名词从句语法知识讲解
名词从句有两个关键词，名词和从句，这两个关键词是什么关系呢?是同位关系，也就是说：这个从句相当于一个名词，就是一个句子(从句)起到的语法作用和一个名词是一样的。
下面这个比方可能会加深我们对从句的理解：比如一个家庭有四个成员，父亲，母亲，儿子和女儿，儿子和女儿结婚后又组成了两个新的家庭，这两个新的家庭从属于原来的家庭。
由此我们知道一条关于名词从句的规则：把一个(带有谓语的)句子当成一个名词来看待，名词能作什么句子成分，这个句子就能作什么句子成分，下面我们逐步演绎一下。
举个例子：I knew the boy. 我认识那个男孩。
I knew the boy was ill. 我知道那个男孩生病了。
假如第一句话是原来的家庭，家庭成员有主语I，谓语knew和宾语boy。
第二句话中依然有主语I和谓语knew，但是宾语变成了一句话，也就相当于组建了一个新的家庭，这个家庭从属于之前的家庭。
第一句话中the boy 是一个名词，在句子中充当动词knew的宾语;第二句话中the boy was ill是一个句子，也充当动词knew的宾语，起到的语法作用和名词the boy是相同的，都是宾语，但the boy was ill 是一个句子，因此不能说这个句子是宾语，而是宾语从句。
名词是人们给人或事物取的名字，归根结底是人或事物，我们可
以认为就是事物。
而句子则是一件具体的事情，我们可以理解为是发生的事件。
这个事件的语法作用相当于一个事物，那么这个事件就相当于一个名词，这个事件就是从句。
那么名词可以在句子中充当什么成分呢?可以是主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等等，也就是说主语从句属于名词从句、宾语从句属于名词从句，表语从句也属于名词从句，依此类推。
名词从句可以从另一个角度来划分：由陈述句引出的名词从句和由疑问句引出的名词从句两种。
我们知道疑问句有两种：一般疑问句和特殊疑问句，因此，由疑问句引出的名词从句也分为两种，由一般疑问句引出的名词从句和由特殊疑问句引出的名词从句两种。
我们可以认为有三种名词从句：由陈述句引出的名词从句;由一般疑问句引出的名词从句和由特殊疑问句引出的名词从句。
上面说法显得挺乱的，简单理解就是陈述句变来的、一般疑问句变来的和特殊疑问句变来的三种。
划线的部分是句子，我们把它当做一个名词，这时它是主语，谓语是should be, obvious是形容词充当表语。
需要注意的是在句子前面加了一个连词that，当主语从句位于句首时that不可以省略。
这种主语从句我们一般避免上面这种表达方式，而是用it作形式
主语，真正的主语后移：It is obvious (that) the early bird catches the worm.这时候可以省略连词that。
我们同样可以让这个句子作宾语：Everyone knows (that) the early bird catches the worm.每个人都知道早起的鸟有虫子吃。
划线的部分是句子，我们把它当做一个名词，这时它是宾语，谓语是knows, everyone是代词作主语。
连词that引导宾语从句的时候可以省略。
二、由一般疑问句引出的名词从句下面是一个一般疑问句：Has he changed his mind?他改变想法了吗?疑问句同样是一件事情，我们也可以认为它是一个名词，名词可以在句中作主语、表语、宾语等等：1、作主语Whether he has changed his mind (or not) doesn’t matter.他是否改变想法已经不重要了。
上面划线的部分就是由一般疑问句变成的主语从句，我们可以认为这个主语从句就是主语，也就是它相当于一个名词。
需要注意的是两点：第一，要用连接词if或whether来引导，第二，语序由疑问句语序改为陈述句语序。
注意：连接词用于句首时不能用if。
2、作表语The question is whether he has changed his mind.问题是他是否改变想法了。
question是主语，is是系动词，划线的句子是表语(从句)，相当于一个名词。
注意：作表语时不能用if。
3、作动词宾语I want to know whether/if he has changed his mind (or not).我想知道他是否改变了想法。
注意：作动词宾语时可以用if。
4、作介词宾语I’m concerned about whether he has changed his mind (or not).我很关心他是否改变想法了。
注意：作介词宾语时不能用if。
需要总体说明的是：如果对于从属连词是用whether还是用if没有把握的时候，用whether总是保险的。
…or not用不用皆可，特别是与whether连用时。
总体说明：1、名词从句就是把一个句子当成一个名词来看，名词能在句中作什么成分就是什么从句，比如名词能作主语，那么主语从句就属于名词从句;名词能作宾语，宾语从句也属于名词从句等等。
2、从句和主句的连接必须要有连词，当然有时可以省略。
由陈述句变来的名词从句的连接词是that;由一般疑问句变来的名词从句的连接词是if或whether;由特殊疑问句变来的名词从句的连接词是特殊疑问词，注意，这时特殊疑问词也是连词，虽然它们外表是一样的。
3、名词从句的语序一定要用陈述句语序。
公众号：英语语法教程
名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组，名词从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一．主语从句 1.作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether, if和连接代词what, who, which, whatever,whoever以及连接副词how, when, where, why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用。连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。主语从句要求使用陈述句语序。 What surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well. How he was successful is still a puzzle. That he is going aboard made him excited. Where the English party will be held has not yet been announced. 注：有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。 It is interesting that you like him. It is a pity that you can not go to the party tonight. 2.连接词的选用 （1）that和what的选用 that和what都可引导主语从句。what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当某些成分，可作从句的主语、宾语或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，无词义，只起连接词作用。 What he wants is a book. 他想要的是一本书。 That light travels in straight lines is known to all. 众所周知，光线沿直线运行。 （2）if和whether的选用
名词性从句高考题语法填空 1. （2014北京卷）30. The best moment for the football star was _______ he scored the winning goal. 2. I am afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is ______ he never finishes anything. 3. （2014大纲卷）2 4. Exactly ____ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 156 5. 4. It suddenly occurred to him he had left his keys in the office. 5. （2014福建卷）34. Pick yourself up. Courage is doing you're afraid to do. 6. He thought mattered most in improving your spoken English was enough confidence and practice. 7. （2014湖南卷）24. As John Lennon once said，life is_____ happens to you while you are busy making other plans. 8. _____ is known to us all is that the 2010 Asian Games will take place in Guangzhou. 9.2014山东卷）7. It is difficult for us to imagine_____ life was like for slaves in the ancient world. 10. The shocking news mad me realize ________ terrible problems we would face. 11.（2014四川卷）2. Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, "That's ______ I was born." 12. —I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. —That’s_______I don’t agree. You should have a more active life. 14. （2014浙江卷）8. “Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is _____ my mother used to tell me. 15. People have heard what the president has said; they are waiting to see ____ he will do. 16. （2014重庆卷）12.—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? —Yeah, but I have no idea ____ he did it; that’s one of his favorite universities. A. when B. Why C. that D. how 1. (2013·北京卷·T31)makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. 2.(2013·山东卷·T30)It’s good to know the dogs will be well cared for while we’re away. 3.(2013·浙江卷·T16)The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief you are better than anyone else on the sports field. 4.(2013·四川卷·T6)you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company. 5.(2013·重庆卷·T28)struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son. 6.(2013·天津卷·T15)I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents. 7.(2013·北京卷·T33)Experts believe people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.
名词性从句的填空练习及语法填空 名词性从句填空专练 一、用that 与what 填空 1.______ he wants is a book. 2. ______ he wants to go there is obvious. 3.The result is ______ we won the game. 4.This is _____ we want to know. 5.Is _____ he told us true ? 6.We should pay attention to ______ the teacher is saying. 7. I have no doubt _____ he will come. 8. I have no idea _____ he did that afternoon. 9._____ has made China_____ it is now? 10.___we can’t get seems better than___ we have . 11.A computer can only do_____ you instructed it to do . 12.He became so angry___ he couldn't speak . 13.There is the city____ we visited last year . 14.___the price of cars will go down . 15. ______he did surprised us . 16.______ you have done might do harm to other people. 17.______ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. 18. ______ you don't like him is none of my business. 19.The fact ____ he is a model teacher is well-known. 20.They expressed the hope____ they would come over to China again. 二、用if 或whether填空 1. I asked her __________ she had a bike. 2.______ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather. 3. We’re worried about ________ he is safe. 4. I don’t know ___________ he is well or not. 5. I don’t know ________ or not he is well. 6. The question is _______ he should do it. 7.The doctor can hardly answer the question______ the old man will recover soon. 8. I don’t know _______ to go. 9.______ you are not free tomorrow, I’ll go without you. 三、改正下列句子中的错误，每句一处错。 1.The American Civil War broke out in 1861 is known to many of us. 2.That he saw there impressed him deeply. 3.This is all what I know. 4.Could you tell me where do you live? 5.The old minister came back with a message which the cloth was really magnificent. 6.It is unknown if he will come.
what引导名词性从句的五种用法 一、用法归纳 1. 表示“……的东西或事情”： They’ve done what they can to help her. 他们已经尽力帮助了她。 He saves what he earns. 他赚多少，积蓄多少。 What Mary is is the secretary. 玛丽的职务是秘书。 2. 表示“……的人或的样子”： He is no longer what he was. 他已经不是以前的那个样子。 He is what is generally called a traitor. 他就是人们通常所说的叛徒。 Who is it that has made Fred what he is now? 是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的？ 3. 表示“……的数量或数目”： Our income is now double what it was ten years ago. 我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。 The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation. 现在我校学生的数量是解放前的10倍。 4. 表示“……的时间”： After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile. 似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。 The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours. 小女孩吓得不敢说话，在那儿站了几个小时。 5. 表示“……的地方”： This is what they call Salt Lake City. 这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。 In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America. 1492年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。 二、用法说明 (1) 这样用的what相当于“先行词+关系代词”，所以其前不能有先行词： 你喜欢什么就拿什么吧。 正：You can have what you like. / You can have everything (that) you like. 误：You can have everything what you like. (2) 有时what 可用作限定词，其后修饰一个名词： I gave him what books I had. 我把我所有的书都给他了。 He gave me what money he had about him. 他把身边带有的钱全给了我。 (3) What 后的名词可以是复数名词或不可数名词，但通常不能是单数可数名词： 误：I gave him what book I had.
英语语法名词性从句用法小结 名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses）。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一. 名词性从句的连接词 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为四类： 1. that（无含义，不充当成分） 2. whether, if（有“是否”的含义，但不充当成分） 3. 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever,whose, which,whichever. （在从句中做主语、宾语、表语和定语） 连接副词：when, whenever,where,wherever, how, however,why（在从句中做状语） 4. as if,as though,because（不充当成分，在名词性从句中只引导表语从句） 二. 四类名词性从句语法要点 1.主语从句 在整个句子中用作主语的从句叫主语从句。 What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。 It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。 Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.
英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。 it 作形式主语：有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it 代替主语从句作形式主语放 于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。 It is clear that he is innocent in the accident. 很明显，他在这场事故中是无辜的。 2. 宾语从句 在整个句子中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。 He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。 We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。 it 作形式宾语：在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”的句型中，如果宾语是从句的形式，则必须 用it 做形式宾语，把真正的宾语即宾语从句置于句末。 We found it impossible that the so much work will be finidhed in one day. 我们发现一天之内完成这项工作不可能。 3. 表语从句 在整个句子中用作表语的从句叫表语从句。 The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。 That is why he didn’t come t o the meeting.
25. I know nothing about her but _____________ she is from Canada. 名词性从句语法填空26. It depends on _____________ we have enough time. ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 1. _________ we'27. __________ he doesn't like them is very clear. 2. I remember ____________ this used to be a quiet village. 28. ___________ is a fact that English is accepted as an international language. generally considered unwise to give a child ____________ he or she wants. 3. It's29. Can you tell me ____________I can get to the railway station? 4. ___________ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. 30. They want to know ____________ they can do to help us. s __________ you left it. 5. Go and get your coat. It'31. These photographs will show you ______________our village looks like. t get seems better than ___________ we have. ' 6. __________ we can32. Can you make sure ____________Alice has put the gold ring? 7. It worried her a bit __________ her hair was turning gray. 33. George knew__________ he could get his best, but he did not have enough time to study. 8. ----Do you remember ____________ he came? 34. _____________ he is a rich man is known to all in the city. ----Yes, I do. He came by air. 35. The reason why he has been such a success is ____________ he never gives up. 9. You may do ______________ you take interest in. 36. Sophia said _____________ Alice would like to marry a tall man. 10. The old gentleman never fails to help ____________ is in need of his help. 37. Difficulty lies in the fact ____________ we have no money. 11. You can depend on ______________ promise he makes. 38. I don't think the question of ____________ they are old or young is important. 12. _____________ we should work out a plan to deal with it is important. 39. __________ the 2016 Olympic Games will be held in the city is not known yet. 13. ____________ discovered America is well known. 40. __________ leaves the room last ought to turn off the light. 14. _____________you really need is a good meal and a good rest. 41.__________ you may do, you must do it well. 15. _____________we shall finish the work before May Day is possible. 42. The fact __________ he was successful proves his ability. 16. Can you tell me ________________that woman is? 43. A man's worth lies not so much in __________ he has as in __________ he is. 17. The fact _____________ she works hard is well known to us all. 44. ____________ may say so, it is a lie. 18. The mountain is no longer ____________ it used to be. 45. The question he asked was _________ the electrical equipment should be stored. 19. Jack said ____________ he is pleased to meet the American friends. 46. ___________ the earth goes round the sun is known to all. 20. Lei Feng was always
名词性从句 名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句厅分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。 （一）引导名词性从句的连接词 1、连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。 2、连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。 3、连接词：that, whether, if, as if。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。 不可省略的连词： a. 介词后的连词 b. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。 That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won. 比较：whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。但在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代： a. whether引导主语从句并在句首 b. 引导表语从句 c. whether从句作介词宾语 d. 从句后有"or not" Whether he will come is not clear. 大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用it充当形式主语。 It is not important who will go. It is still unknown which team will win the match. （二）主语从句 1、主语从句在复合句作主语。 e.g. Who will go is not important. 2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。 e.g. It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not. 用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系： a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句 It is necessary that…有必要…… It is important that…重要的是…… It is obvious that…很明显…… b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句 It is believed that…人们相信…… It is known to all that…从所周知…… It has been decided that…已决定…… c. It + be +名词+ that-从句 It is common knowledge that………是常识 It is a surprise that…令人惊奇的是…… It is a fact that…事实是……
名词性从句语法填空 1. _________ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 2. I remember ____________ this used to be a quiet village. 3. It’s generally considered unwise to give a child ____________ he or she wants. 4. ___________ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. 5. Go and get your coat. It’s __________ you left it. 6. __________ we can’t get seems better than ___________ we have. 7. It worried her a bit __________ her hair was turning gray. 8. ----Do you remember ____________ he came ----Yes, I do. He came by air. 、 9. You may do ______________ you take interest in. 10. The old gentleman never fails to help ____________ is in need of his help. 11. You can depend on ______________ promise he makes. 12. _____________ we should work out a plan to deal with it is important. 13. ____________ discovered America is well known. 14. _____________you really need is a good meal and a good rest. 15. _____________we shall finish the work before May Day is possible. 16. Can you tell me ________________that woman is 17. The fact _____________ she works hard is well known to us all. 18. The mountain is no longer ____________ it used to be. ^ 19. Jack said ____________ he is pleased to meet the American friends. 20. Lei Feng was always thinking of ___________ he could help others. 21. I have not found my bike yet, in fact, I’m not sure __________ I could have done with it. 22. Can you tell me _____________ exercise is the easiest 23. ---Doesn’t Helen live on this street ---No, this is _____________ Leon lives. 24. The question is _____________ you should do next. 25. I know nothing about her but _____________ she is from Canada. 26. It depends on _____________ we have enough time. 27. __________ he doesn’t like them is very clear. ] 28. ___________ is a fact that English is accepted as an international language. 29. Can you tell me ____________I can get to the railway station 30. They want to know ____________ they can do to help us. 31. These photographs will show you ______________our village looks like. 32. Can you make sure ____________Alice has put the gold ring 33. George knew__________ he could get his best, but he did not have enough time to study. 34. _____________ he is a rich man is known to all in the city. 35. The reason why he has been such a success is ____________ he never gives up. 36. Sophia said _____________ Alice would like to marry a tall man. 37. Difficulty lies in the fact ____________ we have no money. * 38. I don’t think the question of ____________ they are old or young is important. 39. __________ the 2016 Olympic Games will be held in the city is not known yet. 40. __________ leaves the room last ought to turn off the light. you may do, you must do it well. 42. The fact __________ he was successful proves his ability. 43. A man’s worth lies not so much in __________ he has as in __________ he is. 44. ____________ may say so, it is a lie. 45. The question he asked was _________ the electrical equipment should be stored. 46. ___________ the earth goes round the sun is known to all. 47. __________ she will come or not doesn’t matter too much.
that引导名词性从句 that引导名词性从句时, 在从句中不作成分, 也没有任何意义。 1. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _____ one can be entirely free from dust. 答案: that。解析: 这是一个复合句。连接词引导表语从句, 在从句中不作成分, 也没有意义, 故用that。句意: 雨季最惬意的事情就是人们可以远离尘土。 2．It is believed ______ children should learn to be responsible from the very beginning． 答案: that。解析: 这是一个复合句。连接词引导宾语从句, 在从句中不作成分, 也没有意义, 故用that。句意: 人们认为, 小孩子从小就要学会承担责任。 3. I truly believe ______ beauty comes from within. 4. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _____ you are better than anyone else on the sports field. 答案: that。解析: 这是一个复合句。连接词引导同位语从句, 在从句中不作成分, 也没有意义, 故用that。 if/whether引导名词性从句 if/whether引导名词性从句时, 在从句中不作成分, 但表示"是否"之意。 1. It remains to be seen ______ the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice. 答案: whether。解析: 这是一个复合句。连接词引导主语从句, 在从句中不作成分, 但表示"是否", 故用whether。句意: 新成立的委员会的政策能否付诸实施还有待观察。 2. We've offered her the job, but I don't know______ she'll accept it.
高考英语名词性从句及语法填空 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句.名词性从句在复合句中起名词的作用，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句四大类，在句中分别用作主语、宾语、表语和同位语. 引导名词性从句的关联词 A．that 连词that本身没有意义，在从句中不担任任何句子成分，在宾语从句中有时可省略. I hear (that) he has joined the football club. 我听说他已经加入了足球俱乐部. That light travels in straight line is known to all. 众所周知，光是以直线传播的. B．whether和if 连词whether和if本身有意义（解释是否），在从句中不可省略. 1．whether可以连接所有的名词性从句，而if只能引导宾语从句. I didn't know whether he would attend the concert. 我并不知道他是否参加音乐会.（宾语从句，可用if代替whether） The question is whether it s worth trying. 问题是值不值得试一试.（表语从句，不可用if代替whether） 她来不来都没有关系.（主语从句，不可用if代替whether） He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意此事这样一个问题.（同位语从句，不可用if代替whether） 2．whether引导的宾语从句可作介的宾语，而if则不能.
重点高中英语语法之名词性从句
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3 高中英语语法之名词性从句 第一节 基本知识与基本概念 【什么是名词性从句？】 上一章，我们了解的是定语从句，加上我们以前了解的宾语从句和状语从句，好像“名词性从句”这个概念本身就和我们所熟知的概念不是一路货色。没错。请看下表： 根据从句在句子中的功能分 根据从句的性质分 定语从句 形容词性从句 主语从句 名词性从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 状语从句 副词性从句 只是，在平时老师讲课时，形容词性从句和副词性从句并没有形成气候罢了。相比之下，名词性从句由于“家丁兴旺”而大行其道。但是，作为学生，我们有必要了解这些基本概念的来龙去脉。 【主语从句】 顾名思义，主语从句在句子中作主语。有时本身出现在主语的位置上，也有时出于句子结构的考虑退到句子的尾部，前面用形式主语it 代替。从句作主语时，谓语动词一般为单数形式。如: What I saw was beyond any verbal description. That his hair was turning grey worried him a bit. Why the company denied the contract is still unknown. When and where the government will build a city square is under discussion. It is pretty annoying that a small part of the machine is missing. It remains to be seen whether the new novel will be well received. 【宾语从句】 在句子中作宾语的从句就是宾语从句。由于这是同学们接触比较早的一种从句，应该问题不大。所以在近年的高考题中，以宾语从句的知识作为考点的题目较少。但是，宾语从句也有自己的特殊情况，如介词的宾语，形容词的宾语，宾语从句提前和并列的宾语从句等现象。如： We assumed that there would be more than 100 guests. He told the police in detail what he saw and heard. Nobody is sure what humans will look like in a million years. That will depend on whether they can get the chance. Whether I will have the time I am not sure at the moment. The conductor complained that we were not gifted in singing and that he would never come again. 【表语从句】
名词性从句英语语法知识点汇总 名词性从句是在句子中起名词作用的句子。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等。下面就是小编给大家带来的名词性从句英语语法知识点汇总，希望大家喜欢！ 1 引导名词性从句的连接词 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：that,whether,if 不充当从句的任何成分) 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 连接副词：when, where, how, why 不可省略的连词： 1. 介词后的连词 2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。 That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won. 比较：whether与if 均为是否的意思。但在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代： 1. whether引导主语从句并在句首 2. 引导表语从句 3. whether从句作介词宾语
4. 从句后有or not Whether he will come is not clear. 大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用it充当形式主语。It is not important who will go. It is still unknown which team will win the match. 2 名词性that-从句 1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。That只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，例如： 主语：That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。 表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。 同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 近来谁也没有见过他，这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。 形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job. 你对工作满意我感到很高兴。 2)That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：