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名词性从句用法详解

名词性从句用法详解
名词性从句用法详解

名词性从句用法详解 The latest revision on November 22, 2020

高一语法专题:名词性从句

在句子中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在

复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词性

从句又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。

引导名词性从句的词叫做连接词,包括:1. 连词(在名词性从句中只起连接作用,不

作成分)

2. 连接代词(在名词性从句中作主语、宾语

或表语)

3. 连接副词(在名词性从句中作状语)

I 主语从句:是在主句中作主语的从句。它由连接词引导,通常位于谓语动词之前。

连接词:

1. 连词:在从句中不充当任何成分,常见的引导主语从句的连词有that, whether。

That he got the first prize excited him much.

他获得一等奖一事使他非常兴奋。

It is doubtful whether we can get there on time.

我们能否按时到达那儿还不确定。

1)that引导的主语从句:在从句中不作任何成分,也没有实际意义。一般情况

下that不可省略。

That light travels in straight lines is known to all.

众所周知,光沿直线传播。

That you don't like him is none of my business.

你不喜欢他不关我的事。

2)whether引导的主语从句:常置于句首,表示“是否”之意;

Whether he can finish his task on time is of great

importance.

他是否能按时完成任务非常重要。

Whether you can succeed or not depends on how

hard you work at it.

你能否成功取决于你努力的程度。

2.连接代词:在从句中起名词或代词的作用,常作从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语,有具

体意义且不能省略。常见的连接代词有who, whom, whose, what, which,

whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever。

What we should do with the problem is undecided.

我们如何处理这个问题还未作出决定。(what引导主语从句,不表疑问意义)

Whom the letter was from is still unknown.

这封信是谁邮寄的还不清楚。

3.连接副词:在从句中起副词的作用,常作从句的状语,表示时间、地点、原因、方式等。

常见的连接副词有when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however等。

Why he did that wasn't quite clear.

他为什么做那件事还不十分清楚。

Where we can look up his address is still a problem.

我们在哪儿可以查他的地址还是个难题。

注意:it代替主语从句作形式主语

that从句作主语通常用it作形式主语,而将that从句置于句末。

常见的it替代主语从句的句式主要有以下几种:

1)It + 系动词 + 形容词 + that从句

It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.

很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。

It is likely that there will be a snowstorm tomorrow.

明天很可能会有一场暴风雪。

2)It + 系动词 + 名词 + that从句

常见的用于此结构的名词有:a pity(遗憾),a shame(遗憾,耻辱), a fact

(事实),an honor(荣耀),a wonder(奇迹),no wonder(难怪),good news

(好消息)等。

It's no wonder that you've achieved so much success.

难怪你已取得了如此大的成功。

It's a pity that you didn't attend their wedding.

你没有参加他们的婚礼真是遗憾。

3)It + 系动词 + 动词的过去分词 + that从句

It is said that no passengers were injured in the accident.

据说在那次意外事故中没有乘客受伤。

It is announced that the plan has been successfully carried out.

据宣布计划已被顺利实施。

4)It + 特殊动词+ that从句

常用于这种结构的动词有:seem(看上去),appear(显得),happen(碰巧),

matter(关系重大),turn out(结果),occur to sb. (某人突然想起)等。

It seems to me that he objects to the plan.

在我看来,他好像反对这个计划。

It happened that I met an old friend on the street yesterday.

昨天我碰巧在街上遇见了一位老朋友。

II 宾语从句:在主句中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句可分为动词的宾语从句、

介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。

1. 连词that, if/ whether引导的宾语从句

引导宾语从句时,that, whether/if 都只起连接作用,在从句中不作任何成分。

that无实义,在句子中可以省略;

wether/if 意为“是否”,不可省略。

He said (that) he couldn't finish his work before dusk.

他说黄昏之前他完不成任务。

Nobody knows whether/ if he likes school or not.

没有人知道他是否喜欢上学。

注意:whether/ if都意为“是否”。一般情况下,它们可以互换,口语中常用if,

但在以下情况中,只能用whether:

1)与or not 紧接连用时。如:

Let me know whether or not you can come.

请让我知道你是否能来。

2)作介词的宾语从句时。如:

We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting.

我们对你是否会参加会议感兴趣。

3)引导主语从句、表语从句与同位语从句时

4)在动词不定式前时。如:

I don’t know whether to go.

2. 连接代词引导的宾语从句

who, whom, what, which, whomever, whoever, whatever, whichever 等引导宾语从句,

并且在宾语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分, 每个连接代词都有自己特定

的意义,一般不省略。

Do you know who is in charge of the company

你知道谁负责这家公司吗(作主语)

Can you tell me which boy is your son

你能告诉我哪个是你儿子吗(作定语)

What do you think his job is

你认为他是干什么工作的(作表语)

3.连接副词引导的宾语从句

when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等引导宾语从句,并且在宾语从

句中充当状语,表示时间、地点、原因、方式等。

(有时how much, how many等也可引导宾语从句。每个连接副词都有自己特定的意义,

一般不省略。)

The police asked me how the accident happened.

警察问我事故是怎么发生的。(方式状语)

I don't know when we will meet again.

我不知道我们何时才能再见面。(时间状语)

Do you know where Mr. Brown lives

你知道布朗先生住在哪儿吗(地点状语)

使用宾语从句的注意事项

1.宾语从句的语序:在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。

He asked me when we could set out the next day.

他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。

Did you find out where she lost her car

你查出她在哪里丢的车了吗

2.宾语从句的时态:1)如果主句的谓语是一般现在时,其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当

的时态。

She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday.

她说她周一至周五上班。(从句时一般现在时)

She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk.

她说要在桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)

She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei.

她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时)

2)如果主句的谓语是一般过去时,其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的

过去时态(客观真理、事实除外)

He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.

他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)

He said that he was going to take care of the baby.

他说他会去照看这个婴儿。

He said that they were having a meeting at that time.

他说他们那时正在开会。(从句是过去进行时)

3)当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时,其时态仍用一般现在

时。

The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our heart into it.

老师告诉我们,世上无难事,只怕有心人。

He said that light travels much faster than sound.

他说光比声传播得快。

解题技巧:1. 动词find, feel, think, consider, make, believe, guess, suppose, assume等后有宾

语补足语时,则要用it作形式宾语,而将that宾语从句后置。

I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.

我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。

I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.

我每天写日记成了惯例。

2. hate, like, take, owe, have, take for granted等表示“喜欢;痛恨;认为”的动

词或动词短语和see to 表示“注意,留意”后有宾语补足语时,要用it作

形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。

I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food.

我讨厌他们含着满嘴食物说话。

When you start the engine, you must see to it that the car is in neutral.

启动发动机时,一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置。

3. 介词后的宾语从句。

She is always thinking of how she can do more for others.

她总想着如何才能为别人做得更多。

We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.

我们正讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。

4. 宾语从句的否定转移。将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动

词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语用否定式,而从句

的谓语用肯定式。

I don't think I know you.

我想我并不认识你。

I don't believe he will come.

我相信他不回来。

注意:反意疑问句的主语一般与宾语从句的主语保持一致,附加问句用肯

定形式。(主语是第一人称且为一般现在时)

I don't suppose that's his fault, is it

我认为这不是他的过错,是不是

5. 宾语从句中的特殊疑问形式(又称双重疑问句)

在某些宾语从句中,宾语从句的连接代词或连接副词常被移到

主句之前,

构成特殊疑问形式,其构成为:

Wh-/ How do you + vt. +宾语从句的其他部分

常见的用于此结构的动词有think, believe, consider, suppose, imagine, expect,

guess, say等。

What do you think we will do next

你认为我们下一步该怎么办

Who do you guess will be our new headmaster

你猜谁会是我们的新校长

6.宾语从句中引导词that不可省略的情况

一般情况下,宾语从句中的引导词that 可省略,但下列情况

下一般不省

略that:

1)介词except, but, besides等后跟that引导的宾语从句时。 The American stood quite still, except that his lips moved slightly.

那个美国人站着一动不动,只是嘴唇还微微在动。

2)that引导的宾语从句和主句之间有插入语时。

I think, first of all, that we must believe in ourselves.

我认为,尤其重要的是,我们必须对自己有信心。

He said, in his opinion, that Lei Feng was a good example of serving the

people heart and soul.

他说,在他看来,雷锋是一个全心全意为人民服务的好榜样。

3)宾语从句为主从复合句且从句位于主句之前时。

He said that if he came back early, he could come for the meeting.

他说如果回来的早的话,他会来参加会议的。

Mary said that, as she was not well, she could not get the highest score in

the midterm exam.

玛丽说,因为身体不好,她无法在期中考试中得最高分。

4)当it作形式宾语,that引导的宾语从句后置时。

We have made it clear that we will learn to deal with various difficult

problems.

我们已经表明,我们将学会处理各种难题。

We took it for granted that they would accept the proposal.

我们想当然地以为他们会接受这个建议的。

5)有多个that引导的从句时,第一个that可以省略,而其他的that常不可

省略。

I think (that) it will clear up this afternoon and that they will come to say

goodbye to us.

我认为今天下午天会放晴,他们会来向我们告别的。

6)当when, who, what, where, why, how等引导的从句与that 引导的从句作

主句谓语动词的并列宾语时。

I know what the time is and that the wind remains low.

我知道现在是什么时候,且风依然不大。

I'm sure where he lives and that he is living a happy life.

我非常清楚他住在什么地方,而且他生活得很幸福。

宾语从句用法小结:

一是关键引导词,不同句子词相异:陈述句子用that;

一般疑问是否(if, whether)替;

特殊问句更好办,引导还用疑问词。

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