10 逻辑关系（Logical relations） (61) 原因和结果 表原因的词：because, since, as, for, because of 表结果的词：so 一、原因状语从句 (1)原因状语从句通常由because, since, as, for引导。 (2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。此外，because 和so不能同用在一个句子里。 eg：------Why were you late for school?------Because I got up late. since引导原因状语从句，相当于now that，意思是“因为……，既然……，鉴于……”。 eg：Since the rain has stopped，let’s go for a walk. 既然雨停了，我们出去散散步吧。 as和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。 例如：As he has no car, he can’t get there easily. Sin ce we have no money, we can’t buy it. (3)for表示所说的理由是一种补充说明,for引导的从句一般不放在句子的开头。如: I decided to stop and have lunch, for I was feeling quite hungry. 练习： I was late for class yesterday _______ there was something wrong with my bike. He took off his coat _______ he felt hot. you can’t answer the question, I’ll ask someone else. ________the bad weather, we missed the train. 二、结果状语从句 (1)结果状语从句由so…that, such…that, so that引导。 (2)在由so...that引导的结果状语从句 其结构是: “...so + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句”。 Eg. He was so glad that he couldn’t say a word. Liping runs so fast that we can’t catch up with him. 在由such…that引导的结果状语从句 其结构是: “...such +a / an + 形容词+名词+ that + 从句”。 eg：It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything. He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.（天花板）有时so…that和such...that可以互换。 Eg ： It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again. =It was so wonderful a film that all of us wanted to see it again. (3)如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时，只能用so, 不用such。 eg：Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses. He has so little time that he can’t go to the cinema with you. (4)如果主从句的主语相同，并且从句是否定的形式，可以用too...to...句型转化。 eg：He was so excited that he couldn't go to sleep that night. = He was too excited to go to sleep. (5)如果主从句的主语相同，但从句是肯定的形式，可以用adj.+ enough替换。 eg：He is so old that he could go to school. = He is old enough to go to school.
教学过程 一、课堂导入 状语(adverbial)是句子的重要修饰成分。状语是谓语里的另一个附加成分，它附加在谓语中心语的前面，从情况、时间、处所、方式、条件、对象、肯定、否定、范围和程度等方面对谓语中心进行修饰或限制。在不同的语言中“状语”有不同的作用。 上节课已经学习了条件状语从句，对状语从句有两个一个基本的认识，今天我们就接着学习目的状语从句。
二、复习预习 对上一节课的时间状语从句布置的作业进行讲解，点评，让学生们通过讲评能够复习上节课的知识。之后给出几个目的状语从句的题目，让学生们自己思考讨论如何选择，并做出分析，这样可以形成学生们独立思考独立学习的习惯，老师听了学生们的回答之后可以知道同学们对目的状语从句盲点在哪里，后面的讲课中可以针对性地进行讲解。
三、知识讲解 知识点1：引导目的状语从句的从属连词 1【考查点】主要的有in order that, so that, in case, for fear等： Speak clearly so that they may understand you. 讲清楚些，以便他们能理解你。 He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam. 他努力学习以便能考试及格。Shut the window for fear that it may rain. 把窗子关上以防下雨。 【注】so that 引导目的状语从句时有时可省略so而只用that，有时也可只用so：Bring it closer that I might see it better. 拿近些，使我能看得清楚些。 I’ll show you so you can see how it’s done. 我将做给你看，以便你知道应怎样干。
目的和结果状语从句
一、目的状语从句 用从句来表示主句行为或事件发生的目的，这个从句就是目的状语从句。 常用引导词：so that, in order that 两者可互换 Mulan dressed like a man so that she could join the army. 为了能够参军，木兰穿戴成男 人的样子。 I got up very early in order that I could get to school on time. 为了能按时到校，我 很早就起床了。 从以上例句可看出，目的状语从句有一个特点：从句中一般都含有表示可能性的词语，比如 could。 其他还有 will, would, can 等。 二、结果状语从句 用从句来表示主句行为或事件发生的结果，这个从句就是结果状语从句。 常用引导词：so that, so ... that, such ... that 1、so that 意为“结果是……” ，从句中一般不出现表示可能性的情态动词；通常用逗号与主句隔开； He got up late, so that he didn’t catch the early bus. 他起晚了，结果没赶上早班车。 2、so + adj./adv. + that 从句，意为“如此……以致于……” ； Ｉwas so careless that I forgot something important. 我真是粗心，以致忘了重要的事情。 He speaks so fast that I cannot understand him. 他说话太快了，以致我不能理解他的意思。 3、such ... that ... 意为“如此……以致于……” ，常见结构如下： （1）such + adj.+ n. 复数形式+that 从句； （2）such +adj. +不可数 n. + that 从句； （3）such +a/an +adj.+ n. 单数形式+ that 从句 = so + adj. + a/an + 单数名词 + that 从句 He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling. 他胳膊那么长，几乎能摸 到天花板。 He made such rapid progress that he did very well in the mid-term. 他进步如此之快， 期中考试考得非常好。 It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything. 今天天气这么热，人们什么都 不想做。 = It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything. 4、so ... that ... 和 such ... that ... 句型互换 It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again.
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目的状语从句的用法说明 by曹霞 目的状语从句主要的有in order that,so that,in case,for fear等。如： 1.由in order that引导 We used the computer in order that we might save time. I lent him￡50in order that he might go for a holiday. In order that you may create such a picture,you have to possess certain a rtistic weapons. 2.由so that引导 Come closer so that I can see you. I hired a boat so that I could go fishing. Speak clearly so that they may understand you. Put a mark on it so that you will remember it. Write to him at once so that he may know in time. 3.由in case引导 Be quiet in case you should wake the baby. Take warm clothes in case the weather is cold. I shall sit up for a time,in case I am wanted.。 Take your raincoat in case it rains(should rain). I wrote down her address in case I should forget it. I’ve bought a chicken in case your mother should stay for lunch.
原因状语从句 (1) 原因状语从句通常由because, si nee, as,for 引导。 (2) because表示直接原因，语气最强。because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问 题，只能用because。此外，because和so不能同用在一个句子里。 例如：--- Why aren' t going there? ------- Because I don ' t want to. since弓I导原因状语从句，相当于now that，意思是因为....... ，既然.... ,鉴于...... ”。 例如：Si nee the rain has stopped , let ' s go for a walk.既然雨停了，我们出去散散步吧。 as和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。 例女口 : As he has no car, he can ' t get there easily. Since we have no money, we can ' t buy it. (4)for表示所说的理由是一种补充说明，for引导的从句一般不放在句子的开头。如： I decided to stop and have lun ch, for I was feeli ng quite hun gry. 小试牛刀：I was late for class yesterday there was someth ing wrong with my bike. He took off his coat he felt hot. (1) 结果状语从句由so…that, such …that, so that引导。 (2) so…that语such...that可以互换。在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结 构是：…'“ +形容词(副词)+ that + 从句”。 例如：He was so glad that he couldn ' t say a word. Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever (几乎不，从来不) see her. 在由such…that引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不 可数名词；其结构是：...'such +a / an + 形容词+名词+ that + 从句”。 例如：It was such a hot day that n obody wan ted to do anything. He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceili ng. (天花板) 有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。 例如：It was such a won derful film that all of us wan ted to see it aga in. =The film was so won derful that all of us wan ted to see it aga in. ⑶如果名词前由many, much, little, few 等词修饰时，只能用so,不用such。 例如：Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses. He has so little time that he can ' t go to the cinema with you. (4)如果主从句的主语相同，并且从句是否定的形式，可以用too...to...句型转化。 例如：He was so excited that he could n't go to sleep that ni ght. = He was too excited to go to sleep. (5)如果主从句的主语相同，但从句是肯定的形式，可以用adj.+ en ough替换。 例如：He is so old that he could go to school. = He is old en ough to go to school. 他够大了，可以去上学。
原因、目的、结果状语从句讲练 一、原因状语从句通常由because, since, as, for等词来引导。 连词because, as, since, for的用法区别： because表示原因时，用法最为广泛，语气也最强。它所引导的从句可以放在主句之前或在主句之后。 例： 1) -- Why are you always late for school? – Because my home is far from here. 你为什么总是迟到？因为我家太远。 2) He can’t come to the party because he is busy. 因为他忙，所以不能来参加这个聚会。 as在表示原因时，语气较强。它所引导的从句常放在主句之前，意思是“由于”；把众人所知的事实当作理由。 例： 1) As the bad weather, he was lost his way yesterday morning. 由于恶劣的天气，他昨天早晨迷路了。 2) As Mr. Liu is the new comer, he doesn’t have too many friends here. 刘先生由于初来乍到，因此在这儿没有太多的朋友。 since语气较弱。它所引导的从句一般放在主句之前，意为“既然”；就对方陈述的事实作为理由。 例： 1) Since Li Ming doesn’t know the answers to the problems, let’s ask Wang Lei to do it. 既然李明不知道这道题的答案，那就让王磊来回答吧。 2) Since we are good friends, please call me if you need help. 既然我们是好朋友，如需要帮助，请尽管打电话。 相比较而言，for的语气最弱。其引导的从句放在主句之后，所表述的理由是对某一事实进行推断。 例： 1) He thanked me for my help. 他因为我帮助了他而感谢。 2）The woman didn’t buy that coat for it is too expensive. 那位女士没有买那件上衣是因为它太贵了。 二、目的状语从句一般由in order that, so that来引导。二者都表示“以便、为的是”之意。此时，句中往往会用一些相关的情态动词来加以说明。 例： 1) I’ll have to run fast so that I can catch up with them in a short time. (目的) 我得快跑以便我能在短时间内赶上他们。 2) I opened the window so that fresh air could come in. (目的) 我把窗户打开以便新鲜空气可以进来。 3) We will tell you everything about it soon in order that you can prepare for that. 不久我们将会让你知道详情,以便你能够做准备。(目的) 三、结果状语从句通常由连词so…that, such…that引导。二者都表示“如此…以至于”之意。 例： 1) The teacher’s teaching was so interesting that all the students were very exc ited. 老师讲课非常有趣，学生们都感到很兴奋。
目的状语和目的状语从句 &让步状语和让步状语从句 I．目的状语和目的状语从句 so that，in order that，in case等词引导目的状语从句，so as to，in order to，in case of (doing) sth. 引导目的状语 e.g 1. I shall write down your telephone number so that I may not forget. 我要把你的电话号码记下来，以免忘记。 = I shall write down your telephone number so as not to forget. 2. We’ll tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself. 我把真实情况告诉你，使你能自己作出判断。 =We’ll tell you the truth so as to let you judge for yourself. 3. They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish thework ahead of time . 他们比往常更加努力工作，为了能/ 以便能提前完成工作。 =They worked harder than usual in order to finish the work ahead of time . 4. You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heardby all. 你必须大点声，别人就能听见了。 = You must speak louder so as to / in order to be heard by all. 5. Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold. 最好多穿点衣服，以防天发冷。 = Better take more clothes in case of being cold. 6. They wrote to the boss in order that they could improve theirworking conditions. 他们写信给老板以便他们能改善他们的工作条件。 = They wrote to the boss in order to improve their working conditions. 1 . 目的状语从句中常用情态动词may (might) can (could) ,should 等放在从句里的动词之前，从句往往放在主句之后，主从句之间不用任何标点符号. 2 . 用so as (not) to do / in order (not) to do 引导目的状语时, 句子的主语往往是有to do 这个目的的人. 即to do的逻辑主语和句子的主语一致. so as (not) to / so that引导的目的状语不放在句首 3 . 在in case 的从句中不用将来时. 用一般现在时代替将来时. 少数时候可用should do 。In case 与其它目的状语从句不同的是它侧重于将来有可能发生的不幸或不好的事, 而其它的目的状语从句侧重于积极的事 I am taking an umbrella in case it rains. I am taking an umbrella so that I will not get wet. I am taking an umbrella in order that I will not get wet. e.g.1. We were not tired though (although) we had worked all day. 虽然我们干了一天活，但并不累。 2. Although (Though) he was over sixty, (yet) he began to learn French. 虽然他六十多岁了，但仍开始学习法语。 =Despite his being over sixty, (yet) he began to learn French. 3. He is very old, but he still works very hard. 虽然他很老了，但仍然努力地工作。 =Despite his old age, he still works very hard.
顾名思义，用来说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的的从句叫做目的状语从句。表示目的状语的从句可以由that（以便），so that（以便），in order that（为了；以便），Lest（免得；唯恐），for fear that（生怕；以免）等词引导；目的状语从句的谓语常含有may, might, can, could, should, would等情态动词。 例如：You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it. Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold. 学习目的状语从句应注意以下两点： （1）目的状语从句中常含有can,could,may,might,should等情态动词。例如： I got up early so that I could catch the first bus. 我起得很早，目的是为了赶上头班公共汽车。 （2）在口语中so可以引导目的状语从句。例如： We'll sit nearer the front so we can hear better. 我们坐的靠前一点，因此，我们听得清楚一点。 1、in order that与in order to的区别： in order that+从句in order to+动词原形（in order to后面加的那个不叫目的状语从句，叫目的状语）例如： He got up early in order to take the first bus. = He got up early in order that he could take the first bus.（他起床很早是为了赶上第一班公共汽车） 目的状语从句的一个特点：由于目的都是未来的行为，所以从句中一般用表示未来可能性时态，比如上面句中的could。当然还可以用will,would,can,等。 2、so that既可引导目的状语从句，也可以引导结果状语从句。 1）其引导结果状语从句时，so that翻译为“以至于...”，经常可以和so/such...that...转换，且从句只能放在主句之后。如：He got up late so that he was late for school. = He got up so late that he was late for school. 2）其引导目的状语从句时，从句只能放在主句之后，此时可以和in order that换用。如：He got up early so that he could take the first bus. = He got up early in order that he could take the first bus. 常见考法 对于目的状语从句的考查，多以单选和完形填空的形式，从连词的意义角度让大家选择连词。 典型例题：Ann listened carefully _____ she could discover what she needed. A. such that B. in order that C. because D. even though 解析：题干的意思是“为了能够发现自己需要的东西，安认真听讲”。很明显从句表示的是目的。such that本身是错误短语，because 表示原因，even though是“尽管”的意思，不符合题意。 答案：B 误区提醒 如何区别目的状语从句中的so that与结果状语从句中的so that的用法，这是我们需要注意的。目的状语从句的so that是连着的，结果状语从句是分开的，即so…that. so that是目的状语从句，是为了什么什么，有目的的含义。而so…that是结果状语从句，是“如此怎么怎么样结果是什么”。仔细体会一下吧！ 典型例题：I get up so early I can not be late A. that B . so that C.such that D.in order 解析：题干的意思是“我起床如此早以便于我可以不迟到”。从句表示目的，首先排除C，因
●原因状语从句 (1)原因状语从句通常由because, since, as,for引导。 (2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。此外，because和so不能同用在一个句子里。 例如：------Why aren’t going there?------Because I don’t want to. since引导原因状语从句，相当于now that，意思是“因为……，既然……，鉴于……”。 例如：Since the rain has stopped，let’s go for a walk. 既然雨停了，我们出去散散步吧。 as和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。 例如：As he has no car, he can’t get there easily. Since we have no money, we can’t buy it. (4)for表示所说的理由是一种补充说明,for引导的从句一般不放在句子的开头。如: I decided to stop and have lunch, for I was feeling quite hungry. 小试牛刀： I was late for class yesterday _______ there was something wrong with my bike. He took off his coat _______ he felt hot. you can’t answer the question, I’ll ask som eone else. ●结果状语从句 (1)结果状语从句由so…that, such…that, so that引导。 (2)so…that语such...that可以互换。在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是: “...so + 形容词（副词）+ that + 从句”。 例如：He was so glad that he couldn’t say a word. Mother lives so far away that we hardly ever（几乎不，从来不） see her. 在由such…that引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；其结构是: “...such +a / an + 形容词+名词+ that + 从句”。 例如：It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything. He had such long arms that he could almost touch the ceiling.（天花板） 有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。 例如：It was such a wonderful film that all of us wanted to see it again. =The film was so wonderful that all of us wanted to see it again. (3)如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时，只能用so, 不用such。 例如：Soon there were so many deer that they ate up all the wild roses. He has so little time that he can’t go to the cinema with you. （4）如果主从句的主语相同，并且从句是否定的形式，可以用too...to...句型转化。 例如：He was so excited that he couldn't go to sleep that night. = He was too excited to go to sleep.（5）如果主从句的主语相同，但从句是肯定的形式，可以用adj.+ enough替换。 例如：He is so old that he could go to school. = He is old enough to go to school.他够大了，可以去上学。 小试牛刀：It is ___ hot in the room ___ we have to go out for a walk.
1．We'll stay at home if it _____ tomorrow. A．rain B ．rains C ．is raining rain 2．We didn't go home we finished the work. A．since B ．until C ．because 3．She when I went to see her. A．is reading B ．have read C ．was reading 4．___ the rain stops, we ' ll set off for the station. A．Before B ．Unless C ．As soon as 5．She looks forward every spring to ___ the flower-lined garden. A．visit B ．paying a visit C ．walk in in 6．Mr. White hoped he _____ China the next year. A．would visit B ．will visit C ．visited visited 7．I told him that the sun in the east. A．rises B ．rose C ．has risen 2 D ．was rising 8．She was tired she could not move an inch. A．so, that B ．such, that C ．very, that ,as 9．He was sentenced A ．that B ．since C ．because D．Because of 10．I didn 't know what ____________ . A．was the matter B ．is the matter C ．the matter was matter is 11．I couldn ' t agree with ____________________ at the meeting. A．that you said B ．which you said C ．what did you say you said 12．The bad manran away to avoid _______ and was finally put into prison. A．seeing B ．to be seen C ．being seen be caught 13．Everyone except Jim and Jack __________________________ . A．know who is he B ．know who he is C ．knows who is he D ．knows who he is 15．It is ten years ____ I left my hometown. A．since B ．If C ．whether 16．Could you tell us ____ Mr. Brown lives in Room 202 ？ A．that B ．where C．until 17．I learned a little Russian ____ I was at middle school. A．though B ．although C ．as if 18．I don 't know ______ or not it will rain tomorrow. A．that B ．When C．if 19．—Why is their classroom so clean and tidy ？— _____ it is cleaned every day. A．Since B ．As C．Because 20．Can you tell me _____ is going to give us a talk next Monday ？A．who B．whom C．whose 21. Please answer the question in a loud enough voice ___ all the class may hear. A. so, that B. or C. in order that 22. Lift it up___I may see it. A. though B. so that C. as 23. I hurried___I wouldn't be late for class. A. so B. so that C. if
初中英语状语从句讲解 1.时间状语从句 2. 条件状语从句 3. 原因状语从句 4. 结果状语从句 5. 比较状语从句 6. 目的状语从句 7. 让步状语从句 8. 地点状语从句 2.用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语 从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。 1. 时间状语从句 (1)时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等连词来引导。例如： It was raining hard when got to school yesterday. While he was doing his homework, the telephone rang. As he walked along the lake, he sang happily. He had learned a little Chinese before he came to China. After he finished middle school, he went to work in a factory. (2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或 状态。例如： I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to New York. I will tell him everything when he comes back. He won’t believe it until he sees it with his own eyes. (3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用 肯定式，其含义是“一直到……时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到……才……”, “在……以前不……”, 谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如： The young man read till the light went out. Let’s wait until the rain stops. We won’t start until Bob comes. Don’t get off until the bus stops. 2. 条件状语从句 (1)条件状语从句通常由if, unless引导。例如： What shall we do if it snows tomorrow? Don’t leave the building unless I tell you to. (2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。 例如： I’ll help you with your English if am free tomorrow. He won’t be late unless he is ill.
I状语从句类型。逻辑关系 1.Morissette said to the large crowded before she started to play.________ 2.While I watched and listened, I knew that I was seeing the performance of a real super star. ________ 3.You are free to go wherever you like. ________ 4.As his mother was a great music lover, he lived with music from birth. ________ 5.She had to draw piano keys on a piece of paper so that he could learn to play as early as possible.________ 6.Although the concert hall was cold and the sound system caused a few problems, the audience could still enjoy the concert. _______ 7.He was made to practise the piano so much that, at times, he thought about giving up.________ 8.Henry doesn’t have so/as many books as I have. _______ 9.If I don’t finish my project on the history of the Internet for next Monday’s lesson, the science teacher will be angry. _______ 10.Kong did as his mother told him to do and finially succeeded. _______ II.状语从句详解 (一)原因状从 原因状语从句连接词：as, because, since, now (that) (既然), for (由于)，considering that（顾及到）, seeing that（由于）： Seeing (that) quite a few people were absent, we decided to put the meeting off. Considering that they are just beginners, they are doing quite a good job. ________________________________, let’s try and reach a decision.（既然你们都在这儿） ___________________________________________________. 由于她病了，她没有参加聚会。★比较because, since, as和for： I didn't go, _________ I was afraid. ____________ the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey. He is absent today, _____________ he is ill. He must be ill, ______________ he is absent today. It’s morning now, _______________ the birds are singing. （二）目的状语从句that, so that, in order that, for fear that, in case You must speak louder .(以便大家能听到) He wrote the name down __________________________________.(以防他忘了) Better take more clothes_____________________________.(以防天气冷) （三）结果状语从句so… that 或such…that；so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。 ___________________________________________________.(这个孩子太小,他不能上学) ________________________________________________.他赚如此少的钱以致于不能养家。So clever___________________________________________________________他如此聪明