李老师英语辅导资料
高中英语语法网络图解
一．名词
I. 名词的种类：
专有名词普通名词
国名地名人名，团体机构名称
可数名词不可数名词
个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词
II. 名词的数：
1. 规则名词的复数形式：
名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：
规则例词
1 一般情况在词尾加-s map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days
2 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes
3 以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-es leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives 加-s belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs
4 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-es party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities
5 以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加
-s
toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys
6 以辅音字母加-o结
尾的名词
一般加-es（有生命的名词）hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes
不少外来词加-s piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos
两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos
7 以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos
8 以-th结尾的名词加-s truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,
2. 不规则名词复数：
英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：
规则例词
1 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice
2 单复数相同sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin,
3 只有复数形式ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents
4 一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police, cattle, staff
5 部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成
员）
audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population,
crew, team, public, enemy, party
6 复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟)
7 表示―某
国人‖
加-s Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans
单复数同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese
以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women Englishmen, Frenchwomen
8 合成名
词
将主体名词变为复数sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by , story-tellers, boy friends
无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches
将两部分变为复数women singers, men servants
III. 名词的所有格：
名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加’s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。
1. ’s所有格的构成：
单数名词在末尾加’s the boy’s father, Jack’s book, her son-in-law’s photo,
复数名词一般在末尾加’the teachers’ room, the twins’ mother, 不规则复数名词后加’s the children’s toys, women’s rights,
以s结尾的人名所有格加’s或者’Dickens’ novels, Charles’s job, the Smiths’ h ouse
表示各自的所有关系时,各名词末尾均须加’s Japan’s and America’s problems, Jane’s and Mary’s bikes 表示共有的所有关系时在最后一词末加’s Japan and America’s problems, Jane and Mary’s father
表示＂某人家＂＂店铺＂，所有格后名词省略the doctor’s, the barber’s, the tailor’s, my uncle’s
2. ’s所有格的用法：
１表示时间to day’s newspaper, five weeks’ holiday
2 表示自然现象the earth’s atmosphere, the tree’s branches
李老师英语辅导资料
3 表示国家城市等地方的名词the country’s plan, the world’s population, China’s industry
4 表示工作群体the ship’s crew, majority’s view, the team’s victory
5 表示度量衡及价值 a mile’s journey, five dollars’ worth of apples
6 与人类活动有特殊关系的名词the life’s time, the play’s plot
7 某些固定词组 a bird’s eye view, a stone’s throw, at one’s wit’s end(不知所措)
3. of所有格的用法：
用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book
用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students
用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed
专题练习
1. The ____ of the room were covered with ____.
A. roofs, leafs
B. roofs, leaves
C. rooves, leafs
D. rooves, leaves
2. There are three ____ in our factory.
A. woman doctors
B. women doctors
C. woman doctor
D. women doctor
3. Which do you prefer ____ or ____?
A. potatos, tomatos
B. potatos, tomatoes
C. potatoes, tomatos
D. potatoes, tomatoes
4. They are ____ of different presses(出版社). Now they are having a meeting in one of the ____ office.
A. editor-in-chiefs, editors-in-chief’s
B. editors-in-chief, editor-in-chief’s
C. editors-in-chiefs, editor’s-in-chief’s
D. editors-in-chief, editors-in-chief’s
5. The ant has two ____. A. stomaches B. stomacks C. stomach D. stomachs
6. He doesn’t like ____ for supper. A. chick B. chicken C. chickens D. chicks
7. It was ____ hot weather that many of us went swimming.
A. so
B. such
C. so as
D. such a
8. ____ wonderful space they saw on the room!
A. How
B. How a
C. What
D. What a
9. W e know ____ travels not so fast as light.
A. sound
B. sounds
C. the sounds
D. a sound
10. My family raise a lot of ____, including two ____.
A. cattle, cows
B. cows, cattle
C. cattles, cows
D. cow, cattles
11. A number of soldiers ____ at he camp gate（军营门口）.
A. have gathered
B. has gathered
C. is
D. was
12. The Browns have spent a large ____ of money on their new car.
A. deal
B. amount
C. number
D. size
13. ____ work has been done to improve the people’s living standard.
A. Many
B. A great many
C. A great deal of
D. A number of
14. Mr Li shook ____ warmly with a friend.
A. hand
B. a hand
C. hands
D. the hands
15. T wo ____, please. A. coffee B. coffees C. cup of coffee D. cups coffee
16. I can’t pay as ____ as he asked for.
A. high price a
B. high price
C. a high price
D. high a price
17. ____ knowledge of space develops rapidly. A. Man’s B. Men’s C. Mens’D. Person’s
18.I stayed at ____. A. Xiao W ang’s B. W ang’s home C. the W angs D. home of W ang
19. Sister Carrie works in a ____ factory. A. shoes B. shoses C. shoe D. shoe’s
20. Have you ever read ____?
A. today newspaper
B. newspaper today
C. newspaper of today
D. today’s newspaper
21. T wo ____ walk didn’t made me tired. A. hour B. hours C. hour’s D. hours’
22. The mother over there is ____ mother.
A. Julia and Mary
B. Julia and Mary’s
C. Julia’s and Mary’s
D. Julia’s and Mary
23. Li Ming’s handwriting is better than ____ in the class.
A. anyone’s
B. anyone else
C. anyone’s else’s
D. anyone else’s
24. The children are playing ____ on the ____.
A. sand, sand
B. sands, sands
C. sand, sands
D. sands, sand
25. If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller ____. A. set B. one C. copy D. pair
26. T om usually takes a ____ in bus on rainy days. A. walk B. ride C. trip D. travel
27. W e have no ____ about where she has gone.
A. information
B. news
C. message
D. flash
28. Food and ____ are daily necessities（需要）for the people.
A. cloth
B. clothe
C. clothes
D. clothing
29. My ____ of hearing is not so good as it used to be. A. strength B. sense C. power D. skill
30. The ____ caused by carelessness ____ yesterday. Many workers were killed.
A. incident, was happened
B. matter, happened
C. event, was taken place
D. accident, took place
31. The room was so quiet that she could hear the ____ of her heart.
A. beating
B. ways
C. knocking
D. striking
32. ____ has been told not to throw waste things anywhere.
A. The public
B. People
C. W omen
D. Man
李老师英语辅导资料
33. He was an ____ in the government ____.
A. office, official
B. official, office
C. officer, office
D. official, officer
34. There are several ____ in this novel who are different in ____.
A. character, character
B. characters, characters
C. character, characters
D. characters, character
35. W e visited him ____ when he was in hospital.
A. every other days
B. each other day
C. every other day
D. every two day
36. My friend will return in ____.
A. one day or two
B. a day or two
C. one day or two
D. a or two days
37. ____ is always difficult for me.
A. Translation
B. Translate
C. The translation
D. A translation
38. ____ of this novel is excellent, quite to my surprise.
A. Translation
B. Translate
C. The translation
D. A translation
39. The police ____ looking into the matter now. A. be B. is C. are D. are going to
40. The Chinese are ____ brave and hard working people. A. the B. a C. / D. one
41. No news ____ good news. A. is B. are C. have D. has
42. Maths still ____ very difficult for me, though I have done my best.
A. looks
B. seems
C. is
D. are
43. ―Where ____ my trousers?‖ the boy asked. A. is B. was C. were D. are
44. How happy they are! Obviously, they are ____.
A. in nice spirits
B. in nice spirit
C. in high spirits
D. in high spirit
45. I saw many ____ seated in the corner reading something.
A. Japanese
B. Japaneses
C. of Japanese
D. of Japaneses
46. Father went to his doctor for ____ about his heart trouble.
A. an advice
B. advice
C. advices
D. the advices
47. W e are ____ and they are ____. A. Englishmen, Germans
B. Englishmen, German
C. Englishmans, Germans
D. Englishmen, Germen
48. ____ are made of ____.
A. A glass, a glass
B. Glasses, glass
C. The glass, the glass
D. Glasses, glasses
49. I’ll have to buy ____ trousers. A. a B. two C. a pair of D. a couple of
50. There are two ____ in our class. A. Liu B. Lius C. Liu’s D. Lius’
51. ____ is needed in cold countries.
A. A lot of clothes
B. Much clothing
C. Many a cloth
D. Lots of clothes
52. They are ____. A. mathematics student B. mathematic students
C. students in mathematics
D. mathematics students
53. The laboratory assistant recorded the ____ reactions（反应）.
A. mouses’
B. mice
C. mices’
D. mice’s
54. This letter was sent by ____.
A. my father friend
B. my father friend’s
C. a friend of my father’s
D. a friend of my father
55. T en years had passed. I found she had ____.
A. a little white hair
B. some white hair
C. a few white hair
D. a few white hairs
56. I have made ____ with Billy. A. friends B. friend C. a friend D. the friend
57. The population of Beijing is ____ than that of Xi’an. A. more B. larger C. fewer D. small
58. There are thirty-two ____ in our school.
A. woman teacher
B. women teacher
C. women teachers
D. woman teachers
59. He had tried everything but it made little______ .
A. use
B. good
C. difference
D. result
60. Y ou must get there within half an hour. There should be no______ in sending the blood to the dying man.
A. wait
B. delay
C. time
D. hurry
61. Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any______ .
A. excuse
B. sense
C. use
D. value
62. -How dare you play on such thin ice? -Playing on ice is not my ______of spare time.
A. idea
B. thought
C. mind
D. intention
63. Helen said she would like to go to Atlanta by air, but I wonder if she has enough money to pay for the______ .
A. travel
B. tourism
C. journey
D. course
64. One splendid mountain______ followed another during our journey from Mieheel more to Rurunz.
A. view
B. glance
C. screen
D. scene
65.The new law will come into ___on the day it is passed. (1999上海)
A. effect
B. use
C. service
D. existence
66. When you play' football, what ______do you play?
A. situation
B. place
C. part
D. position
67. It's important for us to employ a word or a phrase according to the______in language studies.
A. situation
B. expression
C. condition
D. translation
68. I wrote him a letter to show my ______of his thoughtfulness.
A. achievement
B. agreement
C. view
D. appreciation
69. One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a high-rise is that you can get a good______ .
A. sight
B. scene
C. view
D. look
70. Nowadays natural gas, wind and other forms of ______are widely used in the country.
A. energy
B. force
C. power
D. materials
71. ______with foreign countries can bring us much information about the world.
A. Contrast
B. Competition
C. Contact
D. Combination
72. W e all know that______speak louder than words.
A. movements
B. performances
C. operations
D. actions
73.W e have worked out the plan and now we must put it into ___.(NMET1997 38)
A. fact
B. reality
C. practice
D. deed
74.W e've missed the last bus. I'm afraid we have no ____but to take a taxi.(Met 1993 ,33)
A. way
B. choice
C. possibility
D. selection
75.He dropped the ___and broke it . (Met 1993, 38)
A. cup of coffee
B. coffee's cup
C. cup for coffee
D. coffee cup
76.Here's my card. Let's keep in ____. (NMET1994 ,33)
A. touch
B. relation
C. connection
D. friendship
77.He gained his ___by printing ___of famous writers.(NMET1995,40)
A. wealth; work
B. wealths ; works
C. wealths; work
D. wealth; works
78.I'll look into the matter as soon as possible , just have a little ___.(MET 1996 ,10)
A. wait
B. time
C. patience
D. rest
79.If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to leave a ____.(NMET1997,18)
A. message
B. letter
C. sentence
D. notice
80.These football players had no strict ___until they joined our club. (1997.上海20)
A. practice
B. education
C. exercise
D. training
81.Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of ___.(1996.上海.15)
A. energy
B. source
C. power
D. material
82.Y ou'll find this map of great __in helping you to get round London.(NMET 1998 21)
A. price
B. cost
C. value
D. usefulness
83.W e all know that ___speak louder than words.(1999.上海24)
A. movements
B. performances
C. operations
D. actions
84.My parents always let me have my own ____of living. (1999.上海25)
A. way
B. method
C. manner
D. fashion
Key：
1~5 BBDDD 6~10 BBCAA11~15 ABCCB 16~20 DAACD 21~25 DBDCD
26~30 BADBD 31~35 AABDC 36~40 BACCB 41~45 ABDCA46~50 BABCB
51~55 BDDCD 56~60 ABCCB 61~65 BACAA66~70 DADCA71~75 CDCBD
76~80 ADCAD 81~84 ACDA
二．冠词
冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。
I. 不定冠词的用法：
1 指一类人或事，相当于a kind of A plane is a machine that can fly.
2 第一次提及某人某物，非特指A boy is waiting for you.
3 表示―每一‖相当于every，one W e study eight hours a day.
4 表示―相同‖相当于the same W e are nearly of an age.
5 用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质
的人或事
A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were out
That boy is rather a Lei Feng.
6 用于固定词组中A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry , have a walk, many a time
7 用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后This room is rather a big one.
8 用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.
9 用在某些不可数名词前，表示某种具体的情况或概
念。相当于汉语的“一场、一次；一个/种”等意，
表示“每一”，相当于any/every
It is a great pleasure to meet you here.
Our boss has a wide knowledge of history.
a heavy rain , a new culture , a success , be of an age, an ice cream
10 用于序数词前，表示“又一，再一”He failed four times ,but he wanted to try a fifth one.
11 习惯用法all of a sudden ; take an interest in ; in a word; in a hurry; in a way; in a minute /moment; have a cold ,have a good time ; take a rest; at a loss ; go for a walk ; play a role in , with a smile ; as a matter of fact ; in a sense ; have a try ; have a say in ; make a name for oneself
II. 定冠词的用法：
1 表示某一类人或物The horse is a useful animal.
2 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean
但当这类名词前有形容词修饰时，亦可用不定冠词：a starry sky; a full moon; a red sun; a rough sea
3 表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事W ould you mind opening the door?
4 用于乐器前面,报刊以及某些公共团体或建筑物等名称前（旅
馆，剧院，车站，学校，宫殿，博物馆等）
play the violin, play the guitar
但下列不用冠词：News week, Time ;Life, Congress国会；
Parliament议会
5 用于形容词和分词前表示一类人the reach, the living, the wounded
6 表示―一家人‖或―夫妇‖(姓氏的复数前) the Greens, the W angs
7 用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前He is the taller of the two children.
8 用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French
9 用于表示发明物的单数名词前The compass was invented in China.
10 在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代in the 1990’s
11 用于表示单位的名词前I hired the car by the hour.
12 用于方位名词，身体部位名词，及表示时间的词组前He patted me on the shoulder.
13 用于历史时期或朝代，学校，船只，三军等名词前the Stone Age; the T ang Dynasty; the central Academy of Fine Arts(中央美术学院)。但Beijing University
14 习惯用法in the dark. ; take the place of ; the other day; make the bed; in the open ; break the ice; on the whole; keep the peace ; on the contrary; in the end ,at the latest ; strike the eye; burn the midnight oil; on the air; on the part of ; on the spot; put the blame on ; on the increase ; for the time being ; with the exception of
III. 零冠词的用法：
1 专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air
2 名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?
3 季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring
4 表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前以及在表语、补语或同位语中
的职位名称前
Lincoln was made President of America.
They elected Gandhi chairman of the meeting.
5 学科，语言，球类，棋类名词前He likes playing football/chess.
6 与by连用表示交通工具的名词前by train, by air, by land
7 以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night
8 表示泛指的复数名词前Horses are useful animals.
9 名词前有this.that,these,those 以及形容词性物主代词、不定代词
（some ,any, no, every,neither）等限定词时
That old lady likes those cats.
10 习惯用法at dawn/daybreak/sunset; in danger ; on horseback, on foot; under way, by chance ; out of stock ; out of place
专题练习（一）
1. In America, ____ car is ____ popular means of transportation（交通设施）.
A. the, the
B. a, the
C. the, /
D. the, a
2. ---- What happened? ---- They left in such ____ hurry that they forgot to lock ____ door.
A. a, a
B. a, the
C. /, the
D. /, a
3. There were two small rooms in the house, ____ smaller of which served as ____ kitchen.
A. a, the
B. the, a
C. the, the
D. a, a
4. I ordered ____ book some time ago. ____ book has arrived.
A. a, The
B. the, A
C. a, A
D. /, The
5. Mr Smith is ____ European and his wife is ____ American.
A. an, an
B. a, a
C. a, an
D. an, a
6. Lesson 10 is ____ most difficult lesson, but it isn’t ____ most difficult lesson in Book One.
A. a, a
B. a, the
C. the, the
D. the, a
7. My sister works in a factory. She goes home once ____ month. A. a B. an C. the D. every
8. He was absent because he had caught ____.
A. heavy a cold
B. the heavy cold
C. a heavy cold
D. heavy cold
9. ____ water is ____ liquid. A. The, a B. A, a C. /, / D. /, a
10. In winter ____ people often hang up wet clothes near ____ fire.
A. /, /
B. a, a
C. /, a
D. the, a
11. He has tried twice, and the captain asks him to have ____ third try.
A. a
B. the
C. another
D. other
12. He was a top student in the class, he often got ____ in English.
A. first
B. a first
C. second
D. the second
13. ____ horse is ____ useful animal. A. The, the B. The, a C. The, an D. /, a
14. T om left Shanghai in ____.
A. the summer 1995
B. summer 1995
C. 1995 the summer
D. the summer of 1995
15. ____ children here live ____ most happy life. A. The, the B. The, a C. The, / D. /, the
16. The soldier died during ____ W orld W ar I. A. the B. the first C. / D. a
17. In ____ Marx began to learn Russian.
A. a 1870
B. 1870s
C. the year of 1870
D. the 1870s
18. Alice is ____ of the two girls. A. taller B. the tall C. more tall D. the taller
19. ---- Can your sister play ____? ---- No, but she can play ____.
A. the tennis, the piano
B. tennis, piano
C. the tennis, piano
D. tennis, the piano
20. The introduction is always in ____ of a book.
A. front
B. the front
C. a front
D. instead
21. She touched her daughter gently ____ shoulder.
A. in her
B. on her
C. in the
D. on the
22. Both ____ wounded and ____ sick were sent to safety.
A. /, /
B. the, the
C. /, the
D. the, /
23. ____ doctors and ____ nurses should care for their patients.
A. The, the
B. /, /
C. The, /
D. /, the
24. T ell us the story as ____ Mother told you. A. a B. the C. an D. /
25. Do you know how long ____ has lived on the earth?
A. man
B. the man
C. a man
D. men
26. The man was once thrown into ____ prison for robbing the bank. A. a B. an C. the D./
27. ____ Mount T ai is in the east of China. A. A B. The C. / D. That
28. I like ____ history. I am studying ____ history of China.
A. the, /
B. /, the
C. a, /
D. /, a
29. He wrote a letter ____ pencil. A. with B. in C. in a D. use a
30. On October 1, the Chinese people celebrated ____ with new achievements and victories.
A. National Day
B. the National Day
C. our National Day
D. a National Day
专题练习（二）
1. ---Y ou mean you know the man? ---I know________ man exactly like him.
A. other
B. the
C. /
D. a
2. W ouldn't it be_________ wonderful world if all nations live in ________peace with one another?
A. a, /
B. the, /
C. a, the
D. the, the
3. ---I hear that as many as 1,500 people were killed in the earthquake.
---Y es, ________ news came as ________ shock to us.
A. a, a
B. the, a
C. /, /
D. /, a
4. At midnight they reached ________ small village ________ east of ______ Everwhite Mountain.
A. a,/, the
B. a,/, /
C. the, the, the
D. the, an, an
5. Nanjing lies on ________ Changjiang River and has ________ population of more than four million.
A. the, the
B. the, /
C. the, a
D. /, a
6. Bill Clinton took ________ office on January 20th, 1993 and left ________ office on January 20th, 2001.
A. /, /
B. his, his
C. the, the
D. an, his
7. W e learn to go all out to work for ____ good of ____ society.
A. the, /
B. /, /
C. /, a
D. the, the
8. Paris is ____ most beautiful city, where you can see ____ famous Eiffel T ower.
A. a, the
B. a, /
C. the, a
D. the, the
9. ---What about ____ bike? ---Do you think it all right to buy him ____ bike as ____ birthday present?
A. the, the, the
B. a, the, a
C. the, a, the
D. the, the, a
10. He had decided to give it up, but on ____ second thoughts he decided to try ____ third time.
A. the, a
B. /, /
C. a, a
D. /, a
11. T owards ____ morning, ____ heavy rain began to fall.
A. the, a
B. a, a
C. the, /
D. the, /
12. ---Excuse me, where are ____ books for biology?
---Follow me. They' re on this shelf. Do you want ____ new or used book?
A. a, a
B. a, the
C. the, a
D. the, the
13. Y oung as he is, David has gained ____ rich experience in ____ society.
A. /, /
B. the, the
C. a, /
D./, the
14. ---My son is lost. Did you see a boy passing by?
---I saw ____ boy hidden behind ____ tree over there. Y ou may go and have a look.
A. a, a
B. the, the
C. a, the
D. the, a
15. Mary climbed to the top of the mountain in ____ hurry, looked down and found in ____ surprise that ____ whole town took on a new look.
A. a, the, the
B. a,/,the
C. /,/,the
D. /,/,a
16. In ____ old society many young women died by so curious and cruel ____ custom.
A. an, a
B. /, the
C. the, a
D. the, /
17. ---Y ou' re sure to help me find ____ bed for my new house?
---Sure, but not now. I'm heading for ____ bed and a good sleep.
A. a, a
B. the, a
C. a, /
D. the, /
18. The wheel is thought to be _____ first invention of _____ transportation.
A. the, the
B. a, a
C. a, /
D. the, /
19. Some people say that ____ British are _____ funny people.
A. the, a
B. /, the
C. /, /
D. the, /
20. Don' t worry about _____ mistakes. They' re _____ natural part of learning.
A. /, a
B. the, /
C. /, the
D. the, the
21. ---Selma looks especially pretty tonight. ---Y es, she always looks her best in _____ of that kind.
A. the dress
B. a dress
C. dress
D. the dresses
22. --- _____did you think of the exhibition? ---Oh, it was ____ success.
A. How, really a
B. What, great
C. How, /
D. What, quite a
23. The child had only _____ slight temperature, but the doctor regarded _____ illness as serious enough for ____ hospital treatment.
A. /,/,the
B. a,/,/
C. a, the,/
D. /,the, the
24. ---Did you have ____ wonderful time yesterday? ---Y es. I was on _____ top of _____ world.
A. /, the, a
B. a, /, the
C. a, a, the
D. a, the, the
25. I don' t usually have _____ breakfast, but I always eat _____ good lunch.
A. /, /
B. /, a
C. the, /
D. /, the
26. ---I hear there'll be ____ talk on English study tomorrow morning.
---Do you mean ____ speech our teacher asked us to listen to?
A. a, the
B. the, a
C. the, the
D. a, a
27. Mr. Stock runs _____ small business, who is in ____ Mexico on business.
A. a, a
B. /, /
C. a, the
D. a, /
28. Although _____ motor car has been with us for almost a century, I have never been able to drive_____ American one.
A. a, the
B. a, /
C. the, an
D. the, the
29. Xi'an was _____ starting point of _____ world-famous Silk Road.
A. /, /
B. a, a
C. the, /
D. the, the
30. ---What does "on _____one hand…on _____other" means?
---What_____great fun! Y ou're asking me such a simple question.
A. the, the, /
B. the, the, a
C. /, the, a
D. /, the, /
31. Alexander Gramha Bell invented ____telephone in 1876. (MET1991)
A./;
B. a
C. the
D. one
32.After watching ____TV, she played ____violin for an hour.
A./;/
B. the ; the
C. the; /
D./;the （MET1991 11）
33. ---Where's jack ? ---I think he's still _____in bed, but he might just be in ____bathroom.
A./; /
B. the; the
C. the; /
D./; the （MET1992 36）
34.Many people are still in ___habit of writing silly things in ___public places.
A. the ; the
B./; /
C. the; /
D./; the （MET 1993 19）
35.She is ___newcomer to ___chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.
A. the; the
B. the ; /
C. a; /
D. a ; the （NMET1994 20）
36.W ouldn't it be ___wonderful world if all nations lived in ___peace with one another?
A. a; /
B. the; /
C. a; the
D. the; the （NMET1994 23）
37.Many people agree that ___knowledge of English is a must in __international trade today.
A. a; /
B. the; an
C. the; the
D./;the （NMET 1996 13）
38. Paper money was in ___use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ___thirteenth century.
A. the ; /
B. the; the
C./; the
D./; /（NMET 1999 8）
39.It is not true in ___that people in ___fifties are going to university for further education .
A.90s; their
B. the 90s; /
C.90s; /
D. the 90s; their（1999.上海6）
40.Most animals have little connection with ____animals of ___different kind unless they kill them for food.
A. the; a
B./; a
C. the ; the
D./; the (NMET2000 10)
41.---Have you seen ___pen ? I left it here this morning.
---Is it ___black one ?I think I saw it somewhere.(NMET1997 7)
A. a; the
B. the; the
C. the ; a
D. a; a
42.Summers in ___ south of France are for ___most part dry and sunny.
A./; a
B. the; /
C./; /
D. the ; the (2000.春招8)
43.I don't like talking on ____ telephone; I prefer writing _____letters.(2002春招26)
A. a; the
B. the ;不填
C. the; the
D. was killing
44.Jumping out of ___airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ____exciting experience.(NMET 2002,26)
A./;the
B./;an
C. an; an
D. the; the
45. ---I don't like_____New Y ork at all. ---But this isn't_____ New Y ork you remember.
A. the, the
B. /, the
C. the, /
D. /, a
Key:
一、1~5 DBBAC 6~10 BACDC 11~15 ABBDB 16~20 CDDDB 21~25 DBBDA
26~30 DCBBA
二、1~5 DABAC 6~10 AAADD 11~15 ACACB 16~20 CCDAA 21~25 BDCBB
26~30 ADCDD 31~35 CDDCC 36~40 AACDB 41~45 DDBCB
三、主谓一致
主语情况谓语例句
就近一致由or,nor,either...or ;neither...nor; not only...but also;
not ...but;whether...or等连接的主语
与最近
的主语
保持一
致
Either you or she is young.
Not only we but also the teacher likes playing football.
Neither he or you have finished the task.
由there ,here引起的句子，主语又不止一个，其
谓语动词通常和邻近的那个词保持一致
与第一
个主语
一致
Where is your teacher and classmates?
There is a knife and some apples here.
Here are some envelopes and paper.
在倒装句中与最后
一个主
语一致South of the city is a large stadium. In front of the girl are some flowers.
语法一致主语的人称，数决定谓语动词的形式。即：主单
谓单，主复谓复
看主语Is your father an engineer?
Mice like to eat grain.
由and 或both...and连接的并列主语复数He and I were classmates at that time.
Both bread and butter are sold out.
单数名词，动名词，不定式或从句作主语（what
引导的主语从句其后的谓语形式要依据表语的
单复数形式定）
单数A cow eats grass and gives us milk.
T o work hard is necessary.
T eaching biology is her job.
What he need is more water.
用and连接的并列主语如果是指同一人或物（只
有一个冠词）或者主语前分别有each,every或no
修饰；（如果指代不同的人或物，要有两个冠词，
谓语用复数）
单数The worker and writer has come.
Bread and butter is daily food in the west.
Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education in our country. 不定代词either,neither,each,the other,no
one,another,anyone,something,everybody,nobody
等以及many a +名词单数，this kind of +名词单
数；more than one +名词单数作主语
单数Each of the children has an apple.
Somebody is waiting for you at home.
Everything around us is matter.
Many a boy likes playing football.
主语后接with,together with, as well as ;
but ;except; besides;like,including;more than ,rather
than ,accompanied by等短语时
与主语
一致
She as well as her friends likes this film.
My sister ,like you ,is very clever.
An old lady with two sons has come.
由a lot of /lots of plenty of /half of / the rest of
/most of +名词（或代词）或分数/百分数+名词作
主语
依of后
的数而
定
60 percent of them are against the plan.
Three-fifths of the water is polluted.
Half of the bananas are rotten.
grasses，trousers,shoes,shorts,scissors等复数名词
作主语，谓语动词用复数；若其前有
pair/kind/type/box of等量词修饰时
依量词
的数而
定
His shoes are on the shelf.
T wo pairs of shorts are on the shelf.
There is a pair of black shoes left.
定语从句中关系代词which, who,that,的数要依
先行词而定；但在―one of +复数名词+从句‖中，
从句的谓语动词用复数；若one 之前有the
only/very时，从句的谓语动词用单数
视具体
情况而
定
This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.
He's the only one of the boys who was praised.
He's one of the boys who were praised.
意义一致表示总称意义的名词，如people,police,public,
cattle等作主语
复数People are talking about the news.
The police haven't arrived.
有些集体名词
family,class,group,enemy,team,club,company等作
主语，若作―整体‖看，谓语用单数；若视为其中
的成员时用复数
视具体
情况而
定
His family has moved to Shanghai.
His family are all fond of music.
His class is large than ours.
who,what, which,all, more,
most,some,any,half,none,the rest等作主语
视具体
情况而
定
Who is a doctor?
Who are league members?
Most of them are young men.
表示时间，距离，重量，数字，金额等的复数名
词作―整体‖看时；表示―运算‖的数词
单数T en years is not a long time.
Six hundred dollars is quite enough.
以s结尾的学科名词politics,maths等及
news,works,means属―形复意单‖名词，另书报名，
国名等复数名词作主语
单数Physics seems to be difficult for me.
The United States is a developed country.
This works was built in the 1960s.
李老师英语辅导资料
A number of /a variety of +f复数名词，the +形容词指―一类人‖时作主语，谓语动词用复数；the number of+复数名词，the +形容词指抽象的事物时，谓语动词用单数视具体
情况而
定
There are a variety of toys in this shop.
The variety of goods in this shop is rich.
The poor were not able to buy the house.
The beautiful is not always the useful.
练习：主谓一致
1.I, who____ your friend, will try my best to help you with your English.
A.am
B.is
C.are
D.be
2. The rich ____ not always happy.
A.are
B.is
C.has
D.have
3. Neither Tom nor Jack and I ____ his students.
A.are
B.am
C.is
D.was
4. Mary as well as her sisters ____ Chinese in China.
A. are studying
B. have studied
C. studies
D. study
5. Neither my father nor I ____ at home.
A.am
B.is
C.are
D.be
6. Not only my brother but also I ____ good at painting. Both of us ____ good painters.,
A.are;are
B.am;am
C.ani;are
D.is;is
7. Every' boy and every girl ____ to attend the evening party.
A.wish
B.wishes
C.is like
D.like
8. Over 80 percent of the population of China ____ peasants.
A.was
B.is
C. would be
D.are
9. The population of China ____ larger than that of .any other country in the world.
A.is
B.are
C.has
D.have
10. Every means ____ tried but without any result.
A. have been
B.is to be
C.are to be
D. has been
11. Alice, together with two boys,____ for having broken the rule.
A. was punished
B. punished
C. were punished
D. being punished
12. The League secretary and the monitor____ asked to attend the .meeting this afternoon.
A.is
B.was
C.are
D.is being
13. The great writer and professor____.
A. is an old man
B. are both old men
C. is an old man and a young man
D. were two Chinese
14. There ____ a pen, two pencils and three books on the desk.
A.are
B.is
C.has
D.have
15. A large number of students in our class____ girls.
A. are
B. was
C. is
D. be
16. The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses ____ much if people leave things as they are.
A. doesn' t change
B.don't change
C.change
D.changed
17. The Arabian Nights ____ well known to the English.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
18. Chairman Mao' s works ____ published.
A. has been
B.have been
C.was
D.is
19. A chemical works____ built there.
A. is to being
B.have been
C. were to
D.has been
20. The Olympic Games ____ held every ____ years.
A.is;four
B.are;four
C.is;five
D.are;five
21 .The United States of America one of the most developed countries in the world.
A.is
B.are
C.was
D.were
22.He is the only one of die students who ____ elected.
A. are
B.have
C.has
D.is
23.Theis is one of the most interesting questions that ____ asked.
A.have
B.has
C. have been
D.has been
24.Many a man ____ come to help us.
A.have
B.has
C.is
D.are
25."All____ present and all____ going on well," our monitor said.
A.is;is
B.are;are
C.are;is
D.is;are
26. The police ____ the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.
A. is searching for
B. were searching for
C. are searching for
D. were searching
27.Your trousers____ dirty.You must have____ washed.
A.is;il
B.are;it
C.are;them
D.is;them
28.This pair of trouseis ____ too long for him.
A.is
B.be
C.are
D.were
29. One and a half bananas ____ left on the table.
A.is
B.are
C.has
D.have
30. Eight times eight ____ sixty - four.
A.is
B.are
C.get
D.equal
31 .Ten minutes____ an hour when one is waiting for a phone call.
A.seems
B.seem
C.seemed
D.seemes
32.____of the money____ nm out.
A. Three-fifth; has
B. Three-fifth; has been
C. Three-fifths; has
D. Three-fifths; have
33. The whole class ____ the teacher attentively.
A. are listening to
B. is listening to
C.are listening
D. is listening
34.1 have finished a large part of the book, the rest of which___ more difficult.
A.is
B.are
C.was
D.were
35. Between the two rows of trees ____ the teaching building.
A.stand
B.stands
C. standing
D.are
36. Large quantities of water ____ for irrigation.
A. is needed
B. has -needed
C. are needed
D. need
37. That they were wrong in these matters ____ now clear to us all.
A. is
B.was
C.are
D.all
38.What we need____ good textbooks.
A.is
B.are
C.have
D.has
39. What you said just now____ the matter we are discussing.
A.have something to at
B. has something to do with
C.had something to do with
D.has been something to do with
40. More than one member ____ against the plan.
A. is
B.are
C.has
D.have
41. When and where to build the new factory ____ yet.
A. has not decided
B. is not decided
C. are not decided
D. have not decided
42. Half of the fruit ____ bad.
A. are
B. has
C. is
D. have
43. ____ either of your parents come to see you recently?
A. Have
B. Had
C. Has
D. Is
44. Mathematics ____ the language of science.
A. are
B. are going to be
C. is
D. is to be
45. My family ____ small.
A. is
B. were
C. are
D. makes
46. The following ____ some other examples.
A. Are
B. is
C. was
D. were
47. They both have some friends; but his ____ more active.
A. is
B. will be
C. was
D. are
48. Both rice and wheat ____ grown in that country.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. has
49. Early to bed and early to rise ____ a good habit.
A. Are
B. is
C. were
D. was
50. T o play basketball and to go swimming ____ useful for character-training.
A. was
B. is
C. are
D. were
51. Either he or I ____ to attend the mass meeting this evening.
A. is
B. am
C. are
D. be
52. ____ either he or I to attend the mass meeting this evening.
A. is
B. am
C. are
D. be
53. An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories, ____ to be built here.
A. are
B. were
C. is
D. will
54. She as well as her brother ____ a League member.
A. are
B. were
C. will
D. is
55. His family ____ a big one. Now the family ____ watching TV.
A. is, are
B. are, is
C. is, is
D. are, are
56. It is I who ____ going to attend the meeting tomorrow.
A. is
B. am
C. are
D. be
57. More than 60% of the students ____ the countryside.
A. is
B. are
C. is from
D. are from
58. Many a man ____ the novel.
A. has read
B. have read
C. is read
D. are read
59. T om is the only one of the students who ____ going to swim this afternoon.
A. is
B. was
C. are
D. were
60. Here ____ a pen, a few pencils and some paper for you.
A. are
B. is
C. was
D. were
四．代词：
I. 代词可以分为以下七大类：
1 人称
代词
主格I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they
宾格me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them
2 物主代
词
形容词性my, your, his, her, its, our, their
名词性mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs
3 反身代词myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
4 指示代词this, that, these, those, such, some
5 疑问代词who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever
6 关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as
7 不定代词one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little, other/ another, all/ both, neither/ either
II. 不定代词用法注意点：
1. one, some与any:
1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，复数为ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。
One should learn to think of others.
Have you any bookmarks? No, I don’t have any bookmarks.
I have some questions to ask.
2) some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。
W ould you like some bananas? Could you give me some money?
3) some 和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。
I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any.
4) some和数词连用表示―大约‖，any可与比较级连用表示程度。
There are some 3,000 students in this school. Do you feel any better today?
2. each和every:
each强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上，而every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。
Each student has a pocket dictionary. / Each (of us) has a dictionary. / W e each have a dictionary.
Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points.
3. none和no：
no等于not any，作定语。none作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用单数，代替可数名词，谓语单复数皆可以。
There is no water in the bottle.
How much water is there in the bottle? None.
None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.
4. other和another:
1) other泛指―另外的，别的‖常与其他词连用，如：the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way,
the other特指两者中的另外一个，复数为the others。如：
He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.
T wo students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.
2) another指―又一个，另一个‖无所指，复数形式是others，泛指―别的人或事‖如：
I don’t like this shirt, please show me anothe r (one).
The trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some others.
Some like football, while others like basketball.
5. all和both, neither和either
all表示不可数名词时，其谓语动词用单数。both和all加否定词表示部分否定，全部否定用neither和none.
All of the books are not written in English. / Not all of the books are written in English.
Both of us are not teachers. / Not both of us are teachers. / Either of us is a teacher.
人称、物主、反身、指示代词
高考重点要求
1．掌握人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词、指示代词的基本用法。2．重点掌握不定代词的指代含义及数的情况，能通过语境准确选取答案。3．掌握it的基本用法。
一．人称代词
1）分清主格和宾格形式。
eg：---I love you more than her，child ．/ ---Y ou mean more than ___love her or more than she loves____? A．you；me B．I；you C．you；you D．I；me
2)注意约定俗成的用法。
---Who is it ? ---It's me ．---I'd like to have a rest ．---Me，too．
3）使用we 和you 泛指一般人
4)使用she代表国家、船只、月亮、大地等
China is a great country．She has a long history．
5)并列主语或宾语中顺序是：you，he(she) and I；we，you and they
二．物主代词：名词性物主代词――在句中做主语、宾语、表语、补足语，构成双重所有格：a friend of mine 。形容词性物主代词――只能起定语作用。
三．反身代词
1) 在句中作宾语、表语和同位语；2)单复数的确定；3)在一些语境中的特殊含义。
e.g. I'm not quite myself today．我今天不大舒服。/ Ｍake yourself at home．不要拘礼；请随便吧。/ Don't get nervous，help yourself to what you like．别紧张，喜欢吃什么就吃什么。/ Have you enjoyed yourself today? 你今天玩得愉快吗？
四．指示代词
（一）this，that，these those
1．在句子中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。
2．this(these)一般指时间和空间上较近的人或物，而that (those)常指时间和空间上较远的人或物。e.g. This is a novel and that is a magazine．3．this(these)一般指后面要讲到的事物，而that(those)常指前面讲到的事物。e.g. What he told me is this：he wanted to go to Beijing．/ He didn't come．That is why he didn't know．
4．that，those 常用来指代前面提到过的某个名词。e.g. The oil output in 1998 was higher than that of 1995．( that 代替oil output) / The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany．
（二）such
such引起倒装句，谓语数取决于后面主语的数：e.g Such is my answer．/ Such are our people．
做定语，注意和so 的区别，尤其是在so …that，such…that 句型中。e.g. I have never seen such beautiful flowers．(复数名词前，so 不可) / I have never seen such a great film．(也可为so great a film) / W e have such beautiful weather today that we should go out for an outing．(不可数词前，不可用so) / There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him．(在数量概念的many，much，little，few 之前，不可用such )
专题练习（一）
1. New English-Chinese Dictionary has been republished several times,_____ more up to date than the last edition.
A. any
B. everyone
C. either
D. each
2. After paying 1,000 dollars_____ ,you'll all become full members of our club.
A. each
B. all
C. every
D. both
3._____ was her cruelty that we all hated her.
A. It
B. What
C. That
D. Such
4. Mary has been ill in bed for a week. I wonder if she is _____ better now.
A. much
B. some
C. any
D. very
5. -Which of these two ties will you take? -I don't like these. Do you have any_____ ?
A. one
B. other
C. ones
D. others
6. I' d rather ride a bike as bike riding has _____ of the trouble of taking buses.
A. much
B. all
C. neither
D. none
7. I need some blue ink today but there is _____ at hand.
A. not
B. nothing
C. a little
D. none
8. I found the very watch of mine _____ I had left _____ .
A. where, it
B. that, it
C. which, one
D. where, one
9. I haven't got time to get the tickets. Who's going to ____?
A. do so
B. do it
C. buy it
D. do them
10. -Jack certainly has a high opinion of Susan. It can't be better than _____of him.
A. hers
B. she
C. that
D. her
11. -Shall we introduce ____ fire-fighting equipment from abroad? -Go ahead, if necessary.
A. other
B. a few more
C. another
D. some other
12. -How about the price of these refrigerators? -They are equal in price to, if not cheaper than,_____ at the other stores.
A. others
B. it
C. that
D. the ones
13. -I dislike _____ when others laugh at me in public or speak ill of me behind. -So do I.
A. them
B. those
C. it
D. that
14. -Which do you prefer, classical music or pop music? -_____. I prefer folk music.
A. Either
B. Both
C. None
D. Neither
15. Why don' t you trust and use old T om? He is still as strong as _____ in the team.
A. nobody
B. anybody else
C. everybody
D. somebody else
16. -Are the new methods taking any effect? -Y es,_____ articles are stolen from our supermarket.
A. few
B. more
C. some
D. none
17. During the meeting a young man cried out suddenly and threw his notebook at the chairman,_____ brought the room to disorder.
A. it
B. and which
C. and that
D. this
18. I've just seen no more than one copy of Gone with the Wind in the bookshop opposite. T om, go and buy_____ back.
A. one
B. any
C. it
D. some
19. -Do you have _____ at home now? -No, we still have to get scores of eggs and some vegetables.
A. nothing
B. everything
C. anything
D. something
20. Nancy is expecting another baby and hopes _____ will be a boy.
A. he
B. that
C. it
D. there
21. Surely it's _____ with the big nose you mean, not ____!
A. he, I
B. him, me
C. him, I
D. he, me
22. The temperature can fall to –30℃. _____ is,30°C below freezing point.
A. Which
B. It
C. That
D. This
23. -The exam was easy, wasn't it? -Y es, but I don' t think _____ could pass it.
A. somebody
B. everybody
C. anybody
D. nobody
24. Cut the apple into halves so that the twins may each get _____ half.
A. every
B. each
C. another
D. either
25. _____ of us can do everything, but all of us can do _____ .
A. None, something
B. Some, everything
C. Few, something
D. Few, nothing
26. -May I help you with some gloves, sir? -Y es, I'd like to try those blue ____.
A. one
B. ones
C. pair
D. two
27. Of all my friends _____ will be able to persuade T om to change his mind. He is so firm upon it.
李老师英语辅导资料
A. none
B. nobody
C. neither
D. no one
28. -Is he content to accept our offered price?
-Y es. He cares more about the quality. Money is _____ to him.
A. everything
B. anything
C. nothing
D. something
29. I have no idea which was better, so I took ____ of them.
A. both
B. none
C. all
D. any
30. Y ou mustn't always do _____ as he asks you to do. He may be wrong sometimes.
A. anything
B. something
C. nothing
D. everything
31. I'm no painter, and to me, one painting is much like .
A. another
B. the other
C. others
D. one
32. I didn't want either of ____ hats and asked the salesman to show me_____.
A. those, another
B. two, the other
C. all, the others
D. both, others
33. The children were catching butterflies in the garden. Some caught a lot, and others caught _ at all.
A. nothing
B. none
C. no one
D. neither
34. Thank you very much indeed. That' s _____ of you.
A. kindest
B. most kind
C. the kinder
D. the most kind
35. Jack is a very likable fellow, but I've learned to take _____ he says with a grain of salt.
A. something
B. anything
C. nothing
D. everything
36. -I love you more than her, child. -Y ou mean more than ____ love her or more than she loves ____?
A. you, me
B. I, you
C. you, you
D. I, me
专题练习（二）高考题选
1. W as it during the Second W orld W ar _____he died? (MET88)
A．that B. while C. in which D. then
2. Is _____necessary to take off our shoes when we enter the lab? (MET88H)
A．everyone B. this C. her D. it
3．Is _____possible to fly to the moon in a spaceship? (MET88)
A．now B. that C. it D. man
4．His Parents wouldn't let him marry anyone _____family was poor．(MET88)
A．of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose
5．_____leaves the room last ought to turn off the light．(MET88)
A．Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who
6．_____writer is better known in China，Charcles Dickens or Mark T wain? (MET88)
A．Which B. What C. Either D. Whether
7．---Have you seen T om and Mary? ---I haven' t seen _____of them．(MET88)
A．neither B. any C. either D. all
8．Is _____necessary to complete the design before National Day? (MET89)
A．this B. that C. it D. he
9．All _____is needed is a supply of oil．(MET89)
A．the thing B. that C. what D. which
10．His camera is more expensive than ______．(MET89)
A．hers B. her C. it D. its
11．I don't think _____possible to master a foreign language without much memory work．(MET90)
A．this B. that C. its D. it
12．______of them knew about the plan because it was kept in a secret．(MET90)
A．Each B. Any C. No one D. None
13．He paid the boy ￥10 for washing ten windows，most of _____hadn't been cleaned for at least a year．(MET90)
A．these B. those C. that D. which
14．Kate and her sister went to holiday with a cousin of _____．(MET90)
A．their B. theirs C. her D. hers
15．I invited T om and Ann to dinner，but _____of them came．(NMET91)
A．neither B. both C. either D. none
16．She heard a terrible noise，_____brought her heart into her mouth．(MET91)
A．it B. which C. this D. that
17．W e couldn't eat in a restaurant because _____of us had _____money on us．(MET91)
A．all; no B. any; no C. none; any D. no one; any
18．These plants are watered _____．(NMET91)
A．each other day B. every other day C. each of two days D. every of two days
19．Alice received an invitation from her boss，_____came as a surprise．(NMET91)
A．it B. that C. which D. he
20．Does _____matter if he can't finish the job on time?
A．this B. that C. he D. it
21．Mr．Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except _____who had already taken them．(MET92)
A．the ones B. ones C. some D. the others
22．There're so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind _____to buy．(MET92)
A．what B. which C. how D. where
23．Although he's wealthy，he spends _____ on clothes．(NME792)
A．little B. few C. a little D. a few
24．In the dark street，there wasn't a single person _____ she could turn for help．(MET92)
A．that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
25．_____he said at the meeting astonished everybody present．(MET93)
A．What B. That C. The fact D. The matter
26．---W ould you like some wine? ---Y es，just _____．(MET93)
A．little B．very little C．a little D．little bit
27．T om's mother kept telling him that he should work harder，but _____didn't help．(MET93)
A．he B．which C．she D．it
28．---Is _____here? ---No，Bob and Tim have asked for leave．(MET93)
A．anybody B．somebody C．everybody D．nobody
29．---Is your camera like Bill's and Ann's? ---No，but it's almost the same as _____．(NMET94)
A．her B．yours C．them D．their
30．The weather turned out to be very good，_____was more than we could expect．(NMET94)
A．what B．which C．that D．it
31．_____is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language．(NMET95)
A．There B．This C．That D．It
32．They were very tired，but _____of them would stop to take a rest．(NMET95)
A．any B．some C．none D．neither
33．I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have _____．(NMET95)
A．it B．those C．them D．one
34．---When shall we meet again? --Make it _____day you like; it's all the same to me．(NMET96)
A．one B．any C．another D．some
35．T om felt that he knew everybody's business better than they knew it _____．(NMET96 )
A．themselves B．oneself C．itself D．himself
36．I agree with most of what you said，but I don't agree with _____．(NMET97)
A．everything B．anything C．something D．nothing
37．Sarah has read lots of stories by American writers，Now she would like to read_____stories by writers from _____ countries．(NMET97) A．some; any B．other; some C．some; other D．other; other
38．It was about 600 years ago _____ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made．(NMET97)
A．that B．until C．before D．when
39．I hate _____when people talk with their mouths full．(NMET98)
A．it B．that C．these D．them
40．Dr．Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge．I can't remember _____．(NMET98)
A．where B．there C．which D．hat
41．Why do you want a new job _____you've got such a good one already? (NMET98)
A．that B．where C．which D．when
42．It was only when I reread his poems recently _____I began to appreciate their beauty．(NMET98)
A．until B．that C．then D．so
43．Few pleasures can equal _____of a cool drink on a hot day．(NMET99)
A．some B．any C．that D．those
44．If you want to change for a double--room you'll have to pay _____$15．(NMET2000 )
A．another B．other C．more D．each
45．---Why don't we take a little break? ---Didn't we just have _____? (NMET2000)
A．it B．that C．one D．this
46．It is the ability to do the job _____matters not where you come from or what you are．(NMET2000 )
A．one B．that C．what D．it
47．If this dictionary is not yours，_____can it be? (NMET2001)
A．what else B．who else C．which else's D．who else's
48．Many people have helped with canned food，however，the food bank needs _____for the poor．(2001春招)
A．more B．much C．many D．most
49．The Parkers bought a new house but _____will need a lot of work before they can move in．(NMET2001)
A．they B．it C．one D．which
50．---He was nearly drowned once.（2002春招）
---When was _____?
---_____was in 1998 when he was in middle school.
A. that; it
B. this; this
C. this; it
D. that; this
Key:一、强化训练：
1. D
2. A
3. D
4. C
5. D
6. D
7. D
8. A
9. B 10. A 11. D 12. D 13. C 14. D 15. B 16. A 17. C 18. C 19. B 20. C21. B 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. A 28.
C 29. A 30. D31. A 32. A 33. B 34. B 35.
D 36. A
高考题选：
ADCDC ACCBA DDDBA BCBCD ABADA CDCBB DCDBA ACAAC DBCAC BDABA
五．形容词和副词
I. 形容词：
1. 形容词的位置：
1) 形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况后置：
1 修饰some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等构成的复合不定代词时nobody absent, everything possible
2 以-able, -ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后the best book available, the only solution possible
3 alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等可以后置the only person awake
4 和空间、时间、单位连用时 a bridge 50 meters long
5 成对的形容词可以后置 a huge room simple and beautiful
6 形容词短语一般后置 a man difficult to get on with
2) 多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序：
代词数词性状形容词
冠词前的形容词
冠词
指示代词
不定代词
代词所有格
序数词基数词
性质
状态
大小
长短
形状
新旧
温度
颜色
国籍
产地
材料
质地
名
词
all both such
the
a
this
another
your
second
next
one
four
beautiful
good
poor
large
short
square
new
cool
black
yellow
Chinese
London
silk
stone
3) 复合形容词的构成：
1 形容词+名词+ed kind-hearted 6 名词+形容词world-famous
2 形容词+形容词dark-blue 7 名词+现在分词peace-loving
3 形容词+现在分词ordinary-looking 8 名词+过去分词snow-covered
4 副词+现在分词hard-working 9 数词+名词+ed three-egged
5 副词+过去分词newly-built 10 数词+名词twenty-year
II. 副词
副词的分类：
1 时间副词soon, now, early, finally, once, recently 5 频度副词always, often, frequently, seldom, never
2 地点副词here, nearby, outside, upwards, above 6 疑问副词how, where, when, why
3 方式副词hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really 7 连接副词how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile
4 程度副词almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather 8 关系副词when, where, why
III. 形容词和副词比较等级：
形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级，比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是在形容词和副词后加-er和-est，多音节和一些双音节词前加more 和most。
1. 同级比较时常常用as…as…以及not so(as)…as…如：I am not so good a player as you are.
2. 可以修饰比较级的词有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still, yet, by far, any, a great deal。
3. 表示一方随另一方变化时用―the more…the more…‖句型。如：The harder you work, the more progress you will make.
4. 用比较级来表达最高级的意思。如：I have never spent a more worrying day.
5. 表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型：
Our school is three times larger than yours./Our school is four times as large as yours./Our school is four times the size of yours.
6. 表示―最高程度―的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如：favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect。
位置与功能
高考重点要求
1．掌握形容词、副词比较级、最高级的常用句型及用法
2．掌握形容词、副词的原级、比较级和最高级修饰语及倍数的比较表达。
3．注意多外形容词修饰同一名词的前后顺序。
4．分清常用同义与近义形容词在表达中的语义差别。
此项语法内容从1991年到达2001年间共出现45次（包括上海题），可见其重要。
形容词作用与位置
1．定语。
在名词前做定语，为最常见用法。请注意多个形容词（含其它起形容词作用的词）做前置定语的顺序。
"县官行令杀国才。"这一句就概述了形容词顺序问题。即：
限（冠词[物主代词、指示代词]数词等）观（描绘）形（大小、形状等）龄（年龄、新旧等）色（色彩）国（国籍、出处等）材（材料、功用等）
an interesting English film a heavy black Chinese silk umbrella
做后置定语。修饰由不定代词no ,any, some ，every和one,thing等构成的复合词或形容词短语。
2．表语。一定要注意系动词的出现情况。这是一个高考热点问题。
常见系动词有：be
变化系词：become, get ,turn, grow, go
保持系词：keep ,remain, stay
感观系词：look, smell , taste, feel, sound,appear , seem ,prove etc.
3.形容词作状语，表状况、原因、结果等。这也是应注意的一点。
He went to bed , cold and hungry.
4.做宾补。
N：①某些以a 开始的形容词只做表语，不做定语。
afraid, alike, alone, asleep ,awake，alive
②某些表身体健康状况的形容词只能做表语,不做定语
well, ill faint
③某些以-ly 结尾的词是形容词而不是副词。
friendly, lively, lovely, lonely, likely, deadly, orderly 等。
④复合形容词的形式问题。
an 800-meter-wide river an English-speaking country a middle-aged man
副词位置
1）时间副词和地点副词一般放于句尾。如同时出现，则地点副词在前。
They went boating in Zhongshan Park yesterday.
2)表频率的时间副词是高考的热点
always, seldom, often, never, rarely, usually 等，通常放于行为动词之前，be词、情态动词和助动词之后。
He is always telling lies,so I will never believe him.
3)程度副词一般放在被修饰词之前（但enough除外）
He is very young ,so he is not old enough to go to school.
N:有些副词有两种形式，一个与形容词同形，一个以ly 结尾，但它们的含义是不同的。
closely-close nearly-near freely-free deeply-deep highly-high widely-wide 等。
以ly 结尾的词表较为抽象的含义，而与形容词同形的副词则表较为具体的概念。
He is highly praised for what he has done. (高度地)
He can see a bird is flying high in the sky.（飞得高，具有可见性）
专题练习：
1. John has three sisters. Mary is the ___ of the three. (MET88)
A. most cleverest
B. more clever
C. cleverest
D. cleverer
2. The students are___ young people between the age of sixteen and twenty. (MET88)
A. most
B. almost
C. mostly
D. at most
3. She told us ___story that we all forgot about the time. (MET88)
A. such an interesting
B. such interesting a
C. so an interesting
D. a so interesting
4. It is impossible for so___ workers to do so work in a single day. (MET88)
A. few, much
B. few, many
C. little, much
D. little, many
5. The horse is getting old and can't run ___ it did. (MET88)
A. as faster as
B. so fast than
C. so fast as
D. as fast as
6. The story sounds___ . (MET89)
A. to be true
B. as true
C. being true
D. true
7. I'd been expecting ___ letters the whole morning, but there weren't ___ for me. (MET89)
A. some; any
B. many; a few
C. some; one
D. a few; none
8. This year they have produced ___ grain ___ they did last year. (MET89)
A. as less; as
B. as few; as
C. less; than
D. fewer; than
9. After the new technique was introduced, the factory produced ___ tractors in 1988 as the year before. (MET90)
A. as twice many
B. as many twice
C. twice as many
D. twice many as
10. The pianos in the other shop will be , but______ . (MET90)
A. cheaper; not as better
B. more cheaper; not as better
C. cheaper; not as good
D. more cheap; not as good
11. ---Can I help you?
---W ell, I'm afraid the box is___ heavy for you, but thank you all the same. (MET90)
A. so
B. much
C. very
D. too
12.---Excuse me, is this Mr. Brown's office?
---I'm sorry, but Mr. Brown ___ works here. He left about three weeks ago. (MET90)
A. not now
B. no more
C. not still
D. no longer
13. If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with ___ money and ___ people. (MET90)
A. less; less
B. fewer; fewer
C. less; fewer
D. fewer; less
14. Oh, John. ___ you gave me! (MET90)
A. How a pleasant surprise
B. How pleasant surprise
C. What a pleasant surprise
D. What pleasant surprise
15. ---How did you find your visit to museum?
---I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was ___ than I expected. (MET91)
李老师英语辅导资料
A. far more interesting
B. even much interesting
C. so more interesting
D. a lot much interesting
16. Canada is larger than ___ country in Asia. (NMET91)
A. any
B. any other
C. other
D. another
17. Those oranges taste___ . (MET91)
A. good
B. well
C. to be good
D. to be well
18. The experiment was ___ easier than we had expected. (NMET91)
A. more
B. much more
C. much
D. more much
19. ___ food you've cooked! (NMET91 )
A. How a nice
B. What a nice
C. How nice
D. What nice
20. Go and get your coat. It's ___ you left it. (MET92)
A. there
B. where
C. there where
D. where there
21. John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes___ . (MET92)
A. open
B. to be opened
C. to open
D. opening
22. ---Are you feeling ___?
---Y es, I' m fine now. (NMET92)
A. any well
B. any better
C. quite good
D. quite better
23. Which is___ country, Canada or Australia? (MET92)
A. a large
B. larger
C. a larger
D. the larger
24. ---Will you give this message to Mr. White, please?
---Sorry, I can't. He ___. (MET92)
A. doesn't any more work here
B. doesn't any longer here work
C. doesn't work any more here
D. doesn't work here any longer
25. How can you finish the drawing? (MET92)
A. often
B. soon
C. long
D. rapid
26. ___ terrible weather we've been having these days! (MET92)
A. How a
B. What a
C. How
D. What
27. It takes a long time to go there by train. It's___ by road.(MET93)
A. quick
B. the quickest
C. much quick
D. quicker
28. ___ from Beijing to London! (MET93)
A. How long way it is
B. What a long way is it
C. How long way is it
D. What a long way it is
29. She doesn't speak___ her friends, but her written work is excellent. (MET93)
A. as well as
B. as often as
C. so much as
D. as good as
30. ---Mum, I think I'm___ to get back to school.
---Not really, My dear. Y ou'd better stay at home for another day or two. (NMET93)
A. so well
B. so good
C. well enough
D. good enough
31. ---If you don't like the red coat, take the blue one.
---OK, but do you have size___ in blue? This one's a bit tight for me. (NMET93)
A. a big
B. a bigger
C. the big
D. the bigger
32. John plays footbal___ , if not better than, Davi. (NMET94)
A. as well
B. as well as
C. so well
D. so well as
33. W e all write___ ,even when there's net much to say. (NMET94)
A. now and then
B. by and by
C. step by step
D. more or less
34. ---Do you remember ___ he came?
---Y es I do, he came by car. (NMET94)
A. how
B. when
C. that
D. if
35. If there were no examinations, we should have ___at school. (NMET94)
A. the happiest time
B. a more happier time
C. much happiest time
D. a much happier time
36. ---Have you finished your report yet?
---No, I'll finish in___ ten minutes. (NMET95)
A. another
B. other
C. more
D. less
37. ---I'd like ___ information about the management of your hotel, please.
---W ell, you could have ___ word with the manager. He might be helpful. (NMET95)
A. some; a
B. an; some
C. some; some
D. an; a
38. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty,___ great it is. (NMET95)
A. what
B. how
C. however
D. whatever
39. W e decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining ____. (NMET96)
A. badly
B. hardly
C. strongly
D. heavily
40. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard ___. (NMET96)
A. the better voice
B. a good voice
C. the best voice
D. a better voice
41. T ony is going camping with ___ boys. (NMET93)
A. little two other
B. two little other
C. two other little
D. little other two
42. ---How was your recent visit to Qingdao? (NMET95)
---It was great. W e visited some friends, and spent ___the days at the seaside.
A. few last sunny
B. last few sunny
C. last sunny few
D. few sunny last
43. Can you believe that in ___ a rich country there should be _ many poor people? (MET95)
A. such; such
B. such; so
C. so; so
D. so; such
44. W ait till you are more___ .It's better to be sure than sorry. (NMET97)
A. inspired
B. satisfied
C. calm
D. certain
45. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is ___ known for his plays. (NMET98)
A. the best
B. more
C. better
D. the most
46.___ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. (NMET2000 )
A. Brave enough students
B. Enough brave students
C. Students brave enough
D. Students enough brave
47. It's always difficult being in a foreign country, ___ if you don't speak the language. (NMET2000 )
A. extremely
B. naturally
C. basically
D. especially
48. I am surprised that you should have been fooled by such a (an) ___ trick. (2001 春招)
A. ordinary
B. easy
C. smart
D. simple
49. It is generally believed that teaching is___ it is a science. (NMET2001)
A. an art much as
B. much an art as
C. as an art much as
D. as much an art as
50.---I'm very ___with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.
---Mm, it does have a ___smell. (2002春招)
A. pleasant; pleased
B. pleased; pleased
C. pleasant; pleasant
D. pleased; pleasant
51.Boris has brains. In fact ,I doubt whether anyone in the class has ___IQ.
A. a high
B. a higher
C. the higher
D. the highest
Key:
CCAAD DACCC DDCCA AACDB ABDDB DDDAC BBAAD AACDD CBBDC CDDDD
六．介词
介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词。介词分为三种，一种是简单介词，如at, in, on, beside, to , for等；另一种是短语介词，即由两个以上的词组组成的短语，如in front of, because of, out of, instead of等；还有一种叫二重介词，如until after, from behind等。
（一）介词的句法功能
介词不能独立在句中做成份，介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成份，表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。
1、作定语：The book on the table is mine.
2、作状语：W e have breakfast at seven.（表时间）；They were late for meeting because of the heavy rain.（表原因）；They started the machine by pressing the button.（表方法）
3、作表语：My dictionary is in the bag.
4、作宾语补足语：I found him in the office.
（二）主要介词区别
1、表示时间的at, in, on：at表示片刻的时间，如：at 8 o’clock ，常用词组有：at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas, at New Y ear等。in表示一段的时间，如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future等。on总是跟日子有关，on Monday, on Christmas morning, on the following, on May Day, on a warm morning等。
2、表示时间的since和from：since表示从过去到现在的一段时间的过程，常与现在完成时连用。from表示从时间的某一点开始，不涉及与现在的关系。一般多与现在时、过去时、将来时连用。如：I hope to do morning exercises from today./ W e have not seen each other since 1995.
3、表示时间的in和after：两者都表示―在（某个时间）之后，区别在于in表示―在（一段时间）之后‖，而after则表示―在（某一具体时间点之后）‖，in短语和将来时态连用，after短语和过去时态或将来时态连用。如：W e’ll be back in three days./ After seven the rain b egan to fall./ What shall we do after graduation?
注意：after有时也可以表示在一段时间之后（常用在过去时里）。如：After two months he returned.
4、表示地理位置的in, on, to：in表示在某范围内，on指与什么毗邻，to指在某环境范围之外。如：Changchun is in the northeast of China./ Mongolia is on the north of China./ Japan is to the east of China.
5、表示―在……上‖的on和in：on只表示在某物的表面上，而用in表示占去某物一部分。如：There is a book on the piece of paper./ There is an interesting article in the newspaper./ He dug a hole in the wall.
6、表示―穿过……‖的through和across：through表示从内部通过，与in 有关；across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过，与on 有关。如：W ater flows through the pipe./ The old man walked across the street.
7、in the corner, on the corner, at the corner：in the corner 表示在角落里，in指角的内面；on the corner表示―在角上‖，on指的不是内面，也不是外面，而含内外兼有之意；at the corner指―在拐角处‖，at指的是拐角外附近的外面。如：The lamp stands in the corner of the room./ I met with him at the street corner./ He sat on the corner of the table.
8、in the end, at the end of, by the end of：in the end作―最后‖、―终于‖解，可单独使用，后不接介词of；at the end of 表示―在……末梢‖，―到……尽头‖，既可指时间，也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用；by the end of 作―在……结束时‖，―到……末为止‖解，只能指时间。不可单独使用。如：In the end they reached a place of safety./ At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden./ They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week./ by the end of last month he had finished the novel.
9、表示―关于‖的about 和on：两者都有―关于‖的意思，不过前者为一般用词，而后者为较正式的―论述‖。如：He came to tell me about something important./ He wrote a book on science.
10、between, among：一般说来，between表示两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上的中间。如：Y ou are to sit between your father and me./ He is always happy among his classmates.
注意：但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西，如果强调的是两两相互间接关系，适用于between。如：Agreements were made between the different countries. 在谈到一些事物或一组事物，而把它们视为分居两边时用between。如：The little valley lies between high mountains.。在谈事物间的差别时，总是用between。如：They don’t know the difference between wheat, oats and barley.
11、besides, except, but, except for：besides指―除了……还有，再加上‖。如：All went out besides me.；except指―除了，减去什么‖，不能放在句首。如：All went out except me.；but 与except意思近似，表示―除了……外‖经常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑问词后面。如：I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.；except for表示―如无……就，只是‖表明理由细节。如：His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes.。
12、表示―用‖的in和with：表示工具的―用‖，用with，而表示材料、方式、方法、度量、单位、语言、声音等的―用‖，用in。如：He is writing a letter with a pen./ He wrote the letter in pencil./ W e measured it in pounds./ Read the text in a loud voice./ T ell me the story in English.
13、in charge of和in the charge of：两者都表示―由谁负责、照顾、管理‖。区别在于：in charge of后接被照管的人或物，而in the charge
of后面则跟照管的人。如：Who is in charge of the project?/ The project is in the charge of an engineer.。
14、as, like：as作―作为‖、―以……地位或身份‖解。如：Let me speak to you as a father.（事实是父亲）；like作―象……一样‖解。如：Let me speak to you like a father.（事实上不是父亲）。
15、in front of 和in the front of：in front of = before，是―在……前面‖的意思（不在某物内）；in the front of则是―在……前部‖的意思（在某物内）。如：There is a desk in front of the blackboard./ The boy sat in the front of the car.。
16、in, into：into表示动向，不表示目的地或位置。如：W e walked into the park.；in通常表示位置。如：W e walked in the park；in和drop, fall, put, throw, break等终止性动词连用时，也可以表示动向。如：I have put the coin in (into) my pocket.我把硬币放进衣袋。
I. 介词分类：
1 简单介词about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond, during, in, on
2 合成介词inside, into, onto, out of, outside, throughout, upon, within, without
3 短语介词according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to
4 双重介词from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between
5 分词转化成的介词considering(就而论), including
6 形容词转化成的介词like, unlike, near, next, opposite
II. 常用介词区别：
1 表示时间的in, on, at at表示片刻的时间，in表示一段的时间，on总是与日子有关
2 表示时间的since, from since 指从过去到现在的一段时间，和完成时连用，from指从时间的某一点开始
3 表示时间的in, after,during,before in指在一段时间之后，after表示某一具体时间点之后或用在过去时的一段时间中
4 表示地理位置的in, on, to in表示在某范围内，on指与什么毗邻，to指在某环境范围之外
5 表示―在…上‖的on, in on只表示在某物的表面上，in表示占去某物一部分
6 表示―穿过‖的through, across through表示从内部通过，与in有关，across表示在表面上通过，与on有关
7 表示―关于‖的about, on about指涉及到，on指专门论述
8 between与among的区别between表示在两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上的中间
9 besides与except的区别besides指―除了…还有再加上‖，except指―除了，减去什么‖，不放在句首
10 表示―用‖的in, with with表示具体的工具，in表示材料，方式，方法，度量，单位，语言，声音
11 as与like的区别as意为―作为，以…地位或身份‖，like为―象…一样‖，指情形相似
12 in与into区别in通常表示位置（静态），into表示动向，不表示目的地或位置
专题练习
1. The teacher is writing ____ a piece of chalk on the blackboard while the students are writing ____ink in exercise books. A. with, in B. in, with C. in, in D. with, with
2. The worker can make chairs ____ wood, and also can make paper ____ wood.
A. from, of
B. of, from
C. of. of
D. from, from
3. Mary dropped in ____ Mr Smith, but he wasn' t at home, so she went to drop in ____ Mr Smith's office. A. on, on B. at, at
C. on. at
D. at. on
4. The teacher is not only strict ____ his pupils but also strict ____ his own work.
A. with, with
B.in,in
C. in, with
D. with, in
5. His grandfather died ____ the wound that the enemy soldier had given him .and then his grand-
mother died ____ hungry and cold. A.from,of B.of,from C.from,from D.of.of
6. If you run ____ two hares you will catch neither. A.into B.after C.off D. out of
7. This is a common mistake ____ students. A. between B.over C. among D. about
8. My father began to work ____ a bus driver when he was twenty years old.
A.for
B.to
C.at
D.as
9. _____ hearing the news, I was wild ____ joy. A. At, in B. On, with C. After, by D. /, over
10.I don' t think Xiao Li is ____ the other students ____ mathematics.
A. after, on
B. after, with
C. behind, in
D. behind, at
11. Nobody knows it ____ me. A. except for B. except that C. besides D. but
12. The window is never opened ____ in summer. A. but B. except C. except for D. but for
13. It happened ____ the Long March. A. during B.in C.at D.for
14. W e go to school ____ a bike. A.in B.on C.by D.ove
15. It's very kind____ you to repair the bike ____ me.
A.for.for
B.of,of
C.of,for
D.for,of
16. Fresh air is good ____ your health. A.at B.for C.of D.to
17.The boy is waiting ____ his sister and they will go to the hospital to wait ____ their sick mother.
A.for,on
B.on,for
C.for,for
D.on.on
18.The group is made up____five students. And they are studying hard to make up____ the lost time.
A.of,of
B.for,for
C.of,for
D.for,of
19.The PLA man saved the boy ____ death. A. of B.from C.to D.on
20. He will come ____ three days. A.before B.after C. in D. later
21. He went to Beijing and returned ____ three days. A. in B. before C. later D. after
22. He will return____ three o'clock. A.after B.in C.on D.at
23. He wrote the article ____ three days. A.at B.in C.on D.by
24.I agree ____ what you said. A.to B.on C.with D.at
25. Do you agree____ this plan (arrangement)? A.at B.with C.on D.to
李老师英语辅导资料
26. Finally they agreed ____ the terms of the contract. A.on B.to C.with D.at
27. Do you often hear____ your brother? A. of B. from C. out of D. about
28.1 heard ____ the book long ago, but I have never read it. A. out B.from C.of D.with
29. The plane flew ____ the city. A. across B.past C. through D.over
30. W e walked ____ the Tian An Men Square to the Museum of Chinese History.
A. across
B. through
C.by
D.past
31.I was wandering ____ the streets when I caught sight of a tailor's shop.
A. across
B. through
C.by
D.past
32. Our bus drove ____ the Great Hall of the People.
A. across
B. through
C. past
D.over
33. ____ the sun, nothing would grow. A. For B.With C. Under D. Without
34. The teacher is busy ____ teaching. A.with B.for C.on D.of
35. The teacher is busy ____ correcting papers. A. for B.in C.on D.of
36. W e left Xi' an _.___ a very hot summer afternoon.
A. on
B.in
C. during
D.by
37. She felt disappointed when she found out they had gone swimming____ her.
A. but
B. except
C. except for
D. without
38. His teacher was angry ____ him ____ his being late.
A.at,with
B.at,for
C.with,for
D.with,about
39. My father was disappointed ____ the news.
A. by
B. about
C. at
D. on
40. Mr W ang went to Nanjing ____ October,1998 and came back home ____ the morning of Nov. 5.
A.at;in
B.on;at
C.in;on
D.by;from
41 .My uncle lives ____ 105 Huanghe Street. His room is ____ the fifth floor.
A.at;on
B.td;at
C.on;in
D.of;to
42. I don't think you can work out the maths problem ____ the teacher's help.
A. since
B. unless
C. because
D. without
43. He is running ____ the wind towards the east of the station ____ T om is running ____ the right.
A. down; and; on
B. against; while; on
C.for;with;in
D. with; while; to
44. In Hangzhou Mr Green was so struck ____ the beauty of nature that he stayed ____ another night.
A.at;on
B.with;at
C.for;in
D.by;for
45. Many people are still ____ the habit of writing silly things ____ public places.
A.at;at
B.in;in
C.into;of
D.during;at
46. - Do you go there ____ bus? - No, we go there ____ a train.
A. in; on
B.on;on
C.by;in
D.by; with
47. I made the coat ____ my own hands. It was made ____ hand, not with a machine.
A. in; in
B.in; with
C. with; by
D. with; with
48. The trees ____ front of the house are ____ the charge of Old Li.
A. in; in
B. at; in
C. in; by
D. from; in
49. The old man died ____ cold ____ a cold night.
A. from; at
B.of;in
C.of;on
D. for; during
50. Does John know any other foreign languages ____ French?
A. except
B. but
C. besides
D. beside
51. He looked quite healthy ____ he was ____ the age of seventy.
A. when; at
B. because; in
C. if; for
D. though; at
52. - How long has the bookshop been in business? -____1982.
A. After
B.In
C.From
D.Since
53. Did you have any trouble ____ the post office?
A. to have found
B. with finding
C. to find
D. in finding
54.T o tell you the truth, I have nothing to do ____ it.
A.about
B.with
C.for
D.of
55. Something must be done to prevent our city ____ by thick smoke.
A. to be polluted
B. from polluting
C. from being polluted
D. polluting
56.____ the students likes the paintings. Which is wrong?
A. The teacher as well as
B. Nobody but
C. The teacher besides
D. All except
57. Henry,____ Mary and T om, is coming to China for a visit. Which is wrong?
A. together with
B. like
C. and not
D. but in addition to
58. T aiwan is ____ the east of Fujian.
A. in
B.at
C.to
D.on
59. His father will be back from London ____ a few days.
A.since
B.in
C.on
D.after
60. W e offered him our congratulations ____ his passing the college entrance exams.
A.at
B.on
C.for
D.of
61 .The word "write" has the same pronunciation ____ the word "right".
A. of
B.as
C.to
D.from
62. The train leaves ____ 6: 00 p. m. So I have to be at the station ____ 5:40 p. m. at the latest.
A. at; until
B. for; after
C.at;by
D. before; around
63. Go ____ the gate and you' 11 find the entrance ____ the park ____ the other side.
A. through; to; on
B. along ;of; on
C. down; to; at
D. up; of; by
64. One ____ five will have the chance to join in the game.
（1）表语从句 1．定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导表语从句的关联词的种类： (1) 从属连词that。如： The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 (2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如： He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。 注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如： All this was over twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday. gh能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如： It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。 连接副词 where, when, how, why。 如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 解释： 1．连词because可引导表语从句。如： I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。 2．在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如： My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。（2）主语从句 1．定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导主语从句的关联词有三类： (1) 从属连词that。如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 (2) 从属连词whether。如： Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。 (3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如： What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 Whoever comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。 Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。 解释： 1．主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有： A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如： It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。 B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that
O(∩_∩)O~人教版高一英语词组Unit1 1.argue about 争论….. 2. be fond of 喜欢….. 3. all the time 一直，始终 4. make fire 生火 5. develop a friendship建立友谊 6. care about 关心，担心 7. in order to 为了…… 8. hunt for 搜寻；追寻；寻找 9. such as 例如 10. make friends交朋友 11. be regard as被当作….. 12. click …away 点击……发送 13. make a difference有所不同 14 .drop sb. a line给某人写信 15 keep in mind记住 16.at the end of 在…..的末尾 wake up醒来 wander off 漫步 most of the time 大部分时间 either…or… 或……或……
each other 互相 spend…(in)doing s th 花费时间做某事 be determined to do 决定做…… think about 看法 for example 举例子 work out 得出；解决 argue for 为……辩护 argue with 与……争论/争辩 argue against 争辩…… set up （具体）设置；安装/（抽象）建立do some research 做研究 choose to do sth. 宁愿、偏要、决定做某事catch one’s eye 引起某人的注意 care for 照顾 be intended for/to do 为……而准备、预定reach a doctor 找到医生 must have done 一定是；想必是 get a training 得到训练 as well as ……也 second to 次于 get sb. into使某人进入/陷入 story after story 一个故事接着一个
高中英语语法“虚拟语气”的教学设计 一、教材分析： 本课是结合外研社版高中英语教材选修6中有关虚拟语气的语法内容，进行高三虚拟语气的复习，教学中将语法知识的传授和语言基本技能的学习结合到一起，注重复习语法与语言的运用。采用任务型教学法和小组合作探究学习法，从而扩大课堂的语言输入量及学生的语言输出量。 二、学情分析： 在高一和高二英语学习基础上，高三学生已经掌握基本的语言结构和一定程度的听说读写能力。在高三语法复习的过程中，结合学生原有的知识掌握水平，巩固基础强化正确使用语法知识，提高学生运用语言的深度和难度.但大部分学生的基础知识仍然较为薄弱，运用英语进行交际活动的能力较差，主动学习的动力不够，然而他们学习比较认真，渴求知欲旺盛，思维比较活跃。部分学生的基础较好，能主动配合老师。只有设置使他们感兴趣的活动，因材施教，才能让他们投入到课堂活动中来。 三、教学重点: 1.复习的重点---语法虚拟语气的句型结构. 2.语法虚拟语气的运用 四、教学难点: 1.结合复习的语法知识，以课堂教学为依托，全面训练学生的听、说、读、写能力，加强和提高运用英语的综合能力。 2.虚拟语气在真实的生活语境中的使用。 五、教学目标: 1.知识目标: 引导学生掌握情态动词在虚拟语气之中的使用。培养学生通读，分析，理解，综合的能力，教会学生体察语境，结合上下文，附和逻辑推理和合理的想象，结合语法和题干中的语境解决高考题。在运用语言过程中培养学生的观察力、分析力、想象力和自学能力，提高思维能力和运用英语的综合能力。 2.能力目标： 利用多媒体手段营造积极和谐教学氛围，使学生进入情景之中，充分调动学生的思维活动和情感体验，规范学生运用英语知识准确表达的能力，同时，发展学生综合语言运用的能力，分析问题和解决问题的能力，培养学生自主学习。 3.德育目标： 用情态动词和虚拟语气的句子结构表达思想感情和正确的世界观、人生观。 六、教学策略:
高中英语语法通霸1.句子结构成分分析 主语谓语宾语定语状语补语定语
英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。 考点1. 划分句子成分时的常用符号 英语中划分句子成分的符号 主语在下面画直线 谓语在下面画曲线 宾语在下面画双横线 定语在下面画虚线?（一行点使我们想到一排钉子，“钉”谐音为“定语”的“定”）状语下面为短横线（短横线使我们想到短木桩，木桩撞（状）钟） 补语上一短横，下一短横（下一短横好像是为了弥补上面短横间的空隙） 同位语上下双曲线（都有曲折，上下位置基本相同） 考点1. 主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。 可以作主语的词性或语法结构： 1. 名词 2. 代词 3. 数词 4. 不定式 5. 动名词 6. 主语从句等表示。 7. 名词化的形容词（如the rich） 在英语中，形容词、副词和介词短语是不能作主语的。如果它们在句首时，句子可能是倒装句，真正的主语在后面。 On the desk are some books. (主语是books，所以用are) Down jumps the boy. (主语是the boy，所以用jumps ) Gone are the days. (主语是the days，所以用are) 练习1. 在下面句子的主语下面画横线，并说出由什么充当。 1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. 7.When we are going to have English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language. 9.That he isn’t at home is not true. 10.There comes the bus. 11.Beyond the village lies a small village. 12.Now comes your turn.
高中英语语法权威解析 目录: 第０１章名词性从句 第0２章“Iｔ”用法及其句型与固定搭配讲解 第03章高中英语语法中得省略现象 第04章主谓一致 第05章动词不定式 第06章倒装结构 第07章定语从句 第０8章被动语态 第09章祈使句 第10章感叹句 第１1章疑问句 第12章名词 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用得句子叫名词性从句(Ｎｏun Cｌaｕsｅs)。名词性从句得功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同得语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句与同位语从句、一. 主语从句 主语从句就是在复合句中充当主语得从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it 代替,而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It 作形式主语与ｉt引导强调句得比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要就是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句得连接词没有变化、而i ｔ引导得强调句则就是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调得就是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/ｗｈｏｍ、例如: ａ) It isａpitｙｔhaｔyoｕｄidn’t go ｔo seｅｔhｅｆilm.您不去瞧那场电影真可惜。 b) It doeｓn’tｉntereｓt me whethｅrｙou sｕｃceed or not、我对您成功与否不感兴趣、 c) Ｉｔisｉn thｅｍoｒnｉng thaｔｔｈe ｍurder took place. 谋杀案就是在早上发生得、(强调句型) d) Ｉt is Joｈn tｈat broke ｔｈeｗｉｎdow。就是Joｈn打碎得窗户。(强调句型) 2、用ｉt 作形式主语得结构 (1)It is + 名词＋从句 It is ａfaｃt tｈat…事实就是… Ｉt ｉs an honor ｔhat …非常荣幸 It ｉｓｃommon knowlｅdge ｔhat …就是常识 (2)Ｉt is + 形容词+从句 It is naturａl thａt…很自然… It ｉｓstrａｎｇe that…奇怪得就是…(3) It ｉｓ＋不及物动词+ 从句 Ｉｔｓｅems thａｔ…似乎… Ｉt ｈappeneｄthat…碰巧… Iｔappeaｒs that…似乎…
高中英语语法大全 还记得高中的时候都学过哪些语法吗?英语老师强调掌握的是?下面是学习啦小编给大家整理的高中英语语法，供大家参阅! 高中英语语法：倒装结构 同学们很容易混淆的是全部倒装与部分倒装。如何区分之，编个顺口溜：副(adv.)介(prep.)提前全倒装，其它句式部分倒;否定提前倒助动，让步状语倒表语;复合句式倒主句，不倒装的属特殊。 下面举例说明： A、Here comes the bus.(副词提前，全倒装) B、Here he comes.(代词作主语，不倒装) C、In front of the house lies a garden.(介词短语提前，全倒装) D、Never shall I do this again.(否定词提前，部分倒装) E、Young as he is ,he knows a lot.(让步状语从句，表语倒装) F、Only when he told me did I realize what trouble he was in.(only 修饰状语，主句倒装) G、Only he can save the patient.(only修饰主语.不倒装) H、Not only will help be given to people,but also medical treatment will be provided.(否定词提前，部分倒装) I、Not only he but also we like sports.(连接两个主语，不倒装) 高中英语语法：引导的主语从句的what 1. 表特指 所谓表特指，就是说此时的what 在用法上大致相当于the。如： What money I have will be yours when I die. = The money I have will be yours when I die. 我一死我的钱就都给你。 What possessions I have are yours.=The possessions I have are yours. 我的所有的财产都是你的。 2. 表“微量” 有时不仅表特指，而且还表“微量”，即含有“量不多”之意。如果将“特指”和“微量”结合起来，该结构的意思就是“虽不多，但全部”，有时可译为“仅有”。如：
高中英语语法大全之形容词和副词 形容词及其用法 形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。 1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot 热的。 2)叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。 （错）He is an ill man. （对）The man is ill. （错）She is an afraid girl. （对）The girl is afraid. 这类词还有：well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。 3）形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后，例如： something nice 以-ly结尾的形容词 1）大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。 改错：(错）She sang lovely. （错）He spoke to me very friendly. （对）Her singing was lovely. （对）He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily. 用形容词表示类别和整体 1）某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry The poor are losing hope. 2）有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。 the British，the English，the French，the Chinese. The English have wonderful sense of humor. 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为： 限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --出处--材料性质，类别--名词 a small round table a tall gray building
什么是语法？ +表语 +宾语 +间接宾语+直接宾语 +宾语+宾语补足语 to/-ing s not
一般现在时vs.一般过去时
一般将来时 将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的 动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经 常或者重复发生的动作，常与表示 将来的时间副词连用，例如：soon, next week, this afternoon, tomorrow We will graduate next year. 我们明年毕业。
进行时(1) (V+ing) 现在分词(V+ing) 现在分词(V+ing)?
进行时(2)
完成时(1) Part1 完成时的句型构成 1-1 陈述句型：S+has/have+过去分词(p.p.) I have already finished my homework.(我已经完成了我的作业) 1-2 否定句型：S+has/have+not+过去分词(p.p.) Sandy has been a nurse in this hospital for 15 years.(珊蒂已经在这家医院担任护士长达15年了。) 1-3 疑问句型：Has/Have+s+过去分词(p.p.)? Have you ever seen Peter in past 3 months?(过去3个月内，你看见过彼吗？) 2-1 陈述句型：S+had+过去分词(p.p.) This proposal had been deliverde by Eva before Aaron finished it. (这个计划在艾伦完成以前，伊娃就已经提交出去了) 2-2 否定句型：S+had+not+过去分词(p.p.) I had not finished my work when he visited me last week.(上周他来拜访我以前，我还没有完成工作。) 2-3 疑问句型：Had+s+过去分词(p.p.)? Had you ever been to a blind date before you married?(你结婚以前曾经参加相亲吗？) 3-1 陈述句型：S+shall/will+have+过去分词(p.p.) They wll have finished the meeting by now. (他们现在应该已经开完会了) 3-2 否定句型：S+shall/will+have+not+过去分词(p.p.) We will have not made 10 apple pies by the end of today.(我们在今天结束之前不能做完10个苹果派。) 3-3 疑问句型： Shall/Will+ s+have+过去分词(p.p.)? Will they have already left by the time we get there?(我们到的时候，他们会不会已经离开了？ )
高中英语语法总结（完整版；高中必看！） 专题一：定语从句 一、关系代词引导的定语从句 1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 which指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略） who指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 whom指人在从句中作宾语 whose指人或物在从句中作定语 as指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 but指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语 注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which或of which+the+名词2、as 的用法 （1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as 注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个 the same…that 表示同一个
（2）as与which的区别 a、位置不同 as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。 b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。 Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。 注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。 c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。 二、只用that不用which的情况 1、.先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时 2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时. 3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。
英语语法大全 第一部分：词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is, are, have, see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 如：I‘m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名 词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如： He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接 宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾 语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：He works hard .(他工作努力) 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁)/ He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课)/ The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语) ☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里？) 3、构词法：英语构词法主要有：合成法、派生法和转换法。 1、合成法：如：spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。 2、派生法： (1)派生名词：①动词+er/or②动词+ing③动词+(t)ion④形容词+ness⑤其他,如： inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge (2)派生形容词：①名词+y②名词+ful③动词+ing/ed④friendly⑤dangerous⑥ Chinese; Japanese⑦English⑧French⑨German⑩国名+(i)an如：snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious (3)派生副词：①形容词+ly ②其它,如：slowly, angrily, full→fully, good→well, possible
《高中英语语法大全》 本文件内容丰富，讲解详细，层次分明，重点突出，包括高中英语中非常详尽的知识点、易错点、易混点、常考点等，是高中学生和老师非常实用而而且管用语法大全。适合不同层次的高中学生使用。 《高中英语语法大全》第01章名词 一、概说 名词是表示人、事物、抽象概念等名称的词，如boy 男孩，mother 母亲，news 消息，progress 进步，computer 计算机，Tom 汤姆，Paris 巴黎，Japan 日本，furniture 家具，等。 名词根据其词汇意义，通常分为专有名词和普通名词。专有名词主要指人、地方、组织、机构等的专有的名称，专有名词的第一个字母通常大写，如Mary 玛丽，Mr Green 格林先生，Beijing 北京，等；普通名词通常指人、物、概念等的一般名称。根据普通名词的语法性质，它又可以细为个体名词、物质名词、集合名词和抽象名词四类：个体名词表示人或物的个体，如girl 女孩，pen 钢笔，等；物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物，如wood 木头，meat 肉，等；集合名词表示若干个体组成的集合体，如：family 家庭，crowd 人群，等；抽象名词表示性质、行为、状态、感情等抽象概念，如work 工作，happiness 幸福，等。 二、名词的数 1.名词复数的构成方法 (1)在一般情况下，加词尾 -s： book / books 书 pen / pens 钢笔 face / faces 脸 (2)以 s, x, z, sh, ch 等结尾的名词，通常加词尾 -es： bus / buses 公共汽车 box / boxes 盒子 dish / dishes 盘子 注：有些以 ch 结尾的名词，由于其发音不是 [k] 而是 [tf]，那么其复数形式应加词尾–s，如stomach / stomachs 胃。 (3)以y 结尾的名词，其复数构成要分两种情况：以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词，将 y 改为 ies；以“元音字母＋y”结尾的名词，直接加词尾s： city / cities 城市 boy / boys 男孩 key / keys 钥匙
什么是语法？ 1-1名词 1-2代名词 3-1 主语+不及物动词1-3形容词 3-2 主语+系动词+表语1-4动词 3-3 主语+及物动词+宾语 1-5副词 3-4 主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语1-6介词 3-5 主语+使役动词+宾语+宾语补足语 1-7连词1-8 感叹词 2-1 名词短语 4-1 动词不能连用 2-2 形容词短语 4-2 两个动词用to/-ing 2-3 副词短语 4-3 第三人称动司加s 2-4 动词短语 4-4 否定句不可直接加not 2-5 介词短语 4-5 to+ 动词 4-6 助动词 4-7 问句要用助动词4-8 动词随主语变化形式 1.单词 2.短语 3.句型 4.语法 英语语法概论
一般现在时vs.一般过去时 1-1现在时刻发生的动作或状态 1-2经常性或习惯性的动作 1-3主语具备的性格、能力和本质特征等 1-4 客观事实、普遍真理、名言、警句或谚语等1-5按规定、时刻表、计划或安排要发生的动作1-6与时间副词连用表将来式 1-7以here 、there 引导之倒装句表正在发生之事 2-1表示过去特定时间发生的事件、动作 2-2 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态2-3表示过去经常或反复发生的动作 1.现在时使用时机 一般现在时vs. 一般过去时 2.过去时使用时机
一般将来时 1-1陈述句：S+will/shall+V原形 1-2否定句：S+will/shall+not+V原形 1-3疑问句：Will/Shall+s+V原形 ? 1.句型构成 将来时 2.使用时机 2-1表示将来某个时间点要发生的事 2-2表示不以人的意志为转移的自然发展的事 2-3征询对方意图或愿望时 2-4 表示即将要做的动作或决定 将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的 动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经 常或者重复发生的动作，常与表示 将来的时间副词连用，例如：soon, next week, this afternoon, tomorrow We will graduate next year. 我们明年毕业。
句子结构及成分 ①相关概念 1.词性的英文缩写 在英语学习中，掌握单词词性非常重要。如果我们在记单词的时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话，我们就不知道如何使用它们，所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。 缩写字母原词代表词性 n. noun 名词 v. verb 动词 vt.transitive verb 及物动词 vi.intransitive verb 不及物动词modal v. modal verb 情态动词 aux. v. auxiliary verb 助动词 adj.adjective 形容词 adv.adverb 副词 num. numeral 数词 interj. interjection 感叹词 pron. pronoun 代词 prep.preposition 介词 art. article 冠词 conj conjunction 连词 2.及物动词和不及物动词 实义动词后面跟宾语时，这个动词是及物动词。实义动词后面不跟宾语时，此时这个动词是不及物动词。 The door opened. (open后面没跟宾语，此时，open是不及物动词。) He opened the door. (open后面有宾语the door, 此时，open是及物动词。) 注意：英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。 有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，词义相同。如：The meeting began at six. < vi.> We began the meeting at six. < vt.> 有(答疑qq 329950885)些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，但词义不同。如： The man walked away. (walk不及物动词，意为“走”) He walked the dog every day. ( walk及物动词，“遛”) She washes clothes at home. (wash及物动词，“洗”) The clothes washes well. (wash不及物动词，“耐洗”) 英语中一些单词是及物还是不及物，可能与汉语不同。He listens to the music every day. (listen为不及物动词，而汉语中“听”是及物动词。) 指出下列句中斜体动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，及物动词填vt.，不及物填vi.。 考点1.Most birds can fly.（） 考点2.The children are flying kites in the park. ( ) 考点3.It happened yesterday.（） 考点4.My watch stopped.（） 考点5.The baby stopped crying when he saw his mother. ( ) 考点6.She spoke at the meeting this morning. （）考点7.Shall I begin at once?（） 考点8.She began working as a teacher after she left school.（）（） 考点9.When did they leave Beijing?（） 考点10.They left last week. （） 3.实义动词、助动词与情态动词 实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义和作用来划分的。实义动词也叫行为动词。 实义动词 指的是那些意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。 如：
第一主题英语语法系统全解（一） 第1章动词时态 2-4楼 第2章被动语态 5-7 楼 第3章虚拟语气 9-11 楼 第4章情态动词 12-16楼 第5章动词不定式 17-20 楼 第6章动词的ing形式 21-24楼 第7章过去分词 25-27楼 第8章独立主格结构 28－30楼 第9章名词性从句 31－33楼 第10章定语从句 35－40楼 第11章状语从句（一） 40－45楼 第11章状语从句（二） 第12章直接引语和间接引语 第13章倒装 第14章强调 第15章省略 第16章主谓一致 动词时态－－一般时 第一章动词时态（一） 在英语中，不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，要用不同的动词形式来表示，这就叫做动词的时态。 一、一般时 一般时包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和一般过去将来时。
A.一般现在时 1．一般现在时的构成 一般现在时主要用动词原形来表示。主语是第三人称单数时，动词后面要加-s或-es。 “我’为开头做称呼的是第一人称 ‘你’怎么怎么样是第二人称 ‘他她它’是第三人称 第三人称就是第三人称转述。 例：小兰对妈妈说：“我要出去玩了” 第三人称：小兰对妈妈说，她要出去玩了。 第三人称，就是说是叙述性质的，没有人的语言，是旁白在记叙！ 以我的角度说，就是第一人称； 以和你说的角度说，就是第二人称； 站在事情外说事情，他怎么怎么样，那就是第三人称了 They want good jobs. 他们想要好的工作。 The coat matches the dress. 外衣和裙子很相配。 This work does not satisfy me. 这项工作我不满意。 Do you understand? 你懂了吗? 2．一般现在时的用法 ①一般现在时的基本用法 a. 表示现在习惯性的动作或存在状态 He always takes a walk after supper. 晚饭后他总是散散步。 Everyone is in high spirits now. 现在大家都情绪高涨。 b. 表示客观事实或普遍真理 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
高中语法总复习结构图 一、名词 1. 规则名词的复数形式： 名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾加’s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生命的东西。 1. ’s所有格的构成：
用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book 用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-year students 用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed 二、冠词 冠词分为不定冠词（a, an），定冠词（the），和零冠词。
三、代词： 1. one, some与any: 1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，复数为ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。 ①One should learn to think of others. ②Have you any bookmarks? No, I don’t have any bookmarks. ③I have some questions to ask. 2) some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。 ①Would you like some bananas? ②Could you give me some money? 3) some 和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。 ①I have read this article in some magazine. ②Please correct the mistakes, if any. 4) some和数词连用表示“大约”，any可与比较级连用表示程度。 ①There are some 3,000 students in this school. ②Do you feel any better today? 2. each和every: each强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上，而every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。 ①Each student has a pocket dictionary. / Each (of us) has a dictionary. / We each have a dictionary. ②Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points. 3. none和no： no等于not any，作定语。none作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用单数，代替可数名词，谓语单复数皆可以。 ①There is no water in the bottle. ②How much water is there in the bottle? None. ③None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties. 4. other和another:
第一主题高中英语语法系统全解（一） 第1章动词时态2-4楼 第2章被动语态5-7 楼 第3章虚拟语气9-11 楼 第4章情态动词12-16楼 第5章动词不定式17-20 楼 第6章动词的ing形式21-24楼 第7章过去分词25-27楼 第8章独立主格结构28－30楼 第9章名词性从句31－33楼 第10章定语从句35－40楼 第11章状语从句（一）40－45楼 第11章状语从句（二） 第12章直接引语和间接引语 第13章倒装 第14章强调 第15章省略 第16章主谓一致 动词时态－－一般时 第一章动词时态（一） 在英语中，不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，要用不同的动词形式来表示，这就叫做动词的时态。 一、一般时 一般时包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和一般过去将来时。
A.一般现在时 1．一般现在时的构成 一般现在时主要用动词原形来表示。主语是第三人称单数时，动词后面要加-s或-es。They want good jobs. 他们想要好的工作。 The coat matches the dress. 外衣和裙子很相配。 This work does not satisfy me. 这项工作我不满意。 Do you understand? 你懂了吗? 2．一般现在时的用法 ①一般现在时的基本用法 a. 表示现在习惯性的动作或存在状态 He always takes a walk after supper. 晚饭后他总是散散步。 Everyone is in high spirits now. 现在大家都情绪高涨。 b. 表示客观事实或普遍真理 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳从东方升起在西方落下。 Sound travels faster through water than it does through air. 声音在水中的传播速度要比在空气中快。 Time and tide wait for no man. 时间不等人。 c. 表示主语的特征、能力和状态 This cloth feels soft. 这布摸上去很软。 I love classical music.