案为C。
9.It doesn’t matter _________you turn right or left at the crossing ---both roads lead to the park. (2012天津卷)
A. whether
B. how
C. if
D. when
9.A考查名词性从句。句意：在十字路口，你是向右拐还是向左拐都没有关系——两条路都到公园。
whether引导主语从句。it做形式主语。因为从句的部分是选择性的一般疑问句，所以选择whether。
10.—We've only got this small bookcase. Will that do?
—No, ____ I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger.【2012上海卷】
A. who
B. that
C. what
D. which
10.C考查名词性从句。句意：—我们只是弄到了这只小的书架，行吗？—不行。我所要找的是比它更大更坚实的书架。既要引导主语从句又要在主语从句中作宾语，只有what具备这样的双重功能。故正确答案为C
【方法技巧】
我个人认为在师生备考复习的过程中应该：w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
1．从结构和句意两方面分析定语从句和名词性从句，尤其是定语从句和同位语从句的区别。2．从结构入手，分析名词性从句和状语从句之间的关系及区别。
3．加强名词性从句引导词各自意义，用法，特点的辨析。
4．加强长、难句的分析和理解练习。
总之，在名词性从句的测试中首先应该把握住名词性从句的定义：相当于一个名词的句子；其次应该记住名词性从句的引导词：that、what、whether、if、who、whom、whoever、which、whichever、whose、when、where、how、why等等；再就是应该弄明白连接词之间的区别和各自的功能，比如：that和what 、whether和if等等；最关键的应该学会分析句子结构，从句子结构来找到解决问题的突破口：即问题的题眼。
【专题训练】
1.Your skirt is really splendid, but ______we actually need is not a skirt but a new pair of shoes.
A. that
B. what
C. whether
D. how.
2. ______made me more surprised was ______the pickpocket asked my friend to lend him some money and he agreed.
A. What ;that
B. That; that
C. What; whether
D. It; that
3. What do you think of this suggestion that we ______lunch at the new restaurant?
A. will have
B. are going to have
C. would have C. have
4. I don’t know the reason ______you were absent from the meeting, but I’m sure that someone will tell me the reason ______you haven’t told me.
A. why; that
B. that; why
C. because; which
D. of which; that
5. ______made his mother surprised was ______Tom Smith should have been fooled by such a simple trick.
A. What; that
B. What; because
C. That; what
D. That; because
6. According to Bill Gates, the idea ______we can play video games and receive E-mails without sitting at a keyboard will come true. However, it is unclear ______it will be on sale and ______it will cost.
A. which; that; what
B. /; whether; how much
C. that; when; what
D. that; that; how much
7. The doctors are trying their best to reduce the people’s fear ______they would be infected by the present disease called SARS.
A. whether
B. which
C. when
D. that
8. Word has come ______in some western countries, demand for graduates from MBA courses has fallen down.
A. that
B. while
C. when
D. as
9. Though Frances congratulates herself on her success she sometimes wonders ______will happen to her private life.
A. it
B. what
C. which
D. that.
10. I think Mother would like to know ______I’ve been up to so far, so I decide to send her a quick not.
A. which
B. why
C. what
D. how
11. Pointing to the house on________roof grew lots of bush，the old man told me that was________I would stay.
A．its；what B．whose；what C．whose；where D．its；where
12．The news________ is spreading around this area is________ a heavy storm is coming.
A. what；/
B. that；that
C. /；that
D. that；which
13. After more than ten years’ study, they realized________they thought was th e whole family’s dream________ he had been working for.
A. where; which
B. that; that
C. which; where
D. what; that
14． A normal young child gains great pleasure when________ he(she) does pleases his(her) mother.
A. that
B. if
C. as
D. what
15． ________made many contestants angry is________was called the fair play turned out to be unfair at all.
A. What; that what
B. What; what
C. It; that
D. It; what that
16. He told me the news, believe it or not，________he had earned $1 000 in a single day.
A. that
B. which
C. as
D. because
17. They lost their way in the forest, and________made matters worse was that night began to fall.
A. it
B. which
C. that
D. what
18. Patience is a kind of quality and that is________it takes to do anything well.
A. what
B. which
C. which
D. how
19. It has come to my notice________some of you have missed classes.
A. what
B. which
C. that
D. when
20. “What were you trying to prove to the police？” “ ________I was last night.”
A. That
B. When
C. Where
D. What
【参考答案】
1-5.B.A DA A 6-10 C DAB C 11-15 CBDDA 16-20 ADACC
明乐课堂---名词性从句教案设计 高三理科英语唐媚媚 I.教学目标 1.使学生理解名词性从句的概念并且学会区分不同从句类型； 2.学生学会正确地选择引导词和翻译该从句； 3.学生可以熟练的运用到作文句子中，以增加作文的亮点； 4.帮助学生树立自信心，增加学英语的兴趣。 II.教学重难点 1.正确判断名词性从句 2. 正确判断从句成分，选择引导词，尤其区分”that”和”what” III.教学方法 凸显学生为主体，教师引导学生，学生参与总结归纳；小组合作； IV.教具 多媒体；导学案；PowerPoint V.教学过程 Step 1. Leading-in导入 (1) 解释名词在句子中所做的成分---- 主语，宾语；表语；同位语 (2) 引出名词性从句的概念 -----起名词性作用的句子。(给出例子) Step 2. 引导词的讲解 (1)从属连词：that; whether/ if 连接代词：who; whom; what; which; whose; whoever; whomever; whatever; whichever 连接副词： when, where, why, how
(2)分别以简单例子解释说明三种引导词的用法； a.从句中不缺成分也不缺意思----- that b.从句中不缺成分，但有疑问的含义---- whether ‘’是否’’ c.从句中缺失成分，判断“事”或“人”---- what/ who d.从句中不缺失主干成分，但却是状语意思----where/ when/ why /how Step3. 实践出真知 ------- 判断；选引导词；准确翻译 1.That he made an important speech at the meeting was true. 2. Whether we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 3.When he will come to Beijing is still uncertain, Saturday or Sunday. 4. His mother asked him whom/who he could turn to for help. 5.I want to know where he lives. 6.He got up late. That was why he was late. Step 4. 强化训练(题目难度加深；考查类型多样) 将全班分成若干小组，做题后再讨论，互相讲解理解，公布答案 题目类型：1.语法填空 (4道) 2.语句改错 (3道) 3. 作文造句 (3道) 例：1.Police have found ___ appears to be the lost ancient statue. 2.I have a lot of toys, what are new. 3.The reason is because he got up late. 4.我们应该认真听老师上课讲的东西并且写下重要的东西。 5.我写信来告诉你如何提高学习。 6.让我留下深刻印象的事情是他总是乐意帮助别人。 Step 5. 反思和总结 请同学们构建知识网络：名词性从句的类型&引导词网络图
2019届二轮复习语法专题名词性从句学案 在复合句中起到名词作用的从句叫名词性从句，包括主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的词有：连词that，whether，if；连接代词和连接副词what, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why，how等。名词性从句可以表示两方面：一个事实，一个问题。问题又分两方面即一般问句和特殊问句，请看下图： 一、主语从句就是做主语的从句。它由 that 和其他疑问词引导。 1．That they are rich is true, isn't it? (that 不能省略) 2．Where he got it is unknown to us. 3．They lost their way in the woods, and what made matters worse was that night began to fall. 4．Whoever said that was wrong. 5．______ ______ _______ ______ _______ ______ ______ (地球围绕太阳转) is a truth. 6．_______ _______ _______ (任何努力学习的人) will pass the exam. 7．______ ____ _____ ______(我所告诉你的) just now was what had been written in the letter. 8．_______ ______ _________ _____ _______ _____ _____ ____( 我是接受礼物还是拒绝它)is none of your business. 有时用 it 作形式主语，而把真正的主语从句移到后面。其句型有： a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句 It is necessary/important that… 有必要/重要的是…… It is obvious that… 很明显…… b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句 It is believed that…人们相信…… It is known to all that…从所周知…… It has been decided that…已决定…… c. It + be +名词+ that-从句 It is common knowledge that………是常识 It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是…… It is a fact that…事实是…… d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句
一地点状语从句 地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导。 Where I live there are plenty of trees.我住的地方树很多。 Wherever I am I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪里我都会想到你。 二. 方式状语从句 方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引导。 1）as, (just) as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后，但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是"正如…"，"就像"，多用于正式文体，例如：Always do to the others as you would be done by.你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。As water is to fish, so air is to man.我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。 Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds. 正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。 2）as if, as though 两者的意义和用法相同，引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作"仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的"，例如： They pletely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed. 他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。） He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting. 他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用虚拟语气。） It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，谓语用陈述语气。） 说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语，例如： He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.他目不转睛地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。He cleared his throat as if to say something.他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。 The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.波涛冲击着岩石，好像很愤怒。 三. 原因状语从句 比较：because, since, as和for 1）because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或since。 I didn't go, because I was afraid. Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. 2）由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。 He is absent today, because / for he is ill. He must be ill, for he is absent today. 四. 目的状语从句 表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导，例如：
定语从句 考纲要求： 掌握定语从句的基本知识；区分定语从句和名词性从句的性质和用法。 在具体的语境中考查非限制性定语从句的引导词以及“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句；设置语境，考查抽象地点或时间概念的名词作先行词时关系副词的选择，甚至通过增加先行词的隐蔽性来增加试题的难度；考查定语从句的特殊句型，即：特定词汇+of whom/which 引导的定语从句。 复合句中修饰名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从的连接词有关系代词who, whom, that, which, whose, as 和关系副词when, why, where等。这些关系代词或关系副词有替代先行词，连接主句和从句，并在从句中充当成分三个作用。定语从句有限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。 限制性从句是句子不可缺少的部分，主句和从句间不用逗号隔开。 非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，去掉不影响主句意思的完整性。一般用逗号把主从句分开。关系代词that不可以引导非限定性定语从句，其他可引导定语从句的连词均可引导非限定性定语从句。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词，定语从句必须放在先行词之后。有时先行词是关系代词前的整个句子。 1.当先行词是人： 关系词要用who, whom, that, whose等，其中who/that 在从句中课充当主语或宾语，whom 在从句中只能充当宾语，whose在从句中充当定语,不可省略(of whom 可以代替whose指人，词序是名词+of whom。) This is the man who/that can speak several foreign language.（who/that 在从句中作主语，不可省略） I like the girl (who/whom/that)you referred to yesterday.(who/whom/that 在从句中作宾语，可省略） The government tried to help the old woman whose son (of whom the son/the son of whom）died in the war. [注意：whose与所修饰名词之间无任何冠词，否则要用of whom] 注意： ?若连接词在从句中作介词宾语并且介词在前面，代替人必须用whom，且不可省略There is nobody in the street to whom I can turn for help.(turn to sb for help 求助于某人) ?若介词在后面，则who, whom或that均可引导从句，且可以省略。 There is nobody in the street that /who/whom I can turn to for help. （填一填）The settlement is home to nearly 1000 people, many of ________ left their village homes for a better life in the city. ?在下列情况下多用who或whom,而不用that ①先行词是all, anyone, one, ones, those, people等时 All who can dance well will be invited.（who在从句中作主语） Those who (whom)he knows will be invited.(who/whom在从句中作宾语） ②在被分割的定语从句中 A new teacher will come who will teach us English. ③在there be句型中 There is a girl who wants to see you. ④一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个用that引导，为了避免重复，另一个用who. Every student that is from China who likes English will have a chance to get a book. 2.当先行词是物： 连接词要用which，that，whose，which/that在从句中作主语或宾语；whose在从句中作定语，后直接跟名词，无冠词，若有则用of which。（whose是一个表示所属关系的词,在定语从句中做定语,相当于my, his, her, its, their 等修饰人或物。of which可以代替whose指物，词序一般是名词+of which或of which+名词。） The building which/that stands in the center is our school library.（which/that在从句中作主语，不可省略） This is the book (which/that)you want.(which/that 在句中作宾语，可以省略） The building whose window (of which the window)faces south is our school library.(作定语）（填一填）Look out! Don't get close to the house ________ roof is under repair. 注意： ?如果关系代词在句中作介词宾语并且介词在前面，必须用which，且不可省略。 The house in which I live is near yours. The house (that/which )I live in is near yours.
高三英语语法名词性从 句教学设计 Document number：WTWYT-WYWY-BTGTT-YTTYU-2018GT
高三英语语法课教学实录——名词性从句小结教学设计教学目标：掌握名词性从句的功能、分类，引导名词性从句的3类连接词及如何应用名词性从句； 教学重难点：划分句子成份，并引导学生应用名词性从句； 教学过程： 一、导入：通过4个主、宾、表、同位语从句的例子引入名词性从句 His first question was whether Tom had arrived yet. Do you know why the river narrows here What astonishes us is that he was defeated. The news that our team has won the match is true. 二、名词性从句的定义、分类和功能 1. 名词性从句的定义：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 2. 名词性从句的分类：包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句 主语从句：What astonishes us is that he was defeated. 使我们震惊的事是他被击败了。 表语从句：His first question was whether Tom had arrived yet. 他的第一个问题是汤姆是否已经到了。 宾语从句：Do you know why the river narrows here 你知道为什么这条河在这里变窄了么 同位语从句：The news that our team has won the match is true. 我们队赢得这场比赛的消息是对的。 三、引导名词性从句的连接词： 包括以下三类：
专题十名词性从句 第一节基本知识与基本概念 【什么是名词性从句？】 顾名思义，主语从句在句子中作主语。有时本身出现在主语的位置上，也有时出于句子结构的考虑退到句子的尾部，前面用形式主语it代替。从句作主语时，谓语动词一般为单数形式。如: What I saw was beyond any verbal description. That his hair was turning grey worried him a bit. Why the company denied the contract is still unknown. When and where the government will build a city square is under discussion. It is pretty annoying that a small part of the machine is missing. It remains to be seen whether the new novel will be well received. 【宾语从句】 在句子中作宾语的从句就是宾语从句。由于这是同学们接触比较早的一种从句，应该问题不大。所以在近年的高考题中，以宾语从句的知识作为考点的题目较少。但是，宾语从句也有自己的特殊情况，如介词的宾语，形容词的宾语，宾语从句提前和并列的宾语从句等现象。如： We assumed that there would be more than 100 guests. He told the police in detail what he saw and heard. Nobody is sure what humans will look like in a million years. That will depend on whether they can get the chance. Whether I will have the time I am not sure at the moment. The conductor complained that we were not gifted in singing and that he would never come again. 【表语从句】 表语从句的最重要脸谱就是它们应该出现在系动词的后面。如： The only question left is how often the workers are paid. His idea for the coming weekend is that we go skating. 【同位语从句】 从脸谱上看，同位语从句最为麻烦。因为它们也是出现在一个名词的后面，起着解释说明的作用。
名词性从句 同学们，在第3、4、5单元我们分别学习了宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句和同位语从句。它们都属于名词性从句。现在，我们将从下面几点谈谈名词性从句： 一、相关概念; 二、种类; 三、常见引导词; 四、七大常考考点: 1.that \ what \ which; 2.it形式主语、宾语的用法; 3.语序问题; 4.同位语从句和定从的区别; 5.what \ whatever… 6.if\whether; 7.虚拟语气问题; 五、相关习题集中练习 一. 相关概念 1. 名词：表示人或事物的名称的词 2. 名词的句法作用：名词在句中主要作主语,宾语,表语和同位语。另外还可以作定语,状语。 3. 名词性从句：在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫:名词性从句。 二、名词性从句的种类 1. When we will start is not clear. 主语从句 2. Mrs. Black won’t believe that her son has become a thief. 宾语从句 3. My idea is that we should do it right now. 表语从句 4. I had no idea that you were her friend.同位语从句 三、常见引导词： 1）从属连词that只引导，本身无意义，仅起引导作用。（引导宾语从句时可省，但是如果是并列的多个宾语从句，只能省第一个） 2）连接代词who, whom, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever等，有意义，作成分 3）连接副词where, when, how, why等，有意义，在句中作状语
状语从句 学目： 1 ．掌握九种常用的状从句及其常用的接 2.掌握常考点和点 一．九种常的状从句 /地点/原因/条件/步/果/目的/方式/比状从句 二．接，考点与点 1.状从句 接 : when, while, as, before, after, as soon as, till, until, not?until, every time, the first/second?/last time, the moment/ minute/ instant/second, immediately, directly, instantly, hardly/ scarcely?when, no sooner?than 考点 1: 1.－Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her? － Yes. I gave it to her _____ I saw her. A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once 2. I thought her nice and honest ______ I met her. A. first time B. for the first time C. the first time D. by the first time 3. ______ entered the office when he realized that he had forgotten his report. A. He hardly had B. Had he hardly C. Hardly had he D. Hardly he had 4.加一个 the day的例句 ： 1)一些，如the moment, the minute,the instant,immediately,directly,instantly, hardly ?when, scarcely ?when, no sooner ?than等也可引状从句，相当于 ________________ 意思。 2) 一些含有time 的名短，如every time, each time, next time, by the time ，和 the first/se cond?/last time,以及the day, the year, the morning等，也可引 状从句。 如： The day he returned home, his father was already dead. 考点 2: 1. (北京) We were swimming in the lake ______ suddenly the storm started. A. when B. while C. until D. before
定语从句翻译技巧 英语和汉语分属两种不同的语系，其差别很大，翻译起来有诸多困难，英语定语从句的汉译便是困难之一。由于定语从句在英语中应用十分广泛，因此，我们必须想办法、找方法、寻规律，从而很好地解决它。 一、限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句对所修饰的先行项起限制作用，在意义上与先行项密切不可分。 如被省去，主句的意思就含糊不清，甚至变得毫无意义。关系词和先行项之间一般不用逗号分隔。 （一）定语词组 ①I have but one lamp by which my feed are guided.我只有一盏指路明灯。 ②It was so with the vast railroad yards with the crowded array of vessels she saw in the river.火车站广大的场地，河里鳞次梯比的船只，她也同样不能理解。 ③Before following her in her round of seeking，let us look at the sphare in which her future was to lie.我们暂且把她找寻工作的事搁下来不谈，先看一看她的前途所寄托的这个世界。 ④…and the thread which bound her so lightly to girlhood and home were irretrievably broken……而那些把她和少女时代以及故乡轻轻系住的柔丝，不得不就此断绝了。 翻译这类从句，常常是将关系词省去，在句未加“的”字，放在被修饰项之前。当然，也可视其情况不用“的”字，如①和②。这种译法用得普遍，尤其适用于译简短的定语从句。 （二）并列从句 1）省略英语的先行项 ①The lungs are subjecd to several diseases which are treatable by surgery.肺易受几种疾病的侵袭，但均可经手术治疗。 ②A little way on she saw a great door which，for some reason，attracted her attention.又走了一些路，她看见一个大门，不知怎的，引起了她的注意。 ③As a result， a hum of gossip was set going which moved about the house in that secret manner common to gossip.结果就造成一阵闲话，暗中在公寓里流传，闲话一般都是如此的。
名词性从句的重点、难点、考点： 名词性从句在功能上相当于名词 名词性从句的定义:在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 (一）引导名词性从句的连接词 1、连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。 2、连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。 3、连接词：that, whether, if, as if。that无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；as if（好象） 虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。 注意：连词的选用：依据“缺什么补什么”原则确定正确的连词。如果句子中缺主语，指人用who，指物用what；如缺宾语，指人用whom，指物用what；如缺时间状语用when；地点状语用where；原因状语用why；方式状语用how；定语用what或which；什么都不缺用that。whether 和if（是否）， 1. It’s not immediately clear ____ the financial crisis will soon be over . A. since B. what C. when D. whether 2. As a new diplomat , he often thinks of _____ he can react more appropriately on such occasions. A. what B. which C. that D. how 3. When asked ____ they need most , the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved. \ A. what B. why C. whom D. which 4. The last time we had great fun was ___ we were visiting the Water Park . A. where B. how C. when D. why 5. Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That’s _____the best jobs are . A. where B. what C. when D. why 6._______ you don't like him is none of my business. (上海1992) A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 7.Go and get your coat．It's ____ you left it． A. where B. there C. here where D. where there （二）that在名词性从句中的用法 that 引导名词性从句不充当任何成分，没有具体意义。以下情况that不能省略： 1.主、表、同从句不能省 That I can pay back the help people give me makes me happy. It is certain that he will succeed. The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general. The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 2.宾语从句中的that 一般可以省，但以下情况不能： a. 并列宾语从句中第一个that 可以省，后面的都不能省。 I knows (that) he is a worker and that he lives in Shanghai. b.介词in , except 后面的that 不能省。 The reason lies in ______she works harder than others do. The higher income tax is harmful in ______it may discourage people from trying to earn more. c.主句动词后有其它从句插入，或连接词后有其它从句插入，that 不能省。 He judged ______ because he was a child , he didn't understand what he said . Everyone knows ____ happened and_____ she was worried . A that, that B. what, that C. what, / D. that , what d. it 做形式，that做真正的宾语引导从句，that不能省。 I think it difficult ____we finish the task in only one day. A / B. that C. what D. which e.若主句的谓语动词是appear，agree，learn，suggest，observe等时，that通常不可省略。例如：We agreed that all the students must plant trees in the park. 1. China’s success in manned-spacecraft travel shows ____ our country has become one of the greatest powers in space research. A. what B. which C. 不填 D. it that （三）、whether与if的辨用 whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但在下列情况下用whether。 a. 主语从句 b. 表语从句 c. 同位语从句 e. 介词后的宾语从句 f.后接动词不定式(whether to do sth.)
高一年级必修三名词性从句语法专题（一） 主语从句（Noun Clauses as the Subject）I．Revision What part does the underlined part serve as in each sentence? A tree has fallen across the road. ____________ Y ou are a student. ____________ To find your way can be a problem. ____________ Smoking is bad for you. ____________ “How do you do?” is a greeting. ____________ What she said is not yet known. ____________ That we shall be late is certain. ____________ It is certain that we shall be late. ____________ II．Learning subjective clauses Step 1划出主语从句, 初步识别主语从句 How you got me blind is still a mystery. That she had won the first prize made the girl very happy. When and where we will hold the meeting hasn’t been decided. Whether we go by train or by boat makes no difference. Who will host the meeting is still a serious problem. Whoever comes to China is welcome.. Step 2 看以下的主语从句，总结主语从句的位置特点。 阅读第四单元的课文，分析下列文中的主语从句，并进行小组讨论。 1.What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago. 2.What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. 3.What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. 4.Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. 5.So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem will be solved. 先划分句子，归纳出主语从句所在的位置， 根据以上主语从句实例，_____________________________________ Step 3 学习主语从句的主要连接词 1）从属连词：that，whether
高三英语定语从句 【本讲主要内容】 定语从句 【知识总结归纳】 定语从句：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 An architect is someone who designs buildings. Barbara worked for a company that makes washing machines. The woman whom I wanted to see was away on holiday. The last time I saw her, she looked very well. The reason I’ m phoning you is to invite you to a party. 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 The woman who lives next door is a doctor. My brother Jim, who lives in London, is a doctor. We stayed at the hotel （that） Ann recommended to us. We stayed at the Grand Hotel, which Ann recommended to us. I. 先行词：在定语从句中被修饰的词叫先行词。 II. 关系词： 用来引导定语从句的词有关系代词和关系副词，放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又做定语从句的一个语法部分。 关系代词：that, which , who , whom , whose 关系副词：when , where , why （一）关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose 1. that：既可以指物，也可以指人，在从句中做主语或宾语． A plane is a machine that can fly．（主语） The car which I hired broke down．（宾语） Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there?（主语） 2. which指物，在从句中做主语或宾语． A chemist's shop is a shop which sells medicine．（主语） These are the books which you ordered．（宾语） 3. who，whom，指人，在从句中分别做主语和宾语， The man who robbed him has been arrested．（主语） The girl whom I saw told me to come back today．（宾语） 4. whose用来做定语从句中的主语或宾语的定语。 Wei Fang is the student whose home caught fire last week．（定语） This is the house whose window faces to the south．（定语） （二）关系副词: where, when, why 同关系代词一样，关系副词既引导一个定语从句，又在定语从句中担任一个成份。关系副词在句中做状语。
名词性从句 （一）名词性从句的种类 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、介词宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句 That price will go up is certain. Whether we go by train or by boat makes no difference. Who will write the poem has not been decided yet. What surprised us is that he lost in the game. When he will be back depends on the weather. Where we live doesn’t matter. How the pyramids were built was still a mystery. Watever he did is right. Whoever comes will be welcome. Whichever you want is yours. 名词性从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语，而将从句置于句末。例如： It is not yet decided who will do that job.还没决定谁做这项工作。 It remains unknown when they are going to get married.他们何时结婚依然不明。 It is a pity that you missed the concert. 很遗憾你错过了那场音乐会。 宾语从句 宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句(及物动词，介词和形容词后) We hope that you will enjoy your stay here. Tell me why you don’t like school. Don’t ask about what the meeting is for.We are certain that this is true. 动词+ it +从句（it没有任何意义） I heard it that he had gone abroad. I hate it when people speak with their mouth full. 主语+ 谓语+ 形式宾语it + 宾补+宾语从句 I feel it a terrible thing that I have to get up so early. I took it for granted that you would stay with us. 表语从句 表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后 The reason was that he didn’t work hard.New York is no longer what it was ten years ago. That is why he turned me down. The book is where you left it. 同位语从句 同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。 He accepted the fact that she would never come back. Do you have any ideas where we can get cheaper secondhand car? ( 二) 名词性从句的连词 引导名词性从句的连接词；引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：that, whether ,if （不充当从句的任何成分） 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which 连接副词：when, where, how, why I.名词性that-从句 1）由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。That只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语。例如：主语：That he is still alive is sheer luck.他还活着全靠运气。 宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。 表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。 同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 近来谁也没有见过他，这一情况令办公室所有的人不安。 形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job. 你对工作满意我感到很高兴。 2）That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末。例如： It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。